Cupid and Psyche 希腊神话汇编
• Cupid[‘kju:pɪd] n.丘比特(罗马神话中的爱
神)
Cupidity [kjuː'pɪdɪtɪ] n.贪心，贪婪 Cupid n.鸡尾酒
• Eros ['iərɔs] n.厄洛斯（爱神）
Erotic [ɪ‘rɒtɪk] a.色情的 n.好色之
• Wounded himself with his own arrow
• He fell in love with Psyche
• Psyche roamed about（漫游） looking for her husband. The holy Ceres（谷神） told her the way to the temple of Venus.
• Cupid fall in love with Psyche
• Four tasks
•The third was to go to the very
summit of a great mountain to bring a bottle of water for Venus
• Jupiter ['dʒu ː pɪtə]朱庇特（罗马神话中的宙 斯神）
BACK
Outline
• Venus’s revenge • Cupid fall in love
with Psyche • Four tasks •pid found Psyche lifeless on the ground. He kissed her gently and the slumber（睡眠） came out from her body.
• Finally ,Venus forgave her. • They had a child call Pleasure.
• Psyche [‘saɪkɪ] 普赛克（女子名）
Psyche ['saɪkɪ]
n.灵魂，精神
Psychoanalyst [saɪkəʊ'ænəlɪst] n.精神分析家
Psychology [saɪ'kɒlədʒɪ]
n.心理学
Psychodrama ['saɪkəʊdrɑːmə] n.心理剧
• Venus [‘viːnəs] 维纳斯（爱与美的女神） Venus n.金星
徒
Psyche
• Daughter of a king • Her beauty could be compared
with that of Goddess Venus. • Many people mistook her for Venus
herself, and offered her the garlands（花环） which they had bought for Venus.
• Venus give her four impossible work to punish her.
• Ceres['siəri:z] 刻瑞斯（谷类的女 神）
Cereals ['sɪrɪəl] n.谷类，早餐麦片 instant cereals 即食麦片
BACK
Outline
• Venus’s revenge
• Aphrodite[,æfrə'daɪti] 阿佛洛狄特
Outline
• Venus’ revenge
Venus's revenge
• Venus was very angry,determined to take revenge on Psyche.
• she told Cupid to shoot Psyche with one of his golden pointed arrows, let her fall in love with some wretched (可怜的)beggar, the most degraded（卑贱的） that
Jupiter [天] n.木星 by Jupiter 天哪， 哎呀，好家伙
•The last task was to get some of the beauty of Proserpine（女阎罗) , and put it in a box. •She was warned not to open the box. But temptation overcame she, and she opened the box. •Instead of finding beauty, she found deadly slumber(瞌睡虫).
BACK could be found.
• Venus’s revenge • Cupid fall in love
with Psyche
Outline
Cupid fall in love with Psyche
• As soon as Cupid saw Psyche, he was so surprised by her beauty
丘比特和普赛克的爱情故事
Cupid
• Venus' son,the god of love. • Cupid always carried his bow
and arrows wherever he went.
• the gold-tripped arrows ：
quicken the pulse of love
希腊神话
7. Cupid and Psyche:Cupid was the god of love, better known by his son of Aphrodite and AresThe story [Eros and Psyche] is about a princess named Psyche, who was so beautiful that when it came time for her to wed no suitors could be found -- for everyone worshiped her from afar believing that she was the appearance on earth of the Goddess of Love. While this attention saddened and embarrassed the young princess it infuriated Venus, the real Goddess of Beauty and Love. She directed her son, Cupid, to cast a spell upon Psyche that would cause her to fall in love with some despicable creature and in consequence to suffer so greatly that her beauty would fade. Obediently Cupid descended to earth, but the moment he saw the maiden his heart filled with love.Psyche's parents meantime had gone to the Oracle at Delphi for advice. Oracle was explicit: dress Psyche in mourning, escort her to the top of the mountain, and leave her to await her bridegroom Grief-stricken, Psyche was led in funeral procession to the summit of the mountain and left there as the sun slowly set. Zephyrus, the evening breeze, carried her down into the valley below. Upon waking, Psyche found herself before the entrance of a magnificent palace. She entered and walked from room to room, admiring the treasures they contained. In the darkness of night Cupid arrived and, though invisible to her, his words and embraces were so tender and loving she knew that this was the lover she had always longed for. When he asked her to give him her trust and her love and to become his bride, even though she must promise never to look upon him, she readily pledged him her troth.Life for Psyche was happier than ever, but after a time she grew homesick. To cheer her Cupid arranged for her two sisters to visit, but warned that if she revealed the secret of their marriage, their happiness would end as he would be forced to depart. Psyche promised to say nothing, but under the pressure of her sisters' questioning she let something slip which they twisted to convince her that she had married a monster and must slay him.Tormented with doubts, Psyche determined to discover the truth about her invisible husband who always disappeared before dawn. She arose, lit a lamp, and turned to look for the first time upon her beloved:Overwhelmed by his beauty Psyche inadvertently tipped the lamp and a drop of oil spilled on his shoulder, waking the slumbering god. "O simple-hearted Psyche," he exclaimed, "how could you doubt me? Now I must depart." In an instant he was gone. Psyche, brokenhearted, set out to find her beloved, not knowing that he had returned to Olympus where his mother tended his wound and had him guarded lest he return to earth.Psyche searched through long and weary years but found no trace of Cupid. She entered the temples of Demeter and Hera to seek their aid, and they advised her to be steadfast and faithful: "If Cupid still loves you, no power on earth or inheaven will keep him from you." Psyche realized now that Cupid must be on Olympus and was wondering how she could reach him when Mercury, messenger of the gods, appeared and offered to carry her there. She gladly accepted. Upon her arrival, however, Venus had her seized and would have had her destroyed had Psyche not pleaded for clemency. She offered to serve the goddess in every way possible could she but see her beloved once more. Venus agreed -- Psyche had first to accomplish three tasks, which the goddess knew were impossible for mortals to perform. The first was to separate by nightfall the seeds in an enormous pile of mixed grains; the second, to fetch golden fleece from a herd of fierce wild sheep; and the third, to obtain a cupful of black water from a river guarded by dragons. Psyche accomplished the first with the help of ants; the second, by following the advice of a nymph; and the third with the aid of the eagle of Jupiter.Venus was amazed and set Psyche one more task: to descend into Hades and obtain enough spray from the Fountain of Youth to restore the beauty the goddess had lost caring for her son's burnt shoulder. Again Psyche received help. She overcame all obstacles and lures of the underworld, and finally received the precious spray from Persephone. Upon reaching the world of the living she began to weaken: "One drop of this potion would restore my own beauty and bring Cupid to my side . . . only one little drop . . . no one would know." She barely touched the lid when it sprang open and poisonous fumes enveloped her and she fell into a deathlike stupor. Cupid, having recovered and escaped his guards, at this very moment arrived at her side, with a kiss, wakened the unconscious Psyche and explained to her that spray from the Fountain of Youth, being derived from the Water of Death, overcomes mortals and causes them to pass through death and rebirth.As he spoke Psyche herself was transformed, with wings unfolding from her shoulders; and when Cupid placed his arm around her they rose together to Olympus. In the presence of the gods, Jupiter united the couple in wedlock.当Cupid 离开Psyche 时说：Love could not dwell where there is no trust.Psyche: a hellenistic personification of the soul as female 人类灵魂德女性化身 or sometimes as a butterfly.psyche: the human soul, mind or spirit.PsychiatricPsychiatrist 精神病医生psychology n. 心理学psychological adj. 心理的Under the Rose ：in secret; privately confidentially 秘密地;私下得;暗中丘比特是战神玛斯(Mars)和爱与美之神维纳斯(venus)所生的儿子.维纳斯，也就是希腊神话里的阿芙罗狄蒂(Aphrodite),传说她是从大海的泡沫里生出来，以美丽著称,从宙斯到奥林匹帕斯的诸神都为起美貌姿容所倾倒.有关她的恋爱传说很多，欧洲很多文艺作品常用维纳斯做题材.小爱神丘比特为了维护其母的声誉,给沉默之神哈伯克拉底(Harpocrates)送了一束玫瑰花,请他守口如瓶不要把维纳斯的风流韵事传播出去.哈伯克拉底受了玫瑰花就缄默不语了,成为名副其实的"沉默之神"古罗马人对维纳斯非常尊崇,不仅奉为掌管人类的爱情.婚姻.生育的爱与美的神,而且尊为丰收女神.园艺女神.罗马的统治者恺撒大帝甚至追搠维纳斯是罗马人的祖先.由于上述神话传说,古罗马人把玫瑰花当作沉没或严守秘密的象征,并在日常生活中相尚成风.人们去串门做客,当看到主人家的桌子上方画有玫瑰,客人就了解在这桌上所谈的一切行为均不应外传.于是在语言中产生了Sub rosa 在玫瑰花底下这个拉丁成语. 据<牛津英语词典>解释,英语under the rose 系源自德语unter der Rosen. 古代德国的宴会厅.会议室以及旅店的餐室,在天花板上常画有或雕刻着玫瑰花,用来提醒在场者要守口如瓶,严守秘密,不要把玫瑰花底下的言行透露出去.这个流行于15至17世纪的德语成语反映了这种习俗. 罗马帝国全盛时,其势力几乎席卷了整个欧洲,罗马某些文化风尚也随着他的军事力量渗透到欧洲各国.因此，以玫瑰花象征沉默的习俗,并不限于德国..under the rose 是个状语性成语，在句中修饰动词,其含义因所修饰的动词的不同而略有不同.如:born under the rose"私生的""非婚生的";do under the rose"暗中进行"eg:The senator told me under the rose that there is to be a chance in the cabinet.The matter was finally settled under the rose.Do what you like undeer the rose,but don't give a sign of what you're about...8. the Legend of half-god(Greek Hero)8.1. Legend of Odysseus:The king of Ithaca, a leader of the Greeks in the Trojan War, who reached home after ten years of wandering.8.1.1. Lotus Eaters: a person who spends his time indulging in pleasure and luxury rather than dealing with practical concerns.On the tenth day after leaving Troy，and his men came to an island，where the people only took lotus fruit and flowers as their food．This plant had such a magic effect on its eaters that it could make them forget their past and produce a dreamy laziness over them．When Odysseus' men arrived，they were kindly invited by the people on the island to eat the sweet food．Its magic power began to work on the mimmediately．They fell into a deep daydream．They lost all wishes for future，To them the sea and ship appeared dull and hateful．And they were not eager to see wife，child and kingdom．When he saw no trace of his men coming back，Odysseus became suspicious．He set out with some well armed men to find out the truth．It did not take him long to find out the magic effect of the food．Not allowing his followers to touch the plant，he ordered them to drag their lazy friends back to their ship．There he had them tied to the benches until they slept off the harmful effect of the lotus．8.1.2. The SirensFar out in the sea there was an island，on the rocky edge of which lived three Sirens，the three sisters of magic song．Half human and half bird，the Siren sisters sat in a field of flowers，singing in voices that excited the hearts of men．The attractive songs were so sweet that ships were attracted to the island and struck to pieces on the rocks．No sailor nor ship had ever been known to pass the Island of the Sirens without being attracted to disaster ．Odysseus took careful preparation against the Sirens．Before their ships came to where they could hear the song，Odysseus had himself tied to the mast，stopped the ears of his men with wax and ordered them to ignore his orders and gestures when they were passing the fatal island ．Soon they came in sight of the rocky island，and the attractive song reached the ears of Odysseus．It moved him so much that he struggled in despair to free himself and shouted for his men to turn towards the rich and flowery grass land of the singing sisters．But no one paid any attention to him．The sailors kept straight on until theywere completely out of hearing．Then his friends freed him and took the wax out of their ears．For once the Sirens had sung with no effects．The eldest of the sisters，loved Odysseus so much that she threw herself into the sea after his ships had passed．siren 迷人的美女；汽笛；警报8.1.3. Odysseus and Trojan WarAt the end of nine years of Trojan War, a prophet predicted that Troy would not fall as long as the Palladium stayed within its walls. Odysseus went into the city in disguise and stole it out of the temple of the city. Then he designed a great wooden horse, in which some Greek soldiers hid themselves, and pretended to withdraw. The overjoyed Trojans believed that it was sent by Athena and hauled it into their capital. At night the hidden Greeks crawled out and threw the whold city into confusion. Troy was robbed.The Trojan Horse木马计；暗藏的危险；奸细the hidden danger; the covert wreckers （内奸）; to engage in underhand activitiesThe superpowers are always sending the Trojan horses to many countries in the world. They are defeated only because of the Trojan horse in their country.Greek Gift(s): a gift with some sinister purposes of the enemy; one given with intent to harm; a gift sent in order to murder sb. When the fox preaches,take care of your geese；阴谋害人的礼物；黄鼠狼拜年，不安好心He is always buying you expensive clothes, I'm afraid they are Greek gifts for you.当特洛伊人要把大木马拖进城的时候，祭司拉奥孔(Laocoon)劝说不要接受希腊人留下的东西。
六个经典的希腊神话丘比特和普赛克故事
The Golden Touch (Minas)Midas，was a King of Macedonian Bromium, where he ruled over the Brigians and planted his famous rose gardens．One day,the old hero Silenus，Dionysus' former teacher, was found sleeping and drunken in the rose gardens．The gardeners tied him and led him before Midas. Then Silenus told some wonderful tales to Midas. Midas enjoyed the tales very much and entertained Silenus for five days and nights, and then ordered a guide to lead him to Dionysus' headquarters．Dionysus，who had been worrying about Silenus，was glad to see him back and asked how Midas wished to be rewarded．He replied without hesitation：‘Please turn all I touch into gold. ' However, not only stones, flowers and the furniture of his house turned to gold. Midas was delighted at first then he found the water he want to drink and the food he want to eat turned to gold too. Midas soon begged to be freed from his wish, because he was fast dying of hunger and thirst. Dionysus told him to visit the source of the river Pactolus and there wash himself. He obeyed, and was at once freed from the golden touch, but the sands of the river Pactolusare bright with gold to this day．点金术弥达斯是马其顿勃洛弥恩的国王。
希腊罗马神话
谢谢
丘比特同意了。但 当他看到普赛克的时候， 他即可爱上了她。他不 能行使他妈妈的意愿。 同时，普赛克作国王的 父亲，想把普赛克嫁出 去。不幸的是，普赛克 太漂亮了，没有人愿意 娶她。她的父亲非常沮 丧，向阿波罗的神喻祈 求办法。神喻说，将普 赛克置于 山腰，一条大 毒蛇会将她带走。
On the mountain, Psyche waited patiently in despair. She sat and sat, but the serpent never came for her. Instead, Zephyr, the most gentle of winds, carried her away. In the morning, Psyche awoke. She looked around her and saw a castle. Intrigued, she wandered toward it. As she got closer, Psyche noticed that the palace was empty. Psyche neared the threshold and was surprised to hear voices calling her name. She entered the palace and listened as the voices directed her about her new home. "We are your servants. Everything you see around you is yours."
从前有个国王，他有三个女儿。普赛 克是最小的也是最漂亮的一个。她实在 太漂亮了，以致她那个国家的人都忽视 了爱与美的女神维纳斯，转而崇拜普赛 克。维纳斯开始的时候是嫉妒，后来就 试图寻找报复的办法。她向自己的儿子 丘比特求助，让他设法使普赛克爱上一 个可怕的魔鬼。
Cupid and Psyche 希腊神话
• Cupid[‘kju:pɪd] n.丘比特(罗马神话中的爱
神)
Cupidity [kjuː'pɪdɪtɪ] n.贪心，贪婪 Cupid n.鸡尾酒
• Eros ['iərɔs] n.厄洛斯（爱神） Erotic [ɪ‘rɒtɪk] a.色情的 n.好色之 徒
Psyche
• Daughter of a king • Her beauty could be compared with that of Goddess Venus. • Many people mistook her for Venus herself, and offered her the garlands（花环） which they had bought for Venus.
• Venus’s revenge • Cupid fall in love with Psyche
Outline
Cupid fall in love with Psyche
• As soon as Cupid saw Psyche, he was so surprised by her beauty • Wounded himself with his own arrow • He fell in love with Psyche
• Venus [‘viːnəs] Venus n.金星
•
维纳斯（爱与美的女神）
Aphrodite[,æfrə'daɪti]
阿佛洛狄特
• Venus’ revenge
Outline
Venus's revenge
Venus was very angry,determined to take revenge on Psyche. • she told Cupid to shoot Psyche with one of his golden pointed arrows, let her fall in love with some wretched (可怜的)beggar, the most degraded（卑贱的） that could be found. BACK •
丘比特故事的主要内容
丘比特故事的主要内容
丘比特（Cupid）是罗马神话中的爱神，相当于希腊神话中的厄洛斯（Eros）。
他通常被描述为一个拿着弓箭的小天使，能够让人们坠入爱河。
丘比特的故事有很多版本，但其中最著名的是与普赛克（Psyche）的爱情故事。
普赛克是一位拥有令人惊叹的美貌的凡人女子，她的美丽甚至让天后维纳斯（Venus，希腊神话中的阿佛洛狄忒 Aphrodite）感到嫉妒。
维纳斯想要惩罚普赛克，于是派出她的儿子丘比特去让普赛克爱上一个丑陋的男人。
然而，当丘比特看到普赛克时，他自己却不小心被自己的箭射中，深深地爱上了她。
丘比特将普赛克带到一个隐秘的宫殿里，每晚与她相会，但他禁止她看到他的真面目。
普赛克的姐妹们嫉妒她的好运，劝说她在夜里点亮灯光查看丘比特的真实身份。
普赛克忍不住好奇心，当她看到帅气的丘比特时，一滴油不小心滴到了丘比特的身上，惊醒了他。
由于普赛克违反了约定，丘比特离开了她。
失去丘比特后，普赛克四处寻找他，最终来到维纳斯那里。
维纳斯给了普赛克一系列几乎不可能完成的任务，希望通过这些任务来摧毁普赛克。
然而，普赛克凭借她的决心、智慧和一些帮助，最终完成了所有任务。
最后，丘比特和普赛克重归于好，并得到了宙斯（Zeus，罗马神话中的朱庇特 Jupiter）的祝福。
普赛克被赋予了不朽，与丘比特永远在一起。
这个故事不仅是关于爱情的神话，也包含了对忠诚、勇气、坚持和信任的考验。
丘比特与普赛克的爱情故事是西方文化中关于爱情的经典叙述之一。
对安东尼.卡诺瓦的雕塑“丘比特与普塞克(cupid and psyche)”的解析
原则与观念（principle and conception）
新古典主义（Neoclassicism），是一种新的复古运动。 兴起于18世纪的罗马，并迅速在欧美地区扩展的艺术运 动，影响了装饰艺术、建筑、绘画、文学、戏剧和音乐 等众多领域。新古典主义，一方面起于对巴洛克 （Baroque）和洛可可（Rococo）艺术的反动，另一 方面则是希望以重振古希腊、古罗马的艺术为信念(亦即 反对华丽的装饰，尽量以俭朴的风格为主)。新古典主义 的艺术家刻意从风格与题材模仿古代艺术。
策略（policy）
大理石精细的雕刻打磨 雕塑结构造型上的严谨以及缜密的思考。
使用和当时艺术时期不相符合的风格进行创作
标准（standard）
利用大理石的材质特征尽可能的复刻作者想象的丘比特 与普塞克。 具有能唤起大众对爱的欲望。
要素（element）
大理石雕塑 希腊神话
禁忌之恋
X造型 神性和人性 爱情 新古典主义风格
变数（variable）
此作品是卡诺瓦在大理石雕刻中唯一一个运用交叉构图 的雕塑。 创作丘比特形象时，作者不采用小孩子或者年轻人的形 象。（作者创作时年龄大概为24-28岁，与雕塑年龄相 仿。） PSYCHE这个名词的解释有：1.神话故事；2.灵魂；3. 心理学中的自我；4.心理学中的自性。
时尚形态与艺术型态课程
对雕塑“丘比特与普塞克”的解析
安东尼奥.卡诺瓦
安东尼.卡诺瓦（antonio canova）(1757-1822) 意大利新古典主义雕塑家，他的作品标志雕塑从巴洛克 时期走进新古典时期。
动机（Motive）
通过丘比特与普塞克的故事背景，利用永恒的爱的主题 探索古希腊神话延续传承的新形式。 通过对爱的表达唤起人们对古希腊，古罗马文化的兴趣。
Cupid_and_Psyche_希腊神话
• Venus had a winged son, named Cupid, the god of love. • Cupid always carried his bow(弓) and arrows wherever he went. • Of the arrows, there were two kinds: the gold-tripped arrows used to quicken the pulse（激情） of love, and the leadtripped（铅头箭） ones to palsy（中止） i
Psyche was so scared after the last sound of human footsteps had died away. But instead of being carried away by a monster, she was lifted gently by the soft wings of Zephyrus（泽费罗斯 （西风之神）, the God of west wind, and was sent to a peaceful and sweet valley. The valley was so sweet that Psyche forget her fears and fell asleep. When she woke up,she saw a wonderful palace,she timidly（胆小地） entered the doors,what waiting for her are splendid（美丽 的） rooms and high quality servants.she enjoyed herself very much.
希腊神话故事：爱神丘比特的故事
爱神丘⽐特的故事 丘⽐特⼀直被⼈们喻为爱情的象征，相传他是⼀个顽⽪的、⾝上长着翅膀的⼩神，他的箭⼀旦插⼊青年男⼥的⼼上，便会使他们深深相爱。
在古希腊神话中，他是美神和爱神Aphrodite的⼩⼉⼦Eros。
在罗马神话中，他叫丘⽐特(Cupid)，他的母亲是维纳斯。
下⾯的传说讲述了丘⽐特和凡间少⼥Psyche的爱情故事。
相传有⼀位国王和王后⽣了三个美丽的⼥⼉，最⼩的Psyche尤其因为她的美貌⽽闻名。
维纳斯⾮常嫉妒她，便命令丘⽐特去惩罚她。
然⽽丘⽐特⼀见到Psyche便深深爱上了她，并使她成为⾃⼰的妻⼦。
Psyche在神殿⾥过着优裕的⽣活，但由于她是凡⼈，却始终看不到丘⽐特的⾯容，为此，她很郁闷。
她的两个姐姐很嫉妒她在神殿⾥的⽣活，便骗她说丘⽐特是个恶魔，并怂恿她晚上偷看他。
待她晚上点上油灯看到丘⽐特之后，才知他原来是个英俊少年。
丘⽐特被惊醒后，愤怒⽽去。
宫殿、花园随之消失了，Psyche发现⾃⼰⼀个⼈躺在⼀个荒野上。
Psyche到处寻找丈夫，不觉来到维纳斯的神殿。
为了毁掉她，这位爱神给她布置了很多艰巨⽽⼜危险的任务。
最后⼀项任务便是叫她把⼀个空盒⼦交给Proserpine(冥府的王后)，并从她那⾥带回⼀盒⼦美容。
途中，⼀个声⾳⼀直指引着她如何摆脱各种死亡的威胁，并警告她取回盒⼦后，⽆论如何不能打开。
Psyche克服了种种困难，终于完成了任务。
返回途中，她的好奇⼼还是驱使她打开了盒⼦。
⾥⾯装的哪是什么美容，⽽是地狱⾥的睡眠⿁。
它从盒中逸出，附在Psyche⾝上，使她成了⼀具睡⼫。
丘⽐特发现Psyche僵睡在地上，便从她⾝上抓起睡⿁，重新装在盒⼦⾥。
丘⽐特原谅了她，维纳斯也原谅了她。
众神被她对丘⽐特执着的爱情感动了，便赐她⼀碗长⽣不⽼羹，并封她为⼥神。
这样，Psyche与丘⽐特终于结为伉俪。
丘比特与赛姬(英文版)Psyche_and_Eros cupid
Appendix: Activity 1.1.7CUPID AND PSYCHE‘O nce upon a time there lived a king and queen who had three very beautiful daughters. They were so beautiful, in fact, that it was only just possible to find words of praise for the elder two, and to express the breath-taking loveliness of the youngest, the like of which had never been seen before, was beyond all power of human speech. Every day thousands of her father’s subjects came to gaze at her, foreigners too, and were so dumbfounded by the sight that they paid her the homage due to the Goddess Venus alone. They pressed their right thumbs and forefingers together, reverently raised them to their lips and blew kisses towards her. The news of her matchless beauty spread through neighboring cities and countries. Some reported: "Immortal Venus, born from the deep blue sea and risen to Heaven from its foam, has descended on earth and is now incarnate as a mortal at whom everyone is allowed to gaze." Others: "No, this time the earth, not the sea, has been impregnated by a heavenly emanation and96has borne a new Goddess of Love, all the more beautiful because she is still a virgin." The princess’s fame was carried farther and farther in distant provinces and still more distant ones and people made long pilgrimages over land and sea to witness the greatest wonder of their age. As a result, no body took the trouble to visit Venus’s shrines at Cyprian Paphos or Carian Cnidos or even in the isle of Cythera where her lovely foot first touched dry land; her festivals were neglected, her rites discontinued, the cushions on which her statues had been propped at her sacred temple feasts were kicked about the floor, the statues themselves were left without their usual garlands, her altars were unswept and cluttered with the foul remains of months-old burned sacrifices, her temples were allowed to fall into ruins.‘When the young princess went out on her morning walks through the streets, victims were offered in her honour, sacred feasts spread for her, flowers scattered in her path, and rose garlands presented to her by an adoring crowd of suppliants who addressed her by all the titles that really belonged to the Great Goddess of Love herself. This extraordinary transfer of divine honours to a mortal naturally angered the true Venus. Unable to suppress her feelings, she shook her head menacingly and said to herself: "Really now, whoever would have thought that I’d be treated like this? I, all the world’s lovely Venus whom the philosophers call ‘the Universal Mother’ and the original source of all five elements! So I’m expected to share my sovereignty, am I, with a mortal who goes about pretending to be myself? And to watch my bright name, which is registered in Heaven,being dragged through the dirty mud of the earth! Oh, yes, and I must be content, of course, with the reflected glory of worship paid97to this girl, grateful for a share in the expiatory sacrifices offered to her instead of me? It means nothing, I suppose when the shepherd Paris whose just and honest verdict Jupiter himself confirmed, awarded me the apple of beauty over the heads of my two goddess rivals? No, it’s quite absurd. I can’t let this silly creature, whoever she may be, usurp my glory any longer. I’ll very soon make her sick and sorry about her good looks: they are dead against the rules."‘She at once called her winged son Eros, alias Cupid, that very wicked boy, with neither manners nor respect for the decencies, who spends his time running from building to building all night long with his torch and his arrows, breaking up respectable homes. Somehow he never gets punished for all the harm he does, though he never seems to do anything good in compensation. Venus knew that he was naturally bent on mischief, but she tempted him to still worse behavior by bringing him to the city where the princess lived—her name, by the way, was Psyche—and telling him the whole story of the new cult that had grown up around her. Groaning with indignation she said: "I implore you, darling, as you love your mother, to use your dear little arrows and that sweet torch of yours against this impudent girl. If you have any respect for me, you’ll give me my revenge, revenge in full. You’ll see that the princ ess falls desperately in love with some perfect outcast of a man—someone who has lost rank, fortune, everything, someone who goes about in terror his life and in such complete degradation that nobody viler can be found in the whole world."‘And she kissed him long and tenderly and then went to the near by sea-shore, where she ran along the tops of the waves as they98danced foaming towards her. At the touch of her rosy feet the whole sea suddenly calmed, and she had no sooner willed the powers of the deep to appear, than up they bobbed as though she had shouted their names. The Nereids were there, singing a part song; and Neptune, sometimes called Portumnus, with his blueish beard; his wife Salacia, the naughty goddess of the deep sea, with a lapful of aphrodisiac fish; and little Palaemon, their charioteer, riding on a dolphin. After these came troops of Tritons swimming about in all directions, one blowing softly on his conch-shell, another protecting Venus from sunburn with a silk parasol, a third holding a mirror for her to admire herself in, and a whole team of them, yoked two and two, harnessed to her car. When Venus goes for an ocean cruise she’s attended by quite an army of retainers.‘Meanwhile Psyche got no satisfaction at all from the honours pai d her. Everyone stared at her, everyone praised her, but no commoner, no prince, no king even, dared to make love to her. All wondered at her beauty, but only as they might have wondered at an exquisite statue. Both her less beautiful elder sisters, whose reputation was not so great, had been courted by kings and successfully married to them, but Psyche remained single. She stayed at home feeling very miserable and rather ill, and began to hate the beauty which everyone else adored.‘Her poor father feared that the gods might be angry with him for allowing his subjects to make so much of her, so he went to the ancient oracle of Apollo at Miletus and, after the usual prayers and sacrifices, asked where he was to find a husband for his daughter whom nobody wanted to marry. Apollo, though an99Ionian Greek and the true founder of Miletus, chose to deliver the following oracle in Latin verse:On some high mountain’s craggy summit placeThe virgin, decked for deadly nuptial rites,Nor hope a son-in-law of mortal birthBut a dire mischief, viperous and fierce,Who flies through aether and with fire and swordTires and debilitates all things that are.Terrific to the powers that reign on high,Great Jupiter himself fears this winged pestAnd streams and Stygian shades his power abhor.‘The king, who until now had been a happy man, came slowly back from the oracle feeling thoroughly depressed. And told his queen what an unfavourable answer he had got. They spent several miserable days brooding over their daughter’s fa te and weeping all the while. But time passed, and the cruel oracle had to be obeyed.‘The hour came when a procession formed up for Psyche’s dreadful wedding. The torches chosen were ones that burned low with a sooty, spluttering flame; instead of the happy wedding-march the flutes played a querulous Lydian lament; the marriage chant ended with funereal howls, and the poor bride wiped the tears from her eyes with the corner of her flame-coloured veil. Everyone turned out, groaning sympathetically at the calamity that had overtaken the royal house, and a day of public mourning was at once proclaimed. But there was no help for it: Apollo’s oracle had to be obeyed. So when the preliminaries of this hateful ceremony had been completed in deep grief, the bridal procession100‘moved off, followed by the entire city, and at the head of it walked Psyche with the air of a woman going to her grave, not her bridal bed.‘Her parents, overcome with grief and horror, tried to delay things b holding up the procession, but Psyche herself opposed them. "Poor Father, poor Mother, why torment yourselves by prolonging your grief unnecessarily? You are old enough to know better. Why increase my distress by crying and shrieking yourselves hoarse? Why spoil the two faces that I love best in the world by crying your eyes sore and pulling out your beautiful white hair? Why beat your dear breasts until my own heart aches again? Now, too late, you at last see the reward that my beauty has earned you; the curse of divine jealousy for the extravagant honours paid me. When the people all over the world celebrated me as the New Venus and offered me sacrifices, then was the time for you to grieve and weep as though I were already dead; I see now, I see it as clearly as daylight, that the one cause of all my misery is this blasphemous use of the Goddess’s name. So lead me up to the rock of the oracle. I am looking forward to my lucky bridal night and my marvellous husband. Why should I hesitate? Why should I shrink from him, even if he has been born for the destruction of the whole world?‘She walked resolutely forward: The crowds followed her up to the rock at the top of the hill, where they left her. They returned to their homes in deep dejection, extinguishing the wedding torches with their tears, and throwing them away. Her broken-hearted parents shut themselves up in their palace behind closed doors and heavily curtained windows.‘Psyche was left alone weeping and trembling at the very top101of the hill, until a friendly west wind suddenly sprang up. It played around her, gradually swelling out her skirt and veil and cloak until it lifted her off the ground and carried her slowly down into a valley at the foot of a hill, where she found herself gently laid on a bed of the softest turf, starred with flowers.‘It was such a cool, comfortable place to lie that she began to feel rather more composed. She stopped crying and fell asleep, and when she awoke, feeling thoroughly refreshed, it was still daylight. She rose and walked calmly towards the tall trees of a near-by wood, through which a clear stream was flowing. This stream led her to the heart of the wood where she came upon a royal palace too wonderfully built to be the work of anyone but a god; in fact, as soon as she came in at the gates she knew that some god must be in residence there.‘The ceiling, exqu isitely carved in citrus wood and ivory, was supported by golden columns; the walls were sheeted with silver on which figures of all the beasts in the world were embossed and seemed to be running towards Psyche as she came in. They were clearly the work of some demi-god, if not a full god, and the pavement was a mosaic of all kinds of precious stones arranged to form pictures. How lucky, how very lucky anyone would be to have the chance of walking on a jewelled floor like that! And the other parts of the palace which was a very large one, were just as beautiful, and just asfabulously costly. The walls were faced with massive gold blocks which glittered so brightly with their own radiance that the house had a daylight of its own even when the sun refused to shine: every room and portico and doorway streamed with light, and the furniture matched the rooms. Indeed, it seemed the sort of palace that Jupiter himself102might have build as his earthly residence. Psyche was entranced. She went timorously up the steps, and after a time dared to cross the threshold. The beauty of the hall lured her on; and every new sight added to her wonder and admiration. When well inside the palace she came on splendid treasure chambers stuffed with unbelievable riches; every wonderful thing that anyone could possibly imagine was there. But what amazed her even more than the stupendous wealth of this world treasury, was that no single chain, bar, lock or armed guard protected it.‘As she stood gazing in rapt delight, a voice sudden ly spoke from nowhere: "Do these treasures astonish your Royal Highness? They are all yours. Why not go to your bedroom now, and rest your tired body. When you feel inclined for your bath, we will be there to help you—this is one of your maids speaking—and afterwards you will find your wedding banquet ready for you."‘Psyche was grateful to the unknown Providence that was taking such good care of her and did as the disembodied voice suggested. First she found her bedroom and dozed off again for awhile, then she went to the bath, where invisible hands undressed her, washed her, anointed her and dressed her again in her bridal costume. As she wandered out of the bathroom she noticed a semi-circular table with a comfortable chair in front of it; it was laid for a banquet, though there was nothing yet on it to eat or drink. She sat down expectantly—and at once nectarous wines and appetizing dishes appeared by magic, floating up to her of their own accord. She saw nobody at all; the waiters were mere voices, and when someone came in and sang someone else accompanied him on the lyre, she saw neither of them, nor the lyre either. Then a whole invisible choir burst into song. 103‘When this delightful banquet was over, Psyche thought it must be about time to go to bed, so she went to her bedroom again and undressed and lay awake for a long time.Towards midnight she heard a gentle whispering near her, and began to feel lonely and scared. Anything might happen in a vast uninhabited place like this, and she had fears for her chastity. But no, it was the whisper of her unknown husband.‘Now he was climbing into bed with her. Now he was taking her into his arms and making her his wife.‘He left her hastily just before daybreak, and almost at once she heard the voices of her maids reassuring her that though she had lost her virginity, her chastity was safe. So she went to sleep again.‘The next d ay she made herself more at home in her palace, and on the following night her invisible husband paid her another visit. The third day and night were spent in the same way until, as one might expect, the novelty of having invisible servants wore off and she settled down to what was a very enjoyable routine; at any rate she could not feel lonely with so many voices about her.‘Meanwhile the old king and queen were doing exactly what she had asked them not to do—wasting their time in unnecessary grief and tea rs; and the news of Psyche’s sad fate spread from country to country until both her elder sisters heard all the details. They left their palaces and hurried back in deep grief to their native city to console their parents.‘On the night of their arrival Psyche’s husband, whom she still knew only by touch and hearing, warned her: "Lovely Psyche, darling wife, the Fates are cruel: you are in deadly danger. Guard against it vigilantly. Your elder sisters are alarmed at the report of your death. They will soon be visiting the rock from which104the West Wind blew you down into this valley, to see whether they can find any trace of you there. If you happen to hear them mourning for you up there, pay no attention at all. You must not answer them, nor even look up to them; for that would cause me great unhappiness and bring utter ruin on yourself."‘Psyche promised to do as her husband asked; but when the darkness had vanished, and so had he, the poor girl spent the whole day in tears, complaining over and over again that not only was she a prisoner in this wonderful palace without a single human being to chat with, but her husband had now forbidden her to relieve the minds of her poor sisters, or even to look up at them without speaking. That night she went to bed without supperor bath or anything else to comfort her, and soaked her pillow with tears. Her husband came in earlier than usual, drew her to him, still weeping, and expostulated gently with her, "O Psyche, what did you promise me? What may I expect you to do next? You have cried all day and all evening and even now when I hold you close to me, you go on crying. Very well, then, do as you like, follow your own disastrous fancies; but I warn you solemnly that when you begin to wish you had listened to me, the harm will have been done."‘She pleaded earnestly with him, swearing she would die unless she were allowed to see her sisters and comfort them and have a short talk with them. In the end she forced him to consent. He even said that she might give them as much jewelry as she pleased; but he warned her with terrifying insistence that her sisters were evil-minded women and would try to make her discover what he looked like. If she listened to them her sacri-105legious curiosity would mean the end of all her present happiness and she would never lie in his arms again.‘She thanked him for his kindness and was quite herself again. ‘No, no," she protested, "I’d rather die a hundred times over than lose you. I have no idea who you are but I love you. I love y ou desperately, I love you as I love my own soul; I wouldn’t exchange your kisses for the kisses of the God Cupid himself. So please, please grant me one more favour! Tell your servant, the West Wind, to carry my sisters down here in the same delightful way that he carried me." She kissed him coaxingly, whispered love-words in his ear, wound her arms and legs more closely around him and called him: "My honey, my own husband, soul of my soul!" Overcome by the power of her love he was forced to yield, however reluctantly, and promised to give her what she asked. But he vanished again before daybreak.106TOPCUPID AND PSYCHE (II)M EANWHILE Psyche’s sisters enquired their way to the rock where she had been abandoned. Hurrying there they wept and beat their breasts until the cliffs re-echoed. "Psyche! Psyche!" they screamed. The shrill cry reached the valley far below and Psyche ran out of her palace in feverish excitement, crying: "Sisters, dear sisters, why are you mourning for me? There’s no need for that at all. Here am I, Psyche herself! Please, please stop that terrible noise and dry your tears. In a moment you’ll be able to embrace me."’Then she whistled up the West Wind, and gave him her husband’s orders. He at once obliged with one of his gentle puffs, and wafted them safely down to her. The three sisters embraced and kissed rapturously. Soon they were shedding tears of joy, not of sorrow. "Come in now," said Psyche, "come in with me to see my new home. It will make you both very happy." "She showed them her treasure chambers and they heard the voices107of the big retinue of invisible slaves. She ordered a wonderful bath for them and feasted them splendidly at her magical table. But this revelation of Psyche’s goddess-like prosperity made them both miserably jealous—particularly the younger one, who was always very inquisitive. She was dying to know who owned all this fabulous wealth; so she pressed Psyche to tell her what sort of a man her husband was, and how he treated her.‘Psyche was loyal to her promise and gave away nothing: but she made up a story for the occasion. She said lightly that, oh, her husband was a very handsome young man, with a little downy beard, and spent all his time hunting in the neighboring hills and valleys. But when her sisters began to cross-examine her she grew afraid. Suppose she contradicted herself or made a slip or broke her promise? She loaded them both with jewelled pins and rings, festooned them with precious necklaces, then summoned the West Wind and asked him to fetch them away at once. He carried them up to the rock, and on their way back to the city the poison of envy began working again in their hearts.‘The elder said: "How blindly and cruelly and unjustly fortune has treated us! Do you think it fair that we three sisters should be given such different destinies? You and I are the two eldest, yet we get exiled from our home and friends and married off to foreigners who treat us like slaves; whi le Psyche, the result of Mother’s last feeble effort at child-bearing, is given the most marvellous palace in existence and a god for a husband, and doesn’t even know how to make proper use of her tremendous wealth. Did you ever see such masses of amazing jewels, such cupboardsful of embroidered dresses? Why, the very floors were made of gems set in solid gold! If her husband is really as good-108looking as she says, she is quite the luckiest woman in the whole world. The chances are that if he remains as fond of her as he is at present he will make her a goddess. And, my goodness, wasn't she behaving as if she were one already, with her proud looks and condescending airs? She’s only flesh and blood after all, yet she orders the winds about and has a palac eful of invisible attendants. How I hate her! My husband’s older than Father, balder than a pumpkin and as puny as little boy; and he locks up everything in the house with bolts and chains."‘"My husband," said the younger sister, "is even worse than yours. He’s doubled up with sciatica, which prevents him from sleeping with me more than once in a blue moon, and his fingers are so crooked and knobby with gout that I have to spend half my time massaging them You remember what beautiful white hands I used to have? Well, look what a state they are in now from messing about with his stinking fomentations and disgusting salves and filthy plasters! ‘m treated more like a surgeon’s assistant than a queen. You’re altogether too patient, my dear; in fact, if you will excuse my saying so, you’re positively servile, the way you accept this monstrous state of affairs. Personally, I simply can’t stand seeing my youngest sister living in such undeserved style. I’m glad you noticed how haughtily she treated us, how she bragged of her wealth and how stingy with her presents she was. Then, the moment she got bored with our visit, she whistled up the wind and had us blown off the premises. But I’ll be ashamed to call myself a woman, if I don’t see that she gets toppled down fro m her pinnacle before long and flung into the gutter. And if you feel as bitter as you ought to feel at the way109she’s insulted us both, what about joining forces and working out some plan for humbling her?"‘"I’m with you," said the elder sister. "And in the first place I suggest that we show nobody, not even Father and Mother, these presents of hers, and let nobody know that she’s still alive. It’s bad enough to have seen her reveling in her good luck, without having to bring the news home to be spread all over the place; and there’s no pleasure in being rich unless people hear about it. Psyche must be made to realize that we’re not her servants, but her elder sisters."‘"Good," said the younger one. "We’ll go back to our shabby homes and our shabby old husbands without telling Father and Mother anything. But when either of us thinks of a good plan for humbling Psyche’s pride, let’s come here again and boldly put it into operation."‘The two bad sisters shook hands on this. They hid the valuable presents that Psyche had given them and, as they neared their father’s palace, each began scratching her face and tearing out her hair in pretended grief at having found no trace of their sister; which made the king and queen sadder than ever. Then they separated: each went back full of malicious rage to her own adopted country, thinking of ways for ruining her innocent sister, even if it meant killing her.‘Meanwhile, Psyche’s unseen husband gave her another warning. He asked her one night: "Do you realize that a dangerous storm is brewing in the far distance? It will soon be on you and unless you take the most careful precautions, it will sweep you away. These treacherous bitch-wolves are scheming for our destruction: they will urge you to look at my face, though as110I have often told you, once you see it, you lose me for ever. So if these hateful vampires come to visit you again—and I know very well that they will—you must refuse to speak to them. Or, if this is too difficult for a girl as open-hearted and simple as yourself, you must at least take care not to answer any questions about me. Pretend that you have not heard them. This is most important, because we have a family on the way: though you are still only a child, you will soon have a child of your own which shall be born divine if you keep our secret, but mortal if you divulge it."‘Psyche was exultant when she heard that she might have a god for a baby. She began excitedly counting the months and days that must pass before it was born. But she knew very few of the facts of life and could not make out why the mere breach of her maiden head was having so odd an affect on her figure.‘The wicked sisters were now hurrying to Psyche’s palace again, with the ruthless hate of Furies, and once more she was warned: "Today is the fatal day. Your enemies are near. They have struck camp, marshaled their forces and sounded the ‘Charge’. They are enemies of your own sex and blood. They are your elder sisters, rushing at your with drawn swords aimed at your throat. O darling Psyche, what dangers surround us! Have pity on yourself and on our unborn child! Keep my secret safe and so guard us all from the destruction that threatens us. Refuse to see those wicked women. They have forfeited the right to be called your sisters because of the deadly hate they bare you. Forbid them to come here, refuse to listen to them when, like Sirens leaning over the cliff, they make the rocks echo with their unlucky voices. Preserve absolute silence."111‘Psyche, her voice broken with s obs, said: "Surely you can trust me? The last time my sisters came to visit me I gave you convincing proof of my loyalty and my power of keeping a secret; it will be the same again tomorrow. Only tell the West Wind to do his duty as before, and allow me to have a sight, at least, of my sisters; as a very poor consolation for never seeing you, my darling. These fragrant curls dangling all round your head; these cheeks as tender and smooth as my own; this breast which gives out such extraordinary heat; oh, how I look forward to finding out what you are really like by studying my baby’s face! So please be sweet and humour my craving—it will be bad for the baby if you refuse—and make your Psyche happy. You and I love each other so much.I promise that if you let me see them I won’t be so frightened of the dark or anxious to look at you when I have you safe in my arms, light of my life!" Her voice and sweet caresses broke down his resistance. He wiped her eyes dry with his hair, granted what she asked, and as usual disappeared again before the day broke.‘The wicked sisters landed together at the nearest port and, not even troubling to visit their parents, hurried straight to the rock above the valley and with extraordinary daring leaped down from it without waiting for the breeze to belly out their robes. However, the West Wind was bound to obey standing orders, reluctant though he might be: he caught them in his robe as they fell and brought them safely to the ground.‘They rushed into the palace crying: "Sister, dear sister, where are you?" and embraced their victim with what she took for deep affection. Then, with cheerful laughter masking their treachery, they cried: "Why, Psyche, you’re not nearly so slim as you used112to be. You’ll be a mother before very long. We’re dying to see what sort of a baby it’s going to be, and Father and Mother will be absolutely delighted with the news. Oh, how we shall love to nurse your golden baby for you. If it takes after its parents, as it ought to, it will be a perfect little Cupid."‘They gradually wormed themselves into her confidence. Seeing that they were tired, she invited them to sit down and rest while water was heated for them; and when they had。
希腊神话：厄洛斯(丘比特)Eros(Cupid) Eros(Cupid)
希腊神话：厄洛斯(丘比特)Eros(Cupid)Eros(Cupid) Eros was the god of love，better known by his latin name Cupid.Son of Aphrodite by Ares ，he took his place among the small gods of Olympus.He was represented as a little naked boy，with sparkling wings，and he carried his bow and arrows wherever he wandered.Shooting his thrilling arrows in evils，he inspired the passion of love and provided all nature with life and power of reproduction.The lovely，naughty god had two kinds of arrows：the gold tipped arrows used to quicken the pulse of love and the lead tipped ones to palsy it. Besides，he had a torch to light hearts with.Though sometimes he was blindfolded ，no man nor god，Zeus himself included，was safe from his evils.At one time the little naughty god was wounded by his own arrows and such burning love was awakened in him for the human maiden Psyche that he disregarded the constant interference of his mother and plucked up his courage to beg Zeus for justice.Another famous story where Eros played an important part was the Aeronautic expedition.Medea，daughter of king Aeetes，was wounded by Eros' arrows，took Jason's part in recovering the golden fleece and eventually became the hero's wife.厄洛斯(丘比特)厄洛斯是爱神，它的拉丁名称丘比特更为人熟知。