小水电[英文]
电力建设电气英语常用词汇
电力建设电气英语常用词汇一、技术词汇（一）综合名词1.电;电学 electricity2.电的;电气的 electrical3.电的;用电的 electric4.用电 electrically5.电气化 electrification;electrify6.电源 power supply;power source7.能 energy8.能源 electrical energy9.能量 energy;capabilities10.能耗 energy consumption11.原子能 atomic energy12.能源工业 energy industry13.电能 electric energy14.电力 electric power;power15.电业 electric utility16.电力工业 power industry17.电力系统 power system18.电力网 power network19.电力工程 electric power project20.电机工程 electrical engineering21.电力技术 power technology22.电工技术electrotechnics 23.电讯技术telecommunication technology24.电子技术 electronics technology25.标称电力 nominal power26.电力供应 supply of electricity27.电力消耗 power consumption28.供电 supply electricity or power29.配电 (power)distribution30.配电网 distribution network31.供电干线 supply main32.电力线 power line33.电力馈线 power feeder34.输电线路 transmission line35.高压电力网 high-tension network36.超高压电力网 extrahigh-tension network37.发电站 power station or utility38.发电厂 power plant39.火力发电厂 thermal power plant40.水力发电厂 hydraulic power plant41.原子能发电厂 atomic power plant42.地热发电厂 geothermal power plant43.风力发电厂 wind power station44.热电厂 power-and-heating plant45.升压站 step-up station46.降压站 step-down station47.开关站 switch station48.变电所;配电站 substation49.升压变电所 step-up substation50.降压变电所 step-down substation51.户外变电所 outdoor substation52.户内变电所 indoor substation53.中心变电所 central substation54.枢纽变电所 pivotal substation55.高压变电所 high-voltage substation56.低压变电所 low-voltage substation57.用户变电所 user substation58.配电装置 distributing equipment59.控制室 control room60.中央控制室 center control room61.集中控制室 centralization control room62.主控制室 main control room63.开关室 switch room64.交流电 alternating current(A.C.)65.直流电 direct current(D.C.)66.自动;自动化 automatic;auto67.自动化 automatization68.半自动 semi-automatic69.手动 manual70.热力系统 heating power system71.供汽系统 supply steam system72.供热系统 heating system73.热机系统 heat engine system74.燃烧系统 fire system 75.输煤系统 transmission coal system76.输灰系统 transport ash system77.自动控制 automatic control78.自动测量 automatic measurement79.自动信号 automatic signal80.自动报警系统 automatic alarm system81.自动监测系统 automatic monitor system82.遥控 telecontrol83.遥测 telemetering84.遥信 telecom85.远动化 telemechanisation86.接地系统 earthing or grounding system87.接地网 earth network;ground network88.不接地电网 earthfree network89.大电流接地电网 large current earth network90.通讯系统 communication system91.载波通讯 carrier communication92.微波通讯 microwave communication93.调度通讯 dispatch communication94.调度系统dispatch’s system95.系统调度 telecommand96.保护装置 protection;protector97.保安装置 protective device98.保安措施 security measures99.电力计量 power measurement100.电价 electrovalence（二）容量101.功 work(A)102.容量;功率;电容 capacity(cap.)103.额定容量 rating capacity104.总容量 aggregate capacity105.最大容量 end capacity106.最大需求容量 maximun needs capacity 107.可用容量 available capacity108.备用容量 idle capacity109.断续(负载)容量 duty cycle capacity 110.断路容量 broken circuit capacity111.功率;电力 power(P.,p.)112.电功率 electric power113.总功率;总容量 aggregate capacity114.标称功率 nominal power115.额定功率 rating power116.有功功率 active power117.无功功率 reactive power;reactive capacity(Q) 118.视在功率 apparent power(S)119.输入功率 input power120.输出功率 output power121.容许功率 power-carrying122.功率三角形 power triangle123.功率因素 power factor(P.F.)124.马力 horsepower 125.额定马力 rated horsepower126.系数;率;因素 co-efficient127.效率 efficiency(eff.)128.有效的 effictive(eff.)（三）电压129.电位 (electric)potential130.电位差 potential difference131.电势;电动势 electro-motive force(EMF)132.电压 voltage;electric tension133.端电压 terminal potential134.线电压 line voltage135.相电压line to neutral wire voltage 136.额定电压rated voltage137.输入电压 input voltage138.输出电压 output voltage139.短路电压 short circuit voltage140.阻抗电压(压降) impedance voltage141.动作电压 action voltage142.电压比 voltage ratio143.变压比 transformer ratio144.分接电压 voltage & tappings145.分接位置 tappings position146.电压调正(节) voltage regutation147.升压 step-up;an increase in voltage 148.降压 step-down;a decrease in voltage149.递增 increase progressively150.递减 decrease progressively151.低压 low- voltage152.中压 medium- voltage153.高压 high- voltage154.超高压 extrahigh voltage;extrahigh tension 155.外施高压applied high voltage156.耐压 voltage-resisting157.感应电压 induced voltage158.工频耐压 power-frequency resist voltage 159.工频放电电压 power-frequency spark over voltage 160.雷电冲击电压 thunder bolt shock voltage161.干闪络电压 dry-flashover162.湿闪络电压 wet-flashover voltage163.偏压 bias voltage;bias164.截止电压 cut-off bias165.整定电压 setting voltage166.整定范围 setting range167.把手位置 handle position168.返回系数 return co-efficient（四）电流169.电流 current;electric current170.额定电流 rated current171.输入电流 input current172.输出电流 output current 173.空载电流 No-load current174.负载电流 load current175.短路电流 short circuit current176.开断电流 open circuit current177.额定断路电流rated broken circuit current 178.动作电流act current179.电流密度 current density180.电流强度 current intensity181.动稳定电流 dynamic-stable current182.热稳定电流 heat-stable current183.动平衡电流dynamic-equilibrium current 184.励磁涌流field pour current185.励磁电流 field current186.感应电流 induced current187.脉冲电流 pulsating current188.载波电流 carrier current189.无效电流 idle current190.分路电流 branch current191.反向电流 reverse current192.起动电流 start current193.充电电流 charge current194.冲击电流 shock current195.返回电流 return current196.整定电流 setting current197.泄漏 leak;leakage198.泄漏电流 leakage current199.电容电流 capacitive current200.电感电流 inductive current201.零序电流 zero sequence current202.接地电流 earth connection current203.合闸(线圈)电流 switch-on(coil) current204.分闸(线圈)电流 switch-off(coil) current205.电流比 current ratio206.闭合电流 closed circuit current207.准确度级 accurate class208.趋肤效应 Kelvin effect（五）阻抗209.电阻 resistance210.电感 inductance211.电容 capacitance(cap.)212.阻抗 impedance213.电抗 reactance(X,x)214.感抗 inductive reactance215.容抗 capacitive reactance216.阻抗三角形 impedance triangle217.勾股弦定律 proposition the Pythagorean theorem 218.欧姆定律Ohm’s law219.阻容 resistanse capacitance(R.C.)220.互阻 transresistance221.互导;互纳 transadmittance222.互抗 transreactance 223.互感 mutual inductance224.电导 conductance225.电导率;导电性 electroconductivity226.电阻率resistivity;specific resistance 227.电阻系数resistance coefficient228.内电阻 internal resistance229.分路电阻 shunt resistance230.串联电阻 series resistance231.并联电阻 parallel resistance232.放电电阻 discharge resistance233.阻尼 damping234.串并联series-parallel connection 235.阻抗匹配impedance matching236.等效电抗 equivalent reactance237.等值电阻 equivalence circuit238.电纳 susceptance239.导纳 admittance240.动态电阻 dynamic resistance241.人体电容 body capacity242.泄漏传导系数 leakance243.静电感应 electrostatic induction244.对地电容 earth capacitance245.装配(布线)电容 wiring capacitance（六）频率及电波246.频率 frequency(n;f)247.频带 frequency band248.频率范围 frequency range249.工频 power frequency250.固有(自然)频率 free frequency251.低频 low frequency252.中频medium or intermediate frequency 253.高频high frequency254.超高频 ultrahigh frequency255.变频 frequency conversion256.自由振荡 free-running257.谐振频率 resonance frequency258.串联(电压)谐振 series resonance259.并联(电流)谐振 inverse resonance260.波 wave261.电波 electric wave262.周波 cycle263.正弦波 sine wave264.冲击波 shock or blast wave265.电磁波 electromagnetic wave266.超声波 ultrasonics267.超短波 ultrashort wave268.微波 microwave269.短波 shortwave270.中波 medium wave271.长波 long wave272.半波 half wave;singleway 273.全波 total wave;full wave 274.波形 waveform275.波长 wavelength276.波段 waveband277.波幅;振幅 amplitude(A)278.波峰 wave crest279.波谷 trough280.峰值;最大值 peak;crest281.波速 wave velocity282.波束 beam283.正弦形的 sinusoidal284.正弦曲线 sinusoid285.脉冲波形 pulse shape286.波形系数 shape factor287.波形失真 wave shape distortion 288.失真;畸变 distortion 289.对称 symmetry290.对称的 symmetrical291.不对称 asymmetry292.不对称的 asymmetrical293.半波整流 single-way rectification 294.全波整流 total-wave rectification 295.单相整流 single-phase rectification 296.三相整流three-phase rectification 297.检波 detection298.滤波器 filter299.带通滤波器band-pass filter 300.高通滤波器high-passfilter（七）相位、向量301.相;相位 phase(ph.)302.相角 photo corner303.功角 power corner304.相序 phase sequence305.相位差 phase differ306.角速度 angular velocity 307.相数 No.of phases308.单相 single-phase309.两相 two-phase310.三相 three-phase;triphase 311.定相 phasing312.调相 phase modulation 313.移相 phase shift314.同步 synchronism;sync 315.异步 asynchronism316.整步 synchronization 317.正序 positive sequence 318.负序 negative sequence 319.零序 zero sequence320.分相 split phase321.控制相 control phase322.同相 in-phase 323.异相 out-phase324.反相 reversal phase325.反相序 reverse phase sequence326.正相序 correct phase sequence327.逆相序 counter-phase sequence328.向量;矢量 vector329.向量图 vector drawing330.方向 direction331.箭头 arrowhead;arrow332.分量;分力 component333.分解 resolve334.合力 resultant of forces335.合成 synthesize336.超前 lead337.超前角 lead angle338.落后 backward339.滞后 delay340.相反 opposite;contrary341.相应 corresponding;relevant342.相等 be equal343.相同 indentical;alike344.顺时针旋转 clockwise(CW,cw.)345.逆时针旋转counter-clock-wise(CCW.,ccw.) 346.圆方向图clock diagram（八）电路347.电路circuit;electric circuit 348.回路return circuit;return;loop 349.回路;电路 contour350.母线;汇流条 bus351.汇流排 bus bar352.汇流线 bus wire353.主母线 main bus354.分段母线section bus;segment bus 355.分支(路)母线branch bus356.正母线 regular bus-bar357.副母线vice-bus;auxiliary bus-bar 358.旁路母线bypass bus;in bridge bus 359.Ⅰ段母线bus bar Ⅰ360.分支线 leg line361.馈线 feed line362.出线;输出线 outlet;out line363.进线;输入线 inlet;in line364.直流回路 D.C. return365.交流回路 A.C. return366.电压回路 voltage return367.电流回路 current return368.控制回路 control return369.操作回路 operation return370.分相操作回路split-phase operating return 371.测量回路measure return372.信号回路 signal return 373.保护回路 protective return374.回路电压 voltage of return375.回路电流 current of return376.接地回路 earth return377.事故信号回路 fault signal return378.预告信号回路 herald signal return379.串联电路 series circuit380.并联电路 parallel circuit381.混联电路 series-parallel return382.复合电路 compound circuit383.空载电路 idle circuit384.起动电路 start circuit385.放电电路 de-excitation circuit386.同期回路 sync return387.谐振电路 accepter;acceptor388.闪光同步回路 flash sync return389.合闸回路 switch-on return390.跳闸回路 switch-off return391.整流电路 rectification circuit392.单向电路 oneway circuit393.联锁回路 interlock return394.闭锁回路deadlock(or occlusion)return 395.闭合电路closed circuit396.星形结构 star(or Y) connection397.三角形结构delta(or △) connection 398.不完全星形结构incomplete star connection;two-phase-style connection 399.星形-三角形结构star-delta(Y-△) connection 400.结线方式 connection style401.结线组别 connection group402.Y/△-11 star/delta eleven o’clock 403.串激线卷serise excitation winding 404.并激线卷 shunt excitation winding 405.复激 compound excitation406.励磁电路 exciting circuit407.电枢回路 armature return408.初级;一次 primary(PRI.)409.初级线卷 primary coil410.次级;二次 secondary(SEC.)411.次级线卷 secondary coil412.输入绕组 input winding413.输出绕组 output winding414.高压线卷 H.V.windings415.中压线卷 M.V.windings416.低压线卷 L.V.windings417.中性点 neutral point418.中性线 neutral wire419.接地线 earth (or ground) wire 420.临时电线 haywire421.屏蔽 screen422.屏蔽线 screen wire423.接地屏蔽earth screen 424.电气结线图electrical connection drawing 425.电气接线图 electrical wiring drawing 426.电路图 electric circuit drawing 427.原理图 principle drawing 428.展开图unfold (or open up) drawing 429.安装图install drawing430.施工图 working drawing431.结线图 line wiring drawing432.一次图 Main wiring drawing433.二次图 secondary wiring drawing434.控制图 control drawing435.导体 conductor436.超导体 superconductor437.导线 wire;lead438.电线 electric wire439.非导体 nonconductor440.半导体 semicon;semiconductor441.导电 conduct electricity442.导电性 electric conductivity443.超导电性 superconductivity444.绝缘 insulation445.绝缘体 insulator446.绝缘性能 insulation ability447.绝缘等级 insulation class448.电气强度 electric strength449.电气性能 electrical characteristics450.介质 medium451.电介质 dielectric452.介电常数 capacitivity453.隔离;绝缘 isolating454.开路;断路open circuit;broken circuit 455.短路short-circuit456.断路 abruption457.切断abscission;cut off;abscind 458.打开;分开open;unfold;off459.拉开 pull open;draw back460.启动 start461.合闸 switch on462.分闸 switch off463.合上 on464.熔断 cut-off;fusing465.跳闸;脱口;释放 trip466.跳闸线卷 trip coil467.切换 transfer（九）负载468.负载;荷载 load469.空载;空负载 idle load;No-load470.额定负载 rated load471.容许负载 allowable load472.极限负荷 limit load473.超负荷excess load;overload 474.超载能力overload capacity475.冲击负荷 shock load476.高峰负荷 peak load477.峰谷负荷 trough load478.工作负荷 operating load479.满负荷 full-load480.负荷调正 load regulation481.照明负荷 illumination load482.动力负荷 motive power load483.空转 idle motion484.安全用电 electric safety485.计划用电electric plan;planned electricity 486.节约用电economize on electricity487.感性负荷 inductive load488.容性负荷 capacitive load489.能耗 energy consumption490.耗电量 power consumption491.损耗;损失 consume;waste;loss492.无损耗 free of losses493.空载损耗 idling loss;No-load loss494.短路损耗 short-circuit loss495.磁滞损失 stagnant-magnetic loss496.铜损 copper wire loss497.铁损 steel core loss498.漏电损失 leak electric loss499.涡流损失 eddying loss500.用户 consumer;user501.安全 safety;safe502.安全第一! safety first!503.注意安全 attention safety504.安全生产 safety production505.安全操作 safe operation506.保证安全 onsure safety507.安全规程 safety regulations508.安全措施 safety measures(or action) 509.安全设施 safety devices（十）测试510.测试；试验 test511.测量 survey;measure;gauge512.测算 measure and calculate 513.试验报告 testing report 514.试验数据(资料) test data515.技术数据(资料) technical data516.证明书;检验证 certificate517.化验单 analysis report518.试验标准 test standard519.标准;规范 standard520.标准值 standard value521.保证值 guaranteed value522.相对值 relative value523.相对误差relative truth(or error) 524.绝对值absolute value525.绝对误差 absolute truth(or error)526.出厂序号 ex-factory serial No.527.出厂日期 production(or manufacture) date 528.出厂检验delivery inspection529.合格证 certificate of inspection530.技术鉴定 technical appraisement531.技术规范 technical specification532.结果 sesult;effect533.结论 conclusion534.审查 approved535.检查;检验 tested536.铭牌 data plate;nameplate537.电气试验 electric test538.定期(例行)试验 routine testing539.常规试验 conventional testing540.常数试验 constant test541.交接试验 delivery and reception test 542.参数 parameter 543.性能试验 performance test544.特性试验 property(or specific) test 545.特性曲线 curve546.伏-安特性 volt-ampere property547.测漏 track down a leak548.泄漏试验 leakage tset549.外施高压试验 applied high voltage tset550.感应高压试验induced high voltage test 551.破坏性试验destructiveness test552.型式试验 type tests553.油化验 oil laboratory test554.油分析 oil analysis555.油简化 oil simplify laboratory556.取样试验 sample testing557.抽样检查 sampling survey558.定量分析 quantitative analysis559.定性分析 qualitative analysis560.光谱分析spectrum(or spectral) analysis 561.色谱分析chromatographic analysis562.操作性能 serviceability563.负荷试验 load testing564.温升试验 temp.rise testing565.温度 temperature(temp.,t.)566.温升 temperature rise567.额定温升 rated temp.rise568.油面温升 temp.rise of top oil569.线卷温升 temp.rise of wdg570.膨胀系数 coefficient of expansion571.吸收系数 absorption coefficient572.室温 room temp.573.密封试验 air-tight test574.气密试验air seal test;leakage test 575.油箱强度tank strength 576.疲劳试验 fatigue test577.疲劳强度 fatigue strength578.弹性疲劳 elastic fatigue579.金属疲劳 metal fatigue580.动态平衡 dynamic equilibrium581.动态特性 dynamic characteristic582.饱和 saturation583.饱和点 saturation point584.饱和曲线 saturation curve585.不饱和 unsaturated586.不饱和曲线 unsaturated curve587.不饱和铁芯 unsaturated iron core588.过饱和oversaturation;supersaturation 589.正比例direct proportion590.反比例inverse ratio(or proportion) 591.线性;直线性linearity592.变量;变数 variable593.湿度 humidity;wetness594.相对湿度 relative humidity(R.H.,r.h.) 595.极性 polarity596.定值 fixed value597.粘度 viscosity598.凝点 condensation point599.凝固点 solidifying point600.熔点 melting point601.燃点 ignition point602.闪点 flash point603.浓度 consistency;concentration 604.比重 specific gravity 605.比热 specific heat606.比容 specific volume607.比率;比值 ratio;rate608.酸值 acid value609.水溶性酸碱water soluble acid & alkali 610.真空;真空度vacuum(vac.)611.超高真空 ultrahigh vacuum612.恒温 constant temperature613.油面 top oil614.油位 oil position615.拉力试验 pull(or tension) test616.拉力 pulling force617.抗拉强度 tensile strength618.抗弯强度 bending strength619.抗剪强度 shearing strength620.抗压强度 compressive strength621.灵敏度 sensitivitu622.公差 tolerance623.制造公差 manufacturing tolerance 624.安装公差 location tolerance625.公称 nominal626.公称尺寸 nominal dimension627.精度 precision 628.光洁度 smooth finish629.电光 light produced;lightning630.弧光 arc light;arc631.电弧 electric arc632.电泳 electrophoresis633.放电 de-excitation;discharge634.辉光放电 glow discharge635.火花 spark636.电火花 electric spark637.火花放电 spark discharge638.尖端放电 point discharge639.闪络 flashover;arc-over640.电离 ionization641.电离层 ionosphere642.灭弧 Arc-extinguishing643.灭弧性能 Arc-extinguishing ability644.击穿 puncture;breakdown645.电击 electric shock646.漏电 leak electricity647.雷电 thunder and lightning648.雷击 be struck by lightning649.雷害damage to crops caused by thunder 650.污染contamination651.污染监测 contamination monitor652.污染等级 contamination class653.污染地区 contaminative area(十一)电磁654.电磁 electro magnetism655.电场 electric field656.电场强度electric field intensity 657.电力线electric line force 658.磁 magnetism659.磁场 magnetic field660.磁化 magnetization661.磁体 magnetic body;magnet 662.磁铁 magnet663.磁石 magnetite;magnet664.磁针 magnetic needle665.磁子 magneton666.永久磁铁 permanent magnet667.电磁铁 electromagnet668.磁性 magnetism;magnetic669.磁极 magnetic pole670.南极 south pole671.北极 north pole672.极化 polarization673.磁力 magnetic force674.磁力线;磁通 flux675.磁通量 magnetic flux676.磁通密度magnetic flux density 677.磁力强度magnetic field intensity 678.磁动势 magnetomotive force679.转矩;力矩 torque(T.,t.)680.右手定则 right-hand rule681.左手定则 left-hand rule682.漏磁通 flux leaking683.磁阻 magnetoresistance684.磁滞 stagnant-magnetic685.磁感应 magnetic induction686.电磁感应electromagnetism induction 687.电磁波electromagnetism wave688.感应 induction689.自感应 self-induction690.互感应 mutual inductance691.感应力 inductivity692.铁磁性 ferromagnetism693.共振 sympathetic vibration694.磁铁共振 ferromagnetic resonance695.核磁共振nuclear magnetic resonance 696.防磁protect against magnetization; by antimagnetic(十二)其他697.核能;核子能 nuclear energy698.核电;核动力 nuclear power699.核反应 nuclear reaction700.反应堆 reactor701.高温反应堆 high-temp.reactor702.浓缩铀反应堆 enriched uranium reactor 703.热中子反应堆thermal reactor704.石墨减速反应堆 graphitemoderated reactor 705.轻水慢化反应堆 light-water-moderated reactor 706.反应塔 reaction tower 707.核反应堆 nuclear reactor708.核聚变 nuclear fusion709.核裂变 unclear fission710.核扩散 unclear proliferation711.核辐射 unclear radiation712.热核 thormonuclear713.热核反应 thormonuclear reaction714.原子 atom715.原子核 atomic nucleus716.分子 molecule717.离子 ion718.阴离子 anion719.阳离子 cation720.质子 proton721.中子 neutron722.快中子fast(or high-speed) neutron 723.慢中子slow(or low-speed) neutron 724.核子 nucleon725.电子electron;electronic charge 726.自由电子free electron727.束缚电子 bound electron 728.核燃料 nuclear fuel729.铀 uranium(U)730.轻水 light water731.重水 heavy water732.硬水 hard water733.软水 soft water734.高温 high temperature735.高压 high pressure736.超高温 superhigh temperature737.超高压 superhigh pressure738.临界温度 critical temperature739.临界状态 critical state740.大气压 atmospheric pressure;atmosphere 741.标准大气压standard atmosphere742.海拔;标高 elevation743.摄氏 centigrade(C.)744.华氏 fahrenheit(F.)745.转速 rotational speed746.每分钟转数revolutions per minute(r.p.m.) 747.冷却方式type of cooling748.空气冷却 air-cooling749.油浸自冷 oil-immersed self-cooled750.双水内冷 stator & rotor inner water-cooled 751.强迫油循环冷却 compel oil-circutation cooling 752.辐照 irradiation 753.辐照度 irradiance754.继电保护 relaying755.微(处理)机 microprocessor756.微机保护 microprocessor protection757.电子计算机 electronic computer758.设计程序 programming759.程序设计语言 programming language;program language760.程序控制 pre-prgrammed automatic control 761.数据处理data process762.文字处理 word process763.输入数据 data-in764.输出数据 data-out765.触发电路 trigger circuit766.脉冲电路 pulse circuit767.逻辑电路 logical circuit768.颜色 colour769.黄(色) yellow770.绿(色) green771.红(色) red772.白(色) white773.灰(色) gray774.银灰(色) silver gray775.黑(色) black776.蓝、青(色) blue777.褐、棕色 brown778.紫(色) purple 779.氢 hydrogen(H)780.氟 fluorine(F)781.氮 nitrogen(N)782.氧 oxygen(O)783.硫 sulphur(S)784.酸 acid785.六氟化硫气体 SF6786.充氮 filled nitrogen787.充氮压力 filled nitrogen pressure788.氢冷 hydrogen-cooling789.瓦斯 gas790.乙炔 acetylene791.质量 quality792.保证质量 guarantee both quality and quantity 793.优质产品 high-quality products794.缺陷 defect;defective795.废品 discard;reject;scrap796.产值 output value797.产量 output;yield798.指标;标的 target799.定额;限额 quota800.按期交货 deliver goods on schedule801.实测 actual802.复测 remeasured803.摘要 resume804.备注 remarke805.备用 spare;reserve;alternate 806.备用;备件 spare parts 807.记录;注释 note(n.)808.说明;解释 explanation809.型号 model;type810.规格 specification(spec.) 811.数量 quantity(qty.)二、电气计量单位1.安培 ampere(A,a)2.伏特 volt(V.,v)3.欧姆ohm(Ω)4.瓦 watt(W)5.乏尔,乏(无功伏安) var(volt ampere reactive)6.千瓦小时;度 kilowatt hour(KWH)7.周 cycle(C)8.赫兹 hertz(Hz)9.周/秒;赫 cycle per second(CPS,cps)10.伏安 volt ampere(VA,va)11.法拉 farad(f)12.亨(利) henry(H.,h.)13.高斯 gauss(G)14.焦耳 joule(J)15.牛顿 newton(N)16.马力 horse-power(Hp.,h.p.)17.库仑 coulomb(C.) 18.麦克斯韦 maxwell(Mx)19.巴 bar20.卡路里 calorie(cal.)21.大卡,千(克)卡 kilogram-calory(Cal.)22.(角)度degree(°)23.(摄氏)度(centigrade)℃24.(华氏)度(fahrenheit)°F25.时;小时 hour(H.,h.)26.分(钟) min.;minute(＇)27.秒 second;sec.(＂)28.千(103) kilo-(K,k)29.兆;百万(106) mega-(M);meg30.百万;兆(106) mill.;million31.毫(10-3) milli-(m.)32.微(10-6) micro-(μ)33.毫微(10-9) millimicro-(mμ;n)34.微微(10-12) micromicro-(μμ)三、电气设备（一）发电机1.同步发电机 synchronous generator2.汽轮发电机 steam turbo-generator3.水轮发电机 water turbo-generator4.柴油发电机组 diesel generating set5.交流发电机 A.C.generator6.直流发电机 D.C.generator7.变频同步发电机 variable frequency synchro generator8.高频发电机 high frequency generator9.并激发电机 shunt generator10.串激发电机 series generator11.复激发电机 compound generator12.他激发电机 separately excited generator13.自激发电机 self-excited generator14.磁石发电机 magneto15.单极发电机 unipolar generator16.换向极发电机 commutating pole generator17.异极发电机 heterpolar generator18.异步发电机 asynchronous generator19.同极发电机(非循环发电机) homopolar generator;acyclic generator20.感应发电机 induction generator21.定流发电机 constant-current generator22.定压发电机 constant-voltage generator23.电机扩大机 amplidyne24.补偿发电机 compensated generator25.多相发电机 polyphase generator26.二相发电机 2-phase generator27.三相发电机 3-phase generator28.三线发电机 three-wire generator29.电动发电机组 motor generator set 30.风力发电机 windmill generator31.手摇发电机 hand generator32.内燃发电机 internal combustion generator33.燃气轮发电机 combustion gas turbine generator34.双水内冷汽轮发电机turbogenerator with inner water- cooled stator and rotor35.三相同步交流发电机 3-phase sync.alternator36.单相发电机 single-phase generator37.永磁发电机 magneto generator38.立式发电机 vertical type generator39.卧式发电机 horizontal type generator40.移动式发电机 portable generator41.真空管发电机 vacuum tube generator42.汽油发电机组 gasoline generating set43.汽轮机 steam turbine44.燃气轮机 combustion gas turbine45.励磁机 exciter（二）变压器1.电力(源)变压器 power transformer2.主变压器 mains transformer3.升压变压器 step-up transformer4.降压变压器 step-down transformer5.高压变压器 high-tension transformer6.低压变压器 low-tension transformer7.电源变压器 mains transformer8.配电变压器 distribution transformer9.平衡变压器 balance transformer10.试验变压器 testing transformer11.调压变压器 requlating transformer12.可调变压器 adjustable(or variable) transformer13.控制变压器 control transformer14.仪表变压器 instrument transformer15.照明变压器 lighting(or filament) transformer16.行灯变压器 portable lamp transformer17.大电流变压器 strong current transformer18.高频变压器 high-frequency transformer19.恒流变压器 constant-current transformer20.局部照明变压器 local illumination transformer21.自耦变压器 auto- transformer22.环形自耦调压器 ring auto requlating transformer23.单相变压器 single-phase transformer24.二相变压器 2-phase transformer25.三相变压器 three(or 3)-phase transformer26.输入变压器 input transformer27.输出变压器 output transformer28.双卷变压器 double winding transformer29.三卷变压器 three winding transformer30.多相变压器 polyphase transformer31.铁芯式变压器 core-type transformer32.泄漏试验变压器 leakage testing transformer33.油试验变压器oil tasting transformer 34.自冷变压器self-cooled transformer35.油浸变压器 oil-immersed transformer36.油冷变压器 oil-cooled transformer37.壳式变压器 shell transformer38.干式变压器 dry-type transformer39.风冷变压器 air-cooled transformer40.强油冷却变压器 compel-oil circulationcooling transformer41.户内式变压器 indoor type transformer42.户外式变压器 outdoor type transformer43.变电所变压器 substation transformer44.电流互感器 current transformer(C.T.)45.电压互感器 potential transformer(P.T.)46.零序电流互感器 zero sequence C.T.47.抗流变压器 draining transformer48.转角变压器 transfer corner transformer49.中间变流器 intermediate C.T.(or convertor)50.接地变压器 connected earth transformer51.扼流变压器 choke current transformer52.辅助电压互感器 auxiliary P.T.(AuPT)（三）电动机1.直流电动机 D.C.motor2.交流电动机 A.C.motor3.同步电动机 synchronous motor4.异步电动机 asynchronous motor。
水利水电专业英语词汇
施工总平面布置Construction general layout施工总平面布置 (施工总体布置 ) construction general layout施工组织 Consruction Programming施工组织设计 construction planning施工坐标系（建筑坐标系） construction coordinate system湿化变形 soaking deformation湿润比 percentage of wetted area湿润灌溉 wetting irrigation湿室型泵房 wet-pit type pump house湿陷变形系数soaking deformation coefficient湿陷起始压力 initial collapse pressure 湿陷系数 (湿陷变形系数 ) coefficient of collapsibility湿周 wetted perimeter十字板剪切试验 vane shear test石袋 honeycomb时均流速 time average velocity时均能量 time average energy时效硬化 (老化) age hardening (ageing) 时针式喷灌系统 (中心支轴自走式系统 ) central pivot sprinkler system实测放大图 surveyed amplification map 实腹柱 solid column实际材料图 primitive data map实时接线分析real time connection analysis实时控制 real-time control实时数据和实时信息 real time data and real time information实体坝 solid dike实体重力坝 solid gravity dam实物工程量 real work quantity实验站 experimental station实用堰 practical weir示流信号器 liquid-flow annunciator示坡线 slope indication line示误三角形 error triangle示踪模型 tracer model事故 failure (accident)事故备用容量reserve capacity for accident事故低油压 tripping lower oil pressure 事故音响信号emergency signal (alarmsignal)事故运行方式 accident operation mode 事故闸门 emergency gate事故照明 accident lighting事故照明切换屏accident lighting change-over panel势波 potential wave势流 potential flow势能 potential energy势涡 (自由涡 ) potential vortex视差 parallax视差法测距（基线横尺视差法） subtense method with horizontal staff视差角 parallactic angle视准线法 collimation line method视准轴（照准轴） coolimation axis试验处理 treatment of experiment试验端子 test terminal试验项目 Testing item试验小区 experimental block试运行 test run试运行 test run收敛测量 convergence measurement收敛约束法convergence-confinement method收缩断面 vena-contracta收缩缝(温度缝) contraction joint (temperature joint)收缩水深 contracted depth手动[自动]复归manual [automatic] reset手动[自动]准同期 manual [automatic] precise synchronization手动调节 manual regulation手动控制 manual control手动运行 manual operation手工电弧焊 manual arc welding首曲线（基本等高线） standard contour 首子午线（本初子午线，起始子午线） prime meridian受油器 oil head枢纽布置 layout of hydroproject疏浚 dredging输电系统 transmission system输电线 transmission line输入功率试验 input test输沙量 sediment runoff输沙率 sediment discharge输水钢管steel pipe for water conveyance输水沟 conveyance ditch输水建筑物 water conveyance structure 输水渠道 water conveyance canal鼠道 mole drains鼠道犁 mole plough鼠笼型感应电动机squirrel cage induction motor竖井定向测量 shaft orientation survey 竖井贯流式水轮机 pit turbine竖井联系测量 shaft connection survey 竖井排水 drainage well竖井式进水口 shaf tintake竖轴弧形闸门 radial gate with vertic alaxes数字地面模型digital terrain model （DTM）数字化测图 digitized mapping数字通信 digital communication数字图像处理 digital image processing 数字仪表 digital instrument甩负荷 load dump (load rejection,load shutdown)甩负荷试验load-rejection test (load-shutdowntest)双层布置 double storey layout双调节调速器 dual-regulation governor 双扉闸门 double-leaf gate双回线 double-circuit line双击式水轮机 cross flow turbine,Banki turbine双极高压直流系统 bipolar HVDC system 双金属标 bimetal bench mark双列布置 double row layout双母线接线 double-bus connection双曲拱坝 double curvature arch dam 双曲拱渡槽double curvature arch aqueduct双室式调压室double-chamber surge shaft双吸式离心泵 double-suction pump双向挡水人字闸门bidirectional retaining mitre gate水泵[水泵水轮机的水泵工况 ]的反向最大稳态飞逸转速steady state reverse runaway speed of pump水泵比转速 specific speed of pump水泵并联扬程曲线 head curve of parallel pumping system水泵参数与特性Parameters and characteristics of pump水泵串联扬程曲线 head curve of series pumping system水泵的最大[最小]输入功率maximum[minimum] input power of pump 水泵电动机机组 Motor-pump unit水泵反常运行 pump abnormal operating 水泵工况 (抽水工况 ) pump operation水泵工作点(水泵工况点) pump operating point水泵供水 water feed by pump水泵机械效率 mechanical efficiency of pump水泵机组 pump unit水泵类型 Classification of pumps水泵零部件 Components of pumps水泵流量 pump discharge水泵容积效率 volumetric efficiency of pump水泵输出功率 output power of pump水泵输入功率 (水泵轴功率 ) input power of pump水泵水力效率 hydraulic efficiency of pump水泵水轮机 Pump-turbine水泵无流量输入功率 no-discharge power of pump水泵效率 pump efficiency水泵扬程 (水泵总扬程 ) total head of pump水泵站 Pumping Station水泵装置 pump system水锤 (水击) water hammer水锤泵站 hydrauli cram pump station水锤波 (水击波 ) wave of water hammer 水锤波波速wave velocity of water hammer水电站 Hydroelectric Station水电站(水力发电站) Hydroelectric station (hydroelectric power station) 水电站保证出力 firm power, firm output 水电站厂房 (发电厂房 ) power house水电站厂房的类型 Types of power house of hydroelectric station水电站出力 power output of hydropower station水电站出力和发电量 Power and energy output of hydropower station水电站的水头、流量、水位 Waterhead, discharge, water lever of hydropower station水电站发电成本generation cost of hydropower station水电站发电量energy output of hydropower station水电站建筑物hydroelectric station structure水电站经济指标Economie index of hydropower station水电站类型Types of hydroelectric station水电站引用流量 quotative discharge of hydropower station水电站装机容量 installed capacity of hydropower station水电站自动化automation of hydroelectric station水跌 hydraulic drop水动力学 Hydrodynamics水斗 bucket水斗式水轮机 (贝尔顿式水轮机 ) pelton turbine水工建筑物 hydraulic structure水工建筑物的类别及荷载 Classification and load of hydraulic structures水工建筑物级别grade of hydraulic structure水工金属结构及安装 Metal Structures and Their Installation水工隧洞 hydraulic tunnel水工隧洞 Hydraulic tunnels水工隧洞构造 Components of hydraulic tunnel水工隧洞类型Classification of hydraulic tunnels水管冷却 pipe cooling水柜 water pool水环真空泵 liquid ring pump水灰比 water-cement ratio水窖(旱井) water callar(dry wall)水静力学 Hydrostatics水库并联运用operation of parallel-connected resertvoir水库测量 reservoir survey水库串联运用operation of serial-connected reservoirs水库调度 reservoir operation水库调度图 graph of reservoir operation 水库回水变动区 fluctuating back water zone of reservoir水库浸没 reservoir immersion水库控制缓洪controlled flood retarding水库库底清理 cleaning of reservoir zone 水库泥沙 Reservoir sediment水库泥沙防治 Prevention of sediment水库年限 ultimate life of reservoir水库渗漏 reservoir leakage水库水文测验 reservoir hydrometry水库塌岸 bank ruin of reservoir水库特征库容 Characteristic capacity of reservoir水库特征水位 Characteristic level of reservoir水库泄空排沙sediment releasing by emptying reservoir水库蓄清排浑 clear water impounding and muddy flow releasing水库淹没补偿compensation for reservoir inundation水库淹没处理Treatment of reservoir inundation水库淹没处理范围treatment zone of reservoir inundation水库淹没界线测量 reservoir inundation line survey水库淹没区 zone of reservoir inundation 水库淹没实物指标material index of reservoir inundation水库异重流 density current in reservoir 水库异重流排沙 sediment releasing by density current水库诱发地震reservoir induced earthquake水库淤积Sediment deposition in reservoir水库淤积测量reservoir accretion survey水库淤积极限 limit state of sediment deposition in reservoir水库淤积平衡比降 equilibrium slope of sediment deposition in reservoir水库淤积上延(翘尾巴) upward extension of reservoir deposition水库淤积纵剖面 longitudinal profile of deposit in reservoir水库滞洪排沙flood retarding and sediment releasing水库自然滞洪 free flood retarding水冷式空压机 water-cooled compressor 水力半径 hydraulic radius水力冲填hydraulic excavation and filling水力冲填坝 hydraulic fill dam水力冲洗式沉沙池hydraulic flushing sedimentation basin水力粗糙度 hydraulic roughness水力粗糙区 hydraulic roughness region 水力共振 hydraulic resonance水力光滑区 hydraulic smooth水力机械 Hydraulic Machinery水力机械与电气设备 HYDRAULIC MACHINERY AND ELECTRIC EQUIPMENT水力机组 hydropower unit水力机组测试 Measurement and test for hydropower unit水力机组的安装和试运行 Installation and starting operation of hydropower unit水力机组调节系统 Regulating system of hydropower unit水力机组辅助系统 Auxiliary system for hydropower unit水力开挖 hydraulic excavation水力坡降 (水力比降 ) hydraulic slope (energy gradient)水力破裂法(水力致裂法) hydro fracturing method水力侵蚀 (水蚀) water erosion水力学 Hydraulics水力要素(水力参数) hydraulic elements水力指数 hydraulic exponent水力自动闸门 hydraulic operating gate 水力最优断面 optimal hydraulic cross section水利工程经营管理management and administration of water project水利计算Computation of water conservancy水利区划 zoning of water conservancy 水利枢纽 hydroproject水利水电工程等别 rank of hydroproject 水利水电工程规划PLANNING OF HYDROENGINEERING水利水电工程技术术语标准 Standard of Technical Terms on Hydroengineering水工建筑物专业英语词汇岸墙 land wall坝顶 dam crest，dam top坝踵 dam heel坝趾 dam toe板桩 sheet pile边墩 side pier，land pier变形模量 deformation modulus 鼻坎 bucket lip 毕肖普法 Bishop method 冰压力 ice pressure 剥离 desquamation 侧槽式溢洪道 side channel Spillway 沉降 settlement 齿墙 cut-off trench 冲沙闸（排沙闸） silt-releasing Sluice 纯拱法 independent arch method 刺墙 key-wall 大头坝 massive-head buttress dam *buttress 是扶壁的意思 单宽流量 discharge per unit width 单曲拱坝 single-curvature arch dam 挡潮闸 tidal sluice 导流隧洞 river diversion tunnel 倒悬度 Overhang degree 底流消能 energy dissipation by underflow 地震作用 earthquake action 垫座 cushion abutment 动水压力 hydrodynamic pressure 断层 fault 堆石坝 rock-fill dam 多拱梁法 multi-arch beam method 阀门 valve gate 防浪墙 wave wall 防渗铺盖 impervious blanket 非常溢洪道 emergency spillway 分洪闸 flood diversion sluice 副坝 auxiliary dam 刚体极限平衡法 limit equilibrium method for rigid block 拱坝 arch dam 拱冠梁 crown cantilever 拱冠粱法 crown cantilever method 工作桥 service bridge 固结灌浆 consolidation grouting 灌溉隧洞 irrigation tunnel 灌浆帷幕 grout curtain 管涌 piping 海漫 apron extension 横缝 transverse joint 虹吸式溢洪道 siphon spillway 蝴蝶阀 butterfly valve 护坡 slope protection 护坦 apron 弧形闸门 radial gate 滑雪道式溢洪道 ski-jump spillway 化学管涌 chemical piping 混凝土防渗墙 concrete cut-off wall 混凝土面板堆石坝 concrete faced rock-fill dam 基本断面 primary section 简化毕肖普法 simplified Bishop method 浆砌石拱坝 stone masonry arch dam 浆砌石重力坝 stone masonry gravity dam 交通桥 traffic bridge 接触冲刷 contact scouring 接触灌浆 contact grouting 接缝灌浆 joint grouting 截水槽 cut-off trench 节制闸 check sluice 进水口 water inlet 进水闸 inlet sluice 井式溢洪道 shaft spillway 静水压力 hydrostatic pressure 均质坝 homogeneous earth dam 抗滑稳定分析 analysis of stability against sliding 抗滑稳定性 stability against sliding 空腹重力坝 hollow gravity dam 空化 cavitation 空蚀 cavitation erosion 空注阀 hollow jet valve 宽缝重力坝 slotted gravity dam 宽尾墩 flaring pier 廊道 gallery 浪压力 wave force 理论计算 theoretical computation 拦河闸 river sluice 沥青混凝土 asphalt concrete 连拱坝 multiple-arch dam 流土soil flow 流网法 flow net method 锚杆 anchor rod 面板 face slab面流消能 energy dissipation by surface flow模型试验 model experiment泥沙压力 silt pressure碾压混凝土坝 Roller Compacted Concrete Dam牛腿 Corbel排沙隧洞 silt-releasing tunnel排水 drainage排水闸 outlet sluice喷混凝土 sprayed concrete平板坝 flat slab buttress dam平面闸门 plane gate破碎带 crushed zone铺盖 blanket砌石护坡 stone pitching人工材料面板坝artificial material faced dam人工材料心墙坝artificial material-core dam溶洞 solution cavern软基重力坝gravity dam on soft foundation软弱夹层 soft intercalated layer实用断面 practical section试载法 trial-load method双曲拱坝 double-curvature arch dam水工建筑物 hydraulic structure水工隧洞hydraulic tunnel，waterway tunnel水力发电隧洞 hydropower tunnel水利枢纽 hydro-complex水力学方法 hydraulics method水平施工缝horizontal joint水闸 sluice弹性模量 elastic modulus挑流消能energy dissipation by trajectory jet土工膜 geomembrane土石坝 earth-rock dam土质斜墙坝 earth dam with inclined soil wall土质斜心墙坝 earth dam with inclined soil core 土质心墙坝 earth dam with soil core帷幕灌浆 curtain grouting温度荷载 temperature load温度控制 temperature control温度应力 temperature stress温度作用 temperature action无压隧洞 free level tunnel消力池 stilling pool消力戽 roller bucket消能工 energy dissipater泄洪隧洞 spillway tunnel泄水建筑物 discharge structure泄水孔 outlet hole新奥法NATM（New Austrian Tunneling Method）胸墙 breast wall扬压力 uplift溢洪道spillway水垫塘 plunge pool溢流坝 overflow dam、翼墙 wing wall应力分析 stress analysis优化设计 optimization design有限单元法 finite element method有压隧洞 pressure tunnel闸墩 pier闸门 gate闸门槽 gate slot正槽式溢洪道 normal channel spillway 整体式重力坝 monolithic gravity dam趾板 toe slab支墩坝 buttress dam重力坝 gravity dam重力墩 gravity abutment周边缝 peripheral joint驻波 standing wave锥形阀 cone valve自由跌流 free drop自重 dead weight纵缝 longitudinal joint键槽 key strench伸缩缝 contraction joint施工缝 construction joint反弧段 flip bucket拦污栅 trash rack渐变段 transition泄槽 chute发电进水口 power intake通气管 air vent检修门 bulkhead gate事故门 emergency gate工作门 service gate堰 weir通气管 air vent胸墙 breast wall梁 beam柱 column回填混凝土 backfill concrete 接地 earth一期混凝土 primary concrete 二期混凝土 secondary concrete 叠梁门 stoplog门机gantry crane止水 waterstop钢筋 reinforcement模板 formwork围堰 cofferdam马道 bench；berm蜗壳 volute水轮机 turbine电站 power house车间 workshop发电机 generator变电站 transformer station副厂房 auxiliary power house 安装间 erection bay尾水闸门 tail lock尾水渠 tailrace引水渠 approach channel前池 fore bay导墙 lead wall隔墙 partition wall接触灌浆 contact grouting回填混凝土 backfill concrete 帷幕灌浆 curtain grouting挡墙 retaining wall港口 harbour港口建筑物 port structure 船闸 navigation lock船闸充水 lock filling船闸充水和泄水系统 locking filling and emptying system船闸前池 upper pool船闸上下游水位差 lock lift船闸闸首 lock head升船机 ship elevator；ship lift鱼道 fish canal旁通管 by-pass齿槽 cut-off wall水工建筑物专业词汇岸墙 land wall坝顶 dam crest，dam top坝踵 dam heel坝趾 dam toe板桩 sheet pile边墩 side pier，land pier变形模量 deformation modulus鼻坎 bucket lip毕肖普法 Bishop method冰压力 ice pressure剥离 desquamation侧槽式溢洪道 side channel Spillway沉降 settlement齿墙 cut-off trench冲沙闸（排沙闸） silt-releasing Sluice纯拱法 independent arch method刺墙 key-wall大头坝massive-head buttress dam *buttress 是扶壁的意思单宽流量 discharge per unit width单曲拱坝 single-curvature arch dam挡潮闸 tidal sluice导流隧洞 river diversion tunnel倒悬度 Overhang degree底流消能energy dissipation by underflow地震作用 earthquake action垫座 cushion abutment动水压力 hydrodynamic pressure断层 fault堆石坝 rock-fill dam多拱梁法 multi-arch beam method阀门 valve gate防浪墙 wave wall防渗铺盖 impervious blanket非常溢洪道 emergency spillway分洪闸 flood diversion sluice副坝 auxiliary dam刚体极限平衡法limit equilibrium method for rigid block拱坝 arch dam拱冠梁 crown cantilever拱冠粱法 crown cantilever method工作桥 service bridge固结灌浆 consolidation grouting灌溉隧洞 irrigation tunnel灌浆帷幕 grout curtain管涌 piping海漫 apron extension横缝 transverse joint虹吸式溢洪道 siphon spillway蝴蝶阀 butterfly valve护坡 slope protection护坦 apron弧形闸门 radial gate滑雪道式溢洪道 ski-jump spillway化学管涌 chemical piping混凝土防渗墙 concrete cut-off wall混凝土面板堆石坝concrete faced rock-fill dam基本断面 primary section简化毕肖普法 simplified Bishop method 浆砌石拱坝 stone masonry arch dam浆砌石重力坝 stone masonry gravity dam 交通桥 traffic bridge接触冲刷 contact scouring接触灌浆 contact grouting接缝灌浆 joint grouting截水槽 cut-off trench节制闸 check sluice进水口 water inlet进水闸 inlet sluice井式溢洪道 shaft spillway静水压力 hydrostatic pressure均质坝 homogeneous earth dam 抗滑稳定分析analysis of stability against sliding抗滑稳定性 stability against sliding 空腹重力坝 hollow gravity dam空化 cavitation空蚀 cavitation erosion空注阀 hollow jet valve宽缝重力坝 slotted gravity dam宽尾墩 flaring pier廊道 gallery浪压力 wave force理论计算 theoretical computation拦河闸 river sluice沥青混凝土 asphalt concrete连拱坝 multiple-arch dam流土soil flow流网法 flow net method锚杆 anchor rod面板 face slab面流消能 energy dissipation by surface flow模型试验 model experiment泥沙压力 silt pressure碾压混凝土坝 Roller Compacted Concrete Dam牛腿 Corbel排沙隧洞 silt-releasing tunnel排水 drainage排水闸 outlet sluice喷混凝土 sprayed concrete平板坝 flat slab buttress dam平面闸门 plane gate破碎带 crushed zone铺盖 blanket砌石护坡 stone pitching人工材料面板坝artificial material faced dam人工材料心墙坝artificial material-core dam溶洞 solution cavern软基重力坝gravity dam on soft foundation软弱夹层 soft intercalated layer实用断面 practical section试载法 trial-load method双曲拱坝 double-curvature arch dam水工建筑物 hydraulic structure水工隧洞hydraulic tunnel，waterway tunnel水力发电隧洞 hydropower tunnel水利枢纽 hydro-complex水力学方法 hydraulics method水平施工缝horizontal joint水闸 sluice弹性模量 elastic modulus挑流消能energy dissipation by trajectory jet土工膜 geomembrane土石坝 earth-rock dam土质斜墙坝 earth dam with inclined soil wall土质斜心墙坝 earth dam with inclined soil core土质心墙坝 earth dam with soil core帷幕灌浆 curtain grouting温度荷载 temperature load温度控制 temperature control温度应力 temperature stress温度作用 temperature action无压隧洞 free level tunnel消力池 stilling pool消力戽 roller bucket消能工 energy dissipater泄洪隧洞 spillway tunnel泄水建筑物 discharge structure泄水孔 outlet hole新奥法NATM（New Austrian Tunneling Method）胸墙 breast wall扬压力 uplift溢洪道spillway水垫塘 plunge pool溢流坝 overflow dam、翼墙 wing wall应力分析 stress analysis优化设计 optimization design有限单元法 finite element method有压隧洞 pressure tunnel 闸墩 pier闸门 gate闸门槽 gate slot正槽式溢洪道 normal channel spillway 整体式重力坝 monolithic gravity dam 趾板 toe slab支墩坝 buttress dam重力坝 gravity dam重力墩 gravity abutment周边缝 peripheral joint驻波 standing wave锥形阀 cone valve自由跌流 free drop自重 dead weight纵缝 longitudinal joint键槽 key strench伸缩缝 contraction joint施工缝 construction joint反弧段 flip bucket拦污栅 trash rack渐变段 transition泄槽 chute发电进水口 power intake通气管 air vent检修门 bulkhead gate事故门 emergency gate工作门 service gate堰 weir通气管 air vent胸墙 breast wall梁 beam柱 column回填混凝土 backfill concrete接地 earth一期混凝土 primary concrete二期混凝土 secondary concrete叠梁门 stoplog门机gantry crane止水 waterstop钢筋 reinforcement模板 formwork围堰 cofferdam马道 bench；berm蜗壳 volute水轮机 turbine电站 power house车间 workshop发电机 generator变电站 transformer station副厂房 auxiliary power house安装间 erection bay尾水闸门 tail lock尾水渠 tailrace引水渠 approach channel前池 fore bay导墙 lead wall隔墙 partition wall接触灌浆 contact grouting回填混凝土 backfill concrete帷幕灌浆 curtain grouting挡墙 retaining wall港口 harbour港口建筑物 port structure船闸 navigation lock船闸充水 lock filling船闸充水和泄水系统 locking filling and emptying system船闸前池 upper pool船闸上下游水位差 lock lift船闸闸首 lock head升船机 ship elevator；ship lift鱼道 fish canal旁通管 by-pass齿槽 cut-off wall。
附录一—电力系统概述,由发电、变电、输电、配电和用电等环节组成的电能生产与消费系统。它的功能是将自然
附录一：电力系统概述一、电力系统1．电力系统简介英文：power system电力系统图由发电、变电、输电、配电和用电等环节组成的电能生产与消费系统。
它的功能是将自然界的一次能源通过发电动力装置（主要包括锅炉、汽轮机、发电机及电厂辅助生产系统等）转化成电能，再经输、变电系统及配电系统将电能供应到各负荷中心，通过各种设备再转换成动力、热、光等不同形式的能量，为地区经济和人民生活服务。
由于电源点与负荷中心多数处于不同地区，也无法大量储存，故其生产、输送、分配和消费都在同一时间内完成，并在同一地域内有机地组成一个整体，电能生产必须时刻保持与消费平衡。
因此，电能的集中开发与分散使用，以及电能的连续供应与负荷的随机变化，就制约了电力系统的结构和运行。
据此，电力系统要实现其功能，就需在各个环节和不同层次设置相应的信息与控制系统，以便对电能的生产和输运过程进行测量、调节、控制、保护、通信和调度，确保用户获得安全、经济、优质的电能。
建立结构合理的大型电力系统不仅便于电能生产与消费的集中管理、统一调度和分配，减少总装机容量，节省动力设施投资，且有利于地区能源资源的合理开发利用，更大限度地满足地区国民经济日益增长的用电需要。
电力系统建设往往是国家及地区国民经济发展规划的重要组成部分。
电力系统的出现，使高效、无污染、使用方便、易于调控的电能得到广泛应用，推动了社会生产各个领域的变化，开创了电力时代，发生了第二次技术革命。
电力系统的规模和技术水准已成为一个国家经济发展水平的标志之一。
2．电力系统发展简况在电能应用的初期，由小容量发电机单独向灯塔、轮船、车间等的照明供电系统，可看作是简单的住户式供电系统。
白炽灯发明后，出现了中心电站式供电系统，如1882年T.A.托马斯·阿尔瓦·爱迪生在纽约主持建造的珍珠街电站。
它装有6台直流发电机（总容量约670千瓦），用110伏电压供1300盏电灯照明。
19世纪90年代，三相交流输电系统研制成功，并很快取代了直流输电，成为电力系统大发展的里程碑。
葡萄牙语建筑类词汇(个人总结-丰富-实用)
葡萄牙语建筑类词汇(个人总结-丰富-实用)分类建筑工程技术术语Termos técnicos de construção civil楼房建设construção de edifício工地canteiro de obra 地基terreno地质勘探estudo do selo基础base 挖地基escavação da base 回填aterro防水camada impermeável楼房edifício 平房casa 地下室cave 底下车库garagem 楼梯escadas 楼梯扶手corrimão 电梯elevador 电梯井poço de elevador 楼道corredor （机械设备等）坏avariado（一般东西）坏estragar房间apartamento 厕所banheiro 大便坑bacia sanitária小便池urinol洗手池pia 屋顶telhado 大门portão 门porta窗户janela抽水箱，马桶autoclismo 厨房用洗池banca lava Fiscal 监理Cronograma dos Trabalhos 施工计划Mapa de Preços e Quantidades 工程量清单gestores 管理人员cofragem 模板模板placa de molde (准确)ordinário 普通的一般的工作日dia útilEspecificação Técnica 技术规范Cessionário 受让人Força Maior 不可抗力Certificado de Garantia de Boa Execução Técnica 质保证书Acordo de Crédito 信贷协议Acordo de Financiamento Principal 信贷框架协议instruções de proposta 投标报价说明书Tabela sumário de proposta 投标汇总表类似完工项目经验Experiências das Obras Análogas Concluídas输变电：Linha de transmissãoUtilidades Públicas 公共设施Apoio de Manutenção 维护支持Prazo de Prorroga□□o 延长期限prorrogação de prazoCondições reais do terreno 现场条件CHA VE NA MãO 交钥匙Pagamento inicial(down payment) 定金Tanque elevado;reservatório elevado 高位蓄水池Implantação de Fontanários 饮水装置Propriedade de compras 优先采购权Director de Projecto(DP) 项目主管elétrico 电动的Acondicionamento 包装secador 烘干机烤箱干燥机Embarque 发货Entrega 交付Remetente 发货人Destinatário 收货人Número de Embalagem 件号Conhecimento de Embarque 提货单Frete pré-pago 运费付讫Nota de embalagem 装箱单Apólice de seguro de transporte 运输保险单C□mara de Comércio Internacional 国际商会fusível熔断器Licença 许可Autorização 执照Despacho aduaneiro 清关Tribunal de Contas 审计部门Globalidade da empreitada 承包总款项Transferência bancária 银行转账Factura de Progresso Mensal 月进度账单Documento de embarque 船务文件Devido pagamento 应付款项Desenho do tra□ado; Planta 平面图Propriedade industrial 工业专利权Viola□□o de direitos 侵权Expira□□o do contrato 合同期满Preferência na aquisi□□o 优先获取权Idioma 语言，方言Dialecto 方言Cess□o 分配，转让Disposi□□o 条文，规定，布置Adenda 附录，补遗Memorando 备忘Entrar em vigor 生效Fontanário 贮水器,饮水点Amonstragem e Análise 抽样化验Terraplenagem 填土，土方工程。
电力相关英语核心词汇完整版
L1Electric power: 电力Blackout：断电；停电Power consumption:用电（量）Electric power demand: 电力需求量Rate :速率；费率Hydro power :水电Power transformation:变电、变压Extra-high voltage(EHV)Load:负载；负荷Power transmission：输电Domestic load:民用负荷Deliver：输送；交付；递交Power consumer:电力用户Substation:变电站；变电所Subtransmission:二次输电Power distribution:配电Feeder:馈电线Network:网络Operate:运行、工作、操作、运作Interconnection:互联（相互联接）Probability:可能性、概率Interruption:中断Reserve capacity:备用容量Outage:断电、停电、停运Reliability:可靠性Frequency:频率Limited：有限的Tolerance:容差Per capita:人均Power generation:发电Power station:用电Fossil fuel:矿物燃料Fission:裂变Elevation:高度、高程Fossil-fired power:火电Nuclear power:核电Hertz:赫兹Stall:失速Motor:电动机Alternating current(AC):交流Direct current(DC):直流Three-phase:三相Single-phase:单相Balanced:平衡的；对称的Allot:分配、调配Schematic:示意图、原理图Symbol:符号、图形符号Fault:故障Relay:继电器Circuit breaker(CB):断路器Normal/abnormal:正常的/异常的Combustion turbine 燃气轮机Fuse:熔断器Dashed line:虚线Hydro power station:水电站High/medium/low head 高/中/低水头Transformer:变压器Residential customer:居民用户L2（electric）power network:电力网、电网Generator:（交流）发电机Disturbance:扰动Efficiency:效率Fixed:固定的，不变的Network frame:网架，主网架Intermediate:中间的，中等的Retail:零售Low voltage(LV):低压High voltage(HV):高压Ultra-high voltage(UHV)：特高压Right-of-way:线路走廊Switchgear :开关设备，开关装置Mercury:汞，水银Arc:电弧Rectifier:整流器Rectify:整流Thyratron:闸流管Maintence:维修、保养Step up/step dowm:升压；降压Potential:电位，电压Inductance:电感Inductive:电感的，感性的Inductor:电感器Capacitance:电容Capacitor:电容器Capacitive:电容的，容性的Reactance:电抗Phase displacement:相移（=phase shift）Surge:冲击，过电压Skin effect:趋肤效应，集肤效应Cross-section:（横）截面Potential stress:电位应力（即电厂强度du/dl）Insulation:绝缘Corona:电晕Interference with：干扰Dielectric:电介质（即绝缘材料）Cable:电缆Stable:稳定的Stability:稳定性Synchronize:同步；整步Sychronism：同步；整步Synchronous:同步的Power transformer:电力变压器Instrument transformer:互感器Lighting:雷电（lighting）arrester 避雷器Disconnect：断开Disconnection switch:隔离开关Capacitor bank:电容器组（由多个电容串、并联组成）Energize:通电，供给电力，激励L3Thermal power plant:火力发电厂Prime mover:原动机Optimize:最优（佳）化Crusher:碎煤机Pulverizer:磨煤机Pulverized coal:煤粉Coal feeder:供煤机Stationary blade:固定叶片Moving blade:可动叶片Nozzle partition:喷嘴隔板Bucket:戽斗Kinetic:动能Shaft:转轴Condenser:凝汽Condensate:凝汽机Feedwater:给水Booster:增压压力）Forced-draft (FD) fan:送风风机Induced-draft (ID)fan 引风风机Air compressor 空气压缩机Lighting:照明Heating:取暖Horsepower:马力Electrostatic precipitator:静电除尘器Baghouse:集尘（灰）室Flue gas desulfurization(FGD) scrubber 烟气脱硫除尘器Economizer:省煤机Stack:烟道，烟囱Preheater/reheater/superheater:预热器、再热器、过热器Working fluid:作功流体Peaking:巅峰（负荷）Heat recovery steam generator(HRSG):热回收汽轮发电机L4Hydroelectric power station: 水电站Hydro：水的，水电的Potential Energy：势能Runner：转轮Impulse turbine: 冲击式水轮机Reaction turbine：反击式水轮机Pumped storage power station：抽水蓄能电站Reservoir：水库Peak hour: 峰荷期Reversible pump turbine: 可逆式水泵水轮机Operating characteristic: 工作特性Outage rate: 停电率Synchronous condenser: 同步调相器Light-water reactor(LWR): 轻水型反应堆Neutron：中子Boiling-water reactor(BWR): 沸水型反应堆Pressurized-water reactor(PWR): 压水型反应堆Loop: 回路Coolant：冷却剂Tandem-compound: 串级复合式Moisture separator：水分离器L5Stator: 定子Rotor：转子Armature：电枢Field current: 励磁电流Exciting Current：励磁电流Magnetic field：磁场Electric Field：电场Steady state: 稳态Transient state: 暂态Salient-pole rotor: 凸极转子Pole: 极Round-rotor/cylindrical-rotor/non-salient pole rotor: 隐极转子Slot：线槽Laminate：迭片amrtisseur/damper:阻尼Winding：绕组Converter：换流机Axial：轴向的Axle：轴（X轴，Y轴）Insulate：绝缘Wedge：槽楔Copper strap：铜排条Retaining ring：护环Slip ring: 滑环Carbon brush: 碳刷L6Induction: 感应Autotransformer:自耦变压器Bushing：套管Turn：匝，圈Turn ratio：变比，匝比Tap:分接头Load tap changer: 有载分接开关Harmonic: 谐波Clearance：间距Apparatus: 设备Transmission capacity: 传输容量Magnetic Core：磁芯No load voltage: 空载电压De-energized tap changer：无载分接开关Distribution Transformer：配电变压器L7Open: 分闸Close：合闸Trip：跳闸Contact：触头，触点Gap：间隙Arc Extinguish：灭弧Arc reignition: 电弧重燃Recovery Voltage：恢复电压Air-blast breaker: 空气断路器Oil-minimum breaker：少油断路器Vacuum breaker：真空断路器SF6 breaker：六氟化硫断路器Decompose：分解Compose：组合Vent: 喷口Extinguish chamber：灭弧室Operating mechanism：操作机构Pneumatic：气动的Hydraulic：液压的Overload：过载Nameplate：铭牌Symmetrical：对称的Independent pole operation: 分相操作Backup：后备Clearing：清除L8Backbone: 主网架Term：术语Insulator：绝缘子Shield wire：避雷线Aluminum conductor steel reinforced(ACSR):铜芯铝导线Suspension type: 悬挂式Pin type: 针式High leakage distance:大泄漏距离Deterioration：老化，劣化Build up: 集聚，积累Galvanized：镀锌的Self-supporting tower：自支撑杆塔Guyed tower: 拉线杆塔Gradient：梯度Bundle-conductor：分裂式导线Perimeter：圆周Series: 串联Shunt：并联Charging current：充电电流Susceptibility：敏感度Creep distance：爬电距离Silicon rubber：硅橡胶Composite insulator：合成绝缘子L10Bus Arrangement: 母线布置Layout: 布置Single Bus: 单母线Main and transfer bus: 单母线加旁路母线Double Bus: 双母线Ring bus: 环形母线Transfer breaker: 旁路断路器Bus tie breaker: 母线联络断路器Protective relaying: 继电保护Backup: 后备Transfer switching: 倒闸操作Outgoing circuit：出线Incoming circuit：进线Odd/even number: 奇/偶数L13Defective element不良部件，有缺陷部件Removal of切除Threefold:三重Instrument transformer:互感器Primary relaying:主继电保护Backup relay:后备继电保护Reset：复归，返回Remote backup:远后备Local backup:近后备Initiate:启动Timer:定时器。
电力词汇——精选推荐
电⼒词汇西班⽛语电⼒⼯程词汇西班⽛语电⼒⼯程词汇地回路电流circuito de retorno por tierra 控制电路circuito de control 选择性电路circuito selectivo ；选择电路circuito selector⼆次电路circuito secundario；主电路，⼲线circuito principal；原电路circuito primario；多相电路circuito polifásico；振荡电路circuito oscilante；栅极电路circuito de rejilla；反馈电路circuito de realimentación；闭合电路circuito cerrado；双向电路circuito bifilar；附加电路circuito aplicado；分⽀电路circuito derivado平⾏馈电alimentación en paralelo电应⼒tensión eléctrica；机械应⼒tensión mecánica相位 fase；故障电路 avería直流电源red de corriente continúa/ fuente alimentadora de C.C；负荷 carga额定电压voltaje nominalReplanteo 放样Limpieza清表debroce 清表（强调植被的清除）Las obras civiles ⼟建⼯程Especificaicones tecnicas 技术规范Captaicon del rio 或者 toma 取⽔Area del ambalse 蓄⽔区域Presa⼤坝Obras anexas附属⼯程Area de prestamos 租界区域Areas vecinas 临近区域Taludes边坡Forma de pago⽀付⽅式Obras de desvio 倒流⼯程Excavacion开挖Desvio del rio 河⽔倒流Desalojo del agua de fundacion 基底排⽔Cuidado del rio 河流的维护Cierredel tunel隧洞的封堵Tapon de hormigon混凝⼟堵头Las instalaciones temporales临时设施Ataguia围堰La margen河岸Dique防护墙（导流⼯程出⼝处防⽌倒流⽔冲击的设施）Desvio definitivo最终倒流Desalojo del auga de fundacion 基底排⽔Excavacion a cielo abierto 明挖，露天开外Metodologia ⽅案（监理整天⼤事⼩事都要有⽅案才同意）Dimension 尺⼨Asentamiento基础Precaucion预防措施Derrumbe 塌⽅Erosion 剥蚀Sobre excavacion过度开挖，超挖（隧洞⾥最怕这个，⼀旦超挖还要填回去，还要⾃⼰承担费⽤）Empotramiento de la presa ⼤坝嵌⼊Voladura爆破Disposicion de materales de excavacion开挖料Entibado⽀撑Ancelaje ，peno锚杆Barra de anclaje 锚铁棒Anclage postensado 后拉紧锚索Red metalica,malla metalica⾦属⽹，钢⽹Hormigon lanzado喷混凝⼟Seccion con entibado⽀撑⾯Gavion⽯笼Enrocado堆⽯Enrocado hormigonado 混凝⼟堆⽯Preconsolidacion 预先固结Tratamiento superficail表⾯处理Acabado del hormigon 混凝⼟收尾Cuirado养护Juntas impermeable 防⽔连接Inferferencia entre obras ⼯程妨碍Control de voladura 爆破控制Iluminacion 照明Ventilacion通风Drenaje排⽔Ruido噪⾳Explosivo爆破物Tunel 坑道Pozo矿井TBM隧道挖掘机Tunel para construccion施⼯通道Perforacion 钻井Perforaciones para drenaje排⽔钻井Perforacion prar inyeccion 灌浆钻井Evacuacion del agua en daleria巷道排⽔Evacuacion del agua en pozo 矿井排⽔Captacion de filtraciones e impermeabilzacion 防⽔渗漏系统Cemento ⽔泥Tipo de cemento ⽔泥，⽔泥标号Trasporte 运输Almacenamiento存储Fuentes de abastecimiento 供应源Agregado⾻料Diseno de mezacla 配合⽐Impureza indeseable 有害杂质Granulometria粒径Agregado fino 细⾻料Agregado grueso粗⾻料Agregado manufacturado 加⼯的⾻料Aditivos quimico化学添加剂Acelerante速凝剂Introductores de aire 引⽓剂Reductores de agua retardante 缓凝减⽔剂Microsilica 微硅粉Dosificaicon de hormigon 配⽐Clases de hormigon 等级Contenido de cemento ⽔泥含量Hormigon ciclopeo ⼤体积混凝⼟Mortero para instalacion de quipo 设备安装所⽤砂浆Proporcion de las mezclas 拌合⽐例Preparacion del hormigon 混凝⼟拌合Plantas dosificadora配⽐站Dosificaicon de materiale 材料配⽐Aditivio 添加剂Balanza 称量Mezcladora estacionarias 固定拌和站Mezcladora moviles 移动拌和站Encofrado模板Encofrado curvos prar trasiciones 过渡弯曲模板Sujecion de los encofrado 模板固定Hormigon de segunda stapa ⼆期混凝⼟Compactacion振捣Cuirado de agua ⽔养护Cuirado del hormigon de alta resistencia ⾼抗混凝⼟养护Laboratorio实验室Reparaciones del hormigon 混凝⼟修复Acabados 混凝⼟收尾Superficies de hormigon a la vista 可见混凝⼟表⾯Superficies formada sin encofarado⾮模板形成的表⾯Inyeccion灌浆Bubdivision de los trabajos⼯作细化Perforadora凿岩机Permeabilidad con agua渗⽔性Planta de ynyeccion灌浆车间Tuberias管道系统Mezcals灰泥Arena 沙⼦Aditivos添加剂Secciones 截⾯Tramos地段Inyecciones de contacto 接触灌浆Inyecciones de consolidacion加固灌浆Inyeccion a presion ⾼压灌浆Inyecciones de cavidades de gran volumen 打孔灌浆Tramos de prueba de inyeccion灌浆试验地段Parametro de inyeccion 灌浆参数Memoria descriptiva de la metodologia del contratista 承包商⼯作⽅法报告Criterios de suspension de la inyeccion 悬液灌浆的标准Lechadas 砂浆Inyeccion de impermeabilizacion 防⽔灌浆Inyecciones con tubos valvulado阀管的灌浆Acero de refuerzo 钢筋Fibra de acero 钢纤维Mallas electrosoldad 电焊Soportes⽀架Pernos 螺栓Electrodos 电极Piezas forjadas 铸件Galvanizado 镀锌Examenes mediante ensayos no destructivo 通过⽆损性测试Montaje 装配Estructuras de acero galvanizado 镀锌钢结构Proteccion anticorrosiva 防腐蚀Cielo paso falso 光滑仿天花板Chimeneas de equilibrio调压井Minicentral ⼩⽔电Juntas de dilatacion 膨胀头Plomadas inversas 反向铅垂Miras de nivelacion⽔平标尺Vertederos para medicion caudales de infiltracion 过滤流量液压⾃卸装置Sensore piezometrico 测压传感器Sismografos 地震仪Acelerometros 加速计Sirena 警报器Preparacion de las cimentaciones 打地基Colocacion de relleno 铺设辅料Rellenos con material aluvial 填充冲击物料Relleno con grava para drenes填充碎⽯物料Relleno con material de prestamo 填充外来物料Suelo organico 有机⼟壤Tuberias embebidas 嵌⼊式管道Desagües de piso 地⾯排⽔Válvulas de retención ⽌回阀Registros de limpieza 清理调节装置Uniones de tuberías 管路连接Uniones roscadas 螺纹接⼝Uniones soldadas 焊接连接Uniones pegadas 胶合连接Uniones con empaque de caucho 橡胶包裹连接SOLDADURA 焊接FABRICACIóN ⽣产GALVANIZACIóN 镀锌INSTALACIóN 安装EJECUCIóN 施⼯Proceso de soldadura 焊接⼯艺Soldadura manual ⼿⼯焊接Soldadura manual ⼿⼯焊接Soldadura automática ⾃动焊接Precalentamiento 预热MARTILLADO 捶打ELECTRODOS 焊条PREPARACIóN DE LOS BORDES 边缘修整EQUIPO DE ESMERILAR 打磨设备SOLDADURA DE ACERO INOXIDABLE 不锈钢焊接LIMPIEZA Y DESBROCE 清洗和清理MOVIMIENTO DE TIERRAS 地⾯移动USO DE EXPLOSIVOS 炸药的使⽤Cunetas laterales 两侧沟渠Cunetas de berma y cunetas de coronación 护坡沟渠和顶部沟渠Alcantarillas de hormigón armado 钢筋混凝⼟下⽔道Alcantarillas de tubo de metal corrugado ⾦属波纹管下⽔道Sub-drenaje 地下排⽔Drenes horizontales ⽔平排⽔SUB-BASE DE AGREGADOS ⾻料地下基础Control de compactación 压实控制CAPA DE RODADURA 滚压层PLACAS DE NEOPRENO 聚氯丁烯板SEGURIDAD Y SE?ALIZACIóN 安全和信号Caminos permanentes永久道路Caminos de construcción施⼯道路Mantenimiento de caminos道路维护Capa de rodadura con asfalto沥青滚动层MAMPOSTERíA ⽑⽯建筑Acabado de los pisos de hormigón 混凝⼟地⾯的精加⼯Pisos de Porcelanato 瓷砖地板Pisos de Cerámica 陶瓷地⾯Pisos de adoquín 路⾯⽯地⾯Pisos de grava 砾⽯地⾯Revestimiento con césped 草⽪铺设REVESTIMIENTOS DE MAMPOSTERíA ⽑⽯建筑层PAREDES DE ROCA EXPUESTA 裸露⽯块的墙体CIELO RASO EXPUESTO 天花板PASAMANOS 护栏ESCALERAS 楼梯CUBIERTAS DE HORMIGóN 混凝⼟层INSTALACIONES SANITARIAS 卫⽣间设施Red de agua potable饮⽤⽔⽹Red de aguas servidas ⾃来⽔⽹Cajas de revisión 维修箱Pozos y sumideros 井和下⽔道Aparatos sanitarios 卫⽣设备CERRAMIENTOS DE MALLA⽹栅围栏INSTALACIONES ELECTRICAS 电⽓设施Configuración de la puesta a tierra 接地布置Red de tierra de las casas de máquinas 机房接地⽹Red de tierra de las subestaciones 变电站的接地⽹Red a tierra de los túneles de descarga 卸载通道的接地⽹Cables 电缆Varillas de puestas de tierra 接地杆Conexiones de las mallas ⽹连接Cajas de conexión 接线箱Electroductos no metálicos ⾮⾦属电导体Electroductos de acero rígido 硬钢电导体Conductores embebidos en el hormigón 混凝⼟嵌⼊式导体Conductores enterrados 地下导体Varillas para puesta a tierra 接地杆Conexiones exotérmicas 放热连接Superficies con enlucido de cemento ⽔泥⽯膏表⾯Superficies de acero galvanizado 镀锌钢表⾯电站 central f.⽔⼒发电⼚ planta hidráulica变电站 subestación, subcentral发电 generar, producir electricidad 流量 caudal河床 lecho del río枢纽 punto clave⼤坝 dique, presa弧形 arco闸门 compuerta⽔轮机 turbina hidráulica轴流式⽔轮机 turbina de flujo axial混流式⽔轮机 turbina mixta反击式⽔轮机 turbina de reacción冲击式⽔轮机 turbina de impulsión型号 modelo参数 parámetro变压器 transformador轴 eje轴承 cojinete直径 diámetro轮叶 aspas发电机 generador电压 voltaje, tensión电流 corriente eléctrica功率 potencia电阻 resistencia阻抗 impetancia电容 capacitancia电容器 condensador电流表 amperímetro电压表 voltímetro吊车 grúa管路 tubo, conducto栅 empalizada开关 interruptor隔离开关 interruptor aislado闸⼑开关 interruptor de cuchilla断路器 cortador检测 supervisar, monitorizar避雷针 pararrayos电源 fuente de alimentación 结构图 organigrama 电路 circuito集成电路 circuito integrado回路 bucle短路 cortocircuito效率 eficiencia磁铁 imán磁 magnetismo电磁的 electromagnético弹簧 muelle线圈/绕组 bobina匝 espila调节 ajustar继电器 relé热继电器 relé térmico时间继电器 relé de tiempo继电保护 protección relevadora相互关系，相互作⽤ reciprocidad⽓态的 gaseoso汽油 gasoleno交点 intersección导线 alambre绝缘 aislamiento绝缘体 aislante电缆 cable eléctrico抽象的 abstracto横剖⾯ sección transversal纵剖⾯ sección longitudinal蜗壳 concha尾⽔ agua de cola⽤户 usuario图 cuadro,gráfico,diagrama串联 conexión en serie并联 conexión en paralelo电荷 electrón电极 electrodo分⼦ molécula电⼯ electricista电⽹ sistema eléctrico电弧 arco eléctrico向量/⽮量 vector垂直的 perpendicular, vertical 平⾏的 paralelo 感光的 fotosensible坐标 coordenada横坐标 abscisa纵坐标 ordenada横线 horizontal曲线 curva线段 segmento折线 quebrada平⾏四边形 paralelogramo对称的 simétrico不对称的 asimétrico函数 función⼏何 geometría接⼒器 servomotor活塞 pistón⼀次设备 equipo primario⼆次设备 equipo secundario测量仪器 instrumentos de medida 截⾯ sección 装置 dispositivo原线圈 bobina original副线圈 vice-bobina空载 carga vacía误差 error额定电压 voltaje nominal电容式 capacitivo熔断器 fusible三相 trifase铁芯 núcleo de hierro 粉碎机 trituradora按钮 pulsador套管（变压器） borne风扇 ventilador铝 aluminio零序 secuencia cero正序 secuencia positiva负序 secuencia negativa后备的 supletorio晶体管 transistor焊接 soldar熔化 fundir座环 corona硬度 dureza耐久性 durabilidad脉冲 impulso剪断销 pestillo导⽔机构 conductor hidráulico⽴轴 eje logitudinal卧轴 eje transversal导叶杆 barra de aspa连杆 enlace空⼼的 hueco膨胀 espansión密封 hermeticidad, hermético adj.磨损 desgastar, desgaste m.摩擦系数 coeficiente de fricción弹性 elasticidad振荡<电> oscilación, vibración补⽓ inflar, inflado m.沸腾 ebullición汽化 vaporizar空蚀 corrosión de aire空化机理 mecanismo de cavitación⽔锤 martillos de aguas氧化 oxidar冲击，撞击 esbestir划痕 huella微粒 partícula穿孔 perforar光泽 brillo, glaseado adj.泄露 fuga f.尖利的 aguzado惯性 inercia电⽓的 eléctrico涡旋 vórtice稳定性 estabilidad不稳定性 inestabilidad压缩 comprimir严重化 engravecer介质 medio发电部 departamento de generación 流动性 fluidez粘滞性 viscosidad相位差 desfase转速 velocidad giratoria飞逸转速 velocidad huida直⾓坐标 coordenadas rectilíneas矩形 rectángulo反馈 realimentación调速器 regulador de velocidad励磁 excitación励磁起励 excitación inicial浮充态 estado de carga flotante 均充态 estado de carga máxima 硫化 vulcanización硫化物 sulfuro集⽔井 pozo de almacenamiento分离器 separador储⽓罐 tanque del gas消防室 cámara por incendio冲洗池 fregadero⼚房 taller双投开关 inversor复归 reponerse⽓压机 compresor de aire消防⽔泵 bomba para incendio风机 ventilador消毒 desinfectar连⽚ conectar开关操作把⼿ contactor验电器 electroscopio验电笔 busca-polo电动势 potencial electrodinámico 电枢反应 reacción de inducido 外径 diámetro externo整流型 rectificador强度 intensidad转换器 conmutador⽓态 estado gaseoso模拟信号 se?al simulada数字信号 se?al digital⽔银温度计 termómetro de mercurio集⽓瓶 recipiente槽 pesebre汛期 temporada de crecida推⼒轴承 cojinete de presión过滤器 filtrador, filtro空⽓冷却器 radiador de aire停电 apagón阀门 válvula逆⽌阀 válvula contra inversión蝴蝶阀 válvula de mariposa盘型阀 válvula de plato备⽤阀 válvula de reserva阀组 grupo de válvulas轴⽡ forro de eje弹性 elasticidad排污 suspilo, descarga⽔池 algibe风闸 cerrodo杂质 impureza集油槽 depósito de almacenamiento del aceite 压油罐 depósito de aceite de presión 浮⼦ flotador通⽓孔 agujero de ventilación消⽕栓 manguera⽰波管 osciloscopio⽰波器 oscilógrafo分瓣键 pasador（⼤锤）击 mazobear⼤锤 mazo套筒 manguito链条 polea防⽔的 impermeable数据处理 procesamiento de datos传感器 sensor <⼯> transductor <电>互感器 inductancia mutua酸值 índice de ácido硅胶 gel de sílice粘度 viscosidad乳化 emulsión乳化剂 agentes emulsificantes再⽣器 regenerador⼿轮 volante取样 muestreo⽕线 alambre cargado零线 alambre neutral中和 neutralizar导电性 conductibilidad⽼化 envejecimiento有机 orgánico沉淀 precipitación氢氧化物 hidróxido厚度 espesor呼吸器 respirador吸附剂 adsorbente防腐剂 conservador饱和 saturación单相的 monofásico三相的 trifásico不锈钢 acero inosidable萃取 extracción提纯 purificación蒸馏⽔ agua destilada⽢油 glicerina外壳 caparazón纤维 fibra⽐⾊计 colorímetro异步电动机 motor asincrónico步进电动机 motor de avance gradual 电抗 reactancia 锈 herrumbre裂痕 raja变阻器 reóstato膜 película⽔溶性的 hidrosoluble渗漏 infiltración拧紧 apretar巡回 ambulante砂眼 poro脱落 desprenderse凸轮 leva潜⽔泵 bomba de buceo油污 mugre摇表 megóhmetro屏蔽环 anillo apantallado。
水利水电工程专业英语词汇
水利水电工程专业英语词汇施工总平面布置(施工总体布置) construction general layout 施工组织Consruction Programming 施工组织设计construction planning 施工坐标系（建筑坐标系）construction coordinate system 湿化变形soaking deformation 湿润比percentage of wetted area 湿润灌溉wetting irrigation 湿室型泵房wet-pit type pump house 湿陷变形系数soaking deformation coefficient 湿陷起始压力initial collapse pressure 湿陷系数(湿陷变形系数) coefficient of collapsibility 湿周wetted perimeter 十字板剪切试验vane shear test 石袋honeycomb 时均流速time average velocity 时均能量time average energy 时效硬化(老化) age hardening (ageing) 时针式喷灌系统(中心支轴自走式系统) central pivot sprinkler system 实测放大图surveyed amplification map 实腹柱solid column 实际材料图primitive data map 实时接线分析real time connection analysis 实时控制real-time control实时数据和实时信息real time data and real time information 实体坝solid dike 实体重力坝solid gravity dam 实物工程量real work quantity 实验站experimental station 实用堰practical weir 示流信号器liquid-flow annunciator 示坡线slope indication line 示误三角形error triangle 示踪模型tracer model 事故failure (accident) 事故备用容量reserve capacity for accident 事故低油压tripping lower oil pressure 事故音响信号emergency signal (alarmsignal)事故运行方式accident operation mode 事故闸门emergency gate 事故照明accident lighting 事故照明切换屏accident lighting change-over panel 势波potential wave 势流potential flow 势能potential energy 势涡(自由涡) potential vortex 视差parallax 视差法测距（基线横尺视差法）subtense method with horizontal staff 视差角parallactic angle 视准线法collimation line method 视准轴（照准轴）coolimation axis 试验处理treatment of experiment 试验端子test terminal 试验项目Testing item 试验小区experimental block 试运行test run 试运行test run 收敛测量convergence measurement 收敛约束法convergence-confinement method 收缩断面vena-contracta 收缩缝(温度缝) contraction joint (temperature joint) 收缩水深contracted depth 手动[自动]复归manual [automatic] reset 手动[自动]准同期manual [automatic] precise synchronization 手动调节manual regulation 手动控制manual control 手动运行manual operation 手工电弧焊manual arc welding 首曲线（基本等高线）standard contour 首子午线（本初子午线，起始子午线）prime meridian 受油器oil head 枢纽布置layout of hydroproject 疏浚dredging 输电系统transmission system 输电线transmission line 输入功率试验input test 输沙量sediment runoff 输沙率sediment discharge 输水钢管steel pipe for water conveyance 输水沟conveyance ditch 输水建筑物waterconveyance structure 输水渠道water conveyance canal 鼠道mole drains 鼠道犁mole plough 鼠笼型感应电动机squirrel cage induction motor 竖井定向测量shaft orientation survey 竖井贯流式水轮机pit turbine 竖井联系测量shaft connection survey 竖井排水drainage well 竖井式进水口shaf tintake 竖轴弧形闸门radial gate with vertic alaxes 数字地面模型digital terrain model （DTM）数字化测图digitized mapping 数字通信digital communication 数字图像处理digital image processing 数字仪表digital instrument甩负荷load dump (load rejection,load shutdown) 甩负荷试验load-rejection test (load-shutdowntest) 双层布置double storey layout 双调节调速器dual-regulation governor 双扉闸门double-leaf gate 双回线double-circuit line 双击式水轮机cross flow turbine,Banki turbine 双极高压直流系统bipolar HVDC system 双金属标bimetal bench mark 双列布置double row layout 双母线接线double-bus connection 双曲拱坝double curvature arch dam 双曲拱渡槽double curvature arch aqueduct 双室式调压室double-chamber surge shaft 双吸式离心泵double-suction pump 双向挡水人字闸门bidirectional retaining mitre gate 水泵[水泵水轮机的水泵工况]的反向最大稳态飞逸转速steady state reverse runaway speed of pump 水泵比转速specific speed of pump 水泵并联扬程曲线head curve of parallel pumping system 水泵参数与特性Parameters and characteristics of pump水泵串联扬程曲线head curve of series pumping system 水泵的最大[最小]输入功率maximum[minimum] input power of pump 水泵电动机机组Motor-pump unit 水泵反常运行pump abnormal operating水泵工况(抽水工况) pump operation 水泵工作点(水泵工况点) pump operating point 水泵供水water feed by pump 水泵机械效率mechanical efficiency of pump 水泵机组pump unit 水泵类型Classification of pumps 水泵零部件Components of pumps 水泵流量pump discharge 水泵容积效率volumetric efficiency of pump 水泵输出功率output power of pump 水泵输入功率(水泵轴功率) input power of pump 水泵水力效率hydraulic efficiency of pump 水泵水轮机Pump-turbine 水泵无流量输入功率no-discharge power of pump 水泵效率pump efficiency 水泵扬程(水泵总扬程) total head of pump 水泵站Pumping Station 水泵装置pump system 水锤(水击) water hammer 水锤泵站hydrauli cram pump station 水锤波(水击波) wave of water hammer 水锤波波速wave velocity of water hammer 水电站Hydroelectric Station 水电站(水力发电站) Hydroelectric station (hydroelectric power station) 水电站保证出力firm power, firm output 水电站厂房(发电厂房) power house 水电站厂房的类型Types of power house of hydroelectric station 水电站出力power output of hydropower station 水电站出力和发电量Power and energy output of hydropower station 水电站的水头、流量、水位Waterhead, discharge, water lever of hydropower station 水电站发电成本generation cost of hydropower station 水电站发电量energy output of hydropower station 水电站建筑物hydroelectric station structure 水电站经济指标Economie index of hydropower station 水电站类型Types of hydroelectric station 水电站引用流量quotative discharge of hydropower station 水电站装机容量installed capacity of hydropower station 水电站自动化automation of hydroelectric station 水跌hydraulic drop 水动力学Hydrodynamics 水斗bucket 水斗式水轮机(贝尔顿式水轮机) pelton turbine 水工建筑物hydraulic structure 水工建筑物的类别及荷载Classification and load of hydraulic structures 水工建筑物级别grade of hydraulic structure 水工金属结构及安装Metal Structures and Their Installation 水工隧洞hydraulic tunnel 水工隧洞Hydraulic tunnels 水工隧洞构造Components of hydraulic tunnel 水工隧洞类型Classification of hydraulic tunnels 水管冷却pipe cooling 水柜water pool 水环真空泵liquid ring pump 水灰比water-cement ratio 水窖(旱井) water callar(dry wall) 水静力学Hydrostatics 水库并联运用operation of parallel-connected resertvoir 水库测量reservoir survey 水库串联运用operation of serial-connected reservoirs 水库调度reservoir operation 水库调度图graph of reservoir operation 水库回水变动区fluctuating back water zone of reservoir 水库浸没reservoir immersion 水库控制缓洪controlled flood retarding 水库库底清理cleaning of reservoir zone 水库泥沙Reservoir sediment 水库泥沙防治Prevention of sediment 水库年限ultimate life of reservoir 水库渗漏reservoir leakage 水库水文测验reservoir hydrometry 水库塌岸bank ruin of reservoir 水库特征库容Characteristic capacity of reservoir 水库特征水位Characteristic level of reservoir 水库泄空排沙sediment releasing by emptying reservoir 水库蓄清排浑clear water impounding and muddy flow releasing 水库淹没补偿compensation for reservoir inundation 水库淹没处理Treatment of reservoir inundation 水库淹没处理范围treatment zone of reservoir inundation 水库淹没界线测量reservoir inundation line survey 水库淹没区zone of reservoir inundation 水库淹没实物指标material index of reservoir inundation 水库异重流density current in reservoir 水库异重流排沙sediment releasing by density current 水库诱发地震reservoir induced earthquake 水库淤积Sediment deposition in reservoir 水库淤积测量reservoir accretion survey 水库淤积极限limit state of sediment deposition in reservoir 水库淤积平衡比降equilibrium slope of sediment deposition in reservoir 水库淤积上延(翘尾巴) upward extension of reservoir deposition 水库淤积纵剖面longitudinal profile of deposit in reservoir 水库滞洪排沙flood retarding and sediment releasing 水库自然滞洪free flood retarding 水冷式空压机water-cooled compressor 水力半径hydraulic radius 水力冲填hydraulic excavation and filling 水力冲填坝hydraulic fill dam水力冲洗式沉沙池hydraulic flushing sedimentation basin 水力粗糙度hydraulic roughness 水力粗糙区hydraulic roughness region 水力共振hydraulic resonance 水力光滑区hydraulic smooth 水力机械Hydraulic Machinery 水力机械与电气设备HYDRAULIC MACHINERY AND ELECTRIC EQUIPMENT 水力机组hydropower unit 水力机组测试Measurement and test for hydropower unit 水力机组的安装和试运行Installation and starting operation of hydropower unit 水力机组调节系统Regulating system of hydropower unit 水力机组辅助系统Auxiliary system for hydropower unit 水力开挖hydraulic excavation 水力坡降(水力比降) hydraulic slope (energy gradient) 水力破裂法(水力致裂法) hydro fracturing method 水力侵蚀(水蚀) water erosion 水力学Hydraulics 水力要素(水力参数) hydraulic elements 水力指数hydraulic exponent 水力自动闸门hydraulic operating gate 水力最优断面optimal hydraulic cross section 水利工程经营管理management and administration of water project 水利计算Computation of water conservancy 水利区划zoning of water conservancy 水利枢纽hydroproject 水利水电工程等别rank of hydroproject 水利水电工程规划PLANNING OF HYDROENGINEERING 水利水电工程技术术语标准Standard of Technical Terms on Hydroengineering 水利水电工程勘测SURVEYAND INVESTIGATION FOR HYDROENGINEERING 水利水电工程施工CONSTRUCTION OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING 水量分布曲线water distribution curve 水流动力轴线(主流线) dynamic axis of flow 水流连续方程continuity equation of flow 水流流态State of flow 水流阻力和能头损失Flow resistance and head loss 水轮泵站turbine-pump station 水轮发电机Hydraulic generator 水轮发电机hydraulic turbine-driven synchronous generator (hydro-generator) 水轮发电机组Hydraulic turbine-generator unit 水轮发电机组hydraulic turbine-generator unit 水轮机hydraulic turbine, water turbine 水轮机[水泵]额定流量rated discharge of turbine[pump] 水轮机安装Installation of hydraulic turbine 水轮机安装高程setting of turbine 水轮机保证出力guaranteed output of turbine 水轮机比转速specific speed of turbine 水轮机参数和特性Turbine parameters and turbine characteristics水轮机层turbine storey (turbine floor) 水轮机的机械效率mechanical efficiency of turbine 水轮机的容积效率volumetric efficiency of turbine 水轮机的水力效率hydraulic efficiency of turbine 水轮机调节系统turbine regulating system 水轮机调节系统静特性试验static characteristic test of regulation system of hydraulic turbine 水轮机调速器turbine governor 水轮机额定输出功率(水轮机额定出力) rated output of turbine 水轮机飞逸转速runaway speed of turbine 水轮机工况(发电工况) turbine operation 水轮机空载流量no-load dischargeof turbine 水轮机类型Classification of turbines 水轮机零、部件Components of hydraulic turbine 水轮机流量turbine discharge 水轮机模型试验model test of turbine 水轮机磨蚀与振动Erosion and vibration of hydraulic turbine 水轮机气蚀系数cavitation factor of turbine,cavitation coefficient of turbine 水轮机设计水头design head of turbine 水轮机试运行Test runof hydraulic turbine 水轮机室turbine casing 水轮机输出功率(水轮机出力) turbine output 水轮机输入功率turbine input power 水轮机水头(水轮机净水头) turbine net head 水轮机吸出水头损失suction head loss of turbine 水轮机效率turbine efficiency 水轮机压力管道(高压管道) penstock 水轮机引水室turbine flume 水轮机主轴turbine main shaft 水轮机最大输出功率(水轮机最大出力) maximum output of turbine 水轮机最高效率maximum efficiency of turbine 水面曲线water surface profile 水面蒸发量evaporation from water surface 水能waterpower, hydropower 水能计算hydropower computation 水能开发方式Types of hydropower development 水能利用Water power utilization 水能利用规划waterpower utilization planning 水能资源(水力资源) waterpower resources, hydropower resources 水泥比表面积specific surface of cement 水泥罐cement silo 水泥水化热hydration heat of cement 水泥体积安定性soundness of cement 水平底坡horizontal slope 水平地质剖面图geological plan 水平度levelness 水平沟horizontal ditches 水平阶地horizontal terraces 水平位移工作点operative mark of horizontal displacement水平位移观测horizontal displacement observation 水平位移基点datum mark of horizontal displacement 水生态学hydrobiology 水头water head 水头损失head loss 水头预想出力expected power, expected output 水土保持soil and water conservation 水土保持工程措施Soil and water conservation works 水土保持规划Planning of soil and water conservation 水土保持林业措施Afforestation measures for soil and water conservation 水土流失Soilandwaterloss 水土流失(土壤侵蚀) soil erosion(soil and waterloss) 水位water stage (water level) 水位、流速、流量Water stage, flow velocity, flow discharge 水位传导系数coefficient of water level conductivity 水位调节装置water level regulator 水位计water-level gauge 水位流量关系曲线stage-discharge relation curve 水位信号water-level indicating signal 水位站water stage gauging station 水文测验hydrometry 水文测站hydrometrical station 水文测站和站网Hydrometrical station and network 水文地质Hydrogeology水文地质基础Basichydrogeology 水文地质试验Hydrogeologicaltest 水文地质图hydrogeological map 水文调查hydrological investigation 水文分析计算Hydrological analysis and computation 水文观测hydrological observation 水文观测Hydrological observation and measurement 水文过程线hydrograph 水文核技术nucleartechnology in hydrology 水文计算Hydrologic computation 水文计算及水文预报Hydrological Computation and Forecasing 水文空间技术space technology in hydrology 水文模型hydrological model 水文年鉴hydrological almanac(hydrological yearbook) 水文频率曲线hydrological frequency curve 水文手册hydrological handbook 水文统计hydrological statistics 水文图集hydrological atlas 水文遥测技术hydrological telemetering technology 水文要素hydrological data 水文预报Hydrological forecast 水文站hydrometrical station 水文站网hydrological network 水文资料整编hydrological data processing 水系(河系,河网) hydrographic net(river system) 水下爆破under water blasting 水下地形测量underground topographic survey 水下混凝土浇筑underwater concreting 水下接地网under water earthed network 水压力hydraulic pressure 水跃hydraulic jump 水跃长度length of hydraulic jump 水跃高度height of hydraulic jump 水跃函数hydraulic jump function 水跃消能率coefficient of energy dissipation of hydraulic jump 水运动学Hydrokinematics 水运动学及水动力学Hydrokinematics and hydrodynamics 水闸sluice (barrage) 水闸类型Classification of sluices 水闸组成部分Components of sluice 水质water quality 水质标准water quality standard 水质监测站water quality monitoring station 水质评价water quality assessment 水质污染Water quality pollution 水质预报water quality forecast水中起动starting in water 水中起动力矩starting torque in water 水柱water column 水坠坝sluicing siltation earth dam 水准测量leveling 水准点benchmark 水准路线leveling line 水准器分划值（水准器角值，水准器格值）scale value of level 水准网平差adjustment of leveling network 水准仪（水平仪）level 水准仪与经纬仪Leveland theodolite 水资源water resources 水资源规划water resources planning 水资源开发利用Development and utilization of water resources 水资源开发利用water resources development 税金tax 顺坝longitudinal dike (training dike) 顺坡(正坡) positive slope 顺行波advancing downstream wave 顺序控制系统sequential control system 顺直型河流straight river 瞬动电流instantaneous acting current 瞬发雷管(即发雷管) instantaneous blasting cap 瞬时沉降(弹性沉降,初始沉降,形变沉降) initial settlement 瞬时单位线instantaneous unit hydrograph 瞬时电流速断保护(无时限电流速断保护) instantaneous over current cut-off protection 瞬时流速instantaneous velocity 瞬态法finite increment method 死库容(垫底库容) dead storage 死区dead band 死水位minimum pool level(dead water level) 松动爆破loosening blasting (crumbling blasting) 松方loose measure 松散系数bulk factor 素混凝土(无筋混凝土) plain concrete 素图simple map 速动时间常数promptitude time constant 速度环量velocity circulation 速度三角形velocity triangle 速凝(瞬时凝结) quick set (flash set) 速凝剂accelerator 塑料导爆管(传爆管) plastic primacord tube 塑限(塑性限度,塑性界限含水量) plastic limit 塑性铰plastic hinge 塑性指数plasticity index 溯源冲刷[淤积] backward erosion[deposition] 算术平均粒径arithmetic mean diameter 算术平均水头arithmetic average head 算术平均效率arithmetic average efficiency 随动系统servo system 随动系统不准确度inaccuracy of servosystem 随机波random wave 随机性水文模型(非确定性水文模型) stochastic hydrological model 碎部点（地形特征点）detail point 碎裂结构clastic structure 碎屑结构clastic texture 隧洞衬砌tunnel lining 隧洞导流tunnel diversion 隧洞渐变段tunnel transition section 隧洞开挖tunnel excavation 隧洞排水tunnel drainage 隧洞钻孔爆破法(隧洞钻爆法) drill-blast tunneling method 损失容积(死容积) lost volume 缩限(收缩界限) shrinkage limit 锁坝closure dike 锁定装置dog device (latch device,gate lock device) 锁锭装置locking device (checking device) 它励(它激) separate excitation 塔式进水口tower intake 踏面rolling face 台车式启闭机platform hoist 台阶结构面step structural plane 台阶掘进法heading and bench method 坍落度slump坍落拱collapse arch 探槽exploratoryt rench 探洞exploratory adit 探井exploratory shaft 探坑exploratory pit 碳素钢(碳钢) carbon steel 塘堰pond 掏槽孔(掏槽眼) cut hole 套管casing pipe 套闸(双埝船闸) doubledike lock 特大暴雨extraordinary rainstorm 特大洪水extraordinary flood 特高压(特高电压) ultra-high voltage (U.H.V.) 特类钢(C类钢) type C steel 特殊地区施工增加费additional cost for special condition 特殊荷载specia lload (unusual load) 特殊荷载组合special load combination 特性和参数Characteristics and parameters 特性阻抗(波阻抗) characteristic impedance (wave impedance) 特征线法characteristics method 特征斜率characteristic slope 梯段爆破bench blasting 梯级水电站cascade hydroelectric station 梯形堰trapezoidal weir 锑恩锑(三硝基甲苯) TNT (trinitroto luene) 提升式升船机lifting type ship lift 提水灌溉pumping irrigation 提水排水pumping drainage 体积模量bulk modulus 体积压缩系数coefficient of volume compressibility 天然骨料natural aggregate 天然密度(天然容重) natural density(naturalunitweight) 天文潮astronomical tide 田间持水量field capacity 田间工程farml and works 田间排水沟(墒沟) field ditch 田间排水试验experiment for farm land drainage 田间渠系farm canal system 田间水利用系数water efficiency in field 田间需水量(田间耗水量) water consumption on farmland 填埋式管(上埋式管) buried pipe line 填石笼gabion 填筑filling 填筑含水量placement water content(placement moisture content) 挑坎(挑流鼻坎) flip bucket。
水利工程外文翻译---美国小规模水电的潜在发展
┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊装┊┊┊┊┊订┊┊英文翻译┊┊┊线┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊装┊┊┊┊┊订┊┊┊┊┊线┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊装┊┊┊┊┊订┊┊┊┊┊线┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊装┊┊┊┊┊订┊┊┊┊┊线┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊装┊┊┊┊┊订┊┊┊┊┊线┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊装┊┊┊┊┊订┊┊┊┊┊线┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊装┊┊┊┊┊订┊┊┊┊┊线┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊装┊┊┊┊┊订┊┊┊┊┊线┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊装┊┊┊┊┊订┊┊┊┊┊线┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊装┊┊┊┊┊订┊┊┊┊┊线┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊美国小规模水电的潜在发展摘要在早前的报告（Kosnik，2008）进行实验研究，潜在的小规模水电贡献给我们可再生能源供应，同时减少碳排放。
这是发现遍及美国成千上万的可行站点能生产大量的水力发电力量。
本文的主要目的是确定使用效益和发展这些小规模水电的地点。
仅仅因为一个站点有必要的地形特点，允许小规模水电开发，并不意味着它应该追求从成本效益的角度来看，即使这是一种可再生的能源资源对环境的影响最小。
分析发现，平均成本的发展小水电是相对较高的，还存在数以百计的站点在低端成本的规模，即现在的经济发展。
关键词：水电可再生能源气候变化1.简介在过去的几十年，随着关注全球气候变化增加和批评对传统化石燃料为基础的能量供应已经长大，开发国内再生的能源供应的兴趣已经增加了。
花费数十亿美元的研究费用和许多科研时间已经度过了一切对地热采暖的分析。
然而，到目前为止还没有一种单一的技术证明了国内的能源问题，所以，所作的努力仍在继续着可再生能源领域的前沿。
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Energy FROM Water 来自水的能源
Energy FOR Water 用于水的能源
Water supply, treatment, distribution and use in rural, urban and industrial settings 农村、城市和工业环境中的水供应、处理、配送和使用
….together with the Co-Lead (SE-UK-China): Water-Energy-Food Nexus 以及联合活动（SE-UK-China）：水-能源-食品之间的关系
3
CEWP Work Area Water and Energy Security CEWP 工作领域 水和能源安全
Байду номын сангаас
Water FOR Energy requires Water and Energy Security 用于能源的水需要水和能源安全
4
CEWP Work Area Water and Energy Security CEWP 工作领域 水和能源安全
Overall Goals of this Water and Energy Work Area
3.
4.
合作活动以及联合活动的主要成果
Next steps
4. 后续步骤
Small Hydropower and CEWP 小水电和CEWP
4 CEWP Work Areas CEWP的4个工作领域
Water Water Water River
and Urbanisation水和城市化
and Energy Security水和能源安全 and Food Security水和粮食安全 Basin Management and Water Ecology Security 流域管理和水生态安全
China) in a comprehensive dialogue
通过将政府、企业和研究人员（欧盟和中国）纳入全面对话，生成政策建议和联合项目 Elaborate outcomes
for Water and Energy that provide a strategic and prioritized, operational framework
Small Hydropower as part of highly relevant Work Area 小水电是高度相关工作领域的一部分 Water and Energy are closely linked and interdependent水和能源紧密相连且相互依存 :
Water use in energy resource extraction & energy conversion 能源资源开采和能源转化中的水利用 Opportunities for innovative and more efficient approaches: 创新的机遇和提高效率的方法： - Fossil fuel, renewable and hydropower systems. - 化石燃料、可再生能源和水电系统 -Efficient energy production enhancing share of renewables - 高效能源生产提高可再生能源的比例 - Tapping hidden potentials of existing hydropower schemes - 挖掘现有水电项目的隐藏潜力 - Innovative solutions for planned schemes. - 创新解决方案的计划方案
水和能源的详尽结果将提供策略和优先的商业框架 Synthesize and
communicate policy / business exchanges on water and energy issues between China and the EU
有关中国和欧盟之间水和能源问题政策与业务交流的综合和沟通
Small Hydropower Co-Lead Partnership between China & Austria planned to be part of the CEWP Work Area WATER AND ENERGY SECURITY
按计划，中国和奥地利小水电联合活动伙伴关系将作为CEWP工作领域水合能源安全的一 部分
该水和能源工作领域的总体目标
Contribute to
overarching aims of CEWP
有助于CEWP的首要目标 Generate policy recommendations and
joint projects by involving governments, businesses, and researchers (EU &
Small Hydropower
小水电
CEWP Annual Meeting 中欧水资源交流平台（CEWP）年度会议 4 December 2014 Beijing, China Birgit Vogel RBMsolutions Liu Heng International Centre for Small Hydropower 国际小水电中心
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Small Hydropower WITHIN Water and Energy Security 水和能源安全中的小水电
2014年12月4日
中国北京
Content 目录
1.
Small Hydropower & CEWP Work Area Water and Energy Security
1. 小水电以及CEWP工作领域，水和能源安全 2. Background and mutual benefits between China/Austria with Small Hydropower Co-Lead 2. 3. 中国/奥地利小水电联合活动的背景以及之间的互惠互利 Cooperation activities and key outcomes of Co-Lead