《美国文学》课件三.ppt
美国文学 菲茨杰拉德 Fitzgerald 课件
Literary Characteristics
Simplicity and gracefulness Metaphors and symbols Manipulating relation between the general and the specific Bold impressionistic and colorful quality
Literary Characteristics
Themes: money and love Attitude towards money: contradictory and complex Double vision: knowing it well inside; seeing it ironically outside Special experience: familiar with life style, mental state and moral standards of the rich Critical of the rich and showing the disintegrating effects of wealth on the emotional make-up
Literary Characteristics
பைடு நூலகம்
Fitzgerald: excellent chronicler of the Jazz Age Greatness: finding intuitively in his personal experience the embodiment of that of the nation and creating a myth out of American life Pursuing his ideals; objective enough to analyze, satirize and criticize them
美国文学课课件_海明威_英文简介Ernest_Hemingwa（可编辑）
美国文学课课件_海明威_英文简介Ernest_HemingwaErnestHemingway1899-19611899-1961He started his career as a writer in a newspaper office atthe age of seventeenAfter the United States entered the First World War, hejoined a volunteer ambulance unit in the Italian armyServing at the front, he was wounded, was decorated by the Italian Government, and spent considerable time in hospitalsAfter his return to the United States, he became areporter for Canadian and American newspapers andwas soon sent back to Europe to cover such events as the Greek RevolutionIn Europe in the 1920's ,Ernest learned from avant-garde writers like GertrudeStein and Ezra Poundtheir literary sparenessand compressionHemingway in ItalyDuring the twenties, He became a member of thegroup of expatriate Americans in Paris, which hedescribed in his first novel, The Sun Also Rises 1926Hemingway used his experiences as a reporter during the civil war in Spain as the background for his mostambitious novel, For Whom the Bell Tolls 1940Among his later works, the most outstanding is theshort novel, The Old Man and the Sea 1952, thestory of an old fisherman's journey, his long andlonely struggle with a fish and the sea, and his victory in defeat.Hemingway - himself a great sportsman - liked to portray soldiers, hunters, bullfighters - tough, attimes primitive people whose courage and honestyare set against the brutal ways of modern society,and who in this confrontation lose hope and faithHis straightforward prose, his spare dialogue, andhis predilection for understatement areparticularly effective in his short stories, some ofwhich are collected in Men Without Women 1927and The Fifth Column and the First Forty-NineStories 1938. Main worksThe Sun Also Rises 1926A Farewell to Arms 1929For Whom the Bell Tolls1940The Old Man and the Sea1952Ernest Hemingway Home, Key West, Florida恩斯特海明威 ? 美 ? 作家珍妮福 ? 那在法 ? 巴黎的合影Lost GenerationGroup of U.S. writers who came of age duringWorld War I and established their reputations inthe 1920s; more broadly, the entire post ? WorldWar I American generation. The term wascoined by Gertrude Stein in a remark to ErnestHemingway. The writers considered themselves"lost" because their inherited values could notoperate in the postwar world and they feltspiritually alienated from a country theyconsidered hopelessly provincial andemotionally barren. The term embracesHemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, John DosPassos, E.E. Cummings, Archibald MacLeish,and Hart Crane, among others. “Lost” GenerationWorld WarI seemed to have destroyedthe idea that if you acted virtuously, goodthings would happen. Many good, youngmen went to war and died, or returnedhome either physically or mentallywounded for most, both, and their faith inthe moral guideposts that had earlier giventhem hope, were no longer validtheywere "Lost."? These literary figures also criticized American culture in creative fictional storieswhich had the themes of self-exile,indulgence care-free living and spiritualalienation? For example, Fitzgerald's This Side ofParadise shows the young generation of the1920's masking their general depressionbehind the forced exuberance of the JazzAge. Another of Fitzgerald's novels, TheGreat Gatsby does the same where theillusion of happiness hides a sad lonelinessfor the main characters. Who are involved in the Lost Generation?Ernest HemingwayF. Scott FitzgeraldJohn Dos PassosGertrude SteinT. S. EliotEzra Pound Two Types of Hemingway’sCharactersOne of the foremost authors of the era between the two world wars, Hemingway in his earlyworks depicted the lives of two types of people? One type consisted of men and women deprived,by World War I, of faith in the moral values inwhich they had believed, and who lived withcynical disregard for anything but their ownemotional needs? The other type were men of simple characterand primitive emotions, such as prizefightersand bullfighters. Hemingway’s StyleHemingway's novels pioneered a new style ofwriting which many generations after tried toimitate. Hemingway did away with the floridprose of the 19th century Victorian era andreplaced it with a lean, clear prose based onaction. H also employed a technique by whichhe left out essential information of the story inthe belief that omission can sometimesstrengthen the plot of the novel. The novelsproduced by the writers of the Lost Generationgive insight to the lifestyles that people leadduring the 1920's in America, and the literaryworks of these writers were innovative for theirtime and have influenced many futuregenerations in their styles of writing.Writing StyleJournalistic, lean, simple, short sentences;hardly any adjectivesPrinciple of iceberg7/8 under for every 1/8showing?forces readers to “readbetween the lines”; also called “hard-boiled” styleCritical acclaim-Nobel Prize in 1954Writing StyleLiterary techniquesFlashbackVivid imageryUnique symbolismUnique SymbolismLightwarmth, security, order/balanceWetnessevil, disaster, impending doomLandscapesHighlandsclear, clean, peaceful,orderlyLowlandsevil, chaos,dirtThe Hemingway’s “Code”A man can be destroyed, but notnecessarily defeated Man must face all life struggles withcourage, intensity, honesty, and grace The reward is dignity Loss of hope and faith equals defeat.The Hemingway’s “Code” cont’dConcept of “nada” or “nothingness”: The outcome of life is death, with no lifeafter deaththe struggle is the only thing th at matters“we are all losers,” as the outcome of lifeis death.The Hemingway’s “Code” cont’dNotable Characters-all “manly men” whoact “naturally” as nature intended them to BullfightersBoxersSoldiersHunters FishermenHero ArchetypesTutor: Manly man who teaches the “code” Respects opponent simple and confident expert at his trade always calm Hero Archetypes cont’dTyro:Student of the “code”ConfusedWounded mentally/physically InsomniacResembles HemingwayFears “nada”/”nothingness”Hero Archetypes cont’dHeroin e “Bitch”:Tyro’s womanGreedyUnloving & unkind towards tyroSarcastic and opinionatedpromiscuous-enjoys “wounding” tyroGertrude Stein 1 95 4 年获诺贝尔文学奖海明威英勇地脱离了早期“残暴、犬儒和冷漠”的阶段 , 充满“对危险和冒险的刚毅热爱” , 且具有“对现代叙事艺术强而有力、屡创新格的掌握能力”。
American literaturePPT课件
Nationalistic Orientation (2)
3. “Good” literature: embodiment of American national spirit – e.g. F. O. Matthiessen in American Renaissance (1941) enshrines five writers for their devotion to “democracy”, dismissing Mrs. Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852) as second rate popular writing only. cf. The Scarlet Letter (1850) Moby Dick (1851) Walden (1854) Leaves of Grass (1855) Americanness vs Excellence
Indians? • Literature most representing American
national spirit by American citizens? • – women’s domestic / private literature? • Literature created by American citizens
Hawthorne: cultural production
1. Evert Duyckinck, who managed the magazine United States Magazine and Democratic Review , advocate of American literary nationalism, proponent of high culture
美国文学EmilyDickinson迪金森
精选完整ppt课件
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Weird Recluse?
• She would sometimes send her poems to
people as gifts for valentines or birthdays, along with a pie or cookies.
• She often lowered snacks and treats in baskets to neighborhood children from her window, careful never to let them see her face.
• "If fame belonged to me," she told Higginson, "I could not escape her; if she did not, the longest day would pass me on the chase.… My barefoot rank is better." The twentieth century lifted her without doubt to the first rank among poets.
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What’s the Difference?
BECAUSE I could not stop for Death, He kindly stopped for me; The carriage held but just ourselves And Immortality. We slowly drove, he knew no haste, And I had put away My labor, and my leisure too, For his civility. We passed the school where children played, Their lessons scarcely done; We passed the fields of gazing grain, We passed the setting sun.
MarkTwain马克吐温美国文学PPT课件
Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Tom’s Cabin Mary E. W. Freeman, “A New England Nun” Kate Chopin, The Awakening Mark died when he was 12 and then he left school.
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Realism:
➢ Realism originated in France as reálisme. ➢ It called for “reality and truth” in the depiction of ordinary life. ➢ Some representatives are: Zola, Flaubert, Balzac and Dostoyevsky.
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Representative writers:
William Dean Howells (1837—1920), The Rise of Silas Lapham (1885) and Criticism and Fiction.
Henry James (1843—1916), Daisy Miller (1878), The Ambassadors (1903), The Wings of the Dove (1902) and The Art of Fiction.
Mark Twain & “The Celebrated Jumping Frog of
Calaveras County”
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Historical Background:
《美国文学》课件.ppt
• When he woke up, he noticed that his joints were stiff and that his beard had grown a foot long. Returning to his village, he found it changed almost beyond recognition.
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3) What does “this legendary superstition” refer to? (Para. 2) 4) What is “the general purport of this legendary superstition”? (Para. 3—Para. 4)
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5) Is the “Legend of Sleepy Hollow” the story of the Headless Horseman? If not, what does the “Legend of Sleepy Hollow” deal with?
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Literary Terms: 1.Protagonist: The leading character in a play or story, originally the leader of the CHORUS in the AGON (“contest”) of Greek drama, faced with the ANTAGONIST, the opposition.
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6) How many major characters are mentioned in the “legend”? Who are they? And what’s the relationship between them? Who is the protagonist? And who is the antagonist?
美国文学课件Henry James(超完整版)
The Art of Fiction《小说的艺术》 (1884)
• He argued against rigid proscriptions(禁 令) on the novelist‘s choice of subject and method of treatment. He maintained that the widest possible freedom in content and approach would help ensure narrative fiction’s continued vitality（生命力）
美国大资本家阿达姆及其女儿梅季品德高尚，趣味高雅， 心地善良，处事谨慎，父女在旅欧期间分别结婚后，发现 继母和女婿之间早就有不正常的关系，现在又添私情。父 女两人不露声色地解决了这个矛盾：阿达姆把妻子带回美 国，女婿 （一个意大利王子）虽然失去了情妇，却认识 到妻子的美德，就和她幸福地生活下去 。
Writing style
The art of fiction
• 《小说的艺术》(“The Art of Fiction”) 一文 所阐明的许多理论和观点，迄今依然被广 泛地认为是无懈可击的经典之作。现代文 学评论的许多术语，也源于他的文学评论 著作，例如，“sensibility” （敏感）、 “execution” (处理、或技巧)、“point of view” (叙事角度)等，不一而足；詹姆斯也 被尊奉为“大师”，对欧美作家如康拉德、 菲兹杰拉德等人影响颇大。
Personal information
Died: 28 February 1916 He died in London Born: 15 April 1843 Birthplace: New York
美国文学ppt课件
James Fenimore Cooper (1789-1851)
The Leatherstocking Tales were a series of novels about the frontier lives of American settlers.
The Pioneers was the first of The Leatherstocking Tales. The other four stories are The Last of the Mohicans, The
An Introduction to British and American Culture
William Faulkner (1897-1962)
The Sound and the Fury Light in August Absalom, Absalom! Go Down, Moses
An Introduction to British and American Culture
Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849)
The Raven (1844) was one of his most enduring works.
The Fall of the House of Usher The Masque of Red Death Legia
An Introduction to British and American Culture
Charaters: Hester Prynne, Roger Chillingworth, Arthur Dimmesdale
An Introduction to British and American Culture
F. Scott Fitzgerald 美国文学菲斯杰拉德英文课件ppt
Major works
• novel
• This Side of Paradise《天堂的另一面》: His first novel. It won for him wealth and fame. • The Beautiful and Damned 《漂亮冤家》又名《美丽与毁灭》 • The Great Gatsby 《了不起的盖茨比/长岛春梦》: His masterpiece. It made him one of the greatest American novelists. • Tender is the Night《夜色温柔》 . • The Last Tycoon《最后的大亨》: His last novel. It remains unfinished.
• 整个夏天的夜晚都有音乐声从我邻居家传过来。 在他蔚蓝的花园里，男男女女像飞蛾一般在笑语、 香摈和繁垦中间来来往往。下午涨潮的时候，我 看着他的客人从他的木筏的跳台上跳水，或是躺 在他私人海滩的热沙上晒太阳，同时他的两艘小 汽艇破浪前进，拖着滑水板驶过翻腾的浪花。每 逢周末，他的罗尔斯一罗伊斯轿车就成了公共汽 车，从早晨九点到深更半夜往来城里接送客人， 同时他的旅行车也像一只轻捷的黄硬壳虫那样去 火车站接所有的班车。每星期一，八个仆人，包 括一个临时园丁，整整苦于一天，用许多拖把、 板刷、榔头、修技剪来收拾前一晚的残局。
F. Scott Fitzgerald
• Life and Career • Major and the Jazz Age • The American Dream • Case Study
Life and career
• Born in St. Paul, Minnesota on September 24, 1896 • Had an expensive education in private schools at Princeton. • Due to illness and neglect of academic study, he left the university in 1917 without graduation.
美国文学 PPT课件
Benjamin Franklin Philip Freneau
➢ Chapter III American Romanticism
Washington Irving James Fenimore Cooper William Cullen Bryant Edgar Allan Poe Nathaniel Hawthorne
Brief Outline of American literature
1. Colonial period (1607-1775)
Anne Bradstreet Edward Taylor
2. Revolutionary period
(1775-1783) Benjamin Franklin Philip Freneau
The early settlers
❖ Christopher Columbus discovered the American continent in 1492.
❖ Captain John Smith reached Jamestown, Virginia in 1607.
❖ Puritans came the New England area, by Mayflower in 1620.
❖ Literature is characterized by beauty of expression and form and by universality of intellectual and emotional appeal.
2. Forms (genres) of literature? Poetry, novel (fiction), drama, prose, essay, epic, elegy, short story, journalism, ts, novelette, etc.
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Anne Bradstreet: "Contemplations (9)"
• Contemplations (9) • I heard the merry grasshopper then sing. • The black-clad cricket (蟋蟀) bear a second part; • They kept one tune and played on the same string, • Seeming to glory in their little art. • Shall creatures abject thus their voices raise • And in their kind resound their Maker's praise, • Whilst I, as mute, can warble (sing in a high voice but not
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约翰.斯密斯的作品《关于弗吉尼亚的真实叙述》：
“这里的气温同英国的确十分相近。夏天之炎热有如西班 牙，冬天之寒冷近似法兰西或英格兰。这里四季有风，但这 里能令空气为之清新的雷电，我在欧洲还从未有闻。从海上 进入这片土地只有一处进口，那是一处宽达十八至二十海里， 风平浪静的湾口。这片土地可能比我们所知的任何地方都更 令人愉悦。这里有可供航行的美丽河流，有高山、坦坡、平 原、深谷，河流小溪都注入那片美丽的海湾，四周的土地肥 沃，硕果累累。”
• While exploring the Chickahominy River region, he was captured by Powhatan in December 1607.
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Captain John Smith: Life experiences
• Chief Powhatan, the supreme leader in the Chesapeake region, released Smith on January 2, 1608, after Powhatan's favorite daughter, Pocahontas, intervened.
Lecture Three The Literary Scene in Colonial America
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The First American Writer in Colonial America
John Smith (1580-1631): the first American writer
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Captain John Smith: Life experiences
• Smith says of Pocahontas that she "hazarded the beating out of her owne braines to save mine."
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Captain John Smith: Life experiences
• On September 10, 1608, Smith became president of the council in the colony and orchestrated （organize）such improvements as expanding the settlement around the fort and repairing many buildings.
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Captain John Smith: Contributions
• While his writing contains important factual information about Virginia as it was when inhabited only by Indians, Smith is also noted for embellishing(make sth. beautiful) his stories with boasts and conceit.
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Captain John Smith: Contributions
• John Smith remained in Virginia until fall of 1609, when he sailed back to England.
• Smith was instrumental in disseminating knowledge about Virginia, publishing such works as True Relation of Virginia in 1608, Map of Virginia in 1612, General Historie of Virginia beginning in 1624 (there were six editions in eight years), and True Travels in 1630.
——摘自《新编美国文学史（第一卷）》
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Anne Bradstreet: the first notable poet in America
Anne Bradstreet (1612-1672)
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Anne Bradstreet: Contributions
• The first notable poet in American literature; • The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America
(1650, in England); • “Tenth Muse” that appeared in America; her lyrics
had been of the first rank among the women poets before Emily Dickinson; • An authoritative spokesman of the Puritanical thought; • One of her well-known poems is “Upon the Burning of Our House” (1666), which is highly religious.
• Captain John Smith is best known for his excellent leadership in the colony's early years.
• He arrived at Jamestown still imprisoned feventually released.