过去完成时

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过去完成时

过去完成时

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时间状语
过去完成时的时间状语 before, by the time, until , when, after, once, as soon as
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用法
(1)表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动 作,也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即 “过去的过去”。 可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从 句来表示,也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示, 还可能通过上下文来表示。 例如: By nine o’clock last night, we had gotten 200 pictures from the spaceship.
but I
in many worse
hotels.
A.was staying
B.stayed
C.would stay
D.had stayed
.
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6.(08辽宁23) We first met on a train in 2000.We
both felt immediately that we each other for years.
他说他很熟悉她。
I thought I had sent the letter a week before. 我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。
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(6) 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在前,用过 去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。
如when, before, after, as soon,as, till/until引导的
She found the key that she had lost. 她丢失的钥匙找到了。
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(5)过去完成时常常用在told, said ,knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句(或间接 引语)中,这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的 过去的动作之前。

过去完成时

过去完成时

过去完成时一、含义:过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作,它表示发生的时间为“过去的过去”。

二、构成:had +〔not〕+过去分词一般疑问句:Had+ 主语+ 过去分词+其他?肯定答复: Yes, 主语+ had.否认答复: No, 主语+ hadn’t.例句:By the time he got to the airport,the plane had taken off.---Had the plane taken off by the time he got to the airport?---Yes,it had./No, it hadn’t.三、用法1.过去完成时是一个相对的时态。

只有和过去的某个时间或动作相比较时才会用到。

常见的时间状语〔从句〕由by, before, when, by the end of, by the time, until 等引导。

①He had worked in that school for three years before he came to our school.他来我们学校之前已经在那所学校工作了三年。

〔解析:由时间状语before he came to our school.可知,前面是在此之前所发生的事情,表过去的过去,应该用过去完成时。

〕②My parents had begun to work by the time I got up.在我起床的时候我父母已经开始工作了。

③I had learned1000English words until then.到那时为止我已经学会了1000个英语单词。

2.过去完成时还可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态一直延续到过去某个时间并可能延续下去。

常与“for +时间段”或“since+时间点”连用。

注意:与现在完成时一样,和时间相关的要用延续性动词。

①The film had already been on for half an hour when Millie got to the cinema.当Millie到达电影院的时候, 电影已经开始了半个小时了。

过去完成时

过去完成时

1. 过去完成时(1) 构成:由助动词had + 过去分词构成否定式:had not + 过去分词缩写形式:hadn’t(2) 用法:过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。

(3) 它所表示的时间是“过去的过去”。

①表示过去某一时间可用by, before 等构成的短语来表示②也可以用when, before, after 等引导的时间状语从句来表示③还可以通过宾语从句或通过上下文暗示。

When I got there, you had already eaten you meal. 当我到达那里时,你已经开始了。

By the time he got here, the bus had left. 到他到达这里时,汽车已经离开了三、语法:过去完成时过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作,它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”过去完成时由“助动词had(had用于各种人称)+ 动词的过去分词”构成用动词的正确时态填空:By the time he was ten, he (set) up a lab of his own.表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成的动作,可以用by, before, by the end of等介词短语或by the time引导一个时间状语从句来表示。

又如:I had seen you before you saw me. 在你看到我之前,我早已看到你了。

He said she (work) in a foreign company for five years before she (become) an English teacher.又如:The teacher asked me what had happened to me.老师问我发生了什么事。

改错:When we got there, the movie had begun for almost twenty minutes.又如:I had worked for three hours when he called. 当他打电话时,我已经工作了三个小时了。

过去完成时

过去完成时

过去完成时一、概念过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作,即“过去的过去(past-in-the-past )”。

----|--------------------------|-------------------------------|---------------------------->那时以前那时现在二、构成过去完成时由“助动词had + 过去分词”构成,其中had 通用于各种人称。

例如:They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.他们来宾馆之前就已经吃过饭了。

H e didn’t go to bed until he had finished he work.他直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。

三、用法1.过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束,即发生在“过去的过去”。

例如:When I woke up, it had stopped raining.我醒来时,雨已经停了。

(主句的动作发生在“过去的过去”)He had left when I arrived. 当我到达时他已经离开。

2.过去完成时是一个相对的时态,表示的是“过去的过去”,只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。

例如:She told me that she had written a new novel.她告诉我她已经写好一本小说了。

(had written 发生在told 之前)I found the watch which I had lost. 我找到了我丢失的表。

3.过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用,它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。

此时多与already,yet,still,just,before,never 等时间副词及by,before,until 等引导的短语或从句连用。

英语时态:过去完成时

英语时态:过去完成时

英语时态:过去完成时过去完成时(The Past Perfect Tense)表示过去某一时间前就已经发生或完成了的动作,对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或是结果,用来指在另一个过去行动之前就已经完成了的事件。

它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”,侧重事情的结果。

Ⅰ. 句法结构:1.陈述句:助动词have过去式+ doneA. 肯定形式:主语+had+done+其他B. 否定形式:主语+had not+done+其他注:助动词had不构成实际含义,因为是过去式,所以也不用与主语进行人称和数的变化;而行为(实义)动词仍统一以done形式存在在结构中,没有进行人称和数变化。

2.疑问句:A. 一般疑问句:助动词提前即可Had+主语+done+其他B.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(同上)3.被动语态:主语+ had + been +done +其他【被动结构be done,时体现在助动词】➢两态变化例句参考下表:Ⅰ. 主要用法:过去完成时的主要用法和现在完成时一样。

不同的是,过去完成时把时间推移到了过去某一时间之前,与现在无关。

常与by the end of, by the time ..., before等时间状语连用。

1.过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作。

Helen had left her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband came home.When we got to the cinema, the film had already begun.2.表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始,一直延续到过去的这一时间,而且还可能继续下去的动作,常和for, since构成的短语或引导的从句连用。

By the time I left the school, he had taught the class for 3 years.He said he had made great progress since he came here.3.放在said,told,asked,thought,wondered等过去时动词的后面,表示在这些动作发生之前已经发生了的事情。

过去完成时态

过去完成时态

过去完成时态过去完成时态是英语中表示过去某个时间或事件之前已经完成的动作或状态的时态。

本文将详细介绍过去完成时态的构成、用法、时间标志词以及常见错误使用。

一、过去完成时态的构成过去完成时态的构成是由“had”(过去式的have)+ 动词的过去分词构成。

例如:He had eaten dinner before he watched the movie.(他在看电影之前已经吃过晚饭了。

)I had finished my homework when she called.(她打电话时,我已经做完作业了。

)二、过去完成时态的用法1. 表示在过去某个时间或事件之前已经完成的动作或状态。

I had already visited Japan before I went to Korea.(在去韩国之前,我已经去过日本了。

)They had finished their work before the boss arrived.(老板到达之前,他们已经完成了工作。

)2. 用于过去完成时态的从句中,可以表示过去某个时间或事件之前已经完成的动作或状态。

She realized that she had forgotten her keys after she arrived home.(她到家后才意识到自己忘带了钥匙。

)He knew that he had made a mistake as soon as he submitted the report.(他一提交报告就知道自己犯了个错误。

)3. 过去完成时态还可与其他过去时态进行比较,强调过去完成的先后关系。

She told me that she had already seen the movie before it was released.(她告诉我她在电影上映之前已经看过了。

)三、过去完成时态常用的时间标志词过去完成时态常用的时间标志词有:already(已经)、just(刚刚)、before(在...之前)、by the time(到...之前)、once(一旦)、never(从不)、until(直到)等。

过去完成时


bought a bottle of juice. football, I _________
写出下列动词的过去完成时形式 (5’/1) had been
had seen be _________________ see_________________
had begun had sung begin _______________
句型转换
(10’/1)
1. He had stood up before he cleaned the window. _________ After he had stood up, he cleaned the window. 2. His father went to Beijing. He arrived home. (用before合并句子) His father______ ____ Beijing before had ______ gone to arrived home. he _________
sing_________________ had brought
had opened bring________________ open________________
用所给动词的正确形式填空.(10’/1)
had turned off 1. He_______________ (turn off) the lights before he left the classroom.
按要求改写下列句子.(5’/1)
Simon had finished his homework before he watched TV.
Simon hadn’t finished his homework 否定句:before he watched TV.

过去完成时(详细讲解)

过去完成时详细讲解
目 录
• 过去完成时基本概念 • 过去完成时用法详解 • 过去完成时与现在完成时对比 • 过去完成时常见错误及纠正 • 过去完成时典型例句分析 • 过去完成时在写作和口语中的应用
01 过去完成时基本概念
定义与构成
定义
过去完成时表示在过去某一时间 或动作之前已经发生或完成的动 作,即“过去的过去”。
主语 + had + not + 过去分词:表示主语在过去某一时间之前尚未完成的动作,即“过去 的过去”的否定形式。
主语 + had + just/already/ever/never等 + 过去分词:这些副词与过去完成时连用,表示 不同的时间概念和语气。例如,“just”表示“刚刚”,“already”表示“已经”, “ever”表示“曾经”,“never”表示“从未”。
02 过去完成时用法详解
表示过去某一时间前已完成的动作
动作发生在过去的过去
过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动 作之前已经发生或完成的动作,即“ 过去的过去”。
强调动作的完成
过去完成时强调动作在过去某一时间 之前已经完成,不强调动作发生的具 体时间。
表示过去某一时间前已开始并持续到过去的动作
动作在过去某一时间前开始
过去完成时还可以在复合句中表 达“过去的过去”,即在过去某 个时间之前已经完成的动作。
在复合句中,过去完成时常用在 主句或从句中,表示一个动作在 另一个动作之前已经完成。
例如:By the time he was ten, he had learned to play the piano. 他十岁时就已经学会了弹钢 琴。
02
现在完成时的时间参照点是现在 ,表示从过去某个不确定的时间 开始一直持续到现在的动作或状 态。

过去完成时态

过去完成时态过去完成时(past perfect)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。

它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”。

基本结构:主语+had+过去分词(done)①肯定句:主语+had+过去分词+其他.②否定句:主语+had+not+过去分词+其他.③一般疑问句:Had+主语+过去分词+其他?肯定回答:Yes,主语+had.否定回答:No,主语+had not .④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句(Had+主语+过去分词+其他)?基本用法(1)表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作,也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。

即“过去的过去”。

可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示,也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示,还可能通过上下文来表示。

以上内容转自小精灵网()例如:By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.到昨晚9点钟,我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。

(2)表示由过去的某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。

例如:I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.当车来的时候,我在车站已等了20分钟。

He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。

(3)叙述过去发生的事情,在已叙述了过去发生的事情后,反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时,常使用过去完成时。

例如:Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine.史密斯先生昨天去世了。

他以前是我的好友。

过去完成时


D. had completed university
C 9. She had written a number of books _____ the end of last year.
A. for
B. in
C. by
D. at
B 10. He _____ to play ____ before he was 11 years old.
A .has seen B. saw
C. will see
D. had seen
B 7. She said her family _______ themselves ______ the army during the war.
A. has hidden, from
B. had hidden, from
7.“用在 It /This/That was the first…time + that 从句 (had done)中” It was the third time that he had made the same mistake. (这是他第三次犯同样 的错误了。)
8.“用在It was/had been + 一段时间 + since 从句 (had done)中” It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.(十年我们都没这麽高兴 了。)
3.“用在 Hardly(scarcely, barely)…when…, No sooner…than…句型中” Hardly had I got home when the rain poured down. (我刚到家大雨就倾盆而 下。)
4.“By the time + 从句(did/was/were), 主语 + had done…” By the time we arrived, everyone had received medical care.(我们到达时,每 个人已接受了医疗护理。)
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对应训练 同义句转换 1. He left his office 3 hours ago. He has been away from his office for 3 hours. ______________ It ______________ 3 hours since he left his has been/is office. 2. He has been dead for 4 years. He died 4 years ago. _____________ 4 years since It has been______________ he died.
表示动作已完成或表示过去到现在的经历。常 与一些时间状语,如 already,yet,just, ever,so far,up to now,in the past five years,recently,lately,never,once,all one’s life等连用。例如: — Have you had your lunch yet? 你吃过午饭了 吗? — Yes, I have. I’ve just had it at home. 吃过了。 我刚刚在家里吃的。
现在完成时
现在完成时 构成: have+过去分词 用法:在下列几种情况下常用现在完成时。 ① 表示动作已完成。
表示过去发生的动作对目前产生的影响或结 果。例如: We have set up many new factories in this area. 我们在这个地区已建立起许多新工厂。 I can’t open the door, for I have lost the key. 我 打不开门,因为我丢了钥匙。
3.
我总是每天早上五点钟起床。 I always get up at five o’clock every morning.
回忆:一般现在时表示习惯性,现在反复出现的动作 或状态,常于always, often, seldom等时间状语连用。 联想&总结一般过去时 表示习惯性,过去时间里反复出现的动作或 状态,常于always, often, seldom等时间状语连用。
【即学即练】 单项填空 1. She was surprised to find the fridge empty; the children _______ everything! (2011山东) A. had been eating B. had eaten C. have eaten D. have been eating 2. Experiments of this kind _______ in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War. (2011北京) A. have conducted B. have been conducted C. had conducted D. had been conduc时
Revision 现在时态基本形式 时态 主动 一般现在时 am/is/are; do/does 现在进行时 be (am/is/are) doing 现在完成时 have/has done 现在完成进 have/has been doing 行时
过去时态基本形式 时态 主动 一般过去时 was/were; did 过去进行时 过去完成时 be (was/were) doing had done
过去进行时的时间状语从句
• 1. 用when引导的时间状语从句表示主句的动作正 在进行的时间。 • I was cooking when she knocked at the door. • 2. while 表示一段时间,因此它所引导的状语从句 中,谓语动词常用进行时态。 • While we were having supper, the light went out. • 3. when用作并列连词时,“这时”,表示主句动 作发生的过程中,另一个意想不到的动作发生了。 • I was walking in the street when someone called me. 我正在街上走时突然有人喊我。
2.表示“一……就……”的几个固定句型: Hardly/No sooner/Scarcely had+主语+过 去分词+when/than/before+从句(一般过 去时)。 翻译:我刚到家大雨就倾盆而下。 Hardly(No sooner) had I got home when (than) the rain poured down. Hardly had when ___________we started _______the car got a flat tyre. 我们才刚刚动身,汽车的轮胎就漏气了。
would +do 也表 过去我总是九点钟起床。 示过去经常或反 I ____ ____ get up at 9:00 o’clock. 复发生的动作。 used to
布朗一家无论什么时候去,都受到热烈欢迎。 Whenever the Browns went during their were given visit,they _____ ____a warm welcome.(give) 4.表示刚才的想法
② 表示动作尚未完成,可能会继续下去,也可 能已停止。谓语动词常为延续性动词,与表 示时间段的时间状语连用。 He has lived here since last year. 他自去年以来 一直住在这儿。 ③ 用在“It / This / That + is / will be + the first / second / third /most…time + (that)…”结构的 that从句中。例如: This is the first time that I have spoken in public. 这是我第一次在公众面前讲话。
一般过去时(simple past tense) met 1. I _____ (遇见)my old frends in the street yesterday. traveled Yang Liwei _________(遨游) in space for more than 21 hours. 小结:一般过去时表示发生在过去的动作, 或谈过去的事实。与其连用的时间状语常 有:yesterday, last night, the other day, two months ago, in 1985, then, just now
典例剖析 The manager is said to have arrived back from Paris where he ____ some European partners. [2012江苏卷] A. would meet B. is meeting C. meets D. had met 剖析 : 考查动词的时态和语态。根据句中“is said to have arrived”可知, arrive这个动作是在过 去发生的, 而会面的动作则在arrive的动作之前 发生的, 即在过去的过去发生的动作, 所以用过 去完成时, 故选D项。
一、过去完成时表示发生在“过去的过去”的动作, 常用于以下几种情况中: 1.by,by the end of,by the time,until,before, since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句,主句 用过去完成时。 By the end of last year, another new cinema ______________ had been built in our city. 到去年年末,我们城市又建了一座新电影院。 I ______________5,000 words before I entered the had learnt university. 在我上大学前就学了5,000个单词。
4. It was/had been+一段时间+since从句。since 从句中谓语动词用过去完成时。 It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time. 有十年我们没这么高兴了。
5. That/It was the first/second/. . . time+ that 从句。that从句谓语要用过去完成时。 It was the third time (that) he had made the same mistake. 这是他第三次犯同样的错误了。
2.
一般现在时态 表示主语的特 She speaks English well. 征,能力 一般过去时 那时,她英语说的很好。 表示主语的特 征,能力 At that time, she ______ Enghlish well. spoke
她英语说得很好。
小结:一般过去时,表示主语过去的 特征和性格等。
过去进行时 We ____ _______ the plan the whole morning were discussing yesterday. 昨天整个上午我们一直在讨论这个计划。 表示 过去某个时刻或阶段正进行的动作 。 通常有时间状语(at that time/moment, then, at this time yesterday/ last week/last night/ last Sunday, at +点钟+o’clock last night… )或者从句 (when sb.did sth.)或由上下文表示。
过去完成时
构成: had+过去分词 用法: A.表示在过去某一时间之前已完成的动作。 B. 过去完成时还可以表示过去某一时间以前发生 开始的动作持续到这一过去的时间。 • 常用的时间状语有: • by then, by that time, until, by the end of, • before 2000, by the time+句子等。
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