雅思小作文常用词汇、短语、例句、同义词整理解析
雅思小作文词汇
雅思小作文词汇以下为雅思小作文词汇：1. 两者比较：compared to， differ from， vastly different， in contrast to2. 添加：in addition， additionally， moreover，what’s more3. 例子：such as，for example4. 相同：as well as， likewise， similarly5. 数据：latest evidence， figures， statistics6. 信息源：according to， experts suggest， the latest research suggests7. 时间：in recent years， in recent decades，recently8. 原因：because of，due to，owing to9. 推广：subsequently，as a result，so，therefore10. 后果：consequently，as a consequence，thus为了帮助雅思考生同学更好地掌握小作文的相关词汇，提高小作文写作的能力，下面我将以上雅思小作文词汇进行分类讲解。
一、两者比较：1. compared to：比较，表示相对而言；2. differ from：不同，指的是两者的区别；3. vastly different：差异很大，指的是两者的出入；4. in contrast to：与……形成鲜明对比，一般指前一句话和后一句话进行鲜明对比。
二、添加：1. in addition：此外，表示在前面内容之外还有额外补充；2. additionally：此外，也表示前文陈述内容之外又有新增内容；3. moreover：而且，表示前面陈述的内容之外，又有进一步的内容补充；4. what’s more：此外，也表示在前面陈述内容之外又有新增内容。
雅思小作文常用词汇及思路
小作文写作描写程度appreciably adv. 显著地，可观的He’s looking appreciably thinner. considerably adv 显著地markedly adv 显著地remarkably adv 显著地considerably adv. 可观的gradually adv 缓慢地The percentage is considerably higher than …gradual adj. 缓慢的 gradually declineroughly rough slight Slightly adv. 粗糙地、大略地、大概地 The percentage is roughly at 7%. adj. 粗糙的、大略的、大概的adj. 轻微的 a slight slip, error, change, improvementadv. 轻微地、微小地 The patient is slightly better todaymoderate adj. 适中的、稳健的、温和的 moderate price increases moderately adv. 适度地; 不过分地marginal adj.轻微的、边缘的、不重要的、微小的 a marginal difference between ….Substantia ldecrease adj. 数目大的; 可观的、显著的 a substantial improvement,dramaticallydramatically.adv. 巨大的、夸张的、引人注目的 Her attitude changeddramatic adj.戏剧的、夸张的、巨大的Obviously adj. 明显地 He was obviously drunk.approxima te adj 大约的，近似的 an approximate price,figure, amount, etcapproximately adv.大约地，近似地 = roughlytwice,three times adv. 两倍三倍discrepant adj.有差异的，有矛盾的，不一致的 =differentintermediate adj. 中间的,介于两者之间, 中等的 at an intermediate point, level, stageoutnumber vt. 在数量上超过 The demonstrators were outnumbered by the police specifically adv.特别地respectively adv.分别地描写变化趋势diminish decline reducev. 使减少 His strength has diminished over the years. v. 减少，下降，衰退 n.衰落降低 a declining birth-rate v. 减少，下降 n.减少 increase profits by reducing costsreduction n. 减少decrease v. 变小或变少; 减少 n.减少500.downward adj. adv. 下降，减少，恶化Student numbers have decreased bya downward trend in pricescurtail v.减少削减 (开支、花费) 缩短 (时间、假期) 等 We must try to curtail our spendingcurtailment n. 缩短; 减少; 削减fluctuate v. 涨落、波动 The pricefluctuates between 5 and 6.fluctuation n. 波动、变化 widefluctuations of temperatureshack n. 震荡、波动stationary adj. 静止的，不动的 a stationary phase of this curve 静止不动期dwindle mount multiplyv. 逐渐变少或变小; 减少; 缩小 dwindling hopes, popularity, profits v. (数量、密度)上升、增加 The death toll mounted to 100.v. 增多, 增加 Our problems have multiplied since last year.ascend upwardincrease 2%. steadily v. 上升; 升高 Ascending trend 上升趋势adj., adv 上升，升高 the upward trend in pricesv.增加, 增大 (数目数量) n.增长 The rate of inflation has increased by adv.稳定，保持不变 remain steadily at 1000for 2 yearstriple v.变成三倍 Thefigure has tripled.double v.变成两倍 The price of houses has virtually doubled over the pastfew years.constantly adv.持续地固定用法：In terms of…就。
(完整版)雅思小作文常用词汇和套句汇总
雅思小作文常用词汇和套句汇总Ⅰ、开头结尾段常用词汇句型一、开头段常用词汇：“显示”“表明”“说明”——show, give, reveal, present, describe, depict, demonstrate, illustrate, indicate, reflect。
领域 area/aspect/field/region/sphere二、开头常用句式1. 根据这幅图我们可以看出According to the chart, it is clear that…2. 这幅图描述了…在…（时间起始）的数量变化 the chart shows thechanges in the number of sth. over the period from …to …(between…and…)3. 从这幅图我们看到从..到..的数据变化 the chart shows the changes inthe number of sth. over the period from… to …三、结尾常用句式在研究了这幅图之后，我们了解到 when we study the chart, it is apparent that1) We can conclude from the table that...2) In short ( = In brief), ...3) In conclusion, ...4) To conclude, it seems clear that...5) From the table/diagram, we can see...6) As can be seen from the chart/table/diagram, ...7) It is clear/apparent from the chart/graph/table/diagram that...Ⅱ、各种图表常见词汇及句型一、饼状图（Pie chart）1. 常用词1)名词：◆percentage百分比◆proportion份额2)动词：占：Comprise ,make up, constitute, account for, take up，consume占(份额), occupy, composeis divided into…parts分为……部分consist of/ be comprised of 由…构成consume the larges/smallest portion占最大/小的份额与…相比较compare/comparison/by contrast/ in sharp contrast to比…多outnumber/exceed3）短语及副词与…相反on the contrary几分之几one half/ one third/ one fifth/ two thirds/ two fifths大约、大概about/around/almost/nearly/roughly/approximately分别/各自respectively与…相比：Compared with，compared to，in comparison with，in comparison to，by comparison with，by comparison to2. 常用套句1)The graph, presented in a pie chart, shows the general trend in…该图以饼图形式描述了……总的趋势。
雅思写作之重点单词和词组
雅思写作之重点单词和词组一、动词：justify: 证明……是合理的conclude: 得出结论highlight: 突出，强调identify: 识别，鉴定justify: 证明……是合理的suggest: 建议undermine: 削弱address: 解决mitigate: 减轻hinder: 阻碍facilitate: 促进jeopardize: 危及enhance: 提高，增强stimulate: 刺激complicate: 使复杂化transform: 改变，转化challenge: 挑战benefit: 受益exploit: 利用generate: 产生manipulate: 操纵promote: 促进suppress: 压制vital: 至关重要的crucial: 至关重要的significant: 显著的significance: 重要性essential: 必要的essential to: 对……是必要的indispensable to: 对……是必不可少的二、名词：benefit: 利益cost: 成本，代价impact: 影响import: 重要性significance: 重要性challenge: 挑战solution: 解决方案trade-off: 权衡implication: 含义，影响outcome: 结果三、词组：in my view/opinion:在我看来in general:一般而言on the one hand/on the other hand:一方面/另一方面in spite of/despite the fact that:尽管/虽然as a result/consequence of:作为……的结果/后果in proportion to:与……成比例as well as:和，也，除……之外at the same time/moment:同时/此刻，另一方面for instance/example:例如，比如by contrast/comparison:相比之下，与……对照in addition/furthermore/moreover/besides: 另外/此外/再者/再说，除……之外。
雅思小作文常用词汇和套句汇总.doc
雅思小作文常用词汇和套句汇总Ⅰ、开头结尾段常用词汇句型一、开头段常用词汇：“显示”“表明”“说明”—— show, give, reveal, present, describe, depict, demonstrate, illustrate, indicate, reflect 。
领域area/aspect/field/region/sphere二、开头常用句式1.根据这幅图我们可以看出According to the chart, it is clear that2.这幅图描述了⋯在⋯（时间起始）的数量变化the chart shows the⋯changes in the number of sth. over the period from ⋯to ⋯(between ⋯and⋯)3.从这幅图我们看到从..到..的数据变化the number of sth.over the period from the⋯chart shows the changes into⋯三、结尾常用句式在研究了这幅图之后，我们了解到 when we study the chart, it is apparent that1)We can conclude from the table that...2)In short ( = In brief), ...3)In conclusion, ...4)To conclude, it seems clear that...5)From the table/diagram, we can see...6)As can be seen from the chart/table/diagram, ...7)It is clear/apparent from the chart/graph/table/diagram that...Ⅱ、各种图表常见词汇及句型一、饼状图（ Pie chart ）1.常用词1)名词：◆ percentage百分比◆ proportion份额2)动词：占： Comprise ,make up, constitute, account for, take up，consume占(份额 ), occupy, composeis divided into⋯分parts为⋯⋯部分consist of/ be comprised of由⋯构成consume the larges/smallest portion占最大 /小的份额与⋯相比较 compare/comparison/by contrast/ in sharp contrast to 比⋯多 outnumber/exceed3）短语及副词与⋯相反几分之几大约、大概分别 /各自on the contraryone half/ one third/ one fifth/ two thirds/ two fifths about/around/almost/nearly/roughly/approximately respectively与⋯相比： Compared with，compared to，in comparison with， in comparisonto， by comparison with，by comparison to2.常用套句1)The graph, presented in a pie chart,shows the general trend in ⋯该图以饼图形式描述了⋯⋯总的趋势。
雅思小作文必备词汇和句型 (升级版)
雅思小作文必备词汇和句型（升级版）Yicheng 1.Words and phrases 词汇和短语2.句型结构Sentence Pattern1.The table shows the changes in the number of...over the period from...to...该表格描述了在...年之...年间...数量的变化。
2.The graph provides some information regarding...该图为我们提供了有关...的数据。
3.The figures/statistics show (that)...数据(字)表明...4.The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that...这些数据资料令我们得出结论...5.As is shown/demonstrated/exhibited in the diagram/graph/chart/table...如图所示...6.According to the chart/figures...根据这些表(数字)...7.As is shown in the table...如表格所示...8.As can be seen from the diagram, great changes have taken place in...从图中可以看出，...发生了巨大变化。
9.It is clear/apparent from the chart that...从图表我们可以很清楚(明显)看到...10.This table shows the changing proportion of a & b from...to...该表格描述了...年到...年间a与b的比例关系。
11..As can be seen from the graph,the two curves show the flutuation of...如图所示，两条曲线描述了...的波动情况。
雅思小作文必备词汇和句型(基础版)
雅思小作文基础词汇句型Yicheng 必备同义词替换：展示，提供（首句谓语动词）：show/ describe/ indicate/ illustrate/ provide占百分之多少：Account for/ make up/ provide/ represent/ occupy … with… 趋势：trend/ tendency数据：number/ data/ figure百分比，比例：percentage/ proportion类别：category / type/ kind/ group然后：thereafter（替换then）, after thate.g. Thereafter, the number of cases dropped slowly to about 2800 in September.从前，过去：formerly （代替past）e.g. Many formerly inaccessible places are now reached by road and rail.段落中的连接词：同样的：likewise同时：meanwhile并且：moreover但是：however，whereas相反：conversely相比之下：by comparison, in contrast, compared with sth, comparatively四大趋势灵活表达总结：上升，下降，波动，不变Trend 上升下降最高/最低波动不变Nouns a risean increasea growth a decreasea declinea falla peaka bottomthe highest/a fluctuationa variationa period ofstability/steadinessa surge a drop lowest pointVerbs riseincreasegrowgo up decreasedeclinefalldroppeak fluctuatevarystabilizeplateau(plateaued) 到达高原（上升后的），达到稳定状态Phrases show anupward trend/tendency show adownwardtrend/tendencyreach the peakat…reach thebottom at…showsomefluctuation/variationremain stable/constant/steadyTask 1 的六大句型(一) 开头段The table / line graph / bar chart / pie chart / graph / chart shows / illustrates /describes /这个表格/ 曲线图/ 柱状图/ 饼图/ 图表/ 显示了……(二) 描述“上升、下降、不变、波动” （各个对象在一段时间内进行变化）1.There was / is / wil be a (+adj.) + n. in the number / percentage of A(数据+) 时间A是对象的名字（图表中肯定有，照着写）n. 是表示“上升、下降、不变、波动”的名词(1) 表示“增加（上升）”的名词increase / rise / growth / jump / surge / boom(2) 表示“减少（下降）”的名词decrease / decline / fall / reduction / drop / slump(3 )表示“波动”的名词fluctuation(4 )表示“不变”的名词no/little changeadj.是形容词(1 ) 表示“快速的，剧烈的，显著的”的形容词rapid/ sharp/ significant/ dramatic/ drastic(2 ) 表示“逐步的，适度的，稳定的，慢的，一点点的”的形容词Gradual / moderate / steady / slow/ slightThen there was a drastic drop in the number over the next two years.There is little change in the number from 12pm to 2pm.There was a slight increase in the percentage o f TV audiences from about 3% at 6:00 am to about 7% at 8:00 am.And then, for the rest o f the day, there was a gradual drop in the percentage, with a slight increase from 4:00 pm to 5:00 pm and around 11:00 pm.2.The number / percentage of A + v. (+adv.) (数据+) (时间)A是对象的名字（图表中肯定有，照着写即可）v .是表示“上升、下降、不变、波动”的动词( 1) 表示“上升” 的动词（括号中是不规则动词的过去式）increase/ rise (rose)/go up (went up)/grow(grew)/jump/climb/surge/shoot up(shot up)/boomsurge / shoot up / boom 表示大量增加，显著上升( 2) 表示“减少（下降）” 的动词（括号中是不规则动词的过去式）decrease/decline/go down (went down)/fall (fell)/be reduced/drop/sink (sank)/dip/slump/plummet slump /plummet 表示剧烈下降，显著减少(3 )表示“波动”的动词fluctuate(4 )表示“不变”的动词remain stable at/remain the same/^at ) 000/do not change/stabilize at//remain constant at/ remain steady/stay constant at/maintain the same level/level o ff at/level out atadv.是副词(1 )表示“快速地，剧烈地，显著地”的副词rapidly/sharply/significantly/dramatically/drastically(2 )表示“逐步地，适度地，稳定地，慢地，一点点地”的副词gradually/moderately/ steadily/slowly/slightlyThen the number plummets from 2pm to 4pm.After 6pm, the number decreases again.From 8:00 am to 12:00 pm, it remained stable.3.时间段witness / see (saw) / experience a (+ adj.) + n. in the number / percentage of A (数据) , 其中A是对象的名字（图表中有，照写）n. 是表示“上升，下降，不变，波动”的名词(1 )表示“增加（上升）”的名词increase/rise/growth/jump/surge/boom(2 )表示“减少（下降）”的名词decrease/decline//fall/reduction/ drop/slump(3 )表示“波动”的名词fluctuation(4 )表示“不变”的名词no/little changeadj.是形容词(1)表示“快速的，剧烈的，显著的”rapid/sharp/significant/dramatic/drastic 的形容词(2 )表示“逐步的，适度的，稳定的，慢的，一点点的”的形容词gradual/moderate/steady/slow/slightThe period between 10am and 12pm witnesses a moderate growth in the number of people in the station, with the number reaching 280 at midday.The next two hours see a dramatic rise in the number again.However, the next 10 hours witnessed a dramatic fall in the percentage.(三) 描述最高点、最低点（一个对象在一段时间之中的最高点和最低点）图表中有不同的时间，即第一类典型题目和第三类典型题目，能使用这个句型。
雅思小作文饼图常用词汇、万能句型、范文整理(2024版)
可编辑修改精选全文完整版雅思小作文饼图常用词汇、万能句型、范文整理一、饼图常用词汇1.占比词汇-account for：占据-constitute：构成-make up：组成-represent：代表-comprise：包括-occupy：占有-consist of：由……组成2.描述数据词汇-significant：显著的-considerable：相当大的-minor：较小的-negligible：可以忽略的-substantial：大量的-slight：轻微的-moderate：适度的3.比较词汇1-similar：相似的-different：不同的-compare with：与……相比-in contrast to：与……形成对比-while：然而-whereas：然而-on the other hand：另一方面4.其他常用词汇-proportion：比例-segment：部分-percentage：百分比-distribution：分布-category：类别-sector：扇形二、饼图万能句型1.开头句型-The pie chart illustrates the proportion of categories in a specific field.-The pie chart provides information about the distribution of various segments.-The pie chart depicts the percentage of different categories in a given context.2.数据描述句型2-Category A accounts for a significant proportion of the total, reaching XX%.-XX%of the total is occupied by Category B.emiring it the largest segment.-Category C constitutes a considerable part, comprising XX%of the pie chart.-The proportion of Category D is relatively minor, only accounting for XX%.3.比较句型-In comparison with Category A, Category B has a higher percentage of XX%.-While Category A occupies XX%,Category B represents a larger proportion of XX%.-The distribution of Category C is similar to that of Category D, both comprising XX%.-In contrast to Category A, the percentage of Category B is significantly lower, at XX%.4.总结句型-Overall, the pie chart reveals a clear distribution of categories in the given field.-In summary, the majority of the pie chart is occupied by Category A, followed by Category B.-It can be concluded that Category C and Category D play minor roles in the overall distribution.3三、实战演练题目：The pie chart below shows the main reasons for traffic accidents in a particular area. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.答案：The pie chart illustrates the main reasons for traffic accidents in a specific area. Upon analysis, several key points can be identified.First and foremost, the largest proportion of traffic accidents is caused by driver error, accounting for 45%of the total. This is followed by poor weather conditions, which constitute 25%of the accidents. Vehicle defects and road conditions each occupy 10%of the pie chart, while the remaining 10%is attributed to other factors.In comparison, driver error is the most significant factor, nearly doubling the percentage of poor weather conditions. Meanwhile, vehicle defects and road conditions share the same proportion, both comprising a minor part of the total.Overall, the pie chart reveals that driver error is the primary cause of traffic accidents in the given area, with poor weather conditions being the second4most common factor. Other factors, such as vehicle defects and road conditions, play relatively minor roles in the overall distribution.5。
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小作文整理TimeIn/around 1990From 2009 onwards/backwards 2009年以前/以后Over the ten-year period between…In the following+时间Since the early 1990sPrepsIncrease from 10 to 20Reach a peak at/of/with …Drop by…, a decrease of…雅思小作文模板句必备50句型A1.the table shows the changes in the number of...over the period from...to... 该表格描述了在...年之...年间...数量的变化。
2.the bar chart illustrates that... 该柱状图展示了...3.the graph provides some interesting data regarding...该图为我们提供了有关...有趣数据。
4.the diagram shows (that)... 该图向我们展示了...5.the pie graph depicts (that)....该圆形图揭示了...6.this is a cure graph which describes the trend of...这个曲线图描述了...的趋势。
7.the figures/statistics show (that)... 数据(字)表明...8.the tree diagram reveals how... 该树型图向我们揭示了如何...9.the data/statistics show (that)... 该数据(字)可以这样理解...10.the data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that... 这些数据资料令我们得出结论...11.as is shown/demonstrated/exhibited in the diagram/graph/chart/table...如图所示...12.according to the chart/figures... 根据这些表(数字)...13.as is shown in the table... 如表格所示...14.as can be seen from the diagram, great changes have taken place in...从图中可以看出，...发生了巨大变化。
15.from the table/chart/diagram/figure, we can see clearly that...or it is clear/apparent from the chart that... 从图表我们可以很清楚(明显)看到...16.this is a graph which illustrates... 这个图表向我们展示了...17.this table shows the changing proportion of a & b from...to... 该表格描述了...年到...年间a与b的比例关系。
18.the graph, presented in a pie chart, shows the general trend in... 该图以圆形图形式描述了...总的趋势。
19.this is a column chart showing... 这是个柱型图，描述了...20.as can be seen from the graph, the two curves show the fluctuation of... 如图所示，两条曲线描述了...的波动情况。
21.over the period from...to...the...remained level. 在...至...期间，...基本不变。
22.in the year between...and... 在...年到...期间...23.in the 3 years spanning from 1995 through 1998... 1995年至1998三年里...24.from then on/from this time onwards...从那时起...25.the number of...remained steady/stable from (month/year) to (month/year). ...月(年)至...月(年)...的数量基本不变。
26.the number sharply went up to... 数字急剧上升至...27.the percentage of...stayed the same between...and... ...至...期间...的比率维持不变。
28.the figures peaked at...in(month/year) ...的数目在...月(年)达到顶点，为...29.the percentage remained steady at... 比率维持在...30.the percentage of...is sightly larger/smaller than that of... ...的比例比...的比例略高(低)。
31.there is not a great deal of difference between...and... ...与...的区别不大。
32.the graphs show a threefold increase in the number of... 该图表表明...的数目增长了三倍。
33....decreased year by year while...increased steadily. ...逐年减少，而...逐步上升。
34.the situation reached a peak(a high point at) of[%]. ...的情况(局势)到达顶(高)点，为...百分点。
35.the figures/situation bottomed out in... 数字(情况)在...达到底部。
36.the figures reached the bottom/a low point/hit a trough. 数字(情况)达到底部(低谷)。
37.a is ...times as much/many as b. a是b的...倍。
38.a increased by... a增长了...39.a increased to... a增长到...40.high/low/great/small/ percentage. 比低高(低)41.there is an upward trend in the number of... ...数字呈上升趋势。
42.a considerable increase/decrease occurred from...to... ...到...发生急剧上升。
43.from...to...the rate of decrease slow down. 从...到...，下降速率减慢。
44.from this year on，there was a gradual decline reduction in the...,reaching a figure of... 从这年起，...逐渐下降至...45.be similar to... 与...相似46.be the same as... 与...相同47.there are a lot similarities/differences between...and... ...与...之间有许多相似(不同)之处48.a has something in common with b a于b有共同之处。
49.the difference between a and b lies in... a与b之间的差别在于...50...(year)witnessed/saw a sharp rise in... ...年...急剧上升。
雅思写作中同义词的运用要提高雅思作文的分数，靠复杂的句式和生僻词不是唯一的方法，我们可以采用同义词替换让文章显得更加活泼、有变化。
本文列举了36个同义词和短语的替换方法，希望大家可以熟记。
1 重要的：Key（关键）, crucial（关键）, +factor issue decision point importance, it is crucial that…critical, important,significant（意义重大,明显）, significant discovery, it is significant that 很明显……vital（必要）, indispensable（必不可少,不可或缺）, the vitamins that are vital for health, it is vital thatsubstantial（大量）,imperative（迫切的）2 损害：Damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair, undermine, jeopardize3 给与：Give, offer, render, impart, provide, supply, afford4 培养：：Develop, cultivate, foster5 优势：Advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength6 缺陷：Disadvantage, demerit, drawback, downside, weakness7 使迷惑：Puzzle, bewilder, perplex, baffle8 解决: Solve, deal with, cope with, handle, resolve, address, tackle9 认为：Think, believe, insist, maintain, assert, conclude, deem, hold, argue, be convinced, be firmly convinced, be fully convinced10 保护：Protect, conserve, preserve11 确保：Assure, ensure, guarantee, pledge12 有害的：Bad, baneful evil, harmful, detrimental13 要求：Request, demand, needs, requisition14 消除：Eliminate, clear, remove, clear up, take away, smooth away15 导致：Lead to, bring about, result in, cause, spark off, conduce to, procure, induce, generate16 因此：So, therefore, thus, hence, consequently, as a consequence, accordingly, as a result, because of this, as a result of this17 增长至：Grow to，rise to，increase to，go up to，climb to，ascend to，jump to，shoot to 18降低至：Dip to，fall to，decline to，decrease to，drop to，go down to，reduce to，slump to，descend to，sink to，slide to19保持稳定：Level out，do not change，remain stable，remain still，remain steady，be stable，maintain the same level，remain unchanged，be still，remain the same level，stay constant，keep at the same level，level off，stabilize，keep its stability，even out20 急剧地：Dramatically，drastically，sharply，hugely，enormously，steeply，substantially，considerably，significantly，markedly，surprisingly，strikingly，radically，remarkably，vastly，noticeably21平稳地：Steadily，smoothly，slightly，slowly，marginally，gradually，moderately，mildly22 宣称：Allege, assert, declare, claim23 发生：Happen, occur, take place24 原因：Reason, factor, cause25 发展：Development, advance, progress26 有益的：Useful, helpful, beneficial, profitable, rewarding，advantageous27 影响：Influence, impact, effect28 明显的：Clear, obvious, evident, self-evident, manifest, apparent, crystal-clear29 占：Comprise, take up, account for, constitute, consist of, make up, occupy, hold, compose30 与…相比：Compared with，compared to，in comparison with，in comparison to，by comparison with，by comparison to31 对比而言：By contrast，in contrast，on the other hand，on the contrary=，conversely32 展示：Show, reveal, illustrate, demonstrate, depict, present, represent, describe33 大约：Approximately，almost，about，around，nearly，roughly34 换言之：Namely，that is to say，in other words，to put it like this，to put it differently，to put it from another way，to put it from another angle.35 事实上：Practically，in practice，essentially，in essence，in reality，in effect，in fact，as a matter of fact，it is a fact that36 波动：Fluctuate，go ups and downs，display a fluctuation，demonstrate a fluctuation。