2016年英语专业四级考试词汇语法真题及解析
2016年英语专业四级单选及答案详解
2006年51. __dull he may be, he is certainly a very successful top executive.A AlthoughB whateverC AsD However正确答案为D). however引导的让步状语从句,意思是无论(怎么样),从句需要倒装,即However+adj/adv+主+谓. However dull he may be=Dull as he may be. although和as引导让步状语从句,指”尽管”, whatever用来引导名词从句,意思是: 无论什么. 句意: 无论他多么地令人感到乏味.他还是一位非常成功的顶级行政人员.52. If only I __play the guitar as well as you!A wouldB couldC shouldD might正确答案为B). could表示能够,是一种能力. If only引导的虚拟语气,表示”要是….该多好啊!”.句意: 要是我能像你那样把吉他弹得那么好该多好啊!53. The party, __I was the guest of honour, was extremely enjoyable.A by whichB for whichC to whichD at which正确答案为D). at which. 先行词the party作介词at的宾语. 即I was the guest of honor at the party. 关系代词指代the party.54 It's high time we __ cutting down the rainforests. A stoppedB had to stopC shall stopD stop正确答案为A). stopped. It is (high) time的意思是到了做…的时候了. 从句中一般用过去时构成虚拟语气.此句型为历年专四考试常考句型.55 The student said there were a few points in the essay he __ impossible to comprehend.A has foundB was findingC had foundD would find 正确答案为C). had found. 考察定语从句的时态. 定语从句中的”找到问题”这一动作发生先于主句动词said,所以用had found构成过去完成时.56 Loudspeakers were fixed in the hall so that everyone__ an opportunity to hear the speech.A ought to haveB must haveC may haveD should have 正确答案为C). may. so that引导目的状语从句,表示为了让每个人都有机会听到讲座. 其他选项均不符合题意. ought to have done=should have done本应该做而实际未做. must have done表示对过去的肯定猜测.57 I am surprised__ this city is a dull place to live in.A that you should thinkB by what you are thinkingC that you would thinkD with what you were thinking正确答案为A). 本句中should表示惊讶语气,故不能省略. 句意:你居然会认为在这个城市居住是很无聊的,这点让我很惊讶.58 Susan is very hardworking, but her pay is not__ for her work.A enough goodB good enoughC as good enoughD good as enough正确答案为B). enough修饰形容词副词时需要后置, 且不能和as结构连用.59 It is imperative that the government __ more investment into the shipbuilding industry.A attractsB shall attractC attractD has to正确答案为C). attract 考核的是虚拟语气的用法. It is imperative that sb (should)+do/V, should可以省略.该句型在专四考试中极为常见. 句意:当务之急是征服应该吸引更多投资到造船业.60 Land belongs to the city; there is __ thing as private ownership of land.A no such aB not suchC not such aD no such正确答案为D). no such. There is no such (a) thing as…固定用法. 意思是: It is impossible to ….没有…. e.g. There is no such a thing as free lunch. 天下没有免费的午餐.61 My daughter has walked eight miles today. We never guessed that she could walk__ far.A /B suchC thatD as正确答案为C). that=so. 那么,如此. The weather today is not that cold as is reported.6２The statistics __ that living standards in the area have improved drastically in recent times.A provesB is provingC are provingD prove正确答案为D). prove. statistics表示数字数据时谓语动词用复数. The statistics prove/show that…,这里表示的是一种客观状态,没有明显时态标志,所以用一般时态.63 There are only ten apples left in the baskets, __ the spoiltones.A not countingB not to countC don't countD having not counted正确答案为A). not counting. 伴随状语. 表示不把…计算在内.=not including.64 It was __ we had hopedA more a success thanB a success more thanC as much of a success asD a success as much as正确答案为C). 这题是本年专四语法考试中最难的一道题目. as much of a …as是固定结构,类似的结构还有more of a …than, less of a…than, 如果是这些比较结构,则名词只能放在比较结构中,如: It was as much of a success as I had hoped. He is more of a sportsman than his brother. We can let you have as many copies as you need. 所以选项A的正确形式应该是more of a success than…, B选项只能将名词置于比较结构中间.65 There used to be a petrol station near the park, __?A didn't itB doesn't thereC usedn't it?D didn't there正确答案为D). 考察反意疑问句. there be 的反意疑问句就用there来进行反问.66 It is an offence to show __ against people of different races.A distinctionB differenceC separation D.discrimination正确答案为D). discrimination歧视. show discrimination against sb歧视某人distinction区别,差别. difference不同, separation分开. 句意:对不同种族的人表现出歧视是一种冒犯行为.67 A great amount of work has gone into __ the Cathedral to its previous splendor.A refreshingB restoringC renovatingD renewing正确答案为B). restoring:使…恢复到以前面貌, 通常和to连用. refresh使…精神爽快, renovate更新,革新. renew更新68 The thieves fled with the local police close on their __.A backsB necksC toesD heels正确答案为D). heels. on/at one’s heels紧跟在某人后面. 固定搭配,句意为:小偷逃跑了,当地的警察紧随其后追赶. fled逃走，逃掉( flee的过去式和过去分词)；逃离，逃避。
2016专四真题与完整答案
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2016)-GRADE FOURTIME LIMIT: 130 MIN PART I DICTATION [10MIN]Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given ONE minute to check through your work once more.Please write the whole passage on Answer Sheet OnePART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION[20MIN]SECTION A TALKIn this section you will hear a talk You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at the task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now listen to the talk. When it is over, you will be given TWO minutes to check your workWhat Is Grit?My questionsWhy isn't I.Q. the only difference between students?What is the key to (1) __________.My Researchinvestigation of all kinds of (2) __________, including:—West Point Military Academy.—(3) __________.—private companies.My finding: grit as predictor of successGrit is (4) __________ for very long-term goals.Grit is working hard for years to make (5) __________.Grit is living your life like a (6) __________.My surveyhigh school juniors took grit questionnaires.(7) __________kids were more likely to graduate.Grit-buildinglittle is known about how to build grit in students.data show grit is unrelated to (8) __________.growth mindset is the belief that the ability to learn is (9) __________.kids with grit believe failure is (10) __________.ConclusionWe need to be gritty about getting our kids grittier.SECTION B CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear two conversations. At the end of each conversation, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions.Now, listen to the conversations.Conversation OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on Conversation One.1.A. To tell the man that he has been shortlisted for interview.B.To ask the man a few questions about his interview.C.To tell the man the procedure of the interview.D.To explain to the man how to make a presentation.2.A. Questions related to the job.B.General questions about himself.C.Specific questions about his CV.D.Questions about his future plan.3.A. Questions from the interviewers.B.Questions from the interviewee.C.Presentation from the interviewee.D.Requests from the interviewee.4.A. Educational and professional background.B. Problems he has faced and solved.C. Major successes in his career so far.D. Company future and his contribution.5.A. 11 a.m., next Tuesday.B.11 a.m., next Thursday.C.9 a.m., this Tuesday.D.9 a.m., this Thursday.Conversation TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on Conversation Two6.A. How college students pay for their education.B.How to handle the problem of college loans.C.The disadvantages of college loans.ernment financing in college education.7.A. It has increased by 6 to 8 %.B.It has increased by 8 to 10 %.C.It has decreased by 6 to 8%.D.It has decreased by 8 to 10%.8.A. Student's family income.B.First year salary after graduation.C.A fixed amount of 30,000 dollars.D.Payment in the next ten years.9.A. Students can borrow money first.B.Students pay no tax on savings.C. Students pay less tax after graduation.D. Students withdraw without paying tax.10.A. Giving up charitable or volunteer work.B.Neglecting their study at college.C.Giving up further education.D.Neglecting high salary in job-seeking.PART III LANGUAGE USAGE[10 MIN]There are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.11.How can I concentrate if you ___________ continually ___________ me with silly questions?A.have... interruptedB.had...interruptedC.are...interruptingD.were...interrupting12.Among the four sentences below, Sentence ___________ expresses the highest degree of possibility.A. It may take a long time to find a solution to the problem.B. It might take a long time to find a solution to the problem.C. It could take a long time to find a solution to the problem.D. It should take a long time to find a solution to the problem.13.She is a better speaker than___________in the class.A.all the girlsB.the other boysC.other any girlD.any boy14.Nobody heard him sing,___________.A.did theyB.did heC.didn't theyD.did one15.I can't put up with___________.A.that friend of youB.that friend of yoursC.the friend of youD.the friend of yours16.There has been an increasing number of ___________ in primary schools in the past few years.A.man teacherB.men teacherC.man teachersD.men teachers17.This is one of the issues that deserve___________.A.mentioningB. being mentionedC. to mentionD. for mention18.The audience ___________ excited on seeing ___________favorite star glide onto the stage.A.were ... itsB.were...theirC.was...theirD.was...one's19.___________your advice, I would have made the wrong decision.A.Hadn't it been forB.Had it not been forC.Had it been forD.Had not it been for20.The sentence I wish I had been more careful in spending money expresses the speaker's_____.A.hopeB.joyC.regretD.relief21.The Attorney General ordered a federal autopsy of Brown's body, seekingto___________ the family and community there would be a thorough investigation into his death.A.ensureB.assureC.insureD.ascertain22.The police department came under strong criticism for both the death of an unarmed man andits handling of the___________.A.consequenceB.outcomeC.resultD.aftermath23.The Foreign Secretary tried to ___________ doubts about his handling of the crisis.A.dispelB.expelC.repelD.quell24.Mutual funds are thus best for investors who don't want to take the time to studystocks in detail or who ___________ the resources to build a portfolio.A.depriveckC.yearnD.attain25.Chris ran ___________ John at a sporting-goods trade show and the two quickly struck___________an easy rapport.A.into...upB.on...intoC.across...onD.against...into26."I am leaving the country soon," he told a ___________ convened group of reporters.A.especiallyB.particularlyC.speciallyD.specifically27.Israel and Hamas had reached a deal on extending the _______ ceasefire by an extra 24 hours until Tuesday at midnight.A.contemporaryB.makeshiftC.spontaneousD.temporary28.___________to unplugging the alarm clock and trusting your ability to wake on time on your own, you should probably ease yourself into the new arrangement by keeping a very regular schedule for several weeks.A.DueB.PriorC.RelatedD.Thanks29.If you are an athlete, strong abdominal muscles help you ensure a strong back and freedom from injury during ___________ upper-body movement.A.valiantB.variableC.vigorousD.vigilant30.Finning is a cruel ___________ in which the shark's fins are lopped off, and the live shark is thrown back to sea.A.realityB.truthC.skillD.practicePART IV CLOZE[10 MIN]Decide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blank. The words can be used ONCE ONLY. Mark the letter for each word on ANSWER SHEET TWO.A. ampleB. combinationsC. directlyD. disseminatedE. generationsF. genuinelyG. insteadH. listsI. promulgatedJ. publicizedI K. scant L. shaped M. sophisticated N. transplanted O. virtualmagine a world without writing. Obviously there would be no books: no novels, noencyclopedias, no cookbooks, no textbooks, no telephone books, no scriptures, no diaries, no travel guides. There would be no ball-points, no typewriters, no computers, no Internet,no magazines, no movie credits, no shopping lists, no newspapers, no tax returns. But such___________(31) of objects almost miss the point. The world we live in has been indelibly marked by the written word, ___________ (32) by the technology of writing over thousands of years. Ancient kings proclaimed their authority and ___________ (33) their laws in writing. Scribes administered great empires by writing, their knowledge of recording and retrieving information essential to governing complex societies. Religious traditions were passed on through ___________ (34), and spread to others, in writing.Scientific and technological progress was achieved and___________(35) through writing.Accounts in trade and commerce could be kept because of writing. Nearly every step of civilization has been mediated through writing. A world without writing would bear___________(36) resemblance to the one we now live in. Writing is a___________ (37) necessity to the societies anthropologists call civilizations. A civilization is distinguished from other societies by the complexity of its social organization, by its construction of cities and large public buildings, and by the economic specialization of its members, many of whom are not___________(38) involved in food procurement or production. Acivilization, with its taxation and tribute systems, its trade, and its public works, requires a ___________ (39) system of record keeping. And so the early civilizations of Egypt, China, and (probably) India all developed a system of writing. Only the Peruviancivilization of the Incas and their predecessors did not use writing but___________ (40) invented a system of keeping records on knotted color-coded strings known as quipu.PART V READING COMPREHENSION[35 MIN]SECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple choice questions. Foreach multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE(1)When I was twenty-seven years old, I was a mining-broker's clerk in San Francisco,and an expert in all the details of stock traffic. I was alone in the world, and had nothing to depend upon but my wits and a clean reputation; but these were setting my feet in the road to eventual fortune, and I was content with the prospect. My time was my own after the afternoon board, Saturdays, and I was accustomed to putting it in on a little sail-boat on the bay. One day I ventured too far, and was carried out to sea. Just at nightfall, when hope was about gone, I was picked up by a small ship which was bound for London. It was a long and stormy voyage, and they made me work my passage without pay, as a common sailor. When I stepped ashore in London my clothes were ragged and shabby, and I had only a dollar in my pocket. This money fed and sheltered me twenty-four hours. During the next twenty-four I went without food and shelter.(2)About ten o'clock on the following morning, dirty and hungry, I was dragging myselfalong Portland Place, when a child that was passing, towed by a nurse-maid, tossed a big pear -minus one bite - into the gutter. I stopped, of course, and fastened my desiring eye on that muddy treasure. My mouth watered for it, my stomach craved it, my whole being, begged for it. But every time I made a move to get it some passing eye detected mypurpose, and of course I straightened up then, and looked indifferent and pretended that I hadn't been thinking about the pear at all. This same thing kept happening and happening, and I couldn't get the pear.(3)I was just getting desperate enough to brave all the shame, and to seize it, when a window behind me was raised, and a gentleman spoke out of it, saying: "Step in here, please."(4)I was admitted by a man servant, and shown into a sumptuous room where a couple of elderly gentlemen were sitting. They sent away the servant, and made me sit down. They had just finished their breakfast, and the sight of the remains of it almost overpowered me. I could hardly keep my wits together in the presence of that food, butas I was not asked to sample it, I had to bear my trouble as best as I could.(5)Now, something had been happening there a little before, which I did not know anything about until a good many days afterwards, but I will tell you about it now. Those two old brothers had been having a pretty hot argument a couple of days before, and had ended by agreeing to decide it by a bet, which is the English way of settling everything. (6)You will remember that the Bank of England once issued two notes of a million pounds each, to be used for a special purpose connected with some public transaction with a foreign country. For some reason or other only one of these had been used and canceled; the other still lay in the vaults of the Bank. Well, the brothers, chatting along, happened to get to wondering what might be the fate of a perfectly honest and intelligent stranger who should be turned adrift in London without a friend, and with no money but that million-pound bank-note, and no way to account for his being in possession of it. BrotherA said he would starve to death; BrotherB said he wouldn't. Brother A said he couldn't offer it at a bank or anywhere else, because he would be arrested on the spot. So they went on disputing till Brother B said he would bet twenty thousand pounds that the man would live thirty days, anyway, on that million, and keep out of jail, too. Brother A took him up.Brother B went down to the Bank and bought that note. Then he dictated a letter, which one of his clerks wrote out in a beautiful round hand, and then the two brothers sat at the window a whole day watching for the right man to give it to.(7)I finally became the pick of them.41.In Para. 1, the phrase "set my feet" probably means___________.A.put me asideB.start my journeyC.prepare meD.let me walk42.It can be concluded from Para. 2 that___________.A.the man wanted to maintain dignity though starvedB.the man could not get a proper chance to eat the pearC.the man did not really want the pear since it was dirtyD.it was very difficult for the man to get the pearpared with Brother A, Brother B was more ___________ towards the effect of the one-million-pound bank-note on a total stranger.A.neutralB.negativeC.reservedD.positivePASSAGE TWO(1)The concept of peace is a very important one in cultures all over the world. Think abouthow we greet people. In some languages, the phrases for greetings contain the word for peace. In some cultures we greet people by shaking hands or with another gesture to show that we are not carrying weapons—that we come in peace. And there are certain symbols which people in very different cultures recognize as representing peace. Let's look at a few of them.The dove(2)The dove has been a symbol of peace and innocence for thousands of years in many different cultures. In ancient Greek mythology it was a symbol of love and the renewalof life. In ancient Japan a dove carrying a sword symbolized the end of war.(3)There was a tradition in Europe that if a dove flew around a house where someone was dying then their soul would be at peace. And there are legends which say that the devilcan turn himself into any bird except for a dove. In Christian art, the dove was used to symbolize the Holy Ghost and was often painted above Christ's head.(4)But it was Pablo Picasso who made the dove a modern symbol of peace when he used it on a poster for the World Peace Congress in 1949. The rainbow(5)The rainbow is another ancient and universal symbol, often representing the connection between human beings and their gods. In Greek mythology it was associated with Iris, the goddess who brought messages from the gods on Mount Olympus. In Scandinavian mythology the rainbow was a bridge between the gods and the earth. In the Bible a rainbow showed Noah that the Biblical flood was finally over, and that God had forgiven his people. In the Chinese tradition, the rainbow is a common symbol for marriage becausethe colours represent the union of yin and yang. Nowadays the rainbow is used bymany popular movements for peace and the environment, representing the possibility ofa better world in the future and promising sunshine after the rain. Mistletoe(6)This plant was sacred in many cultures, generally representing peace and love. Most people know of the tradition of kissing under the mistletoe at Christmas time, which probably comes from Scandinavian mythology. The goddess Freya's son was killed byan arrow made of mistletoe, so, in honour of him, she declared that it would always be a symbol of peace. It was often hung in doorways as a sign of friendship.(7)The ancient Druids believed that hanging mistletoe in your doorway protected youfrom evil spirits. Tribes would stop fighting for a period of time if they found a tree with mistletoe. But you will never see mistletoe in a Christian church - it is banned because of its associations with pagan religion and superstition. The olive branch(8)The olive tree has always been a valuable source of food and oil. In Greek mythology, the goddess Athena gave the olive tree to the people of Athens, who showed their gratitude by naming the city after her. But no one knows for sure when or why it began to symbolize peace. There is probably a connection with ancient Greece. Wars between states were suspended during the Olympic Games, and the winners were given crowns of olive branches. The symbolism may come from the fact that the olive tree takes a long time to produce fruit, so olives could only be cultivated successfully in long periods of peace. Whatever the history, the olive branch is a part of many modern flags symbolizing peace and unity. One well-known example is the United Nations symbol. The ankh(9)The ankh is an ancient symbol which was adopted by the hippie movement in the 1960sto represent peace and love. It was found in many Asian cultures, but is generallyassociated with ancient Egypt. It represented life and immortality. Egyptians were buried with an ankh, so that they could continue to live in the "afterworld". The symbol was also found along the sides of the Nile, which gave life to the people. They believed that the ankh could control the flow of the river and make sure that there was always enough water.44.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A.Concept of Peace.B.Origin of Peace Symbols.C.Popular Peace Symbols.D.Cultural Difference of Peace.45.The rainbow represents the connection between human beings and their gods in all the following countries EXCEPT___________.A.SwedenB.GreeceC.FinlandD.China46.In North Europe mistletoe was often hung in doorways to indicate___________.A.friendshipB.loveC.kinshipD.honour16/2947.The origin of the ankh can date back to___________.A.the NileB.the "afterworld"C.the hippie movementD.ancient EgyptPASSAGE THREE(1)Two sides almost never change: That you can manipulate people into self-sufficiencyand that you can punish them into good citizenship.(2)The first manifests itself in our tireless search for the magical level at which welfaregrants are big enough to meet basic needs but small enough to make low-paid work attractive. The second has us looking to the criminal justice system to cure behavior that is as much as anything the result of despair.(3)The welfare example is well known. We don't want poor people to live in squalor ortheir children to be malnourished. But we also don't want to subsidize the indolence of people who are too lazy to work. The first impulse leads us to provide housing, food stamps, medical care and a cash stipend for families in need. The second gets us to think about "workforce".(4)We've been thinking about it for two reasons: the "nanny" problems of two high-ranking government officials (who hired undocumented foreigners as household helpers, presumably because they couldn't find Americans to do the work) and President Clinton's proposal to put a two-year limit on welfare.(5)Maybe something useful will come of Clinton's idea, but I'm not all that hopeful. Itlooks to me like one more example of trying to manipulate people into taking care of themselves.(6)On the criminal justice side, we hope to make punishment tough enough to discourage crime but not so tough as to clog our prisons with relatively minor offenders. Too short a sentence, we fear, will create contempt for the law. Too long a sentence will take up costly space better used for the violent and unremorseful.(7)Not only can we never find the "perfect" punishment, our search for optimum penalties is complicated by our desire for fairness: to let the punishment fit the crime. The problem is that almost any punishment - even the disgrace of being charged with a crime - is sufficient to deter the middle class, while for members of the underclass, probation may be translated as "I beat it."(8)So how can you use the system - welfare or criminal justice - to produce the behavior we want? The answer, I suspect is: You can't.(9)We keep trying to use welfare and prison to change people - to make them think and behave the way we do - when the truth is the incentives work only for those who already think the way we do: who view today's action with an eye on the future.(10)We will take lowly work (if that is all that's available) because we believe we can make bad jobs work for us. We avoid crime not because we are better people but because we see getting caught as a future-wrecking disaster. We are guided by a belief that good things will happen for us in the future if we take proper care of the present. Even under the worst of circumstances, we believe we are in control of our lives.(11)And we have trouble understanding that not everybody believes as we believe. The welfare rolls, the prisons and the mean streets of our cities are full of people who havegiven up on their future. Without hope for the future, hard work at a low-paid job makes no sense. Working hard in school, or pleasing a boss, or avoiding pregnancy makes no sense. The deadly disease is hopelessness.The lawlessness and poverty are only the obvious symptoms.(12)I'm not advocating that we stop looking for incentives to move poor people towardself-sufficiency or that we stop punishing people for criminal behavior. There will always be some people who need help and some who deserve to be in jail.(13)All I'm saying is that the long-term answer both to welfare and the crime that plaguesour communities is not to fine tune the welfare and criminal justice systems but to prevent our children from getting the disease of despair.(14)If we encourage our young people to believe in the future, and give them solidevidence for believing, we'll find both crime and poverty shrinking to manageable proportions.48.What is the author's attitude towards Clinton's proposal to welfare?A.Pessimistic.B.Optimistic.C.Suspicious.D.Sarcastic.49.It can be inferred from Para. 7 that optimum penalties are___________to the underclass.elessB.hopelessC.frighteningD.humiliating50.Which of the following is the most appropriate title for the passage?wlessness and Poverty.B.Criminal Justice System.C.Welfare Grants.D.Disease of Despair.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with NO more than TEN words in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE51.In Para. 4, what does the man mean by saying "I had to bear my trouble"?52.What can be inferred from the last sentence of the passage?PASSAGE TWO53. Why does the UN use the olive branch in its symbol?PASSAGE THREE54.According to the author, what balance should we keep in welfare?55.What does the author mean by saying "Even under the worst of circumstances, webelieve we are in control of our lives" (Para. 10)?PART VI WRITING [45 MIN]Read carefully the following excerpt on term-time holiday arguments in the UK, and thenwrite your response in NO LESS THAN 200 words, in which you should:summarize the main message of the excerpt, and thencomment on whether parents should take children out of school for holidayduring term time in order to save money.You should support yourself with information from the excerpt.Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Term-time holidays will be bannedParents are to be banned by Michael Gove, UK's Education Secretary, from taking their children out of school to save money on holidays.He is to abolish the right of head teachers to "authorise absence" from the classroom, which has been used to let families take term-time breaks, and will warn them they face fines for their children not being at school."Any time out of school has the potential to damage a child's education," a senior source at the Department for Education said this weekend. "That is why the government will end the distinction between authorised and unauthorised absence.""This is part of the government's wider commitment to bring down truancy（逃学，旷课） levels in our schools. There will also be stricter penalties for parents and schools."The tough measures on truancy are part of a wider attempt by Mr Gove to make education more academically rigorous and to tackle a culture in the educational establishment which he believes has accepted "excuses for failure". Russell Hobby, the general secretary of the National Association of Head Teachers, said the measure would discourage parents from trying to put pressure on heads to sanction （批准） term time holidays. "The high cost of holidays outside of term time is still an issue but ultimately a child's education is more important than a holiday," he said.Writeyour resp onseon ANS WER SHE ET THR EE.-THE END---2016 年英语专业四级考试参考答案Part I DICTATIONThink Positive and Feel PositiveAre you confident or insecure in a difficult situation? / Do you react positively or negativ ely? / The answer may depend in part on whomyou’rearound. / A study found that negative thinking can be contagious in some cases. / For example, the researchers studied 103 collegeroommates. / They measured eachroommate’s tendency towards negative thinking. / It was f ound that thinking patterns can be contagious. / Students with a negative thinking roommate became more depressed themselves, / and students with more positive thinking roommates / were more likely to become more positive as well. Part II LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A TALK 1. success2. challenging settings。
英语专业四级真题与题解
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2016)—GRADE FOUR—TIME LIMIT: 130 MINPART I DICTATION [10 MIN] Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more.Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION [20 MIN]SECTION A TALKIn this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at the task on the ANSWER SHEETONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now, listen to the talk. When it is over, you will be given TWO minutes to check your work.SECTION B CONVERSATIONSIn this section, you will hear two conversations. At the end of the conversion, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions.Now, listen to the conversations.Conversation OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on Conversation One.1. A. To tell the man that he has been shortlisted for interview.B. To ask the man a few questions about his interview.C. To tell the man the procedure of the interview.D. To explain to the man how to make a presentation.2. A. Questions related to the job.B. General questions about himself.C. Specific questions about his CV.D. Questions about his future plan.3. A. Questions from the interviewers.B. Questions from the interviewee.C. Presentation from the interviewee.D. Requests from the interviewee.4. A. Educational and professional background.B. Problems he has faced and solved.C. Major successes in his career so far.D. Company future and his contribution.5. A. 11 ., next Tuesday.B. 11 ., next Thursday.C. 9 ., this Tuesday.D. 9 ., this Thursday.Conversation TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on Conversation Two.6. A. How college students pay for their education.B. How to handle the problem of college loans.C. The disadvantage of college loans.D. Government financing in college education.7. A. It has increased by 6 to 8%.B. It has increased by 8 to 10%.C. It has decreased by 6 to 8%.D. It has decreased by 8 to 10%.8. A. Student’s family income.B. First year salary after graduation.C. A fixed amount of 30, 000 dollars.D. Payment in the next ten years.9. A. Students can borrow money first.B. Students pay no tax on savings.C. Students pay less tax after graduation.D. Students withdraw without paying tax.10. A. Giving up charitable or volunteer work.B. Neglecting their study at college.C. Giving up further education.D. Neglecting high salary in job-seeking.PART III LANGUAGE USAGE [10 MIN]There are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on Answer Sheet Two.11. How can I concentrate if you __________ continually__________ me with silly questions?A. have… interruptedB. had… interruptedC. are… interruptingD. were… interrupting12. Among the four sentences below, Sentence __________ express the highest degree of possibility.A. It may take a long time to find a solution to the problem.B. It might take a long time to find a solution to the problem.C. It could take a long time to find a solution to the problem.D. It should take a long time to find a solution to the problem.13. She is a better speaker than __________ in the class.A. all the girlsB. the other boysC. other any girlD. any boy14. Nobody heard him sing, __________?A. did theyB. did heC. didn’t theyD. did one15. I can’t put up with __________.A. that friend of youB. that friend of yoursC. the friend of youD. the friend of yours16. There has been an increasing number of __________ in primary schools in past few years.A. man teacherB. men teacherC. man teachersD. men teachers17. This is one of the issues that deserve __________.A. mentioningB. being mentionedC. to mentionD. for mention18. The audience __________ excited on seeing__________ favorite star glide onto the stage.A. were… itsB. were… theirC. was… theirD. was… one’s19. __________ your advice, I would have made the wrong decision.A. Hadn’t it been forB. Had it not been forC. Had it been forD. Had not it been for20. The sentence I wish I had been more careful in spending money express the speaker’s __________.A. hopeB. joyC. regretD. relief21. The Attorney General ordered a federal autopsy of Brown’s body,seeking to __________ the family and community there would bea thorough investigation into his death.A. ensureB. assureC. insureD. ascertain22. The police department came under strong criticism for both thedeath of an unarmed and its handling of the __________.A. consequenceB. outcomeC. resultD. aftermath23. The Foreign Secretary tried to __________ doubts about his handling of the crisis.A. dispelB. expelC. repelD. quell24. Mutual funds are thus best for investors who don’t want totake the time to study stocks in detail or who __________ the resources to build a portfolio.A. depriveB. lackC. yearnD. attain25. Chris ran __________ John at a sporting-goods trade show andthe two quickly struck __________ an easy rapport.A. into…upB. on…intoC. across…onD. against…into26. “I’m leaving the country soon,”he told a __________ convened group of reporters.A. especiallyB. particularlyC. speciallyD. specifically27. Israel and Hamas had reached a deal on extending the__________ ceasefire by an extra 24 hours until Tuesday at midnight.A. contemporaryB. makeshiftC. spontaneousD. temporary28. __________ to unplugging the alarm clock and trusting yourability to wake on time on your own, you should probably ease yourself into the new arrangement by keeping a very regular schedule for several weeks.A. DueB. PriorC. RelatedD. Thanks29. If you are an athlete, strong abdominal muscles help youensure a strong back and freedom from injury during __________upper-body movement.A. valiantB. variableC. vigorousD. vigilant30. Finning is a cruel __________ in which the shark’s fins arelopped off, and the live shark is thrown back to sea.A. realityB. truthC. skillD. practicePART IV CLOZE [10 MIN]Decide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blank. The words can be used ONCE ONLY. Mark the letter for each word on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Imagine a world without writing. Obviously there would be no books: no novels, no encyclopedias, no cookbooks, no textbooks, no telephone books, no scriptures, no diaries, no travel guides. There would be no ball-points, no typeswriters, no computers, no Internet, no magazines, no movie credits, no shopping lists, no newspapers, no tax returns. But such __________ (31) of subjects almost miss the point. The world we live in has been indelibly marked by the written word, __________ (32) by the technology of writing over thousands of years. Ancient kings proclaimed their authority and __________ (33) their laws in writing. Scribes administered great empires by writing, their knowledge of recording and retrieving information essential to governing complex societies. Religious traditions were passed on through __________ (34), and spread to others, in writing. Scientific and technological progress was achieved and __________ (35) through writing. Accounts in trade and commerce could be kept because of writing. Nearly every step of civilization has been mediated through writing. A world without writing would bear __________ (36) resemblance to the one we now live in. Writing is a __________ (37) necessity to the societiesanthropologists call civilizations. A civilization is distinguished from other societies by the complexity of its social organization, by its construction of cities and large public buildings, and by the economic specialization of its members, many of whom are not __________ (38) involved in food procurement or production. A civilization, with its taxation and tribute systems, its trade, and its public works, requires a __________ (39) system of record keeping. And so the early civilizations of Egypt, China, and (probably) India all developed a system of writing. Only the Peruvian civilization of the Incas and their predecessors did not use writing but __________ (40) invented a system of keeping records on knotted color-coded strings known as quipu.PART V READING COMPREHENSION [35 MIN] SECTION A MUTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE(1)When I was twenty-seven years old, I was a mining-broker’s clerk in San Francisco, and an expert in all the details of stock traffic, I was alone in the world, and had nothing to depend upon but my wits and a clean reputation; but these were setting my feet in the road to eventual fortune, and I was content with the prospect. My time was my own after the afternoon board, Saturdays, and I was accustomed to putting it in on a little sail-boat on the bay. One day I ventured too far, and was carried out to sea. Just at nightfall, when hope was about gone, I was picked up by a small ship which was bound for London. It was a long and stormy voyage, and they made me work my passage without pay, as a common sailor. When I stepped ashore in London my clothes were ragged and shabby, and I had only a dollar in my pocket. This money fed and sheltered me twenty-four hours. During the next twenty-four I went without food and shelter.(2)About ten o’clock on the following morning, dirty and hungry,I was dragging myself along Portland Place, when a child that was passing, towed by a nurse-maid, tossed a big pear——minus one bite ——into the gutter. I stopped, of course, and fastened my desiring eye on that muddy treasure. My mouth watered for it, my stomachcraved it, my whole being begged for it. But every time I made a move to get it some passing eye detected my purpose, and of course I straightened up then, and looked indifferent and pretended that I hadn’t been thinking about the pear at all. This same thing kept happening and happening, and I couldn’t get the pear.(3)I was just getting desperate enough to brave all the shame, and to seize it, when a window behind me was raised, and a gentleman spoke out of it, saying: “ Step in here, please.”(4)I was admitted by a man servant, and shown into a sumptuous room where a couple of elderly gentlemen were sitting. They sent away the servant, and made me sit down. They had just finished their breakfast, and the sight of the remains of it almost overpowered me. I could hardly keep my wits together in the presence of that food, but as I was not asked to sample it, I had to bear my trouble as best as I could.(5)Now, something had been happening there a little before, whichI did not know anything about until a good many days afterwards, but I will tell you about it now. Those two old brothers had been having a pretty hot argument a couple of days before, and had ended by agreeing to decide it by a bet, which is the English way of settling everything.(6)You will remember that the Bank of England once issued two notes of a million pounds each, to be used for a special purpose connected with some public transaction with a foreign country. For some reason or other only one of these had been used and canceled; the other still lay in the vaults of the Bank. Well, the brothers, chatting along, happened to get to wondering what might be the fate of a perfectly honest and intelligent stranger who should be turned adrift in London without a friend, and with no money but that million-pound bank-note, and no way to account for his being in possession of it. Brother A said he would starve to death; Brother B said he wouldn’t. Brother A said he couldn’t offer it at a bank or anywhere else, because he would be arrested on the spot. So they went on disputing till Brother B said he would bet twenty thousand pounds that the man would live thirty days, anyway, on that million, and keep out of jail, too. Brother A took him up. Brother B went down to the Bank and bought that note. Then he dictated a letter, which one of his clerks wrote out in a beautiful round hand, and then the two brothers sat at the window a whole day watching for the right man to give it to.(7)I finally became the pick of it.41. In Para. 1, the phrase “set my feet”probably means __________.A. put me asideB. start my journeyC. prepare meD. let me walk42. It can be concluded from Para. 2 that __________.A. the man wanted to maintain dignity though starvedB. the man could not get a proper chance to eat the pearC. The man did not really want the pear since it was dirtyD. it was very difficult for the man to get the pear43. Compared with Brother A, Brother B was more __________ towards the effect of theone-million-pound bank-note on a total strange.A. neutralB. negativeC. reservedD. positivePASSAGE TWO(1)The concept of peace is a very important one in cultures all over the world. Think about how we greet people. In some language, the phrases for greetings contain the word for peace. In some cultures we greet people by shaking hands or with another gesture to show that we are not carrying weapons --- that we come in peace. And there are certain symbols which people in very different cultures recognize as representing peace. Let’s look at a few of them.The dove(2)The dove has been a symbol of peace and innocence for thousands of years in many different cultures. In ancient Greek mythology it was a symbol of love and the renewal of life. In ancient Japan a dove carrying a sword symbolized the end of war.(3)There was a tradition in Europe that if dove flew around ahouse where someone was dying then their soul would be at peace. And there are legends which say that devil can turn himself into any bird except for a dove. In Christian art, the dove was used to symbolized the Holy Ghost and was often painted above Christ’s head.(4)But it was Pablo Picasso who made the dove a modern symbol of peace when he used it on a poster for the World Peace Congress in 1949.The rainbow(5)The rainbow is another ancient and universal symbol, often representing the connection between human beings and their gods. In Greek mythology it was associated with Iris, the goddess who brought messages from the gods on Mount Olympus. In Scandinavian mythology the rainbow was a bridge between the gods and the earth. In the Bible a rainbow showed Noah that the Biblical flood was finally over, and that God had forgiven his people. In the Chinese tradition, the rainbow is a common symbol for marriage because the colours represent the union of yin and yang. Nowadays the rainbow is used by many popular movements for peace and the environment, representing the possibility of a better world in the future and promising sunshine after rain.Mistletoe(6)This plant was sacred in many cultures, generally representing peace and love. Most people know of the tradition of kissing under the mistletoe at Christmas time, which probably comes from Scandinavian mythology. The goddess Freya’s son was killed by an arrow made of mistletoe, so, in honour of him, she declared that it would always be a symbol of peace. It was often hung in doorways as a sign of friendship.(7)The ancient Druids believed that hanging mistletoe in your doorway could protect you from evil spirits. Tribes would stop fighting for a period of time if they found a tree with mistletoe. But you will never see mistletoe in a Christian church - it is banned because of its associations with pagan religion and superstition.The olive branch(8)The olive tree has always been a valuable source of food and oil. In Greek mythology, the goddess Athena gave the olive tree to the people of Athens, who showed their gratitude by naming the city after her. But no one knows for sure when or why it began to symbolize peace. There is probably a connection with ancient Greece. Wars between states were suspended during the Olympics Games, and thewinners were given crowns of olive branches. The symbolism may come from the fact that the olive tree takes a long time to produce fruit, so olives could only be cultivated successfully in long periods of peace. Whatever the history, the olive branch is a part of many modern flags symbolizing peace and unity. One well-known example is the United Nations symbol.The ankh(9)The ankh is an ancient symbol which was adopted by the hippie movement in the 1960s to represent peace and love. It was found in many Asian cultures, but is generally associated with ancient Egypt. It represented life and immortality. Egyptians were buried with an ankh, so that they could continue to live in the “afterworld”. The symbol was also found along the sides of the Nile, which gave life to the people. They believed that the ankh could control the flow of the river and make sure that there was always enough water.44.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. Concept of Peace.B. Origin of Peace Symbols.C. Popular Peace Symbols.D. Cultural Difference of Peace.45.The rainbow represents the connection between human beings andtheir gods in all thefollowing countries EXCEPT __________.A. SwedenB. GreeceC. FinlandD. China46.In North Europe mistletoe was often hung in doorways to indicate__________.A. friendshipB. loveC. kinshipD. honour47.The origin of the ankh can date back to __________.A. the NileB. the “afterword”C. the hippie movementD. ancient EgyptPASSAGE THREE(1)Two sides almost never change: That you can manipulate people into self-sufficiency and that you can punish them into good citizenship.(2)The first manifests itself in our tireless search for the magical level at which welfare grants are big enough to meet basic needs but small enough to make low-paid work attractive. The second has us looking to the criminal justice system to cure behavior that is as much as anything the result of despair.(3)The welfare example is well known. We don’t want poor people to live in squalor or their children to be malnourished. But we also don’t want to subsidize the indolence of people who are too lazyto work. The first impulse leads us to provide housing, food stamps, medical care and a cash stipend for families in need. The second gets us to think about “workforce”.(4)We’ve been thinking about it for two reasons: the “nanny”problems of two high-ranking government officials (who hired undocumented foreigners as household helpers, presumably because they couldn’t find Americans to do the work) and President Clinton’s proposal to put a two-year limit on welfare.(5)Maybe something useful will come of Clinton’s idea, but I’m not all that hopeful. It looks to me like one more example of trying to manipulate people into taking care of themselves.(6)On the criminal justice side, we hope to make punishment tough enough to discourage crime but not so tough as to clog our prisons with relatively minor offenders. Too short a sentence, we fear, will create contempt for the law. Too long a sentence will take up costly space better used for the violent and unremorseful.(7)Not only can we never find the “perfect” punishment, our search for optimum penalties is complicated by our desire for fairness: to let the punishment fit the crime. The problem is that almost any punishment --- even the disgrace of being charged witha crime --- is sufficient to deter the middle class, while for members of the underclass, probation may be translated as “I beat it”.(8)So how can you use the system --- welfare or criminal justice --- to produce the behavior we want? The answer, I suspect is: You can’t.(9)We keep trying to use welfare and prison to change people --- to make them think and behave the way we do --- when the truth is the incentives work only for those who already think the way we do: who view today’s action with an eye on the future.(10)We will take lowly work (if that is all that’s available) because we believe we can make bad jobs work for us. We avoid crime not because we are better people but because we see getting caught as a future-wrecking disaster. We are guided by a belief that good things will happen for us in the future if we take proper care of the present. Even under the worst of circumstances, we believe we are in control of our lives.(11)And we have trouble understanding that not everybody believes as we believe. The welfare rolls, the prison and the mean street of our cities are full of people who have given up on theirfuture. Without hope for the future, hard work at a low-paid job makes no sense. Working hard in school, or pleasing a boss, or avoiding pregnancy makes no sense. The deadly disease is hopelessness. The lawlessness and poverty are only the obvious symptoms.(12)I’m not advocating that we stop looking for incentives to move poor people toward self-sufficiency or that we stop punishing people for criminal behavior. There will always be some people who need help and some who deserve to be in jail.(13)All I’m saying is that the long-term answer both to welfare and the crime that plagues our communities is not to fine tune the welfare and criminal justice systems but to prevent our children from getting the disease of despair.(14)If we encourage our young people to believe in the future, and give them solid evidence for believing, we’ll find both crime and poverty shrinking to manageable proportions.48. What is the author’s attitude towards Clinton’s proposal to welfare?A. Pessimistic.B. Optimistic.C. Suspicious.D. Sarcastic.49. It can be inferred from Para. 7 that optimum penalties are __________ to the underclass.A. uselessB. hopelessC. frighteningD. humiliating50. Which of the following is the most appropriate title for the passage?A. Lawlessness and Poverty.B. Criminal Justice System.C. Welfare Grants.D. Disease of Despair.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section, there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with NO more than TEN words in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE51.In Para. 4, what does the man mean by saying “I had to bear my trouble”?52.What can be inferred from the last sentence of the passage? PASSAGE TWO53.Why does the UN use the olive branch in its symbol?PASSAGE THREE54.According to the author, what balance should we keep in welfare?55.What does the author mean by saying “Even under the worst ofcircumstances, we believewe are in control of our lives” (Para. 10)?PART VI WRITING [45 MIN]Read carefully the following excerpt on term-time holiday arguments in the UK, and then write your response in NO LESS THAN200 words, in which you should:·summarize the main message of the excerpt, and then·comment on whether parents should take children out of school for holiday during termtime in order to save money.You should support yourself with information from the excerpt.Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.—THE END—A. The kind of people suitable for the trip.B. Interests and hobbies of the speakers.C. Recruitment of people for the trip.D. Preparation for the trip to Mars......Conversation TwoWrite your response on ANSWER SHEET THREE.—— THE END ——ANSWER SHEET 1(反面)PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSIONWhat is Grit?My questionsW hy isn’t . the only difference between students?What is the key to(1) ______?(1)______My Researchinvestigation of all kinds of (2)______: including: (2)______— West Point Military Academy—(3) _______ (3)______—private companiesMy finding: grit as predictor of successGrit is(4) ______ for a very long-term goals (4)______Grit is working hard for years to make (5)______ (5)______Grit is living your life like a(6) _____ (6)______My surveyHigh school juniors took grit questionnaires(7)______ kids were more likely to graduate (7)_____Grit-buildinglittle is known about how to build grit in studentsdata show grit is unrelated to (8)_______ (8)____growth mindset is the belief that the ability to learn is (9)_______ (9)____kids with grit believe failure is(10) ______ (10)____ConclusionWe need to be gritty about getting our kinds grittier.TEM 4 SCRIPTPARTⅠDICTATIONListen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 1 minute to check through your work once more. Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.Now listen to the passage.Are you confident or insecure in a difficult situation?Do you react positively or negatively?The answer may depend in part on whom you are around.A study found that negative thinking can be contagious in somecases.For example, the researchers studied 103 college roommates.They measured each roommate’s tendency towards negative thinking.It was found that thinking patterns can be contagious.Students with a negative-thinking roommate became more depressed themselves. And students with more positive thinking roommates were more likely to become more positive as well.The second and third readings. You should begin writing now.The last reading.Now, you have two minutes to check through your work. (a two-minute interval)That is the end of PartⅠ Dictation.2016年4级听写评分标准THINK POSITIVE AND FEEL POSITIVE（标题忽略不计）第一组：Are you confident or insecure in a difficult situation? /Do you react positively or negatively? /The answer may depend in part on whom you're around. /A study found that negative thinking can be contagious in some cases./For example, the researchers studied 103 college roommates. / (45words)第二组：They measured each roommate’s tendency towards negative thinking. / It was found that thinking patterns can be contagious. /Students with a negative-thinking roommate became more depressed themselves. / And students with more positive thinking roommates / were more likely to become more positive as well.(43words)1.听写共分10小节：每节1分，每组评阅五句，每五句为一段。
2016年英语专业四级真题及答案解析
2016年英语专业四级真题及答案解析(1/1)PART I DICTATIONListen to the following passage.Altogether the passage will be read to you four times.During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning.For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds.The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work.You will then be given 1 minute to check through your work once more.Play00:0007:59Volume_______________下一题(1~10/共10题)PART ⅡLISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A TALKIn this section you will hear a talk.You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY.While listening, you may look at ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap.Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable.You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now listen to the talk.When it is over, you will be given TWO minutes to check your work. Play00:0005:20VolumeWhat Is Grit?My questions●Why isn´t I.Q.the only difference between students?●What is the key to__ 1__?My Research●investigation of all kinds of__ 2__, including:—West Point Military Academy—__3__—private companiesMy finding: grit as predictor of success●Grit is__ 4__for very long-term goals.●Grit is working hard for years to make__5__.●Grit is living your life like a__6__.My survey●high school juniors took grit questionnaires●__7__kids were more likely to graduateGrit-building●little is known about how to build grit in students●data show grit is unrelated to__ 8__●growth mindset is the belief that the ability to learn is__ 9__●kids with grit believe failure is__10__ConclusionWe need to be gritty about getting our kids grittier.第1题第2题第3题第4题第5题第6题第7题第8题第9题第10题上一题下一题(11~15/共10题)SECTION B CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear two conversations.At the end of each conversation, five questions will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY.After each question there will be a ten-second pause.During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions.Now listen to the conversations.Play00:0003:33Volume第11题A.To tell the man that he has been shortlisted for interview.B.To ask the man a few questions about his interview.C.To explain to the man how to make a presentation.D.To tell the man the procedure of the interview.第12题A.Questions related to the job.B.General questions about himself.C.Specific questions about his CV.D.Questions about his future plan.第13题A.Questions from the interviewers.B.Questions from the interviewee.C.Presentation from the interviewee.D.Requests from the interviewee.第14题cational and professional background.B.Problems he has faced and solved.C.Major successes in his career so far.pany future and his contribution.第15题A.11 a.m., next Tuesday.B.11 a.m., next Thursday.C.9 a.m., this Tuesday.D.9 a.m., this Thursday.上一题下一题(16~20/共10题)SECTION B CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear two conversations.At the end of each conversation, five questions will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY.After each question there will be a ten-second pause.During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions.Now listen to the conversations.Play00:0004:32Volume第16题A.The disadvantages of college loans.ernment financing in college education.C.How to handle the problem of college loans.D.How college students pay for their education.第17题A.It has increased by 6 to 8%.B.It has increased by 8 to 10%.C.It has decreased by 6 to 8%.D.It has decreased by 8 to 10%.第18题A.Student´s family income.B.First year salary after graduation.C.A fixed amount of 30,000 dollars.D.Payment in the next ten years.第19题A.Students can borrow money first.B.Students pay no tax on savings.C.Students pay less tax after graduation.D.Students withdraw without paying tax.第20题A.Giving up charitable or volunteer work.B.Neglecting their study at college.C.Giving up further education.D.Neglecting high salary in job-seeking.上一题下一题(1/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第21题How can I concentrate if you ______ continually ______ me with silly questions?A.have...interruptedB.are...interruptedC.had...interruptingD.were...interrupting上一题下一题(2/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第22题Among the four sentences below, Sentence ______ expresses the highest degree of possibility.A.It may take a long time to find a solution to the problem.B.It might take a long time to find a solution to the problem.C.It could take a long time to find a solution to the problem.D.It should take a long time to find a solution to the problem.上一题下一题(3/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第23题She is a better speaker than ______ in the class.A.any boyB.the other boysC.other any girlD.all the girls上一题下一题(4/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第24题Nobody heard him sing, ______.A.did oneB.did heC.didn´t theyD.did they上一题下一题(5/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第25题I can´t put up with ______.A.that friend of youB.that friend of yoursC.the friend of youD.the friend of yours上一题下一题(6/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第26题There has been an increasing number of ______ in primary schools in the past few years.A.man teacherB.men teacherC.man teachersD.men teachers上一题下一题(7/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第27题This is one of the issues that deserve ______.A.being mentionedB.mentioningC.to mentionD.for mention上一题下一题(8/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第28题The audience ______ excited on seeing ______ favorite star glide onto the stage.A.were...theirB.were...itsC.was...theirD.was...one´s上一题下一题(9/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第29题______ your advice, I would have made the wrong decision.A.Hadn´t it been forB.Had it not been forC.Had it been forD.Had not it been for上一题下一题(10/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第30题The sentence I wish I had been more careful in spending money expresses the speaker´s ______.A.hopeB.joyC.regretD.relief上一题下一题(11/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第31题The Attorney General ordered a federal autopsy of Brown´s body, seeking to ______ the family and community there would be a thorough investigation into his death.A.ensureB.insureC.assureD.ascertain上一题下一题(12/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第32题The police department came under strong criticism for both the death of an unarmed man and its handling of the ______.A.consequenceB.outcomeC.resultD.aftermath上一题下一题(13/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第33题The Foreign Secretary tried to ______ doubts about his handling of the crisis.A.dispelB.expelC.repelD.quell上一题下一题(14/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第34题Mutual funds are thus best for investors who don´t want to take the time to study stocks in detailor who ______ the resources to build a portfolio.A.depriveckC.yearnD.attain上一题下一题(15/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第35题Chris ran ______ John at a sporting-goods trade show and the two quickly struck ______ an easy rapport.A.into...upB.on...intoC.across...onD.against...into上一题下一题(16/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第36题"I am leaving the country soon," he told a ______ convened group of reporters.A.especiallyB.particularlyC.speciallyD.specifically上一题下一题(17/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第37题Israel and Hamas had reached a deal on extending the ______ ceasefire by an extra 24 hours until Tuesday at midnight.A.contemporaryB.makeshiftC.spontaneousD.temporary上一题下一题(18/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第38题______ to unplugging the alarm clock and trusting your ability to wake on time on your own, you should probably ease yourself into the new arrangement by keeping a very regular schedule forseveral weeks.A.DueB.PriorC.RelatedD.Thanks上一题下一题(19/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第39题If you are an athlete, strong abdominal muscles help you ensure a strong back and freedom from injury during ______ upper-body movement.A.valiantB.variableC.vigilantD.vigorous上一题下一题(20/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第40题Finning is a cruel ______ in which the shark´s fins are lopped off, and the live shark is thrown back to sea.A.realityB.truthC.practiceD.skill上一题下一题Imagine a world without writing.Obviously there would be no books: no novels, no encyclopedias, no cookbooks, no textbooks, no telephone books, no scriptures, no diaries, no travel guides.There would be no ball-points, no typewriters, no computers, no Internet, no magazines, no movie credits, no shopping lists, no newspapers, no tax returns.But such__41__of objects almost miss the point.The world we live in has been indelibly marked by the written word,__42__by the technology of writing over thousands of years.Ancient kings proclaimed their authority and__43__their laws in writing.Scribes administered great empires by writing, their knowledge of recording and retrieving information essential to governing complex societies.Religious traditions were passed on through__44__, and spread to others, in writing.Scientific and technological progress was achieved and__ 45__through writing.Accounts in trade and commerce could be kept because of writing.Nearly every step of civilization has been mediated through writing.A world without writing would bear__46__resemblance to the one we now live in.Writing is a__47__necessity to the societies anthropologists call civilizations.A civilization is distinguished from other societies by the complexity of its social organization, by its construction of cities and large public buildings, and by the economic specialization of its members, many of whom are not__48__involved in food procurement or production.Acivilization, with its taxation and tribute systems, its trade and its public works, requires a__49__system of record keeping.And so the early civilizations of Egypt, China, and (probably) India all developed a system of writing.Only the Peruvian civilization of the Incas and their predecessors did not use writing but__50__invented a system of keeping records on knotted color-coded strings known as quipu.A.amplebinationsC.directlyD.disseminatedE.generationsF.genuinelyG.insteadH.listsI.promulgatedJ.publicizedK.scantL.shapedM.sophisticatedN.transplantedO.virtual第41题：请选择binationsC.directlyD.disseminatedE.generationsF.genuinelyG.insteadH.listsI.promu lgatedJ.publicizedK.scantL.shapedM.sophisticatedN.transplantedO.virtual第43题：请选择binationsC.directlyD.disseminatedE.generationsF.genuinelyG.insteadH.listsI.promu lgatedJ.publicizedK.scantL.shapedM.sophisticatedN.transplantedO.virtual第45题：请选择binationsC.directlyD.disseminatedE.generationsF.genuinelyG.insteadH.listsI.promu lgatedJ.publicizedK.scantL.shapedM.sophisticatedN.transplantedO.virtual第47题：请选择binationsC.directlyD.disseminatedE.generationsF.genuinelyG.insteadH.listsI.promu lgatedJ.publicizedK.scantL.shapedM.sophisticatedN.transplantedO.virtual第49题：请选择binationsC.directlyD.disseminatedE.generationsF.genuinelyG.insteadH.listsI.promu lgatedJ.publicizedK.scantL.shapedM.sophisticatedN.transplantedO.virtual上一题下一题(51~60/共10题)PART ⅤREADING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions.For each multiple-choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D.Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.When I was twenty-seven years old, I was a mining-broker´s clerk in San Francisco, and an expert in all the details of stock traffic.I was alone in the world, and had nothing to depend upon but my wits and a clean reputation; but these were setting my feet in the road to eventual fortune, and I was content with the prospect.My time was my own after the afternoon board, Saturdays, and I was accustomed to putting it in on a little sail-boat on the bay.One day I ventured too far, and was carried out to sea.Just at nightfall, when hope was about gone, I was picked up by a small ship which was bound for London.It was a long and stormy voyage, and they made me work my passage without pay, as a common sailor.When I stepped ashore in London my clothes were ragged and shabby, and I had only a dollar in my pocket.This money fed and sheltered me twenty-four hours.During the next twenty-four I went without food and shelter.About ten o´clock on the following morning, dirty and hungry, I was dragging myself along Portland Place, when a child that was passing, towed by a nurse-maid, tossed a big pear—minus one bite—into the gutter.I stopped, of course, and fastened my desiring eye on that muddy treasure.My mouth watered for it, my stomach craved it, my whole being begged for it.But every time I made a move to get it some passing eye detected my purpose, and of course I straightened up then, and looked indifferent and pretended that I hadn´t been thinking about the pear atall.This same thing kept happening and happening, and I couldn´t get the pear.I was just getting desperate enough to brave all the shame, and to seize it, when a window behind me was raised, and a gentleman spoke out of it, saying: "Step in here, please."I was admitted by a man servant, and shown into a sumptuous room where a couple of elderly gentlemen were sitting.They sent away the servant, and made me sit down.They had just finished their breakfast, and the sight of the remains of it almost overpowered me.I could hardly keep my wits together in the presence of that food, but as I was not asked to sample it, I had to bear my trouble as best as I could.Now, something had been happening there a little before, which I did not know anything about until a good many days afterwards, but I will tell you about it now.Those two old brothers had been having a pretty hot argument a couple of days before, and had ended by agreeing to decide it by a bet, which is the English way of settling everything.You will remember that the Bank of England once issued two notes of a million pounds each, to be used for a special purpose connected with some public transaction with a foreign country.For some reason or other only one of these had been used and canceled; the other still lay in the vaults of the Bank.Well, the brothers chatting along, happened to get to wondering what might be the fate of a perfectly honest and intelligent stranger who should be turned adrift in London without a friend, and with no money but that million-pound bank-note, and no way to account for his being in possession of it.Brother A said he would starve to death; Brother B said he wouldn´t.Brother A said he couldn´t offer it at a bank or anywhere else, because he would be arrested on the spot.So they went on disputing till Brother B said he would bet twenty thousand pounds that the man would live thirty days, anyway, on that million, and keep out of jail, too.Brother A look him up.Brother B went down to the Bank and bought that note.Then he dictated a letter, which one of his clerks wrote out a beautiful round hand, and then the two brothers sat at the window a whole day watching for the right man to give it to.I finally became the pick of them.PASSAGE TWOThe concept of peace is a very important one in cultures all over the world.Think about how we greet people.In some languages, the phrases for greetings contain the word for peace.In some cultures we greet people by shaking hands or with another gesture to show that we are not carrying weapons—that we come in peace.And there are certain symbols which people in very different cultures recognize as representing peace.Let´s look at a few of them.The doveThe dove has been a symbol of peace and innocence for thousands of years in many different cultures.In ancient Greek mythology it was a symbol of love and the renewal of life.In ancient Japan a dove carrying a sword symbolized the end of war.There was a tradition in Europe that if a dove flew around a house where someone was dying then their soul would be at peace.And there are legends which say that the devil can turn himself into any bird except for a dove.In Christian art, the dove was used to symbolize the Holy Ghost and was often painted above Christ´s head.But it was Pablo Picasso who made the dove a modem symbol of peace when he used it on a poster for the World Peace Congress in 1949.The rainbowThe rainbow is another ancient and universal symbol, often representing the connection。
专四2016年英语专业四级真题和答案
专四2016年英语专业四级真题和答案2016年英语专业四级考试真题试卷（含听力和原文）第一部分：真题试卷TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS(2016)-GRADE FOUR-TIME LIMIT: 130 MIN PART ⅠDICTATION [10 MIN] Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third reading, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given ONE minute to check through your work once more.Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.音频：关注公众号“超能资料库”回复关键词“专四”获取免费音频PART ⅡLISTENING COMPERHESION [20 MIN] SECTION A TALKIn this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at the task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now listen to the talk. When it is over, you will be given TWO minutes to check your work.SECTION B CONVERSATINSIn this section you will hear two conversations. At the end of each conversation, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversations and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of [A], [B], [C] and [D], and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions.Now listen to the conversations.Conversation One1.[A] To tell the man that he has been shortlisted for interview.[B]To ask the man a few questions about his interview.[C]To explain to the man how to make a presentation.[D]T o tell the man the procedure of the interview.2.[A] Questions related to the job.[B]General questions about himself.[C]Specific questions about his CV.[D]Questions about his future plan.3.[A] Questions from the interviewers.[B]Questions from the interviewee.[C]Presentation from the interviewee.[D]Requests from the interviewee.4.[A] Educational and professional background.[B]Problems be has faced and solved.[C]Major successes in his career so far.[D]Company future and his contribution.5.[A] 11 a. m., next Tuesday. [B] 11 a. m., next Thursday.[C] 9 a. m., this Tuesday. [D] 9 a. m., this Thursday.Conversation Two6.[A] The disadvantages of college loans.[B]Government financing in college education.[C]How to handle the problem of college loans.[D]How college students pay for their education.7.[A] It has increased by 6 to 8%.[B]It has increased by 8 to 10%.[C]It has decreased by 6 to 8%.[D]It has decreased by 8 to 10%.8.[A] Student’s family income.[B]First year salary after graduation.[C]A fixed amount of 30,000 dollars.[D]Payment in the next ten years.9.[A] Students can borrow money first.[B]Students pay no tax on savings.[C]Students pay less tax after graduation.[D]Students withdraw without paying tax.10.[A] Giving up charitable or volunteer work.[B]Neglecting their study at college.[C]Giving up further education.[D]Neglecting high salary in job-seeking.PART ⅢLANGUAGE USAGE [10 MIN] There are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four options marked [A]. [B], [C] and [D]. Choose one word phrase that best completes the sentence.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.11.How can I concentrate if you continually me with silly questions?[A] have… interrupted [B] had… inter rupted[C] are… interrupting[D] were… interrupting12.A mong the four sentences below, Sentence express the highest degree of possibility.[A]It may take a long time to find a solution to the problem.[B]It might take a long time to find a solution to the problem.[C]It could take a long time to find a solution to the problem.[D]It should take a long time to find a solution to the problem.13.She is a better speaker than in the class.[A] any boy [B] the other boys [C] other any girl [D] all the girls14.Nobody heard him sing, ?[A] did one [B] did he [C] didn’t they [D] did they15.I can’t put up with .[A]that friend of you [B] that friend of yours[C] the friend of you [D] the friend of yours16.There has been an increasing number of in primary schools in past few years.[A]man teacher [B] men teacher [C] man teachers [D] men teachers17.This is one of the issues that deserve .[A] being mentioned [B] mentioning [C] to mention [D] for mention18.The audience excited on seeing favorite star glide onto the stage.[A] were… their [B] were… its [C] was… their [D] was… one’s19. your advice, I would have made the wrong decision.A. ample F. genuinely K. scantB. combinationsG. insteadL. shapedC. directlyD. disseminatedH. lists I. promulgatedM. sophisticated N. transplantedE. generationsJ. publicizedO. virtual[A] Hadn’t it been for [B] Had it not been for[C] Had it been for [D] Had not it been for20.The sentence I wish I had been more careful in spending money express the speaker’s.[A]hope [B] joy [C] regret [D] relief21.T he Attorney General ordered a federal autopsy of Brown’s body, seeking to the family and community there would be a thorough investigation into his death.[A]ensure [B] insure [C] assure [D] ascertain22.T he police department came under strong criticism for both the death of an unarmed and its handling of the .[A]consequence [B] outcome [C] result [D] aftermath23.The Foreign Secretary tried to doubts about his handling of the crisis.[A] dispel [B] expel [C] repel [D] quell24.Mutual funds are thus best for investors who don’t want to take the time to study stocks in detail or whothe resources to build a portfolio.[A]deprive [B] lack [C] yearn [D] attain25.Chris ran John at a sporting-goods trade show and the two quickly struck an easy rapport.[A]into…up[B] on…into[C] across…on[D] against…into26.“I’m leaving the country soon,” he told a convened group of reporters.[A] especially [B] particularly [C] specially [D] specifically27.Israel and Hamas had reached a deal on extending the ceasefire by an extra 24 hours until Tuesday at midnight.[A]contemporary [B] makeshift [C] spontaneous [D] temporary28.to unplugging the alarm clock and trusting your ability to wake on time on your own, you should probably ease yourself into the new arrangement by keeping a very regular schedule for several weeks.[A]Due [B] Prior [C] Related [D] Thanks29.I f you are an athlete, strong abdominal muscles help you ensure a strong back and freedom from injury during upper-body movement.[A]valiant [B] variable [C] vigilant [D] vigorous30.F inning is a cruel in which the shark’s fins are lopped off, and the live shark is thrown back to sea.[A]reality [B] truth [C] practice [D] skillPART ⅣCLOZE [10 MIN] Decide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blank. The words can be used ONCE ONLY. Mark the letter for each word on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Imagine a world without writing. Obviously there would be no books: no novels, no encyclopedias, no cookbooks, no textbooks, no telephone books, no scriptures, no diaries, no travel guides. There would be no ball-points, no typewriters, no computers, no Internet, no magazines, no movie credits, no shopping lists, no newspapers, no tax returns. But such (31) of subjects almost miss the point. The world we live in has been indelibly marked by the written word, (32) by the technology of writing over thousands of years. Ancient kingsproclaimed their authority and (33) their laws in writing. Scribes administered great empires by writing, their knowledge of recording and retrieving information essential to governing complex societies. Religious traditions were passed on through (34) , and spread to others, in writing. Scientific and technological progress was achieved and (35) through writing. Accounts in trade and commerce could be kept because of writing. Nearly every step of civilization has been mediated through writing. A world without writing would bear (36) resemblance to the one we now live in. Writing is a (37) necessity to the societies anthropologists call civilizations. A civilization is distinguished from other societies by the complexity of its social organization, by its construction of cities and large public buildings, and by the economic specialization of its members, many of whom are not (38) involved in food procurement or production. A civilization, with its taxation and tribute systems, its trade and its public works, requires a (39) system of record keeping. And so the early civilizations of Egypt, China, and (probably) India all developed a system of writing. Only the Peruvian civilization of the Incas and their predecessors did not use writing but (40) invented a system of keeping records on knotted color-coded strings known as quipu.PART ⅤREADING COMPREHENSION [35MIN] SECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE(1)When I was twenty-seven years old, I was a mining-broker’s cle rk in San Francisco, and an expert in all the details of stock traffic. I was alone in the world, and had nothing to depend upon but my wits and a clean reputation; but these were setting my feet in the road to eventual fortune, and I was content with the prospect. My time was my own after the afternoon board, Saturdays, and I was accustomed to putting it in on a little sail-boat on the bay. One day I ventured too far, and was carried out to sea. Just at nightfall, when hope was about gone, I was picked up by a small ship which was bound for London. It was a long and stormy voyage, and they made me work my passage without pay, as a common sailor. When I stepped ashore in London my clothes were ragged and shabby, and I had only a dollar in my pocket. This money fed and sheltered me twenty-four hours. During the next twenty-four I went without food and shelter.(2)About ten o’clock on the following morning, dirty and hungry, I was dragging myself along Portland Place, when a child that was passing, towed by a nurse-maid, tossed a big pear—minus one bite—into the gutter. I stopped, of course, and fastened my desiring eye on that muddy treasure. My mouth watered for it, my stomach craved it, my whole being begged for it. But every time I made a move to get it some passing eye detected my purpose, and of course I straightened up then, and looked ind ifferent and pretended that I hadn’t been thinking about the pear at all. This same thing kept happening and happening, and I couldn’t get the pear.(3)I was just getting desperate enough to brave all the shame, and to seize it, when a window behind me was raised, and a gentleman spoke out of it, saying: “ Step in here,please.”(4)I was admitted by a man servant, and shown into a sumptuous room where a couple of elderly gentlemen were sitting. They sent away the servant, and made me sit down. They had just finished their breakfast, and the sight of the remains of it almost overpowered me. I could hardly keep my wits together in the presence of that food, but as I was not asked to sample it,I had to bear my trouble as best as I could.(5)Now, something had been happening there a little before, which I did not know anything about until a good many days afterwards, but I will tell you about it now. Those two old brothers had been having a pretty hot argument a couple of days before, and had ended by agreeing to decide it by a bet, which is the English way ofsettling everything.(6)You will remember that the Bank of England once issued two notes of a million pounds each, to be used for a special purpose connected with some public transaction with a foreign country. For some reason or other only one of these had been used and canceled; the other still lay in the vaults of the Bank. Well, the brothers chatting along, happened to get to wondering what might be the fate of a perfectly honest and intelligent stranger who should be turned adrift in London without a friend, and with no money but that million-pound bank-note, and no way to account for his being in possession of it. Brother A said he would starve to death; Brother B said he wouldn’t. Brother A said he coul dn’t offer it at a bank or anywhere else, because he would be arrested on t he spot. So they went on disputing till Brother B said he would bet twenty thousand pounds that the man would live thirty days, anyway, on that million, and keep out of jail, too. Brother A took him up. Brother B went down to theBank and bought that note. Then he dictated a letter, which one of his clerks wrote out in a beautiful round hand, and then the two brothers sat at the window a whole day watching for the right man to give it to.(7)I finally became the pick of them.41.In Para. 1, the phrase “set my feet” probably means .A. put me asideB. prepare meC. let me walkD. start my journey42.It can be concluded from Para. 2 that .A.the man wanted to maintain dignity though starvedB.the man could not get a proper chance to eat the pearC.the man did not really want the pear since it was dirtyD.it was very difficult for the man to get the pear/doc/5615631332.html,pared with Brother A, Brother B was more towards the effect of the one-million-pound bank-note on a total strange.A.neutralB. negativeC. reservedD. positivePASSAGE TWO(1)The concept of peace is a very important one in cultures all over the world. Think about how we greet people. In some language, the phrases for greetings contain the word for peace. In some cultures we greet people by shaking hands or with another gesture to show that we are not carrying weapons —that we come in peace. And there are certain symbols which people in very different cu ltures recognize as representing peace. Let’slook at a few of them.The dove(2)The dove has been a symbol of peace and innocence for thousands of years in many different cultures. In ancient Greek mythology it was a symbol of love and the renewal of life. In ancient Japan a dove carrying a sword symbolized the end of war.(3)There was a tradition in Europe that if dove flew around a house where someone was dying then their soul would be at peace. And there are legends which say that devil can turn himself into any bird except for a dove. In Christian art, the dove was used to symbolized the Holy Ghost and was often p ainted above Christ’s head.(4)But it was Pablo Picasso who made the dove a modern symbol of peace when he used it on a poster for the World Peace Congress in 1949.The rainbow(5)The rainbow is another ancient and universal symbol, often representing the connection between human beings and their gods. In Greek mythology it was associated with Iris, the goddess who brought messages from the gods on Mount Olympus. In Scandinavian mythology the rainbow was a bridge between the gods and the earth. In the Bible a rainbow showed Noah that the Biblical flood was finally over, and that God had forgiven his people. In the Chinese tradition, the rainbow is a common symbol for marriage because the colours represent the union of yin and yang. Nowadays the rainbow is used by many popular movements for peace and the environment, representingthe possibility of a better world in the future and promising sunshine after rain.Mistletoe(6)This plant was sacred in many cultures, generally representing peace and love. Most people know of the tradition of kissing under the mistletoe at Christmas time, which probably comes from Scandinavian mythology. The goddess Freya’s son was killed by an arrow made of mistletoe, so, in honour of him, she declared that it would always be a symbol of peace. It was often hung in doorways as a sign of friendship.(7)The ancient Druids believed that hanging mistletoe in your doorway could protect you from evil spirits. Tribes would stop fighting for a period of time if they found a tree with mistletoe. But you will never see mistletoe in a Christian church —it is banned because of its associations with pagan religion and superstition.The olive branch(8)The olive tree has always been a valuable source of food and oil. In Greek mythology, the goddess Athena gave the olive tree to the people of Athens, who showed their gratitude by naming the city after her. But no one knows for sure when or why it began to symbolize peace. There is probably a connection with ancient Greece. Wars between states were suspended during the Olympics Games, and the winners were given crowns of olive branches. The symbolism may come from the fact that the olive tree takes a long time to produce fruit, so olives could only be cultivated successfully in long periods of peace. Whatever the history, the olive branch is a part of many modern flags symbolizing peace and unity. One well-known example is the United Nations symbol.The ankh(9)The ankh is an ancient symbol which was adopted by thehippie movement in the 1960s to represent peace and love. It was found in many Asian cultures, but is generally associated with ancient Egypt. It represented life and immortality. Egyptians were buried with an ankh, so that they could continue to live in the “afterworld”. The symbol was also found alon g the sides of the Nile, which gave life to the people. They believed that the ankh could control the flow of the river and make sure that there was always enough water.44.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A.Concept of Peace.B. Popular Peace Symbols.C. Origin of Peace Symbols.D. Cultural Difference of Peace.45.The rainbow represents the connection between human beings and their gods in all the following countries EXCEPT .A.SwedenB. GreeceC. FinlandD. China46.In North Europe mistletoe was often hung in doorways to indicate .A.friendshipB. loveC. kinshipD. honour47.The origin of the ankh can date back to .A.the NileB. the “afterword”C. the hippie movementD. ancient EgyptPASSAGE THREE(1)Two sides almost never change: That you can manipulate people into self-sufficiency and that you can punish them into good citizenship.(2)The first manifests itself in our tireless search for the magical level at which welfare grants are big enough to meet basic needs but small enough to make low-paid work attractive. The second has us looking to the criminal justice system to cure behavior that is as much as anything the result of despair.(3)The welfare example is well known. We don’t want poor people to live in squalor or their children to be malnourished. But we also don’t want to subsidize the indolence of people who are too lazy to work. The first impulse leads us to provide housing, food stamps, medical care and a cash stipend for families in need. The second gets us to think abo ut “workforce”.(4)We’ve been thinking about it for two reasons: the “nanny” pro blems of two high-ranking government officials (who hired undocumented foreigners as household helpers, presumably because they couldn’t findAmericans to do the work) and Pre sident Clinton’s proposal to put a two-year limit on welfare.(5)Maybe something useful will come of Clinton’s idea, but I’m not all that hopeful. It looks to me like one more example of trying to manipulate people into taking care of themselves.(6)On the criminal justice side, we hope to make punishment tough enough to discourage crime but not so tough as to clog our prisons with relatively minor offenders. Too short a sentence, we fear, will create contempt for the law. Too long a sentence will take up costly space better used for the violent and unremorseful.(7)Not only can we never find the “perfect” punishment,our search for optimum penalties is complicated by our desire for fairness: to let the punishment fit the crime. The problem is that almost any punishment—even the disgrace of being charged with a crime—is sufficient to deter the middle class, while for members of the underclass, probation may be translated as “I beat it”.(8)So how can you use the system —welfare or criminal justice —to produce the behavior we want? The answer, I suspect is: You can’t.(9)We keep trying to use welfare and prison to change people—to make them think and behave the way we do —when the truth is the incentives work only for those who already think the way we do: who view today’s action with an eye on the future.(10)We will take lowly work (if that is all that’s available) because we believe we can make bad jobs work for us. We avoid crime not because we are better people but because we see getting caught as a future-wrecking disaster. We are guided by a belief that good things will happen for us in the future if we take proper care of the present. Even under the worst of circumstances, we believe we are in control of our lives.(11)And we have trouble understanding that not everybody believes as we believe. The welfare rolls, the prison and the mean street of our cities are full of people who have given up on their future. Without hope for the future, hard work at a low-paid job makes no sense. Working hard in school, or pleasing a boss, or avoiding pregnancy makes no sense. The deadly disease is hopelessness. The lawlessness and poverty are only the obvious symptoms.(12)I’m not advocating that we stop looking for incentivesto move poor people toward self-sufficiency or that we stop punishing people for criminal behavior. There will always be some people who need help and some who deserve to be in jail.(13)All I’m saying is that the long-term answer both to welfare and the crime that plagues our communities is not to fine tune the welfare and criminal justice systems but to prevent our children from getting the disease of despair.(14)If we encourage our young people to believe in the future, and give them solid evidence for believing, we’ll find both crime and poverty shrinking to manag eable proportions.48.What is the author’s attitude towards Clinton’s proposal to welfare?A.Pessimistic.B. Optimistic.C. Suspicious.D. Sarcastic.49.It can be inferred from Para. 7 that optimum penalties are to the underclass.A.hopelessB. uselessC. frighteningD. humiliating50.Which of the following is the most appropriate title for the passage?A. Lawlessness and Poverty.B. Criminal Justice System.C. Welfare Grants.D. Disease of Despair.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are five short answer questions based onthe passages in Section A. Answer the questions with NO more than TEN words in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE51.In Para. 4, what does the man mean by saying “I had to bear my trouble”?52.What can be inferred from the last sentence of the passage?PASSAGE TWO53.Why does the UN use the olive branch in its symbol?PASSAGE THREE54.According to the author, what balance should we keep in welfare?55.What does the author mean b y saying “Even under the worst of circumstances, we believe we are in control of our lives” (Para.10)?PART ⅥWRITING [45MIN]Read carefully the following excerpt on term-time holiday arguments in the UK, and then write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 words, in which you should:summarize the main message of the excerpt, and thencomment on whether parents should take children out of school for holiday during term time in order to save money.You should support yourself with information from the excerpt.Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Term-time holidays will be bannedParents are to be banned by Michael Gove, UK’s Edu cation Secretary, from taking their children out of school to save moneyon holidays.He is to abolish the right of head teacher to “authorise absence” from the classroom, which has been used to let families take term-time breaks, and will warn them they face fines for their children not being at school.“Any time out of school has the potential to damage a child’s education,” a senior source at the Department for Education said this weekend. “That is why the government will end the distinction between authorised and unauthorised absence.”“This is part of the government’s wider commitment to bring down truancy levels in our schools. There will also be stricter penalties for parents and schools.”The tough measures on truancy are part of a wider attempt by Mr. Gove to make education more academically rigorous and to tackle a cultu re in the educational establishment which he believes has accepted “excuses for failure”.Russell Hobby, the general secretary of the National Association of Head Teachers, said the measure would discourage parents from trying to put pressure on heads to sanction term-time holiday. “ The high cost of holidays outside of term time is still an issue but ultimately a child’s education is more important than a holiday,” he said.Write your response on ANSWER SHEET THREE.—THE END—PART ⅡLISTENING COMPRENSIONSECTION A TALK下列各题必须使用黑色字迹签字笔在答题区域内作答，超出红色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效。
2016年英语专业四级真题与题解
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2016)—GRADE FOUR—TIME LIMIT: 130 MINPART I DICTATION[10 MIN]Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more.Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION [20 MIN]SECTION A TALKIn this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at the task on the ANSWER SHEETONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now, listen to the talk. When it is over, you will be given TWO minutes to check your work.SECTION B CONVERSATIONSIn this section, you will hear two conversations. At the end of the conversion, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions.Now, listen to the conversations.Conversation OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on Conversation One.1. A. To tell the man that he has been shortlisted for interview.B. To ask the man a few questions about his interview.C. To tell the man the procedure of the interview.D. To explain to the man how to make a presentation.2. A. Questions related to the job.B. General questions about himself.C. Specific questions about his CV.D. Questions about his future plan.3. A. Questions from the interviewers.B. Questions from the interviewee.C. Presentation from the interviewee.D. Requests from the interviewee.4. A. Educational and professional background.B. Problems he has faced and solved.C. Major successes in his career so far.D. Company future and his contribution.5. A. 11 a.m., next Tuesday.B. 11 a.m., next Thursday.C. 9 a.m., this Tuesday.D. 9 a.m., this Thursday.Conversation TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on Conversation Two.6. A. How college students pay for their education.B. How to handle the problem of college loans.C. The disadvantage of college loans.D. Government financing in college education.7. A. It has increased by 6 to 8%.B. It has increased by 8 to 10%.C. It has decreased by 6 to 8%.D. It has decreased by 8 to 10%.8. A. Student’s family income.B. First year salary after graduation.C. A fixed amount of 30, 000 dollars.D. Payment in the next ten years.9. A. Students can borrow money first.B. Students pay no tax on savings.C. Students pay less tax after graduation.D. Students withdraw without paying tax.10. A. Giving up charitable or volunteer work.B. Neglecting their study at college.C. Giving up further education.D. Neglecting high salary in job-seeking.PART III LANGUAGE USAGE [10 MIN] There are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on Answer Sheet Two.11. How can I concentrate if you __________ continually __________ me with silly questions?A. have… interruptedB. had… interruptedC. are… interruptingD. were… interrupting12. Among the four sentences below, Sentence __________ express the highest degree of possibility.A. It may take a long time to find a solution to the problem.B. It might take a long time to find a solution to the problem.C. It could take a long time to find a solution to the problem.D. It should take a long time to find a solution to the problem.13. She is a better speaker than __________ in the class.A. all the girlsB. the other boysC. other any girlD. any boy14. Nobody heard him sing, __________?A. did theyB. did heC. didn’t theyD. did one15. I can’t put up with __________.A. that friend of youB. that friend of yoursC. the friend of youD. the friend of yours16. There has been an increasing number of __________ in primary schools in past few years.A. man teacherB. men teacherC. man teachersD. men teachers17. This is one of the issues that deserve __________.A. mentioningB. being mentionedC. to mentionD. for mention18. The audience __________ excited on seeing__________ favorite star glide onto the stage.A. were… itsB. were… theirC. was… theirD. was… one’s19. __________ your advice, I would have made the wrong decision.A. Hadn’t it been forB. Had it not been forC. Had it been forD. Had not it been for20. The sentence I wish I had been more careful in spending money express the speaker’s __________.A. hopeB. joyC. regretD. relief21. The Attorney General ordered a federal autopsy of Brown’s body, seeking to __________ the family andcommunity there would be a thorough investigation into his death.A. ensureB. assureC. insureD. ascertain22. The police department came under strong criticism for both the death of an unarmed and its handling of the__________.A. consequenceB. outcomeC. resultD. aftermath23. The Foreign Secretary tried to __________ doubts about his handling of the crisis.A. dispelB. expelC. repelD. quell24. Mutual funds are thus best for investors who don’t want to take the time to study stocks in detail or who__________ the resources to build a portfolio.A. depriveB. lackC. yearnD. attain25. Chris ran __________ John at a sporting-goods trade show and the two quickly struck __________ an easyrapport.A. into…upB. on…intoC. across…onD. against…into26. “I’m leaving the country soon,” he told a __________ convened group of reporters.A. especiallyB. particularlyC. speciallyD. specifically27. Israel and Hamas had reached a deal on extending the __________ ceasefire by an extra 24 hours until Tuesdayat midnight.A. contemporaryB. makeshiftC. spontaneousD. temporary28. __________ to unplugging the alarm clock and trusting your ability to wake on time on your own, you shouldprobably ease yourself into the new arrangement by keeping a very regular schedule for several weeks.A. DueB. PriorC. RelatedD. Thanks29. If you are an athlete, strong abdominal muscles help you ensure a strong back and freedom from injury during__________upper-body movement.A. valiantB. variableC. vigorousD. vigilant30. Finning is a cruel __________ in which the shark’s fins are lopped off, and the live shark is thrown back to sea.A. realityB. truthC. skillD. practicePART IV CLOZE[10 MIN]Decide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blank. The words can be used ONCE ONLY. Mark the letter for each word on ANSWER SHEET TWO.A. ampleB. combinationsC. directlyD. disseminatedE. generationsF. genuinelyG. insteadH. listsI. promulgatedJ. publicizedK. scant L. shaped M. sophisticated N. transplanted O. virtualImagine a world without writing. Obviously there would be no books: no novels, no encyclopedias, no cookbooks, no textbooks, no telephone books, no scriptures, no diaries, no travel guides. There would be no ball-points, no typeswriters, no computers, no Internet, no magazines, no movie credits, no shopping lists, no newspapers, no tax returns. But such __________ (31) of subjects almost miss the point. The world we live in has been indelibly marked by the written word, __________ (32) by the technology of writing over thousands of years. Ancient kings proclaimed their authority and __________ (33) their laws in writing. Scribes administered great empires by writing, their knowledge of recording and retrieving information essential to governing complex societies. Religious traditions were passed on through __________ (34), and spread to others, in writing. Scientific and technological progress was achieved and __________ (35) through writing. Accounts in trade and commerce could be kept because of writing. Nearly every step of civilization has been mediated through writing. A world without writing would bear __________ (36) resemblance to the one we now live in. Writing is a __________ (37) necessity to the societies anthropologists call civilizations. A civilization is distinguished from other societies by the complexity of its social organization, by its construction of cities and large public buildings, and by the economic specialization of its members, many of whom are not __________ (38) involved in food procurement or production. A civilization, with its taxation and tribute systems, its trade, and its public works, requires a __________ (39) system of record keeping. And so the early civilizations of Egypt, China, and (probably) India all developed a system of writing. Only the Peruvian civilization of the Incas and their predecessors did not use writing but __________ (40) invented a system of keeping records on knotted color-coded strings known as quipu.PART V READING COMPREHENSION [35 MIN] SECTION A MUTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE(1)When I was twenty-seven years old, I was a mining-broker’s clerk in San Francisco, and an expert in all the details of stock traffic, I was alone in the world, and had nothing to depend upon but my wits and a clean reputation;but these were setting my feet in the road to eventual fortune, and I was content with the prospect. My time was my own after the afternoon board, Saturdays, and I was accustomed to putting it in on a little sail-boat on the bay. One day I ventured too far, and was carried out to sea. Just at nightfall, when hope was about gone, I was picked up by a small ship which was bound for London. It was a long and stormy voyage, and they made me work my passage without pay, as a common sailor. When I stepped ashore in London my clothes were ragged and shabby, and I had only a dollar in my pocket. This money fed and sheltered me twenty-four hours. During the next twenty-four I went without food and shelter.(2)About ten o’clock on the following morning, dirty and hungry, I was dragging myself along Portland Place, when a child that was passing, towed by a nurse-maid, tossed a big pear——minus one bite——into the gutter. I stopped, of course, and fastened my desiring eye on that muddy treasure. My mouth watered for it, my stomach craved it, my whole being begged for it. But every time I made a move to get it some passing eye detected my purpose, and of course I straightened up then, and looked indifferent and pretended that I hadn’t been thinking about the pear at all. This same thing kept happening and happening, and I couldn’t get the pear.(3)I was just getting desperate enough to brave all the shame, and to seize it, when a window behind me was raised, and a gentleman spoke out of it, saying: “ Step in here, please.”(4)I was admitted by a man servant, and shown into a sumptuous room where a couple of elderly gentlemen were sitting. They sent away the servant, and made me sit down. They had just finished their breakfast, and the sight of the remains of it almost overpowered me. I could hardly keep my wits together in the presence of that food, but asI was not asked to sample it, I had to bear my trouble as best as I could.(5)Now, something had been happening there a little before, which I did not know anything about until a good many days afterwards, but I will tell you about it now. Those two old brothers had been having a pretty hot argument a couple of days before, and had ended by agreeing to decide it by a bet, which is the English way of settling everything.(6)You will remember that the Bank of England once issued two notes of a million pounds each, to be used fora special purpose connected with some public transaction with a foreign country. For some reason or other only one of these had been used and canceled; the other still lay in the vaults of the Bank. Well, the brothers, chatting along, happened to get to wondering what might be the fate of a perfectly honest and intelligent stranger who should be turned adrift in London without a friend, and with no money but that million-pound bank-note, and no way to account for his being in possession of it. Brother A said he would starve to death; Brother B said he wouldn’t. Brother A said he couldn’t offer it at a bank or anywhere else, because he would be arrested on the spot. So they went on disputing till Brother B said he would bet twenty thousand pounds that the man would live thirty days, anyway, on that million, and keep out of jail, too. Brother A took him up. Brother B went down to the Bank and bought that note. Then he dictated a letter, which one of his clerks wrote out in a beautiful round hand, and then the two brothers sat at the window a whole day watching for the right man to give it to.(7)I finally became the pick of it.41. In Para. 1, the phrase “set my feet” probably means __________.A. put me asideB. start my journeyC. prepare meD. let me walk42. It can be concluded from Para. 2 that __________.A. the man wanted to maintain dignity though starvedB. the man could not get a proper chance to eat the pearC. The man did not really want the pear since it was dirtyD. it was very difficult for the man to get the pear43. Compared with Brother A, Brother B was more __________ towards the effect of theone-million-pound bank-note on a total strange.A. neutralB. negativeC. reservedD. positivePASSAGE TWO(1)The concept of peace is a very important one in cultures all over the world. Think about how we greet people. In some language, the phrases for greetings contain the word for peace. In some cultures we greet people by shaking hands or with another gesture to show that we are not carrying weapons --- that we come in peace. And there are certain symbols which people in very different cultures recognize as representing peace. Let’s look at a few of them.The dove(2)The dove has been a symbol of peace and innocence for thousands of years in many different cultures. In ancient Greek mythology it was a symbol of love and the renewal of life. In ancient Japan a dove carrying a sword symbolized the end of war.(3)There was a tradition in Europe that if dove flew around a house where someone was dying then their soul would be at peace. And there are legends which say that devil can turn himself into any bird except for a dove. InChristian art, the dove was used to symbolized the Holy Ghost and was often painted above Christ’s head.(4)But it was Pablo Picasso who made the dove a modern symbol of peace when he used it on a poster for the World Peace Congress in 1949.The rainbow(5)The rainbow is another ancient and universal symbol, often representing the connection between human beings and their gods. In Greek mythology it was associated with Iris, the goddess who brought messages from the gods on Mount Olympus. In Scandinavian mythology the rainbow was a bridge between the gods and the earth. In the Bible a rainbow showed Noah that the Biblical flood was finally over, and that God had forgiven his people. In the Chinese tradition, the rainbow is a common symbol for marriage because the colours represent the union of yin and yang. Nowadays the rainbow is used by many popular movements for peace and the environment, representing the possibility of a better world in the future and promising sunshine after rain.Mistletoe(6)This plant was sacred in many cultures, generally representing peace and love. Most people know of the tradition of kissing under the mistletoe at Christmas time, which probably comes from Scandinavian mythology. The goddess Freya’s son was killed by an arrow made of mistletoe, so, in honour of him, she declared that it would always be a symbol of peace. It was often hung in doorways as a sign of friendship.(7)The ancient Druids believed that hanging mistletoe in your doorway could protect you from evil spirits. Tribes would stop fighting for a period of time if they found a tree with mistletoe. But you will never see mistletoe in a Christian church - it is banned because of its associations with pagan religion and superstition.The olive branch(8)The olive tree has always been a valuable source of food and oil. In Greek mythology, the goddess Athena gave the olive tree to the people of Athens, who showed their gratitude by naming the city after her. But no one knows for sure when or why it began to symbolize peace. There is probably a connection with ancient Greece. Wars between states were suspended during the Olympics Games, and the winners were given crowns of olive branches. The symbolism may come from the fact that the olive tree takes a long time to produce fruit, so olives could only be cultivated successfully in long periods of peace. Whatever the history, the olive branch is a part of many modern flags symbolizing peace and unity. One well-known example is the United Nations symbol.The ankh(9)The ankh is an ancient symbol which was adopted by the hippie movement in the 1960s to represent peace and love. It was found in many Asian cultures, but is generally associated with ancient Egypt. It represented life and immortality. Egyptians were buried with an ankh, so that they could continue to live in the “afterworld”. The symbol was also found along the sides of the Nile, which gave life to the people. They believed that the ankh could control the flow of the river and make sure that there was always enough water.44.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. Concept of Peace.B. Origin of Peace Symbols.C. Popular Peace Symbols.D. Cultural Difference of Peace.45.The rainbow represents the connection between human beings and their gods in all thefollowing countries EXCEPT __________.A. SwedenB. GreeceC. FinlandD. China46.In North Europe mistletoe was often hung in doorways to indicate __________.A. friendshipB. loveC. kinshipD. honour47.The origin of the ankh can date back to __________.A. the NileB. the “afterword”C. the hippie movementD. ancient EgyptPASSAGE THREE(1)Two sides almost never change: That you can manipulate people into self-sufficiency and that you can punish them into good citizenship.(2)The first manifests itself in our tireless search for the magical level at which welfare grants are big enough to meet basic needs but small enough to make low-paid work attractive. The second has us looking to the criminal justice system to cure behavior that is as much as anything the result of despair.(3)The welfare example is well known. We don’t want poor people to live in squalor or their children to bemalnourished. But we also don’t want to subsidize the indolence of people who are too lazy to work. The first impulse leads us to provide housing, food stamps, medical care and a cash stipend for families in need. The second gets us to think about “workforce”.(4)We’ve been thinking about it for two reasons: the “nanny”problems of two high-ranking government officials (who hired undocumented foreigners as household helpers, presumably because they couldn’t find Americans to do the work) and President Clinton’s proposal to put a two-year limit on welfare.(5)Maybe something useful will come of Clinton’s idea, but I’m not all that hopeful. It looks to me like one more example of trying to manipulate people into taking care of themselves.(6)On the criminal justice side, we hope to make punishment tough enough to discourage crime but not so tough as to clog our prisons with relatively minor offenders. Too short a sentence, we fear, will create contempt for the law. Too long a sentence will take up costly space better used for the violent and unremorseful.(7)Not only can we never find the “perfect” punishment, our search for optimum penalties is complicated by our desire for fairness: to let the punishment fit the crime. The problem is that almost any punishment --- even the disgrace of being charged with a crime --- is sufficient to deter the middle class, while for members of the underclass, probation may be translated as “I beat it”.(8)So how can you use the system --- welfare or criminal justice --- to produce the behavior we want? The answer, I suspect is: You can’t.(9)We keep trying to use welfare and prison to change people --- to make them think and behave the way we do --- when the truth is the incentives work only for those who already think the way we do: who view today’s action with an eye on the future.(10)We will take lowly work (if that is all that’s available) because we believe we can make bad jobs work for us. We avoid crime not because we are better people but because we see getting caught as a future-wrecking disaster. We are guided by a belief that good things will happen for us in the future if we take proper care of the present. Even under the worst of circumstances, we believe we are in control of our lives.(11)And we have trouble understanding that not everybody believes as we believe. The welfare rolls, the prison and the mean street of our cities are full of people who have given up on their future. Without hope for the future, hard work at a low-paid job makes no sense. Working hard in school, or pleasing a boss, or avoiding pregnancy makes no sense. The deadly disease is hopelessness. The lawlessness and poverty are only the obvious symptoms.(12)I’m not advocating that we stop looking for incentives to move poor people toward self-sufficiency or that we stop punishing people for criminal behavior. There will always be some people who need help and some who deserve to be in jail.(13)All I’m saying is that the long-term answer both to welfare and the crime that plagues our communities is not to fine tune the welfare and criminal justice systems but to prevent our children from getting the disease of despair.(14)If we encourage our young people to believe in the future, and give them solid evidence for believing, we’ll find both crime and poverty shrinking to manageable proportions.48. What is the author’s attitude towards Clinton’s proposal to welfare?A. Pessimistic.B. Optimistic.C. Suspicious.D. Sarcastic.49. It can be inferred from Para. 7 that optimum penalties are __________ to the underclass.A. uselessB. hopelessC. frighteningD. humiliating50. Which of the following is the most appropriate title for the passage?A. Lawlessness and Poverty.B. Criminal Justice System.C. Welfare Grants.D. Disease of Despair.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section, there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with NO more than TEN words in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE51.In Para. 4, what does the man mean by saying “I had to bear my trouble”?52.What can be inferred from the last sentence of the passage?PASSAGE TWO53.Why does the UN use the olive branch in its symbol?PASSAGE THREE54. According to the author, what balance should we keep in welfare?55. What does the author mean by saying “Even under the worst of circumstances, we believe we are in control of our lives ” (Para. 10)?PART VI WRITING [45 MIN]Read carefully the following excerpt on term-time holiday arguments in the UK, and then write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 words, in which you should:·summarize the main message of the excerpt, and then·comment on whether parents should take children out of school for holiday during term time in order to save money.You should support yourself with information from the excerpt.Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.—THE END — A. The kind of people suitable for the trip. Term-time holidays will be bannedParents are to be banned by Michael Gove, UK ’s Education Secretary, from taking their children out of school to save money on holidays.He is to abolish the right of head teacher to “authorise absence ” from the classroom, which has been used to let families take term-time breaks, and will warn them they face fines for their children not being at school.“Any time out of school has the potential to damage a child ’s education,” a senior source at the Department for Education said this weekend. “That is why the government will end the distinction between authorised and unauthorised absence.”“This is partof the government ’s wider commitment to bring down truancy levels in our schools. There will also be stricter penalties for parents and schools.”The tough measures on truancy are part of a wider attempt by Mr. Gove to make education more academically rigorous and to tackle a culture in the educational establishment which heB. Interests and hobbies of the speakers.C. Recruitment of people for the trip.D. Preparation for the trip to Mars......Conversation TwoWrite your response on ANSWER SHEET THREE.——THE END ——ANSWER SHEET 1(反面)PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSIONWhat is Grit?My questionsW hy isn’t I.Q. the only difference between students?What is the key to(1) ______? (1)______My Researchinvestigation of all kinds of (2)______: including: (2)______ — West Point Military Academy—(3) _______ (3)______ —private companiesMy finding: grit as predictor of successGrit is(4) ______ for a very long-term goals (4)______ Grit is working hard for years to make (5)______ (5)______ Grit is living your life like a(6) _____ (6)______ My surveyHigh school juniors took grit questionnaires(7)______ kids were more likely to graduate (7)_____Grit-buildinglittle is known about how to build grit in studentsdata show grit is unrelated to (8)_______ (8)____ growth mindset is the belief that the ability to learn is (9) _______ (9)____ kids with grit believe failure is(10) ______ (10)____ ConclusionWe need to be gritty about getting our kinds grittier.TEM 4 SCRIPTPARTⅠDICTATIONListen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 1 minute to check through your work once more. Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.Now listen to the passage.。
2016英语专业四级真题与题解
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2016)—GRADE FOUR—TIME LIMIT: 130 MINPART I DICTATION [10 MIN] Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more.Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION [20 MIN]SECTION A TALKIn this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at the task on the ANSWER SHEETONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now, listen to the talk. When it is over, you will be given TWO minutes to check your work. SECTION B CONVERSATIONSIn this section, you will hear two conversations. At the end of the conversion, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions.Now, listen to the conversations.Conversation OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on Conversation One.1. A. To tell the man that he has been shortlisted for interview.B. To ask the man a few questions about his interview.C. To tell the man the procedure of the interview.D. To explain to the man how to make a presentation.2. A. Questions related to the job.B. General questions about himself.C. Specific questions about his CV.D. Questions about his future plan.3. A. Questions from the interviewers.B. Questions from the interviewee.C. Presentation from the interviewee.D. Requests from the interviewee.4. A. Educational and professional background.B. Problems he has faced and solved.C. Major successes in his career so far.D. Company future and his contribution.5. A. 11 a.m., next Tuesday.B. 11 a.m., next Thursday.C. 9 a.m., this Tuesday.D. 9 a.m., this Thursday.Conversation TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on Conversation Two.6. A. How college students pay for their education.B. How to handle the problem of college loans.C. The disadvantage of college loans.D. Government financing in college education.7. A. It has increased by 6 to 8%.B. It has increased by 8 to 10%.C. It has decreased by 6 to 8%.D. It has decreased by 8 to 10%.8. A. Student’s family income.B. First year salary after graduation.C. A fixed amount of 30, 000 dollars.D. Payment in the next ten years.9. A. Students can borrow money first.B. Students pay no tax on savings.C. Students pay less tax after graduation.D. Students withdraw without paying tax.10. A. Giving up charitable or volunteer work.B. Neglecting their study at college.C. Giving up further education.D. Neglecting high salary in job-seeking.PART III LANGUAGE USAGE [10 MIN] There are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on Answer Sheet Two.11. How can I concentrate if you __________ continually __________ me with silly questions?A. have… interruptedB. had… interruptedC. are… interruptingD. were… interrupting12. Among the four sentences below, Sentence __________ express the highest degree of possibility.A. It may take a long time to find a solution to the problem.B. It might take a long time to find a solution to the problem.C. It could take a long time to find a solution to the problem.D. It should take a long time to find a solution to the problem.13. She is a better speaker than __________ in the class.A. all the girlsB. the other boysC. other any girlD. any boy14. Nobody heard him sing, __________?A. did theyB. did heC. didn’t theyD. did one15. I can’t put up with __________.A. that friend of youB. that friend of yoursC. the friend of youD. the friend of yours16. There has been an increasing number of __________ in primary schools in past few years.A. man teacherB. men teacherC. man teachersD. men teachers17. This is one of the issues that deserve __________.A. mentioningB. being mentionedC. to mentionD. for mention18. The audience __________ excited on seeing__________ favorite star glide onto the stage.A. were… itsB. were… theirC. was… theirD. was… one’s19. __________ your advice, I would have made the wrong decision.A. Hadn’t it been forB. Had it not been forC. Had it been forD. Had not it been for20. The sentence I wish I had been more careful in spending money express the speaker’s __________.A. hopeB. joyC. regretD. relief21. The Attorney General ordered a federal autopsy of Brown’s body, seeking to __________ thefamily and community there would be a thorough investigation into his death.A. ensureB. assureC. insureD. ascertain22. The police department came under strong criticism for both the death of an unarmed and itshandling of the __________.A. consequenceB. outcomeC. resultD. aftermath23. The Foreign Secretary tried to __________ doubts about his handling of the crisis.A. dispelB. expelC. repelD. quell24. Mutual funds are thus best for investors who don’t want to take the time to study stocks indetail or who __________ the resources to build a portfolio.A. depriveB. lackC. yearnD. attain25. Chris ran __________ John at a sporting-goods trade show and the two quickly struck__________ an easy rapport.A. into…upB. on…intoC. across…onD. against…into26. “I’m leaving the country soon,” he told a __________ convened group of reporters.A. especiallyB. particularlyC. speciallyD. specifically27. Israel and Hamas had reached a deal on extending the __________ ceasefire by an extra 24hours until Tuesday at midnight.A. contemporaryB. makeshiftC. spontaneousD. temporary28. __________ to unplugging the alarm clock and trusting your ability to wake on time on yourown, you should probably ease yourself into the new arrangement by keeping a very regular schedule for several weeks.A. DueB. PriorC. RelatedD. Thanks29. If you are an athlete, strong abdominal muscles help you ensure a strong back and freedomfrom injury during __________upper-body movement.A. valiantB. variableC. vigorousD. vigilant30. Finning is a cruel __________ in which the shark’s fins are lopped off, and the live shark isthrown back to sea.A. realityB. truthC. skillD. practicePART IV CLOZE [10 MIN] Decide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blank. The words can be used ONCE ONLY. Mark the letter for each word onImagine a world without writing. Obviously there would be no books: no novels, no encyclopedias, no cookbooks, no textbooks, no telephone books, no scriptures, no diaries, no travel guides. There would be no ball-points, no typeswriters, no computers, no Internet, no magazines, no movie credits, no shopping lists, no newspapers, no tax returns. But such __________ (31) of subjects almost miss the point. The world we live in has been indelibly marked by the written word, __________ (32) by the technology of writing over thousands of years. Ancient kings proclaimed their authority and __________ (33) their laws in writing. Scribes administered great empires by writing, their knowledge of recording and retrieving information essential to governing complex societies. Religious traditions were passed on through __________ (34), and spread to others, in writing. Scientific and technological progress was achieved and __________ (35) through writing. Accounts in trade and commerce could be kept because of writing. Nearly every step of civilization has been mediated through writing. A world without writing would bear __________ (36) resemblance to the one we now live in. Writing is a __________ (37) necessity to the societies anthropologists call civilizations. A civilization is distinguished from other societies by the complexity of its social organization, by its construction of cities and large public buildings, and by the economic specialization of its members, many of whom are not __________ (38) involved in food procurement or production. A civilization, with its taxation and tribute systems, its trade, and its public works, requires a __________ (39) system of record keeping. And so the early civilizations of Egypt, China, and (probably) India all developed a system of writing. Only the Peruvian civilization of the Incas and their predecessors did not use writing but __________ (40) invented a system of keeping records on knotted color-coded strings known as quipu.PART V READING COMPREHENSION [35 MIN] SECTION A MUTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the onethat you think is the best answer. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE(1)When I was twenty-seven years old, I was a mining-broker’s clerk in San Francisco, and an expert in all the details of stock traffic, I was alone in the world, and had nothing to depend upon but my wits and a clean reputation; but these were setting my feet in the road to eventual fortune, and I was content with the prospect. My time was my own after the afternoon board, Saturdays, and I was accustomed to putting it in on a little sail-boat on the bay. One day I ventured too far, and was carried out to sea. Just at nightfall, when hope was about gone, I was picked up by a small ship which was bound for London. It was a long and stormy voyage, and they made me work my passage without pay, as a common sailor. When I stepped ashore in London my clothes were ragged and shabby, and I had only a dollar in my pocket. This money fed and sheltered me twenty-four hours. During the next twenty-four I went without food and shelter.(2)About ten o’clock on the following morning, dirty and hungry, I was dragging myself along Portland Place, when a child that was passing, towed by a nurse-maid, tossed a big pear——minus one bite——into the gutter. I stopped, of course, and fastened my desiring eye on that muddy treasure. My mouth watered for it, my stomach craved it, my whole being begged for it. But every time I made a move to get it some passing eye detected my purpose, and of course I straightened up then, and looked indifferent and pretended that I hadn’t been thinking about the pear at all. This same thing kept happening and happening, and I couldn’t get the pear.(3)I was just getting desperate enough to brave all the shame, and to seize it, when a window behind me was raised, and a gentleman spoke out of it, saying: “ Step in here, please.”(4)I was admitted by a man servant, and shown into a sumptuous room where a couple of elderly gentlemen were sitting. They sent away the servant, and made me sit down. They had just finished their breakfast, and the sight of the remains of it almost overpowered me. I could hardly keep my wits together in the presence of that food, but as I was not asked to sample it, I had to bear my trouble as best as I could.(5)Now, something had been happening there a little before, which I did not know anything about until a good many days afterwards, but I will tell you about it now. Those two old brothers had been having a pretty hot argument a couple of days before, and had ended by agreeing to decide it by a bet, which is the English way of settling everything.(6)You will remember that the Bank of England once issued two notes of a million pounds each, to be used for a special purpose connected with some public transaction with a foreign country. For some reason or other only one of these had been used and canceled; the other still lay in the vaults of the Bank. Well, the brothers, chatting along, happened to get to wondering what might be the fate of a perfectly honest and intelligent stranger who should be turned adrift in London without a friend, and with no money but that million-pound bank-note, and no way to account for his being in possession of it. Brother A said he would starve to death; Brother B said he wouldn’t. Brother A said he couldn’t offer it at a bank or anywhere else, because he would be arrested on the spot. So they went on disputing till Brother B said he would bet twenty thousand pounds that the man would live thirty days, anyway, on that million, and keep out of jail, too. Brother A took him up. Brother B went down to the Bank and bought that note. Then he dictated a letter, which one of his clerks wrote out in a beautiful round hand, and then the two brothers sat at the window a whole day watching for the right man to give it to.(7)I finally became the pick of it.41. In Para. 1, the phrase “set my feet” probably means __________.A. put me asideB. start my journeyC. prepare meD. let me walk42. It can be concluded from Para. 2 that __________.A. the man wanted to maintain dignity though starvedB. the man could not get a proper chance to eat the pearC. The man did not really want the pear since it was dirtyD. it was very difficult for the man to get the pear43. Compared with Brother A, Brother B was more __________ towards the effect of theone-million-pound bank-note on a total strange.A. neutralB. negativeC. reservedD. positivePASSAGE TWO(1)The concept of peace is a very important one in cultures all over the world. Think about how we greet people. In some language, the phrases for greetings contain the word for peace. In some cultures we greet people by shaking hands or with another gesture to show that we are not carrying weapons --- that we come in peace. And there are certain symbols which people in very different cultures recognize as representing peace. Let’s look at a few of them.The dove(2)The dove has been a symbol of peace and innocence for thousands of years in many different cultures. In ancient Greek mythology it was a symbol of love and the renewal of life. In ancient Japan a dove carrying a sword symbolized the end of war.(3)There was a tradition in Europe that if dove flew around a house where someone was dying then their soul would be at peace. And there are legends which say that devil can turn himself into any bird except for a dove. In Christian art, the dove was used to symbolized the Holy Ghost and was often painted above Christ’s head.(4)But it was Pablo Picasso who made the dove a modern symbol of peace when he used it on a poster for the World Peace Congress in 1949.The rainbow(5)The rainbow is another ancient and universal symbol, often representing the connection between human beings and their gods. In Greek mythology it was associated with Iris, the goddess who brought messages from the gods on Mount Olympus. In Scandinavian mythology the rainbow was a bridge between the gods and the earth. In the Bible a rainbow showed Noah that the Biblical flood was finally over, and that God had forgiven his people. In the Chinese tradition, the rainbow is a common symbol for marriage because the colours represent the union of yin and yang. Nowadays the rainbow is used by many popular movements for peace and the environment, representing the possibility of a better world in the future and promising sunshine after rain.Mistletoe(6)This plant was sacred in many cultures, generally representing peace and love. Most people know of the tradition of kissing under the mistletoe at Christmas time, which probablycomes from Scandinavian mythology. The goddess Freya’s son was killed by an arrow made of mistletoe, so, in honour of him, she declared that it would always be a symbol of peace. It was often hung in doorways as a sign of friendship.(7)The ancient Druids believed that hanging mistletoe in your doorway could protect you from evil spirits. Tribes would stop fighting for a period of time if they found a tree with mistletoe. But you will never see mistletoe in a Christian church - it is banned because of its associations with pagan religion and superstition.The olive branch(8)The olive tree has always been a valuable source of food and oil. In Greek mythology, the goddess Athena gave the olive tree to the people of Athens, who showed their gratitude by naming the city after her. But no one knows for sure when or why it began to symbolize peace. There is probably a connection with ancient Greece. Wars between states were suspended during the Olympics Games, and the winners were given crowns of olive branches. The symbolism may come from the fact that the olive tree takes a long time to produce fruit, so olives could only be cultivated successfully in long periods of peace. Whatever the history, the olive branch is a part of many modern flags symbolizing peace and unity. One well-known example is the United Nations symbol.The ankh(9)The ankh is an ancient symbol which was adopted by the hippie movement in the 1960s to represent peace and love. It was found in many Asian cultures, but is generally associated with ancient Egypt. It represented life and immortality. Egyptians were buried with an ankh, so that they could continue to live in the “afterworld”. The symbol was also found along the sides of the Nile, which gave life to the people. They believed that the ankh could control the flow of the river and make sure that there was always enough water.44.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. Concept of Peace.B. Origin of Peace Symbols.C. Popular Peace Symbols.D. Cultural Difference of Peace.45.The rainbow represents the connection between human beings and their gods in all thefollowing countries EXCEPT __________.A. SwedenB. GreeceC. FinlandD. China46.In North Europe mistletoe was often hung in doorways to indicate __________.A. friendshipB. loveC. kinshipD. honour47.The origin of the ankh can date back to __________.A. the NileB. the “afterword”C. the hippie movementD. ancient EgyptPASSAGE THREE(1)Two sides almost never change: That you can manipulate people into self-sufficiency and that you can punish them into good citizenship.(2)The first manifests itself in our tireless search for the magical level at which welfare grants are big enough to meet basic needs but small enough to make low-paid work attractive. The second has us looking to the criminal justice system to cure behavior that is as much as anything the result of despair.(3)The welfare example is well known. We don’t want poor people to live in squalor or their children to be malnourished. But we also don’t want to subsidize the indolence of people who are too lazy to work. The first impulse leads us to provide housing, food stamps, medical care and a cash stipend for families in need. The second gets us to think about “workforce”.(4)We’ve been thinking about it for two reasons: the “nanny” problems of two high-ranking government officials (who hired undocumented foreigners as household helpers, presumably because they couldn’t find Americans to do the work) and President Clinton’s proposal to put a two-year limit on welfare.(5)Maybe something useful will come of Clinton’s idea, but I’m not all that hopeful. It looks to me like one more example of trying to manipulate people into taking care of themselves.(6)On the criminal justice side, we hope to make punishment tough enough to discourage crime but not so tough as to clog our prisons with relatively minor offenders. Too short a sentence, we fear, will create contempt for the law. Too long a sentence will take up costly space better used for the violent and unremorseful.(7)Not only can we never find the “perfect” punishment, our search for optimum penalties is complicated by our desire for fairness: to let the punishment fit the crime. The problem is that almost any punishment --- even the disgrace of being charged with a crime --- is sufficient to deter the middle class, while for members of the underclass, probation may be translated as “I beat it”.(8)So how can you use the system --- welfare or criminal justice --- to produce the behavior we want? The answer, I suspect is: You can’t.(9)We keep trying to use welfare and prison to change people --- to make them think and behave the way we do --- when the truth is the incentives work only for those who already think the way we do: who view today’s action with an eye on the future.(10)We will take lowly work (if that is all that’s available) because we believe we can make bad jobs work for us. We avoid crime not because we are better people but because we see getting caught as a future-wrecking disaster. We are guided by a belief that good things will happen for us in the future if we take proper care of the present. Even under the worst of circumstances, we believe we are in control of our lives.(11)And we have trouble understanding that not everybody believes as we believe. The welfare rolls, the prison and the mean street of our cities are full of people who have given up on their future. Without hope for the future, hard work at a low-paid job makes no sense. Working hard in school, or pleasing a boss, or avoiding pregnancy makes no sense. The deadly disease is hopelessness. The lawlessness and poverty are only the obvious symptoms.(12)I’m not advocating that we stop looking for incentives to move poor people toward self-sufficiency or that we stop punishing people for criminal behavior. There will always be some people who need help and some who deserve to be in jail.(13)All I’m saying is that the long-term answer both to welfare and the crime that plagues our communities is not to fine tune the welfare and criminal justice systems but to prevent our children from getting the disease of despair.(14)If we encourage our young people to believe in the future, and give them solid evidence for believing, we’ll find both crime and poverty shrinking to manageable proportions.48. What is the author’s attitude towards Clinton’s proposal to welfare?A. Pessimistic.B. Optimistic.C. Suspicious.D. Sarcastic.49. It can be inferred from Para. 7 that optimum penalties are __________ to the underclass.A. uselessB. hopelessC. frighteningD. humiliating50. Which of the following is the most appropriate title for the passage?A. Lawlessness and Poverty.B. Criminal Justice System.C. Welfare Grants.D. Disease of Despair.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section, there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with NO more than TEN words in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE51.In Para. 4, what does the man mean by saying “I had to bear my trouble”?52.What can be inferred from the last sentence of the passage?PASSAGE TWO53.Why does the UN use the olive branch in its symbol?PASSAGE THREE54.According to the author, what balance should we keep in welfare?55.What does the author mean by saying “Even under the worst of circumstances, we believewe are in control of our lives” (Para. 10)?PART VI WRITING [45 MIN] Read carefully the following excerpt on term-time holiday arguments in the UK, and then write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 words, in which you should:·summarize the main message of the excerpt, and then·comment on whether parents should take children out of school for holiday during termtime in order to save money.You should support yourself with information from the excerpt.Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.A. The kind of people suitable for the trip.B. Interests and hobbies of the speakers.C. Recruitment of people for the trip.D. Preparation for the trip to Mars......Conversation TwoWrite your response on ANSWER SHEET THREE.——THE END ——ANSWER SHEET 1(反面)PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSIONWhat is Grit?My questionsW hy isn’t I.Q. the only difference between students?What is the key to(1) ______? (1)______ My Researchinvestigation of all kinds of (2)______: including: (2)______ — West Point Military Academy—(3) _______ (3)______ —private companiesMy finding: grit as predictor of successGrit is(4) ______ for a very long-term goals (4)______ Grit is working hard for years to make (5)______ (5)______ Grit is living your life like a(6) _____ (6)______ My surveyHigh school juniors took grit questionnaires(7)______ kids were more likely to graduate (7)_____ Grit-buildinglittle is known about how to build grit in studentsdata show grit is unrelated to (8)_______ (8)____ growth mindset is the belief that the ability to learn is (9) _______ (9)____ kids with grit believe failure is(10) ______ (10)____ ConclusionWe need to be gritty about getting our kinds grittier.TEM 4 SCRIPTPARTⅠDICTATIONListen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 1 minute to check through your work once more. Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.Now listen to the passage.Are you confident or insecure in a difficult situation?Do you react positively or negatively?The answer may depend in part on whom you are around.A study found that negative thinking can be contagious in some cases.For example, the researchers studied 103 college roommates.They measured each roommate’s tendency towards negative thinking.It was found that thinking patterns can be contagious.Students with a negative-thinking roommate became more depressed themselves. And students with more positive thinking roommates were more likely to become more positive as well.The second and third readings. You should begin writing now.The last reading.Now, you have two minutes to check through your work. (a two-minute interval)That is the end of PartⅠDictation.2016年4级听写评分标准THINK POSITIVE AND FEEL POSITIVE（标题忽略不计）第一组：Are you confident or insecure in a difficult situation? /Do you react positively or negatively? /The answer may depend in part on whom you're around. /A study found that negative thinking can be contagious in some cases./For example, the researchers studied 103 college roommates. / (45words)第二组：They measured each roommate’s tendency towards negative thinking. / It was found that thinking patterns can be contagious. /Students with a negative-thinking roommate became more depressed themselves. / And students with more positive thinking roommates / were more likely to become more positive as well.(43words)1.听写共分10小节：每节1分，每组评阅五句，每五句为一段。
2016专四真题与完整答案
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2016)-GRADE FOURTIME LIMIT: 130 MIN PART I DICTATION [10MIN]Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given ONE minute to check through your work once more.Please write the whole passage on Answer Sheet OnePART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION[20MIN]SECTION A TALKIn this section you will hear a talk You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at the task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now listen to the talk. When it is over, you will be given TWO minutes to check your workWhat Is Grit?My questionsWhy isn't I.Q. the only difference between students?What is the key to (1) __________.My Researchinvestigation of all kinds of (2) __________, including:—West Point Military Academy.—(3) __________.—private companies.My finding: grit as predictor of successGrit is (4) __________ for very long-term goals.Grit is working hard for years to make (5) __________.Grit is living your life like a (6) __________.My surveyhigh school juniors took grit questionnaires.(7) __________kids were more likely to graduate.Grit-buildinglittle is known about how to build grit in students.data show grit is unrelated to (8) __________.growth mindset is the belief that the ability to learn is (9) __________.kids with grit believe failure is (10) __________.ConclusionWe need to be gritty about getting our kids grittier.SECTION B CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear two conversations. At the end of each conversation, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions.Now, listen to the conversations.Conversation OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on Conversation One.1.A. To tell the man that he has been shortlisted for interview.B.To ask the man a few questions about his interview.C.To tell the man the procedure of the interview.D.To explain to the man how to make a presentation.2.A. Questions related to the job.B.General questions about himself.C.Specific questions about his CV.D.Questions about his future plan.3.A. Questions from the interviewers.B.Questions from the interviewee.C.Presentation from the interviewee.D.Requests from the interviewee.4.A. Educational and professional background.B. Problems he has faced and solved.C. Major successes in his career so far.D. Company future and his contribution.5.A. 11 a.m., next Tuesday.B.11 a.m., next Thursday.C.9 a.m., this Tuesday.D.9 a.m., this Thursday.Conversation TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on Conversation Two6.A. How college students pay for their education.B.How to handle the problem of college loans.C.The disadvantages of college loans.ernment financing in college education.7.A. It has increased by 6 to 8 %.B.It has increased by 8 to 10 %.C.It has decreased by 6 to 8%.D.It has decreased by 8 to 10%.8.A. Student's family income.B.First year salary after graduation.C.A fixed amount of 30,000 dollars.D.Payment in the next ten years.9.A. Students can borrow money first.B.Students pay no tax on savings.C. Students pay less tax after graduation.D. Students withdraw without paying tax.10.A. Giving up charitable or volunteer work.B.Neglecting their study at college.C.Giving up further education.D.Neglecting high salary in job-seeking.PART III LANGUAGE USAGE[10 MIN]There are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.11.How can I concentrate if you ___________ continually ___________ me with silly questions?A.have... interruptedB.had...interruptedC.are...interruptingD.were...interrupting12.Among the four sentences below, Sentence ___________ expresses the highest degree of possibility.A. It may take a long time to find a solution to the problem.B. It might take a long time to find a solution to the problem.C. It could take a long time to find a solution to the problem.D. It should take a long time to find a solution to the problem.13.She is a better speaker than___________in the class.A.all the girlsB.the other boysC.other any girlD.any boy14.Nobody heard him sing,___________.A.did theyB.did heC.didn't theyD.did one15.I can't put up with___________.A.that friend of youB.that friend of yoursC.the friend of youD.the friend of yours16.There has been an increasing number of ___________ in primary schools in the past few years.A.man teacherB.men teacherC.man teachersD.men teachers17.This is one of the issues that deserve___________.A.mentioningB. being mentionedC. to mentionD. for mention18.The audience ___________ excited on seeing ___________favorite star glide onto the stage.A.were ... itsB.were...theirC.was...theirD.was...one's19.___________your advice, I would have made the wrong decision.A.Hadn't it been forB.Had it not been forC.Had it been forD.Had not it been for20.The sentence I wish I had been more careful in spending money expresses the speaker's_____.A.hopeB.joyC.regretD.relief21.The Attorney General ordered a federal autopsy of Brown's body, seekingto___________ the family and community there would be a thorough investigation into his death.A.ensureB.assureC.insureD.ascertain22.The police department came under strong criticism for both the death of an unarmed man andits handling of the___________.A.consequenceB.outcomeC.resultD.aftermath23.The Foreign Secretary tried to ___________ doubts about his handling of the crisis.A.dispelB.expelC.repelD.quell24.Mutual funds are thus best for investors who don't want to take the time to studystocks in detail or who ___________ the resources to build a portfolio.A.depriveckC.yearnD.attain25.Chris ran ___________ John at a sporting-goods trade show and the two quickly struck___________an easy rapport.A.into...upB.on...intoC.across...onD.against...into26."I am leaving the country soon," he told a ___________ convened group of reporters.A.especiallyB.particularlyC.speciallyD.specifically27.Israel and Hamas had reached a deal on extending the _______ ceasefire by an extra 24 hours until Tuesday at midnight.A.contemporaryB.makeshiftC.spontaneousD.temporary28.___________to unplugging the alarm clock and trusting your ability to wake on time on your own, you should probably ease yourself into the new arrangement by keeping a very regular schedule for several weeks.A.DueB.PriorC.RelatedD.Thanks29.If you are an athlete, strong abdominal muscles help you ensure a strong back and freedom from injury during ___________ upper-body movement.A.valiantB.variableC.vigorousD.vigilant30.Finning is a cruel ___________ in which the shark's fins are lopped off, and the live shark is thrown back to sea.A.realityB.truthC.skillD.practicePART IV CLOZE[10 MIN]Decide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blank. The words can be used ONCE ONLY. Mark the letter for each word on ANSWER SHEET TWO.A. ampleB. combinationsC. directlyD. disseminatedE. generationsF. genuinelyG. insteadH. listsI. promulgatedJ. publicizedI K. scant L. shaped M. sophisticated N. transplanted O. virtualmagine a world without writing. Obviously there would be no books: no novels, noencyclopedias, no cookbooks, no textbooks, no telephone books, no scriptures, no diaries, no travel guides. There would be no ball-points, no typewriters, no computers, no Internet,no magazines, no movie credits, no shopping lists, no newspapers, no tax returns. But such___________(31) of objects almost miss the point. The world we live in has been indelibly marked by the written word, ___________ (32) by the technology of writing over thousands of years. Ancient kings proclaimed their authority and ___________ (33) their laws in writing. Scribes administered great empires by writing, their knowledge of recording and retrieving information essential to governing complex societies. Religious traditions were passed on through ___________ (34), and spread to others, in writing.Scientific and technological progress was achieved and___________(35) through writing.Accounts in trade and commerce could be kept because of writing. Nearly every step of civilization has been mediated through writing. A world without writing would bear___________(36) resemblance to the one we now live in. Writing is a___________ (37) necessity to the societies anthropologists call civilizations. A civilization is distinguished from other societies by the complexity of its social organization, by its construction of cities and large public buildings, and by the economic specialization of its members, many of whom are not___________(38) involved in food procurement or production. Acivilization, with its taxation and tribute systems, its trade, and its public works, requires a ___________ (39) system of record keeping. And so the early civilizations of Egypt, China, and (probably) India all developed a system of writing. Only the Peruviancivilization of the Incas and their predecessors did not use writing but___________ (40) invented a system of keeping records on knotted color-coded strings known as quipu.PART V READING COMPREHENSION[35 MIN]SECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple choice questions. Foreach multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE(1)When I was twenty-seven years old, I was a mining-broker's clerk in San Francisco,and an expert in all the details of stock traffic. I was alone in the world, and had nothing to depend upon but my wits and a clean reputation; but these were setting my feet in the road to eventual fortune, and I was content with the prospect. My time was my own after the afternoon board, Saturdays, and I was accustomed to putting it in on a little sail-boat on the bay. One day I ventured too far, and was carried out to sea. Just at nightfall, when hope was about gone, I was picked up by a small ship which was bound for London. It was a long and stormy voyage, and they made me work my passage without pay, as a common sailor. When I stepped ashore in London my clothes were ragged and shabby, and I had only a dollar in my pocket. This money fed and sheltered me twenty-four hours. During the next twenty-four I went without food and shelter.(2)About ten o'clock on the following morning, dirty and hungry, I was dragging myselfalong Portland Place, when a child that was passing, towed by a nurse-maid, tossed a big pear -minus one bite - into the gutter. I stopped, of course, and fastened my desiring eye on that muddy treasure. My mouth watered for it, my stomach craved it, my whole being, begged for it. But every time I made a move to get it some passing eye detected mypurpose, and of course I straightened up then, and looked indifferent and pretended that I hadn't been thinking about the pear at all. This same thing kept happening and happening, and I couldn't get the pear.(3)I was just getting desperate enough to brave all the shame, and to seize it, when a window behind me was raised, and a gentleman spoke out of it, saying: "Step in here, please."(4)I was admitted by a man servant, and shown into a sumptuous room where a couple of elderly gentlemen were sitting. They sent away the servant, and made me sit down. They had just finished their breakfast, and the sight of the remains of it almost overpowered me. I could hardly keep my wits together in the presence of that food, butas I was not asked to sample it, I had to bear my trouble as best as I could.(5)Now, something had been happening there a little before, which I did not know anything about until a good many days afterwards, but I will tell you about it now. Those two old brothers had been having a pretty hot argument a couple of days before, and had ended by agreeing to decide it by a bet, which is the English way of settling everything. (6)You will remember that the Bank of England once issued two notes of a million pounds each, to be used for a special purpose connected with some public transaction with a foreign country. For some reason or other only one of these had been used and canceled; the other still lay in the vaults of the Bank. Well, the brothers, chatting along, happened to get to wondering what might be the fate of a perfectly honest and intelligent stranger who should be turned adrift in London without a friend, and with no money but that million-pound bank-note, and no way to account for his being in possession of it. BrotherA said he would starve to death; BrotherB said he wouldn't. Brother A said he couldn't offer it at a bank or anywhere else, because he would be arrested on the spot. So they went on disputing till Brother B said he would bet twenty thousand pounds that the man would live thirty days, anyway, on that million, and keep out of jail, too. Brother A took him up.Brother B went down to the Bank and bought that note. Then he dictated a letter, which one of his clerks wrote out in a beautiful round hand, and then the two brothers sat at the window a whole day watching for the right man to give it to.(7)I finally became the pick of them.41.In Para. 1, the phrase "set my feet" probably means___________.A.put me asideB.start my journeyC.prepare meD.let me walk42.It can be concluded from Para. 2 that___________.A.the man wanted to maintain dignity though starvedB.the man could not get a proper chance to eat the pearC.the man did not really want the pear since it was dirtyD.it was very difficult for the man to get the pearpared with Brother A, Brother B was more ___________ towards the effect of the one-million-pound bank-note on a total stranger.A.neutralB.negativeC.reservedD.positivePASSAGE TWO(1)The concept of peace is a very important one in cultures all over the world. Think abouthow we greet people. In some languages, the phrases for greetings contain the word for peace. In some cultures we greet people by shaking hands or with another gesture to show that we are not carrying weapons—that we come in peace. And there are certain symbols which people in very different cultures recognize as representing peace. Let's look at a few of them.The dove(2)The dove has been a symbol of peace and innocence for thousands of years in many different cultures. In ancient Greek mythology it was a symbol of love and the renewalof life. In ancient Japan a dove carrying a sword symbolized the end of war.(3)There was a tradition in Europe that if a dove flew around a house where someone was dying then their soul would be at peace. And there are legends which say that the devilcan turn himself into any bird except for a dove. In Christian art, the dove was used to symbolize the Holy Ghost and was often painted above Christ's head.(4)But it was Pablo Picasso who made the dove a modern symbol of peace when he used it on a poster for the World Peace Congress in 1949. The rainbow(5)The rainbow is another ancient and universal symbol, often representing the connection between human beings and their gods. In Greek mythology it was associated with Iris, the goddess who brought messages from the gods on Mount Olympus. In Scandinavian mythology the rainbow was a bridge between the gods and the earth. In the Bible a rainbow showed Noah that the Biblical flood was finally over, and that God had forgiven his people. In the Chinese tradition, the rainbow is a common symbol for marriage becausethe colours represent the union of yin and yang. Nowadays the rainbow is used bymany popular movements for peace and the environment, representing the possibility ofa better world in the future and promising sunshine after the rain. Mistletoe(6)This plant was sacred in many cultures, generally representing peace and love. Most people know of the tradition of kissing under the mistletoe at Christmas time, which probably comes from Scandinavian mythology. The goddess Freya's son was killed byan arrow made of mistletoe, so, in honour of him, she declared that it would always be a symbol of peace. It was often hung in doorways as a sign of friendship.(7)The ancient Druids believed that hanging mistletoe in your doorway protected youfrom evil spirits. Tribes would stop fighting for a period of time if they found a tree with mistletoe. But you will never see mistletoe in a Christian church - it is banned because of its associations with pagan religion and superstition. The olive branch(8)The olive tree has always been a valuable source of food and oil. In Greek mythology, the goddess Athena gave the olive tree to the people of Athens, who showed their gratitude by naming the city after her. But no one knows for sure when or why it began to symbolize peace. There is probably a connection with ancient Greece. Wars between states were suspended during the Olympic Games, and the winners were given crowns of olive branches. The symbolism may come from the fact that the olive tree takes a long time to produce fruit, so olives could only be cultivated successfully in long periods of peace. Whatever the history, the olive branch is a part of many modern flags symbolizing peace and unity. One well-known example is the United Nations symbol. The ankh(9)The ankh is an ancient symbol which was adopted by the hippie movement in the 1960sto represent peace and love. It was found in many Asian cultures, but is generallyassociated with ancient Egypt. It represented life and immortality. Egyptians were buried with an ankh, so that they could continue to live in the "afterworld". The symbol was also found along the sides of the Nile, which gave life to the people. They believed that the ankh could control the flow of the river and make sure that there was always enough water.44.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A.Concept of Peace.B.Origin of Peace Symbols.C.Popular Peace Symbols.D.Cultural Difference of Peace.45.The rainbow represents the connection between human beings and their gods in all the following countries EXCEPT___________.A.SwedenB.GreeceC.FinlandD.China46.In North Europe mistletoe was often hung in doorways to indicate___________.A.friendshipB.loveC.kinshipD.honour16/2947.The origin of the ankh can date back to___________.A.the NileB.the "afterworld"C.the hippie movementD.ancient EgyptPASSAGE THREE(1)Two sides almost never change: That you can manipulate people into self-sufficiencyand that you can punish them into good citizenship.(2)The first manifests itself in our tireless search for the magical level at which welfaregrants are big enough to meet basic needs but small enough to make low-paid work attractive. The second has us looking to the criminal justice system to cure behavior that is as much as anything the result of despair.(3)The welfare example is well known. We don't want poor people to live in squalor ortheir children to be malnourished. But we also don't want to subsidize the indolence of people who are too lazy to work. The first impulse leads us to provide housing, food stamps, medical care and a cash stipend for families in need. The second gets us to think about "workforce".(4)We've been thinking about it for two reasons: the "nanny" problems of two high-ranking government officials (who hired undocumented foreigners as household helpers, presumably because they couldn't find Americans to do the work) and President Clinton's proposal to put a two-year limit on welfare.(5)Maybe something useful will come of Clinton's idea, but I'm not all that hopeful. Itlooks to me like one more example of trying to manipulate people into taking care of themselves.(6)On the criminal justice side, we hope to make punishment tough enough to discourage crime but not so tough as to clog our prisons with relatively minor offenders. Too short a sentence, we fear, will create contempt for the law. Too long a sentence will take up costly space better used for the violent and unremorseful.(7)Not only can we never find the "perfect" punishment, our search for optimum penalties is complicated by our desire for fairness: to let the punishment fit the crime. The problem is that almost any punishment - even the disgrace of being charged with a crime - is sufficient to deter the middle class, while for members of the underclass, probation may be translated as "I beat it."(8)So how can you use the system - welfare or criminal justice - to produce the behavior we want? The answer, I suspect is: You can't.(9)We keep trying to use welfare and prison to change people - to make them think and behave the way we do - when the truth is the incentives work only for those who already think the way we do: who view today's action with an eye on the future.(10)We will take lowly work (if that is all that's available) because we believe we can make bad jobs work for us. We avoid crime not because we are better people but because we see getting caught as a future-wrecking disaster. We are guided by a belief that good things will happen for us in the future if we take proper care of the present. Even under the worst of circumstances, we believe we are in control of our lives.(11)And we have trouble understanding that not everybody believes as we believe. The welfare rolls, the prisons and the mean streets of our cities are full of people who havegiven up on their future. Without hope for the future, hard work at a low-paid job makes no sense. Working hard in school, or pleasing a boss, or avoiding pregnancy makes no sense. The deadly disease is hopelessness.The lawlessness and poverty are only the obvious symptoms.(12)I'm not advocating that we stop looking for incentives to move poor people towardself-sufficiency or that we stop punishing people for criminal behavior. There will always be some people who need help and some who deserve to be in jail.(13)All I'm saying is that the long-term answer both to welfare and the crime that plaguesour communities is not to fine tune the welfare and criminal justice systems but to prevent our children from getting the disease of despair.(14)If we encourage our young people to believe in the future, and give them solidevidence for believing, we'll find both crime and poverty shrinking to manageable proportions.48.What is the author's attitude towards Clinton's proposal to welfare?A.Pessimistic.B.Optimistic.C.Suspicious.D.Sarcastic.49.It can be inferred from Para. 7 that optimum penalties are___________to the underclass.elessB.hopelessC.frighteningD.humiliating50.Which of the following is the most appropriate title for the passage?wlessness and Poverty.B.Criminal Justice System.C.Welfare Grants.D.Disease of Despair.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with NO more than TEN words in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE51.In Para. 4, what does the man mean by saying "I had to bear my trouble"?52.What can be inferred from the last sentence of the passage?PASSAGE TWO53. Why does the UN use the olive branch in its symbol?PASSAGE THREE54.According to the author, what balance should we keep in welfare?55.What does the author mean by saying "Even under the worst of circumstances, webelieve we are in control of our lives" (Para. 10)?PART VI WRITING [45 MIN]Read carefully the following excerpt on term-time holiday arguments in the UK, and thenwrite your response in NO LESS THAN 200 words, in which you should:summarize the main message of the excerpt, and thencomment on whether parents should take children out of school for holidayduring term time in order to save money.You should support yourself with information from the excerpt.Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Term-time holidays will be bannedParents are to be banned by Michael Gove, UK's Education Secretary, from taking their children out of school to save money on holidays.He is to abolish the right of head teachers to "authorise absence" from the classroom, which has been used to let families take term-time breaks, and will warn them they face fines for their children not being at school."Any time out of school has the potential to damage a child's education," a senior source at the Department for Education said this weekend. "That is why the government will end the distinction between authorised and unauthorised absence.""This is part of the government's wider commitment to bring down truancy（逃学，旷课） levels in our schools. There will also be stricter penalties for parents and schools."The tough measures on truancy are part of a wider attempt by Mr Gove to make education more academically rigorous and to tackle a culture in the educational establishment which he believes has accepted "excuses for failure". Russell Hobby, the general secretary of the National Association of Head Teachers, said the measure would discourage parents from trying to put pressure on heads to sanction （批准） term time holidays. "The high cost of holidays outside of term time is still an issue but ultimately a child's education is more important than a holiday," he said.Writeyour resp onseon ANS WER SHE ET THR EE.-THE END---2016 年英语专业四级考试参考答案Part I DICTATIONThink Positive and Feel PositiveAre you confident or insecure in a difficult situation? / Do you react positively or negativ ely? / The answer may depend in part on whomyou’rearound. / A study found that negative thinking can be contagious in some cases. / For example, the researchers studied 103 collegeroommates. / They measured eachroommate’s tendency towards negative thinking. / It was f ound that thinking patterns can be contagious. / Students with a negative thinking roommate became more depressed themselves, / and students with more positive thinking roommates / were more likely to become more positive as well. Part II LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A TALK 1. success2. challenging settings。
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2016年英语专业四级考试词汇语法真题参考答案与解析11. How can I concentrate if you _________ continually ______ me with silly questions?A. have… interruptedB. are… interruptedC. had… interruptingD. were… interrupting选A。
虽然我觉得更应该说you are continually interrupting me with silly questions。
不过这里用现在完成时表示的是一个动作发生过成为过去经历，有可能多次发生，也就是打断一次、两次、三次等等不断重复到现在。
12. Among the four sentences below, Sentence ___ expresses the highest degree of possibility?A. It may take a long time to find a solution to the problem.B. It might take a long time to find a solution to the problem.C. It could take a long time to find a solution to the problem.D. It should take a long time to find a solution to the problem.选D。
四个里把握度最高的是should，其次是may，最后是might和could。
13. She is a better speaker than _____ in the class.A. any boyB. the other boysC. other any girlD. all the girls选A。
主语是she，女的，所以不能选B。
C的正确说法是any other girl。
14. Nobody heard him sing, ______?A. did oneB. did heC. didn’t theyD. did they选B。
根据专四语法出题依据的书《新编英语语法教程》（章振邦）317页，nobody 这种附加疑问句，书面语里用he。
口语里偶见they。
实际上，现代英语里为了避免有语言歧视（为什么只有he，没有she），很多人都避免只用he，而多改为they。
15. I can’t put up with ________.A. that friend of youB. that friend of yoursC. the friend of youD. the friend of yours选B。
根据专四语法出题依据的书《新编英语语法教程》（章振邦）57-58页，这种双重属格结构所修饰的名词可带a, any, some等表示非确定特指的限定词，但通常不带定冠词。
比如a daughter of Mrs. Green’s, any/some daughters of Mrs/ Green’s。
16. There has been an increasing number of _______ in primary schools in the past few years.A. man teacherB. men teacherC. man teachersD. men teachers选D。
合成名词复数，man/woman这种，两种都要变成复数，比如women drivers。
17. This is one of the issues that deserve _____.A. being mentionedB. mentioningC. to mentionD. for mention选B。
deserve后面接动名词表示被动含义。
要么就说deserve to be mentioned。
18. The audience ______ excited on seeing _______ favorite star glide onto the stage.A. were…theirB. were…itsC. was…theirD. was…one’s选A。
虽然audience这个集合名词和class, team等一样属于可单可复，但用代词回指时要保持数的一致性。
所以 C错了，要用its。
19. ________ your advice, I would have made the wrong decision.A. Hadn’t it bee n forB. Had it not been forC. Had it been forD. Had not it been for选B。
条件虚拟句if省略后，had、were、should要到句首倒装。
20. The sentence “I wish I had been more careful in spending money”expresses the speaker’s ______.A. hope ? ?B. joy ? ? ?C. regret ? ? ?D. relief选C。
wish这里引导的是虚拟句，我当时花钱应该更小心点。
21. The Attorney General ordered a federal autopsy of Brown’s body, seeking to ___ the family and community there would be a thorough investigation into his death.A. ensure ? ?B. insure ? ?C. assure ? ?D. ascertain选C。
assure somebody that/ assure somebody of something指to tell someone that something will definitely happen or is definitely true so that they are less worried，也可以用reassure。
Ensure是make sure的意思，后面不能接somebody。
Ascertain是find out22. The police department came under strong criticism for both the death of an unarmed man and its handling of the ____.A. consequence ? ?B. outcome ?C. result ? ?D. aftermath23. The Foreign Secretary tried to ______ doubts about his handling of the crisis.A. dispel ? ?B. expel ? ?C. repel ? ?D. quell选A。
dispel指to remove fears, doubts, and false ideas, usually by provingthem wrong or unnecessary。
Expel比喻义指to force someone to leave a school, organization, or country。
Repel指People or things that repel you make you feel strongly that you do not want to be near, see, or think about them。
Quell一般指to end a situation in which people are behaving violently or protesting, especially by using force。
但是《朗文当代英语词典》、《柯林斯》、《剑桥高阶》等字典里收录或者列出了quell panic/fear/doubts。
出题者这里不够严谨。
24. Mutual funds are thus best for in vestors who don’t want to take the time to study stocks in detail or who _______ the resources to build a portfolio.A. deprive ?B. lack ?C. yearn ? ?D. attain选B。
mutual funds指互惠基金，portfolio指证券投资组合，均为常见金融术语。
25. Chris ran ______ John at a sporting-goods trade show and the two quickly struck _____ an easy rapport.A. into…up ? ?B. on…into ?C. across…on ?D. against…into选A。
run into somebody指to meet someone you know when you are not expecting to。
这里的strike up指start a relationship or conversation with someone。
Rapport源自法语，请自行查字典注意发音。
指friendly agreement and understanding between people。
26. “I’m leaving the country soon,” he told a _______ convened group of reporters.A. especially ? ?B. particularly ?C. specially ?D. specifically选C。
convene指if a group of people convene, or someone convenes them, they come together, especially for a formal meeting。
27. Israel and Hamas had reached a deal on extending the ______ ceasefire by an extra 24 hours until Tuesday at midnight.A. contemporary ?B. makeshift ? ?C. spontaneous ?D. temporary28. _____ to unplugging the alarm clock and trusting your ability to wake on time on your own, you should probably ease yourself into the new arrangement by keeping a very regular schedule for several weeks.A. Due ? ? ?B. Prior ? ?C. Related ?D. Thanks29. If you are an athlete, strong abdominal muscles help you ensure a strong back and freedom from injury during ______ upper-body movement.A. valiant ? ?B. variable ? ?C. vigilant ?D. vigorous30. Finning is a cruel _______ in which the shark’s fins are lopped off, and the live shark is thrown back to sea.A. reality ? ?B. truth ? ?C. practice ? ?D. skill作者：@少数派memetics转载请注明！说明：非官方版，是@少数派memetics自己查找资料综合得来，仅供参考。