2017年-2019年上海市重点高中英语完形填空汇编(高考英语模拟含答案)
12010_2017年上海高考英语完形填空真题+答案
2017年上海高考英语真题2016年In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory Xis the idea that people instinctively（本能地） 51 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.In any case, despite so much evidence to the 52 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 53 , that their employees need constant supervision(监督，管理)if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be（impose sth on sb把…强加给某人）impose d from 54 without consultation（咨询）. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.Different cultures have different ways of 55 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to 56 to this process. This is management by the collective（集体的，共同的） opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 57 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 58 managers cannot.A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative（首创精神，主动权）, to make decisions on their own without 59 managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 60 the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering（减少员工层） in this way, a company may be 61 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea ofdelegation (委托) much further than has 62 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 63 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.Another trend is off-site（不在现场的） or 64 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 65 of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.51. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike52. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme53. A. vice versa B. for example C. however D.otherwise（反过来也是一样的）54. A. outside B. inside C. below D. above55. A. replacing B. assess ing C. managing D.encouraging（评价，估价）56. A. refer B. contribute C. object D.apply（~+to有助于）57. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression58. A. bossy B. experienced C. western D.male59. A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing60. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D.estimating61. A. honored B. left C. crowded D. compared62. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally（不够地，不够好地）63. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure(假定，承担)64. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D.on-the-scene65. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractiveness2015年If you studied pictures that ancient people left on rock walls and you tried to determine their meaning, you would not detect（探测，察觉）interest in romance among the artists. 51 , you would see plenty of animals with people running after them. Life for ancient people’s earned to center on（集中在） hunting and gathering wild foods for meals.In modern times, when food is available in grocery stores, finding love is more 52 in people’s lives. The53 is all around us. It is easy to prepare a list of modern stories having to do with love. An endless number of books and movies qualify as（作为…合适）love stories in popular culture.Researchers are studying whether love, a highly valued emotional state, can be 54. They ask, what is love? Toothpaste companies want us to think attraction is all about clean teeth, but clean teeth go only so far. Scientists wonder how much the brain gets involved. You have probably heard that opposites attract but that 55 attract, too.One thing is certain: The truth about love is not yet set in stone.(一层不变，板上钉钉)First ImpressionTo help determine the 56 of attraction, researchers paired 164 college classmates and had them talk for 3, 6 or 10 minutes so they could get a sense of each other’s individuality. Then students were asked to 57 what kind of relationship they were likely to build with their partners. After nine weeks, they reported what happened.As it turned out, their 58 judgments often held true. Students seemed to 59 at an early stage who would best fit into their lives.The 60 KnowsScientists have also turned to nonhumans to increase understanding of attraction. Many animals give off pheromones（信息激素）—natural chemicals that can be detected by, and then can produce a response in, other animals of the same species. Pheromones can signal that an animal is either ready to fight or is feeling 61 to partnerships. In contrast, humans do not seem to be as 62 as other animals at detecting such chemicals. Smell, however, does seem to play a part in human attraction. Although we may not be aware of chemicals like pheromones consciously, we give and receive loads of information through smell in every interaction with other people.Face ValueBeing fond of someone seems to have a number of factors, including seeing something we find attractive. Researchers had people judge faces for 63. The participants had 0.013 seconds to view each face, yet somehow they generally considered the images the same as people who had more time to study the same faces. The way we 64 attractiveness seem to be somewhat automatic.When shown an attractive face and then words with good or bad associations, people responded to 65 words faster after viewing an attractive face. Seeing something attractive seems to cause happy thinking.51. A. Instead B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Otherwise52. A. romantic B. stressful C. central D. beneficial53. A. priority B. proof C. possibility D. principle（原则，原理）54. A. tested B. imposed C. changed D. created55. A. appearances B. virtues C. similarities D. passions56. A. illustrations B. implication s C. ingredients D. intentions（暗示，含意）（配料，材料）57. A. predict B. investigate C. diagnose D. recall（判断）58. A. critical B. initial C. random D. mature（批评的，决定性的）59. A. memorize B. distinguish C. negotiate D. question（谈判，协商）60.A. NoseB. EyeC. He artD. Hand61. A. open B. alert C. resistant D. superior（警觉的，灵敏的）62. A. disappointed B. amazed C. confused D. gifted63. A. emotions B. attractiveness C. individuality D. signals64. A. enhance B. possess C. maintain D. assess65. A. familiar B. plain C. positive D. insulting（侮辱的）2014年Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films we've just watched or books we've just finished reading, but plain and simple __51__.Language is our greatest treasure as a species, and what do we __52__ do with it? We gossip. About others' behaviour and private lives, such as who's doing what with whom, who's in and who's out-and why; how to deal with difficult __53__ situations involving children, lovers, and colleagues.So why are we keen on gossiping? Are we just natural __54__, of bothtime and words? Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to（敢于面对）the really important issues of life? It's not the case according to Professor Robin Dunbar. In fact, in his latest book, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language, the psychologist says gossip is one of these really__55__issues.Dunbar __56__ the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage of social development in order to organize their manly hunting activities more effectively, or even to promote the exchange of poetic stories about their origins and the supernatural.（超自然的）Instead he suggests that language evolve d（进化） among women. We don't spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk, argues Dunbar—__57__, he goes on to say, language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip.Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the __58__ of the higher primates（灵长类动物）like monkeys. By means of groom ing（打扮，梳理毛发，新郎，马夫）--cleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or__59__ from outside it.As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar __60__ that at one time in our history we did much the same. Grouping together made sense because the bigger the group, the greater the __61__ it provided; on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others. Grooming helped to __62__ the pressure and calm everybody down.But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be __63__ to maintain its effectiveness. Clearly, a more __64__ kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal（有声的）grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groups by exchanging information over awider network of individuals than would be possible by one-to-one __65__ contact.51. A. claim B. description C. gossip D. language52.A. occasionally B. habitually C. independentlyD.originally（习惯地）（原本，起初，独创地）53. A. social B. political C. historical D. cultural54. A. admirers B. masters C. users D. wasters（挥霍者，废物）55. A. vital B. sensitive C. ideal D. difficult56.A. confirms B. rejects C. outline s D.broadens（概述）57.A. for instance B. in addition C. on the contrary D. asa result58.A. motivation B. appearance C. emotion D. behaviour59.A. attack B. contact C.inspection D. assistance（视察，检查）60.A. recalls B. denies C. concludes D. confesses61.A. prospect B. responsibility C. leadership D. protection62.A. measure B. show C. maintain D. ease（减轻，放松，安逸自在）63.A. saved B. extend ed C. consumed D. gained（扩展，提供）64.A. common B. efficient C. scientific D. Thoughtful65.A. indirect B. daily C. physical D. secret2013年Over the past few decades, more and more countries have opened up the markets, increasingly transforming the world economy into onefree-flowing global market. The question is：Is economic globalization 50 for all?According to the World Bank, one of its chief supporters, economic globalization has helped reduce 51 in a large number of developing countries. It quotes one study that shows increased wealth 52 to improved education and longer life in twenty-four developing countries as a result of integration (融合) of local economies into the world economy. Home to some three billion people, these twenty-four countries have seen incomes 53 at an average rate of five percent—compared to two percent in developed countries.Those who 54 globalization claim that economies in developing countries will benefit from new opportunities for small and home-based businesses. 55 , small farmers in Brazil who produce nuts that would originally have sold only in 56 open-air markets can now promote their goods worldwide by the Internet.Critics take a different view, believing that economic globalization is actually 57 the gap between the rich and poor. A study carried out by the U.N.-sponsored World Commission on the Social Dimension of2012年People on a college campus were more likely to give money to the March of Dimes if they were asked for a donation by a disabled woman in ariders in New York saw a man carrying a stick stumble（绊脚） and fallsometimes he did not. In this situation, the victim was more likely to2011年Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining (留住) customers. It sounds simple and achievable. But, 50 , words of wisdom are soon forgotten. Once companies have attracted customers they often 51 the second half of the story. In the excitement of beating off（击退）the competition, negotiating prices, securing（固定，使安全，获得） orders, and delivering the product, managers tend to become carried away.（冲昏…头脑,带走，冲走） They forget what they regard as the boring side of business— 52 that the customer remains a customer.53 to concentrate on retaining as well as attracting customers costs business huge amounts of money annually. It has been estimated that the average company loses between 10 and 30 per cent of its customers every years. In constantly （不断的，经常的）changing 54 , this is not surprising. What is surprising is the fact that few companies have any idea how many customers they have lost.Only now are organizations beginning to wake up to（意识到）those lost opportunities and calculate the 55 implication s.（暗示，牵连）Cutting down the number of customers a company loses can make a big 56 in its performance. Research in the US found that a five per cent decrease in the number of defecting(流失的) customers led to 57 increases of between 25 and 85 per cent.In the US, Domino’s Pizza estimates that a regular customer is worthmore than $5,000 over ten years. A customer who receives a poor quality product or service on their first visit and 58 never returns, is losing（使…失去，可接双宾语） the company thousands of dollars in 59 profits (more if you consider how many people they are likely to tell about their bad experience).The logic behind cultivating customer 60 is impossible to deny. “In practice most companies’ marketing effort is focused on getting customers, with little attention paid to 61 them”, says Adrian Payne of Cornfield University’ School of Management. “Research suggests that there is a close relationship between retaining customers and making profits. 62 customers tend to buy more, are predictable and usually cost less to service than new customers. Furthermore, they tend to be less price 63 , and may provide free word-of-mouth（口头的，口头传达的）advertising. Retaining customers also makes it 64 for competitors to enter a market or increase their share of a market.50.A. in particular B. in reality C. at least D.first of all51.A. emphasize B. doubt C. overlook D. believe（忽视，俯瞰）52.A. denying B. ensuring C. arguing D.proving（确保，保证）53.A. Moving B. Hoping C. Starting D.Failing54.A. markets B. tastes C. prices D. expenses55.A. culture B. social C. financial D. economical（经济的，节俭的）56.A. promise B. plan C. mistake D.difference57.A. cost B. opportunity C. profit D. budget58.A. as a result B. on the whole C. in conclusion D. on thecontrary59.A. huge B. potential C. extra D.reasonable60.A. beliefs B. loyalty C. habits D.interest61.A. alter ing B. understanding C. keeping D.attracting（局部轻微的改变）62.A. Assumed B. Respected C. Established D. Unexpected63.A. agreeable B. flexible C. friendly D.sensitive（可弯曲的，柔韧的，可变通的，灵活的）64.A. unfair B. difficult C. essential D.convenient2010年The first attempt of even the most talented artists, musicians, and writers is seldom a masterpiece, If you consider your drafts as dress rehearsals(彩排), or tryouts,（试用，预赛） revising will seem a natural part of the writing ___50___.What is the purpose of the dress rehearsals and the out-of-town preview s（试映，预告，预习） that many Broadway shows go through? The answer is adding, deleting, replacing, reordering, ___51___ revising. Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical Phantom of the Opera underwent（经历）such a process.When Lloyd Webber began writing in 1984, he had in mind a funny, exciting production. However, when Phantom opened in London in 1986, theaudience saw a moving psychological love story set to music.（被谱曲）The musical had___52___ several revisions due, in part, to problems with costuming and makeup (戏服和化妆). For instance,Lloyd Webber ___53___ some of the music because the Phantom's makeup prevented the actor from singing certain sounds.When you revise, you change aspects of your work in ___54___ to your evolving（进化的）purpose, or to include ___55___ ideas or newly discovered information.Revision is not just an afterthought（事后想法） that gets only as much time as you have at the end of an assignment. ___56___, it is a major stage of the writing process, and writers revise every step of the way. Even your decision to ___57___. topics while prewriting is a type of revising. However. don't make the mistake of skipping the revision stage that follows ___58___. Always make time to become your own ___59___and view your dress rehearsal, so to speak. Reviewing your work in this way can give you ___60___ new ideas.Revising involves ___61___ the effectiveness and appropriateness of all aspects of your writing, making your purpose more clearly, and refocusing or developing the facts and ideas you present. When you revise, ask yourself the following questions, keeping in mind the audience for whom you are writing: Is my main idea or purpose ___62___ throughout my draft? Do I ever lose sight of my purpose? Have I given my readers all of the ___63___ that is, facts, opinions, inference s（推理，推断） --- that they need in order to understand my main idea? Finally, have I included too many ___64___ details that may confuse readers?50. A. technique B. style C. process D. career51. A. in particular B. as a result C. for example D. in other words52. A. undergone B. skipped C. rejected D.replaced53. A. rewrote B. release d C. recorded D. reserved（释放、赦免、发行）（保留、预订）54. A. addition B. response C. opposition D. contrast（反对）55. A. fixed B. ambitious C. familiar D. fresh56. A. However B. Moreover C. Instead D. Therefore57. A. discuss B. switch C. exhaust D. cover（开关，转换）（使筋疲力尽，耗尽）58. A. drafting B. rearranging C. performing D. training59. A. director B. master C. audience D. visitor60. A. personal B. valuable C. basic D. delicate(纤细的，精美的，微妙的)61. A. mixing B. weakening C. maintaining D. assessing62. A. amazing B. bright C. unique D. clear63. A. angles B. evidence C. information D. hint s（暗示）64. A. unnecessary B. uninteresting C. concrete D. final（混凝土，具体的）。
专题18 完形填空记叙文-三年(2017-2019)高考真题英语分项汇编(带解析)
三年（2017-2019）高考真题英语分项汇编专题18 完形填空记叙文一、2019年高考真题1. 【2019·全国卷II】阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It’s about 250 miles from the hills of west-central lowa to Ehlers’ home in Minnesota. During the long trip home, following a weekend of hunting. Ehlers ___41___about the small dog he had seen ___42___ alongside the road. He had___43___ to coax(哄)the dog to him but, frightened, it had ___44___.Back home, Ehlers was troubled by that ___45___ dog. So, four days later, he called his friend Greg, and the two drove ___46___. After a long and careful ___47___. Greg saw, across a field, the dog moving ___48___ away. Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him. Nervousness and fear were replaced with ___49___. It just startedlicking(舔)Ehl ers’ face.A local farmer told them the dog sounded like one ___50___ as lost in the local paper. The ad had a ___51___ number for a town in southern Michigan. Ehlers ___52___ the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them he had ___53___ their dog.Jeff had ___54___ in lowa before Thanksgiving with his dog, Rosie, but the gun shots had scared the dog off. Jeff searched ___55___ for Rosie in the next four days.Ehlers returned to Minnesotan, and then drove 100 miles to Minneapolis to put Rosie on a flight to Mich igan. “It’s good to know there’s still someone out there who ___56___ enough to go to that kind of ___57___,”says Lisa of Ehlers’ rescue ___58___.I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as ___59___ to it as I am to my dogs,” says Ehlers. “If it had been my dog, I’d hope that somebody would be ___60___ to go that extra mile.”41. A. read B. forgot C. thought D. heard42. A. read B. trembling C. eating D. sleeping43. A. tried B. agreed C. promised D. regretted44. A. calmed down B. stood up C. rolled over D. run off45. A. injured B. stolen C. lost D. rescued46. A. home B. past C. back D. on47. A. preparation B. explanation C. test D. search48. A. cautiously B. casually C. skillfully D. angrily49. A. surprise B. joy C. hesitation D. anxiety50. A. predicted B. advertised C. believed D. recorded51. A. house B. phone C. street D. car52. A. called B. copied C. counted D. remembered53. A. fed B. adopted C. found D. cured54. A. hunted B. skied C. lived D. worked55. A. on purpose B. on time C. in turn D. in vain56. A. cares B. sees C. suffers D. learns57. A. place B. trouble C. waste D. extreme58. A. service B. plan C. effort D. team59. A. equal B. allergic C. grateful D. close60. A. suitable B. proud C. wise D. wiling【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。
上海市各区2019年高三英语二模汇编----完型填空-老师版(已经校对)
III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Throughout history, many lives have been lost at the hands of severe weather. Meteorologists (气象学家) and scientists alike are always investigating new ways to increase the warning time for storms, with the hope of reducing the __41__ of lives. In the past few decades, local weather radar advancements have been made, which allow for better accuracy in __42__ the paths of storms.Meteorologists and scientists have been able to successfully track severe thunderstorms and possible tornadoes by using an advanced tracking system called NEXRAD (Next-Generation Radar). NEXRAD is a tracking network __43__ 158 Doppler weather radars. And during a storm this high-resolution computerized __44__ takes readings on the amount of precipitation (降水) in the air, the movements in the clouds, and the wind speeds.These __45__ are bounced back to a local weather computer, and a colorful image appears on the screen, giving meteorologists a clear picture of what kind of weather is on the horizon. This final image is what you see when the meteorologist breaks in with severe weather reports and warnings. __46__, on your television screen you will see a computer animated image of the approaching storm.If the storm is severe enough, then the National Weather Service (NWS) will __47__ severe weather reports of severe thunderstorm warnings for your area. __48__, the storm captured on the radar will have produced strong readable winds, detectable lightning, and some hail(冰雹). Paying attention to the weather map is __49__ when severe weather is around.On the television screen you will see several colors on the precipitation map, __50__ from blue (the lightest) to black (the heaviest). If the colors for your __51__ area are yellow, take caution. If the colors range between orange and red, take cover immediately, as damaging winds and dangerous lightning have been reported.When local weather radar in Atlanta, Georgia reported high winds,__52__ wind patterns and large hail earlier this year, the National Weather Service issued a tornado __53__. Meteorologistsin the area used the collected data to predict what path the storm would take, __54__ which areas needed to be warned.Thanks to this technology, most residents received the severe weather reports early enough to seek __55__ before the storm hit. Paying attention to your local weather source during severe weather plays a vital role in your safety.41.A. loss B. increase C. protection D. value42.A. changing B. controlling C. predicting D. guiding43.A. faced with B. exposed to C. involved in D. made up of44.A. structure B. system C. mode D. style45.A. figures B. data C. readings D. statistics46. A. Most likely B. Most evidently C. Most interestingly D. Most importantly47.A. decide B. estimate C. handle D. issue48.A. By the way B. In that case C. To some extent D. On the contrary49.A. vital B. reasonable C. normal D. available50.A. expanding B. spreading C. ranging D. extending51.A. proper B. specific C. typical D. regular52.A. straight B. unique C. general D. circular53.A. process B. threat C. warning D. sign54.A. indicating B. recognizing C. revealing D. recommending55.A. rescue B. residence C. support D. shelterKeys:41-45: ACDBC 46-50: ADBAC 51-55: BDCADIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Being Bigger isn’t Necessarily Considered BetterThe firm, which famously started life in 1939, has now declared a new age: that of smaller start-up. By 2014, when Ms Whitman announced HP’s decision to separate its computer and printer business from its corporate hardware and services operations, the company had grown into a clumsy __41__. Its fortunes started to __42__ with a series of expensive and much criticized purchases. By 2012 it had lost its position as the world’s leading supplier of PCs to Lenovo. The dramatic __43__ was aimed at helping the firm adapt to the new age of mobile and online computing, responding to shareholder demands for more aggressive __44__.“I would go from laser jet printing to our big enterprise services contracts where we were running the back end of IT for many big companies and organizations. These two things are not like each other. So the ability to focus and engage with customers on a(n) __45__ set of objectives and business outcomes... I can already see the difference.” Ms Whitmann, who now heads the new spin-off, Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE) selling servers and services, says the change has already __46__ her performance. “One big change is it __47__ each of the divisions to pursue the strategy that is right for them. __48__ , there is ‘no way’ printer and PC company HP Inc’s decision last year to buy Samsung’s printing business for $1bn would have happened when it was part of the larger firm. So it’s that ability to drive your own program, not __49__ by other businesses that don’t have the same characteristics.” Ms Whitman is so convinced her strategy is working that she’s __50__ HPE further, spinning off both its business services division and its software business into separate companies last year.Her assumption that bigger doesn’t always mea n better seems __51__. After all, a larger company should find it easier to dominate the market it operates in. But the rapid rise of much smaller start-ups, competing and often overtaking these established powerful companies means the accepted wisdom that __52__ equals success is being challenged. __53__ in 2014, eBay carved PayPal, the electronic payments arm it bought in 2001, off from the main online sale business.Box, a cloud storage company, is another case in point. Founder Aaron Levie says “Whether Uber, Airbnb, those same lessons __54__, which is if you can build something that’s cheaper, faster and more scalable and delivers a far better customer experience than what the traditional sellers were able to do, then you can be extremely __55__.”41. A. appearance B. construction C. giant D. possession42. A. decline B. increase C. stay D. vary43. A. adventure B. combination C. development D. split44. A. behavior B. growth C. markets D. policies45. A. ambitious B. complex C. narrow D. overall46. A. delivered B. improved C. measured D. standardized47. A. allows B. employs C. reminds D. threatens48. A. All in all B. For example C. On the contrary D. What’s more49. A. held back B. kept on C. looked over D. taken down50. A. dissolved B. expanded C. operated D. shrunk51. A. fundamental B. reasonable C. surprising D. widespread52. A. diligence B. discipline C. profit D. size53. A. Comparatively B. Generally C. Similarly D. Unexpectedly54. A. apply B. fail C. hide D. increase55. A. friendly B. miserable C. motivated D. troublesomeKeys:41-45 CADBC 46-50 BABAD 51-55 CDCADⅢ. Reading comprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Have We Reached Peak Trade?Globalization is usually defined as the free movement of people, goods and capital. It’s been the most important __41__ force of modernity. Until the financial crisis of 2008, global trade grew twice as fast as the global economy itself. __42__, thanks to both economics and politics, globalization as we have known it is developing fast.The question is: Have we reached peak trade? If you think of it in terms of the flow of digital data and ideas, no—it’s actually __43__. Indeed, the cross-border flow of digital data—e-commerce, web searches, online video, machine-to-machine interactions—has grown 45 times larger since 2005 and is __44__ to grow much faster than the global economy over the next few years.There’s no doubt globalization has increased wealth at both global and national levels. But free trade can also widen the __45__ gap within countries, in part by creating concentrated groups of economic losers. Free trade has made goods and services cheaper for Americans—think of all the inexpensive Chinese-made goods at Walmart—but it hasn’t always __46__ their job prospects. From 1990 to 2008, the areas most __47__ to foreign competition saw almost no net new jobs created. That’s one reason the new generation of Americans is on track to be _-48__ than their parents.The gains of free trade do not always __49__ the losses. This realization that the tide of __50__ doesn’t raise all boats has fed into the anti-free trade movement. And companies themselves are __51__ globalization.Nevertheless, there is one reason to be __52__ about the future of globalization—at least, the new information-based kind. McKinsey data estimate that the companies responsible for the jump in flows of digital goods, services and information will include a much higher proportion of small businesses than in the past. An estimated 86% of tech-based startups surveyed by McKinsey now do some cross-border business-- __53__ before the arrival of the Internet, when globalization was dominated by super powers. That means that more of the wealth generated by globalization couldflow down to the 80% of the population that hasn’t __54__ as much as it should have.If those individuals feel they are being empowered by open borders and freer trade, it could help swing the political pendulum（钟摆）back toward globalization in some form. Despite its laws, it has been an economic force that has lifted more people out of __55__ than anything else the world has ever known.41. A. political B. cultural C. economic D. natural42. A. Otherwise B. Hence C. Moreover D. Yet43. A. depressing B. increasing C. approving D. operating44. A. projected B. tracked C. signaled D. needed45. A. price B. welfare C. pension D. wealth46. A. ruined B. helped C. foreseen D. reversed47. A. resistant B. suited C. exposed D. inaccessible48. A. happier B. healthier C. wealthier D. poorer49. A. outweigh B. balance C. suffer D. substitute50. A. materialism B. modernization C. globalization D. consumption51. A. withdrawing from B. counting on C. profiting from D. insisting on52. A. confused B. concerned C. optimistic D. curious53. A. adaptable B. accessible C. affordable D. impossible54. A. striven B. consumed C. benefited D. digested55. A. fear B. poverty C. frustration D. embarrassment Keys:41-45 C D B A D 46-50 B C D A C 51-55 A C D C BIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Ask Siri if she’s a woman. Go ahead; try it. She’ll tell you she’s ___41___. “Like cacti. And certain species of fish,” she might say. So is Amazon’s Alexa, Microsoft’s Cortana, Samsung’s S Voice, and Google Now. But, man, do they ever sound a lot like women. 42 , we think of them as ladies too. (In Old Norse, Siri transla tes to “a beautiful woman who leads you to victory.”) We assign female pronouns to them, and, in turn, they fold feminine turns of phrase into their robotic and occasionally inane answers to our requests.If we prize gender diversity in other areas of daily life, why does our tech sound so_____43____? The biggest reason for the female phone fixation rests in social science. “Research indicates there’s likely to be greater acceptance of female____44_____,” says Karl MacDorman, an associate professor at Indiana University who specializes in human-computer interaction. MacDorman and his team played clips of male and female voices to people of both genders, then asked them to identify which they _____45_____. The researchers also measured the way participants responded to the voices. In a 2011 paper, they reported that both women and men said female voices came across as warmer. ____46_____, women even showed a subconscious preference for responding to females; men remained subconsciously neutral.Why the_____47____? Stanford University communications professor Clifford Nass, who coauthored the field’s seminal book,Wired for Speech, wrote that people tend to perceive female voices as helping them solve their problems by themselves, while they view male voices as authority figures who tell them the answers to their problems. We want ____48_____ to help us, but we also want to be the boss of it, so we are more likely to opt for a female interface.This tendency suggests that companies will make a better impression on a _____49____ group of customers with a woman’s voice. But not just any voice. It has to _____50_____ a brand’s personality. For help with that, companies often turn to Greg Pal, vice president of marketing, strategy, and business development at Nuance Communications, which licenses its ____51_____ of more than 100 voices. Pal insists that some brands choose male speakers. He turned on his iPhone and pulled up the Domino’s Pizza app, which has an assistant,Dom. He sounded like my high school English teacher—educated and helpful but not_____52_____. That’s about right for a brand attempting to ____53_____ guys ordering pies before the big game.As voice technology improves, though, designers say diversity will too. Many devices already let you ____54____ a voice interface. Homer Simpson can tell you where to take a left on your GPS device. And Siri can become a sir, if you take the time to ___55_____. Want to know how to do it? Ask her. She’ll tell you in her uniquely warm, helpful—and female—tone.41. A. robotic B. high-tech C. genderless D. creative42. A. Culturally B. Obviously C. Grammatically D. Undoubtedly43. A. female B. ridiculous C. professional D. reasonable44. A. charm B. researchers C. speech D. participants45. A. accepted B. misunderstood C. studied D. preferred46. A. In practice B. On the contrary C. By this means D. At first47. A. neutrality B. prejudice C. authority D. conscience48. A. interaction B. technology C. personality D. society49. A. more sociable B. more talented C. broader D. wealthier50. A. improve B. develop C. admire D. suit51. A. market B. business C. research D. library52. A. strange B. bossy C. reliable D. unique53. A. appeal to B. look into C. meet with D. run after54. A. build B. tailor C. play D. improve55. A. repeat B. assist C. reprogram D. communicateKeys:41-45 CAACD 46-50 ABBCD 51-55 DBABCIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The Paris agreement to fight climate change became international law Friday. The landmark deal aims to deal with global warming among growing (41)______ that the world is becoming hotter even faster than scientists expected.So far, 96 countries, accounting for just over two-thirds of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions, have formally joined the agreement, which (42)______ to limit global warming this century to 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit) above what it was before machines and (43)______ appeared in the late 1700s. The United States (44) ______ entered into the agreement in September, and more countries are expected to come aboard in the coming weeks and months.United Nations Secretary General Ban-Ki Moon celebrated the event, talking with nongovernmental groups at U.N. headquarters in New York to hear their concerns and (45)______ for the future.“This is an emotional moment for me. It is a credit to all of you. And it is (46)______ for the world,” Ban said in his opening remarks.He praised the (47)______ for getting hundreds of millions of people to back fighting climate change but (48)______ the outcome remained uncertain.“We are still in a race (49)______ time. We need to move on to a low-emission and climate-sustainable future,” Ban added.Scientists praised the speed at which the agreement, signed by 192 parties last December in Paris, has come into force, saying it shows a new commitment by the international community to (50)_____ a problem that is melting polar ice caps, sending sea levels (51)______and transforming vast areas into desert.“(52)______ the real effect of the agreement after it goes into effect is still uncertain, it is a simple sign that the international society is much more open to alter economic and political behavior to control climate change, which is (53)______ positive,” said Feng Qi, executive director of the School of Environmental and Sustainability Sciences at Kean University in New Jersey.Scientists and (54)______ say the agreement is the first step of a much longer and complicated process of reducing the use of fossil fuels, which currently (55) ______ the majority of the planet’s energy needs and also are the primary drivers of global warming.41. A. applicants B. fears C. observations D. comments42. A. seeks B. allows C. assumes D. seizes43. A. institutions B. laboratories C. committees D. factories44. A. formally B. instantly C. particularly D. generally45. A. prejudices B. approaches C. visions D. concepts46. A. spiritual B. historic C. appropriate D. valueless47. A. agreements B. groups C. headquarters D. emissions48. A. apologized B. denied C. warned D. overlooked49. A. against B. on C. for D. without50. A. avoid B. find C. address D. ignore51. A. falling B. rising C. disappearing D. remaining52. A. Until B. Since C. If D. While53. A. under no circumstances B. on the contraryC. in no caseD. by all means54. A. officers B. policymakers C. employers D. technicians55. A. remove B. preserve C. supply D. restoreKeys:41-45 BADAC 46-50 BBCAC 51-55 BDDBCⅢ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.To Apologize or Not to ApologizeWhy difficult?When we do wrong to someone we know, even not 41 , we are generally expected to apologize so as to improve the situation. But when we’re acting as leaders, the circumstances are42 . The act of apology is carried out not merely at the level of the43 but also at the level of the institution. It is a performance in which every word or expression 44 ,as they become part of the public record. Refusing to apologize can be smart, or it can be stupid. So, readiness to apologize can be seen as a sign of strong character or as a sign of weakness.Why now?The question of whether leaders should apologize publicly has never been more 45 . During the last decade or so, the United States in particular has developed an apology culture—apologies of all kinds and for all sorts of wrongdoings are made far more 46than before. More newspaper writers have written about the growing importance of 47 apologies. Meanwhile, more and more articles, advice columns, and radio and television programs have similarly dealt with the subject of 48 apologies. Although they are not carried out in the public place, we can’t neglect the importance of this performance.Why 49 ?Why do we apologize? Why do we ever put ourselves in situations likely to be difficult, embarrassing, and even risky? Leaders who apologize publicly could be an easy target for50 . They are expected to appear strong and capable. And whenever they make public statements of any kind, their individual and institutional reputations are in danger. Clearly, then, leaders should not apologize often. For a leader to express apology, there needs to be a strong 51 . Leaders will publicly apologize if and when they think the costs of doing so are lower than the costs of not doing so.Why refuse?Why is it that leaders so often try every means to 52 apologies, even when a publicapology seems to be in order? Their reasons can be individual or institutional. Because leaders are public figures, their apologies are likely to be personally uncomfortable and even 53risky. Apologies can be signals for admitting mistakes and mistakes can be indication of job insecurity. Leaders may also be afraid that 54 of a mistake will damage or destroy the organization for which they are responsible. There can be good reasons for hanging tough (硬撑) in tough situations, as we shall see, but it is a high-risk 55 .41. A. immediately B. intentionally C. occasionally D. accidentally42. A. simple B. ridiculous C. abnormal D. different43. A. individual B. company C. family D. society44. A. conflicts B. matters C. appeals D. deceives45. A. urgent B. possible C. necessary D. simple46. A. interestedly B. patiently C. frequently D. hopefully47. A. faithful B. trusty C. immediate D. public48. A. sincere B. acceptable C. private D. positive49. A. bother B. reduce C. regret D. ignore50. A. promotion B. criticism C. appreciation D. identification51. A. personality B. will C. reason D. desire52. A. attempt B. involve C. commit D. avoid53. A. financially B. professionally C. academically D. physically54. A. avoidance B. admission C. involvement D. elimination55. A. fulfillment B. statement C. occupation D. strategy\Keys:41-45 .BDABA 46-50 . CDCAB 51-55. CDBBDIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or; phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Robots’ IntelligenceAs Artificial Intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly complicated, there are growing concerns that robots could become a threat. This danger can be 41 , according to computer science professor Stuart Russell if we figure out how to turn human 42 into a programmable code.Russell argues that as robots take on more complicated tasks, it’s n ecessary to translate our morals into AI language. 43 , if a robot does chores around the house, you wouldn’t want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the44 children. “You would want that robot 45 with a good set of valu es,” said Russell.Some robots are already programmed with basic human values. For example, mobile robots have been programmed to keep a46 distance from humans. Obviously there are cultural differences, but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space, you wouldn’t think that’s the kind of thing a 47 brought-up person would do.It will be possible to48 more complicated moral machines, if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules. Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior. They are dangerous only if programmers are 49 .The biggest 50 with robots going against human values is that human beings fail to do sufficient testing and they’ve produced a system that will 51 some kind of taboo(禁忌). One simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct course of action with a human when presented with a(n) 52 situation.If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave, it has the opportunity to stop, send out beeps, and ask for 53 from a human. If we humans aren’t quite sure about a decision, we go and ask somebody else.The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe in 54 , and how to create a set of ethical（伦理的）rules. But if we 55 an answer, robots could be good for humanity.41. A. avoided B. revised C. increased D. rejected42. A. personalities B. behaviors C. intentions D. values43. A. Instead B. For example C. After all D. As a result44. A. special B. demanding C. bright D. starving45. A. preloaded B. downloaded C. uploaded D. upgraded46. A. comfortable B. private C. sufficient D. noticeable47. A. literarily B. independently C. properly D. naturally48. A. manufacture B. install C. introduce D. create49. A. careless B. senseless C. powerless D. thoughtless50. A. doubt B. threat C. concern D. prospect51. A. subject B. prohibit C. observe D. break52. A. similar B. familiar C. unusual D. ideal53. A. permission B. guidance C. feedback D. comment54. A. principle B. moral C. standard D. technology55. A. look into B. pick out C. turn to D. come up withKeys:41-45 ADBDA 46-50 ACDAC 51-55 DCBBDIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The announcement came the day before Thanksgiving, but there was nothing in it to be __41__ for: An experimental Alzheimer’s (老年痴呆症) drug many thought would slow the disease’s steady cognitive decline had failed to make a __42__ difference in a massive trial of people with early signs of the illness.Marty Reiswig took the news __43__ .“I was just sad,” he says. “I was really hopeful that it would be life-changing for us.” He doesn’t have Alzheimer’s disease, but he is part of a large __44__ family that’s been bothered by Alzheimer’s for generations. His family has a genetic mutation (变异) that means its carriers will develop Alzheimer’s at a much __45 __ age, usually 30 years earlier than those without the mutation. But there’s also a chance his monthly infusions (输液) include a drug that could __46__ him, his family members and others like them from losing loved ones to Alzheimer’s.The key is early interference, before symptoms are __47__ and brain damage is too extensive. “That’s how you stop the disease,” says Rud y Tanzi, director of the Genetics and Aging Research Unit at Massachusetts General Hospital. “You don’t wait.” The attempt to prevent Alzheimer’s rather than treating it is the most exciting new development in decades. Traditionally, drug companies have __48__ their therapies on patients who already have memory loss, trouble thinking and other signs of dementia (痴呆). It’s been a __49__method. More than 99 percent of all Alzheimer’s drugs have failed tests in the clinic, and the few that have made it to the market only improve some __50__. Not a single medicine has been shown to slow the continuous progression of the disease.__51__, with this new approach, even partial success —an appreciable slowing of brain degeneration —could have a big impact, says Dr. Reisa Sperling, who directs the Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment at Boston’s Brigham and Women’s Hospital. If a drug therapy can __52__ the attack of dementia by five or ten years, she says, “many more people would die of ballroom dancing __53__ in nursing homes.”Developing drugs to prevent Alzheimer’s disease could be a discovery of Nobel proportions. There is no __54__ that the current trials will succeed, but researchers believe they are gettingclose to __55__ what had, until recently, seemed to be on e of medical research’s toughest challenges.41. A. important B. thankful C. hateful D. precious42. A. significant B. racial C. slight D. psychological43. A. happily B. peacefully C. hardly D. hard44. A. extended B. nuclear C. expanding D. single45. A. maturer B. younger C. older D. elder46. A. save B. cure C. stop D. avoid47. A. vague B. tremendous C. unpleasant D. evident48. A. reported B. tested C. established D. invented49. A. losing B. decreasing C. winning D. dropping50. A. symbol B. sign C. symptom D. signal51. A. Additionally B. Therefore C. Furthermore D. However52. A. push on B. push around C. push back D. push forward53. A. instead of B. in the end C. in all D. except for54. A. doubt B. guarantee C. denying D. possibility55. A. meeting B. facing C. accepting D. solving[来源学_科Keys:41-45 BADAB 46-50 CDBAC 51-55 DCABDIII. Reading Comprehension。
2017年-2019年上海市重点高中英语优质完形填空汇编系列
上海初高中英语教学(SHCG-English)优质完形填空汇编01(共9篇)第 1 页共10 页2017.11.28七校英语In interviews, famous people often say that the key to becoming both happy and successful is toBut _____41_____ a skill, even one that you deeply love, calls for plenty of drills. Any challenging activity —from computer programming to playing a musical instrument to athletics —requires _____42_____ practice. A perfect golf swing or faultless butterfly stroke (蝶泳) takes countless hours of practice and repetitions to perfect.Anyone who wants to have a good command a skill must go through the _____43_____ of practice, critical feedback, polish, and increasing improvement again, again, and again. Some people seem able to concentrate on practicing an activity like this for years and take _____44_____ in their gradual improvement. Yet others find this kind of focused, time-intensive work to be _____45_____ or boring. Why?The _____46_____ may depend on the ability to enter into a state of “flow,” the feeling of being completely involved in what you are doing. Flow states can happen in the course of any activity, and they are most common when a task has definite goals and where the individual is able to _____47_____ their performance to clear and immediate feedback.Csikszentmihalyi suggested that those who most _____48_____ entered into flow states had an “autotelic personality”—a tendency to seek out challenges and get into a state of flow. While those without such a personality see difficulties, autotelic individuals see opportunities to build skills and they have low levels of self-centeredness. Such people, with their ability to focus on tasks rather than rewards have a great _____49_____ over others in developing their innate (天生的) abilities. But how can we get into a flow state for an activity so that we enjoy both the process of improving skills and the _____50_____ of being a master?_____51_____ for those of us who don’t necessarily possess an autotelic personality, there is evidence that flowstates can be _____52_____ by environmental factors. For instance, in Montessori schools, students do not study by following direct instruction. _____53_____, they are encouraged to develop and pursue personal interests. Competition is _____54_____ and grading is not emphasized. Students are grouped together according to shared interests, rather than separated by ability.While there isn’t yet a pill that can turn dull practice into an exciting activity for anyone, it is comforti ng that weseem to be able to advance into flow states. By giving ourselves unstructured, open-ended time, minimum distractions, and a task set at a moderate level of _____55_____, we may be able to love what we ’re doing while we put in the hardwork practicing the things we love doing. 41. A. functioning B. stimulating C. enriching D. mastering 42. A. fixedB. concentratedC. paralleledD. instructed 43. A. transformation B. substitute C. cycle D. condition 44. A. pleasure B. pride C. an interest D. part 45. A. frustrating B. rewarding C. ignorant C. poisonous 46. A. objection B. standard C. principle D. distinction 47. A. adjust B. devote C. apply D. expose 48. A. deliberately B. readily C. hesitantly D. flexibly 49. A. feature B. control C. advantage D. sympathy 50. A. reward B. jealousy C. security D. contribution 51. A. Unexpectedly B. Fortunately C. Typically D. Obviously 52. A. influenced B. extended C. cultivated D. bridged 53. A. Otherwise B. Therefore C. Furthermore D. Instead 54. A. advocated B. suspended C. discouraged D. observed 55. A. priority B. difficultyC. curiosityD. identity原文出处：/blog/how-to-learn-to-love-to-practice 41-55 DBCAADABCABCDCB。
三年高考2017_2019高考英语真题分项汇编专题20完形填空说明文议论文含解析
三年（2017-2019）高考真题英语分项汇编专题20 完形填空说明文、议论文一、2019年高考真题（无）二、2018年高考真题（无）三、2017年高考真题（无）2016年高考题【2016·上海】Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 51 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.In any case, despite so much evidence to the 52 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 53 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 54 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.Different cultures have different ways of 55 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to 56 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 57 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 58 managers cannot.A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 59 managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 60 the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 61 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managersand employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 62 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 63 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.Another trend is off-site or 64 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 65 of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.51. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike52. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme53. A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise54. A. outside B. inside C. below D. above55. A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging56. A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply57. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression58. A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male59. A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing60. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating61. A. honored B. left C. crowded D. compared62. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally63. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure64. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D. on-the-scene65. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractiveness【文章大意】本文是说明文，作者在第一段中提出道格拉斯·麦克雷戈所提出的人性假设理论中的X理论和Y理论，并介绍了现代社会中一种新型管理理论：授权管理及其作用。
2017上海英语高考各区二模完型汇编及答案
上海二模各区完型汇编2017宝山区TraditionArt SurvivingNative American Indians expressed themselves through their artwork, which is carved ontopoles. Many people hold the belief (21) __________all Native American Indian totem（图腾）totem poles, but this is far from the truth . Carving totem poles was a carve的tribes （部落）tradition among many tribes , especially those that lived along the Pacific coast(22)____________forest grew. However , those Native American Indians who lived in the south Indians , but (23)_________(few) trees to carve than Pacific tribes.west and the plains , andThe height of totem poles can vary considerably . Long ago totem poles (24)___________(find) to stand around 12m tall . Today , Native American Indian artists continue tocare trees, but some totem poles are short and are used in homes as decoration .(25)_____________is not surprising that a genuine pole will cost more than $1500 per meter because traditionally carved totem involve a great deal of work , craftsmanship and time to produce.The raising of a totem pole is an important celebration among the India tribe . A hole is dugfor the pole to stand in . The pole is carried to the site in a ceremony which other hundreds ofpeople attend. Ropes are used (26)__________(raise) the pole into place. Singing and dancing to drums accompanies the pole raising . Often poles are raised in this way (27) ___________thecarving begins . Carvers do their jobs then on the site.Many people believe that totem poles are religious symbols , but this idea is false. Instead of(28) __________(act) as religious symbols , carvings represent the tribal nation and convey thetribes' history . The story of a totem pole is frequently passed down from generation to generation . Having the story documented this way helps keep this tradition (29) __________(recognize) inour history . These days , many totem poles no longer exist (30) _______ __________ decay androt. However , there are still some tribes that continue to practice this ancient are form , and these totem poles are still being enjoyed by collections of tribal art.II. Grammar and Vocabulary25. It 24. were found 22. where 23. fewer 21. that30. because of29. recognized 26. to raise 27. before 28. acting崇明区Delivering Food by DroneA Singapore restaurant plans to use drones (遥控飞机) to transport food and drinks from the kitchen to a wait station near customers' tables.Infinium Robotics, the Singapore company that's developing the drones for restaurant chain Timbre, has spent the past two weeks testing the technology at the restaurant before it opens each night21 business and hopes to have it in place by the end of the year.But how does the drone know where to hover (盘旋)? What if someone bumps into the drone or is standing in its way? “There's no chance at all 22 it will hit anything,”says Infinium Robotics chief executive Junyang Woon.The drones automatically charge while 23 (wait) in the kitchen. 24 the chef putsan order on the drone, he hits a button on a keypad and the drone automatically flies to one of two wait stations. Sense-and-avoid technology 25 (build) into the drone won't allow it to land at the wait station if anything is in its way. The drones are equipped with sonar (声纳系统) and an infrared sensor (红外线传感器), too.A waiter then removes the food or drink from the drone and hits a button 26 sends itback to the kitchen. The drones, weighing a little over five pounds, 27 carry just over four pounds of food. Infinium Robotics is working on a model that will carry twice as 28 (much) food.“Its job is to help the waiters to reduce some of their boring tasks, ”Woon said. “If they let the robots 29 (do) the job, they can concentrate on interacting with customers to bring about higher customer satisfaction and dining experience.”Since it drew recent media attention, Woon 30 (hear) from resorts and restaurants in 10countries, including the United States.II. Grammar and Vocabulary（共20分。
2019届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编--完型填空--老师版(带答案已校对珍藏版)
III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The most important day I remember in all my life is the one on which my teacher, Anne Mansfield Sullivan, came to me. I am filled with wonder when I consider the immeasurable contrasts between the two lives which it connects. It was the third of March, 1887, three months before I was seven years old.On the afternoon of that eventful day, I stood on the porch, dumb, 41 . I guessed vaguely from my mother's signs and from the hurrying to and fro in the house that something unusual was about to happen, so I went to the door and waited on the steps. The afternoon sun penetrated the mass of honeysuckle that covered the porch, and fell on my upturned face. My fingers lingered almost 42 on the familiar leaves and blossoms which had just ____43____ to greet the sweet southern spring. I did not know what the future held of ____44____or surprise for me. Anger and bitterness had preyed upon me continually for weeks and a deep languor (倦怠) had ____45____ this passionate struggle.Have you ever been at sea in a dense fog, when it seemed as if a tangible white darkness shut you in, and the great ship, tense and anxious, groped her way toward the shore with plummet (铅锤) and sounding-line (测深索), and you waited with beating heart for something to happen? I was like that ____46____ before my education began, only I was without ____47____ or sounding-line, and had no way of knowing how near the ____48____ was. "Light! Give me light!" was the wordless cry of my soul, and the light of love shone on me in that very hour.I felt approaching footsteps. I stretched out my hand as I would to my mother. Someone ____49____ it, and I was caught up and held close in the arms of her who had come to ____50____ all things to me, and, more than all t hings else, to love me.The morning after my teacher came she led me into her room and gave me a doll. The little blind children at the Perkins Institution had sent it and Laura Bridgman had dressed it; but I did not know this until ____51____. When I had played with it a little while, Miss Sullivan slowly spelled into my hand the word "d-o-l-l." I was at once interested in this finger play and tried to ____52____ it. When I finally succeeded in making the letters correctly I ____53____ withchildish pleasure and pride. Running downstairs to my mother I held up my hand and made the letters for doll. I did not know that I was spelling a word or even that words existed; I was simply making my fingers go in monkey-like imitation. In the days that followed I learned to spell in this ____54____ way a great many words, among them pin, hat, cup and a few verbs like sit, stand and walk. But my teacher had been with me several weeks before I understood that everything has a ____55____.41. A. hesitant B. reluctant C. expectant D. defendant42. A. consequently B. unconsciously C. deliberately D. simultaneously43. A. come forth B. brought about C. left behind D. hidden away44. A. panic B. result C. position D. marvel45. A. succeeded B. exposed C. inherited D. demonstrated46. A. fog B. ship C. shore D. plummet47. A. compassion B. compromise C. compass D. companion48. A. paradise B. habitat C. residence D. harbor49. A. took B. shook C. clung D. rescued50. A. share B. devote C. reveal D. celebrate51. A. beforehand B. backward C. afterward D. forward52. A. illustrate B. exhibit C. guess D. imitate53. A. fluttered B. flourished C. flashed D. flushed54. A. unrealistic B. uncomprehending C. insurmountable D. unproductive55. A. title B. name C. credit D. roleKeys: 41-45 CBADA 46-50 BCDAC 51-55 CDDBBIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Vast Parts of Earth should be left wildTo avoid mass extinctions of all plants and animals, governments should protect a third of the oceans and land by 2030 and half by 2050, with a focus on areas of high biodiversity. So say leading biologists in an editorial in the journal Science.This isn’t not just about saving biodiverse areas, says Jonathan Baillie of the National Geographic Society, one of the authors. It’s also about saving ourselves by protecting____41____ natural systems, or ecosystems. and their benefits to us, known as ecosystem service. “We are learning that the large areas that remain are important for providing services for all life. The forests, for example, are ____42____critical for absorbing and storing carbon.” says Baille.At present, just 3.6 per cent of the planet’s oceans and 14.7 per cent of the land is protected by law. At the 2010 Nagoya Conference of the Convention on Biological Diversity,governments agreed to protect 10 per cent of the oceans and 17 per cent of land.But this isn’t nearly enough, says Baillie. In the editorial, He and his coauthor, Ya-Ping Zhang of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, want governments to set much bigger ____43____ targets at the next major conference in 2020.“We have to enormously ____44____ increase our ambition if we want to avoid an extinction crisis and if we want to maintain the ecosystem services that we ____45____ currently benefit from,” says Baillie. “The trends are in a ____46____ positive direction, it’s just we have to move much faster.”It’s hard to work out how much space is needed to preserve biodiversity and ecosystem ____47____benefits, the pair say, because there’s so much we don’t know about life on Earth – like how many species there are. ____48____However, most estimates suggest that between 25 and 75 per cent of high biodiversity regions or major ecosystems must be protected. Therefore, we, including governments, should be _____49____ err on the side of caution when setting goals and strategies.“There is no doubt we need far more land and sea ____50____secured for conserving and retaining nature,” says James Watson at the University of Queensland in Australia. “Targets like 50 per cent are in the right ball park when it comes to the minimal ____51____ amount of area needed to conserve biodiversity.”But Watson and others stress that which areas get protected is even more important than the overall percentage. “The key thing is to protect the right areas,” says Jose Montoya of the Stationfor Theoretical and Experimental Ecology in Moulis, France. “If we ____52____ merely protect a proportion of the territory, governments will likely protect what’s easy, and that’s usually areas of ____53____ low biodiversity and ecosystem service provision.”In fact,a third of the 3.6 per cent of land that is already meant to be protected is actually being ____54____exploited, Watson’s team reported last month. So only ____55____ declaring areas to be protected isn’t enough.41. A. stricter B. wider C. safer D. simpler42. A. unique B. sufficient C. critical D. fit43. A. examples B. values C. awards D. objectives44. A. increase B. achieve C. lack D. frustrate45. A. barely B. currently C. roughly D. thoroughly46. A. opposite B. fixed C. complex D. positive47. A. approaches B. management C. benefits D. degradation48. A. Therefore B. Furthermore C. However D. Otherwise49. A. concerned B. changeable C. firm D. cautious50. A. deserted B. secured C. measured D. distributed51. A. damage B. cost C. amount D. standard52. A. completely B. merely C. Virtually D. desperately53. A. mass B. tropical C. marine D. low54. A. exploited B. expanded C. restored D. discovered55. A. developing B. covering D. declaring D. utilizingKeys: 41-45 BCDAB 46-50 DCCDB 51-55 CBDADIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.How Facebook Programmed Our RelativesThree years ago, on his birthday, a law professor watched his e-mail inbox as usual. But it was filled with Facebook notifications (通告) ____41____ that friends had posted messages on his wall. The messages made him sad. The blocked inbox was ____42____, but what really upset him was having disclosed his birth date to Facebook in the first place. It’s not necessary for social networking to comply with (遵守) privacy laws, as some people ___43____ believe. He hadn’t paid much attention when he signed up—as with most electronic contracts, there was no room for negotiation about terms. He ____44____ Facebook’s instructions, entered the data and clicked a button.A few days later, the law professor decided to change the birth date on his Facebook profile to ____45____ the same situation next year. But when the fake date rolled around, his inbox again was flooded with Facebook notifications. Two of the messages were from close relatives, one of whom he had spoken with on the phone on his actual birthday! How could she not realize that the date was ____46____?Our hypothesis (假设): she’d been programmed!That law professor was one of us, and it confirmed his ____47___ that most people respond ____48____ to Facebook’s prompts (提示) to provide information or contact a friend without really thinking much about it. That’s because digital networked technologies are engineering humans to behave like simple stimulus-response machines.Social media plays a tremendous role in modern life. Facebook, LinkedIn and Twitter have become the primary ways of keeping in touch with friends, family, classmates and colleagues. To date, ____49____, researchers have not fully explored the degree to which these platforms are literally programming human responses. Social media platforms encode a range of social ____50____: Facebook notifies us when it is time to wish our friends a happy birthday; LinkedIn prompts us to congratulate contacts on their work anniversaries. As a result, social interactions are often ____51____ to the click of a button.Facebook may increase the number of people to whom we wish a happy birthday with a few clicks of a button; it’s not as if we remember the birth dates of that high school classmate or distant cousin. But if it becomes ____52____ behavior, is it even meaningful? As for people who aren’t on Facebook or don’t post their birth dates publicly, the ___53____ they exercise over their data comes at a cost: they don’t receive scores of well-wishes from far-flung contacts. ____54____, it’s still nice to be thought of, even if just once a year.Digital platforms are ____55____ what it means to be human, and we can’t rely on the platforms to police or research themselves. In the meantime, when your birthday rolls around, enjoy the warm feelings from friends sending their regards— but remember that they don’t know when your birthday really is any more than you do theirs.41. A. requiring B. recognizing C. indicating D. summarizing42. A. annoying B. embarrassing C. frustrating D. exciting43. A. hardly B. passionately C. mistakenly D. slowly44. A. lacked B. suspended C. obeyed D. offered45. A. accept B. avoid C. analyze D. arrange46. A. significant B. definite C. correct D. fake47. A. doubt B. appointment C. statement D. plan48. A. cautiously B. positively C. automatically D. aggressively49. A. thus B. however C. moreover D. otherwise50. A. reforms B. problems C. issues D. behaviors51. A. adapted B. reduced C. committed D. admitted52. A. suspected B. accepted C. programmed D. horrified53. A. control B. judgments C. influence D. skills54. A. In return B. In addition C. For example D. After all55. A. enriching B. examining C. shaping D. retainingKeys: 41-45 CACCB 46-50 DACBD 51-55 BCADCIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.(A)You can actually catch a good mood or a bad mood from your friends, according to a recentstudy in the journal Royal Society Open Science. But that shouldn’t stop you from ___51___ with pals who are down in the dumps, say the study authors: ___52___, the effect isn’t large enough to push you into depression.The new study adds to a growing body of research suggesting that happiness and sadness—as well as lifestyle and behavioral factors like smoking, drinking, obesity, fitness habits and even the ability to concentrate—can ___53___ across social networks, both online and in real life. But while many ___54___ studies have only looked at friendship data at one point in time, this is one of the few that measured social and mood changes over time.The new research involved groups of junior-high and high-school students who took part in ___55___ screenings（筛查）and answered questions about their best friends, many of whom were also enrolled in the study. In total, 2,194 students were included in the ___56___, which used a mathematical model to look for connections among friend networks.Overall, kids whose friends suffered from bad moods were more ___57___ to report bad moods themselves—and they were less likely to have improved when they were screened again six months to a year later. When people had more happy friends, ___58___, their moods were more likely to improve over time.Some symptoms related to depression—like helplessness, tiredness and loss of interest—also seemed to follow this ___59___, which scientists call “social contagion.” But this isn’t something that people need to ___60___, says lead author Robert Eyre, a doctoral student at the University of Warwick. Rather, it’s likely just a “___61___ empathetic response that we’re all familiar with, and something we recognize by common sense,” he says. In other words, when a friend is going through a rough patch, it makes sense that you’ll feel some of their ___62___, and it’s certainly not a reason to stay away.The study also found that having friends who were clinically depressed did not ___63___ participants’ risk of becoming depressed themselves. “Your friends do not put you at risk of illness,” says Eyre, “so a good course of action is simply to ___64___ them.” To boost both of your moods, he suggests doing things together that you both ___65___—and taking other friends along to further spread those good feelings, too.”51. A. keeping up B. making off C. hanging out D. getting away52. A. Thankfully B. Particularly C. Hopefully D. Totally53. A. increase B. generate C. delay D. spread54. A. growing B. previous C. real D. large-scale55. A. depression B. anxiety C. anger D. friendship56. A. assessment B. examination C. analysis D. exercise57. A. willing B. reluctant C. able D. likely58. A. what’s worse B. as a result C. on the other hand D. in one word59. A. prediction B. pattern C. report D. improvement60. A. worry about B. look for C. rely on D. put forward61. A. social B. normal C. rough D. certain62. A. symptoms B. responses C. recognition D. pain63. A. eliminate B. conceal C. increase D. sugarcoat64. A. enlighten B. entertain C. empower D. support65. A. enjoy B. understand C. advise D. permit(B)Many of China’s ancient architectural treasures crumbled to dust before Lin Huiyin and Liang Sicheng began documenting them in the 1930s. The husband and wife team were by far the best-known ___66___ to operate in China. Their ___67___ have since inspired generations of people to speak out for architecture threatened by the rush toward development.Becoming China’s first architectural historians was no easy ___68___. The buildings they wanted to ___69___ were centuries old, often in shambles and located in distant parts of the country. In many cases, they had to journey through ___70___ conditions in the Chinese countryside to reach them.___71___ China’s outlying areas during the 1930s meant traveling muddy, poorly maintained roads by mule, or on foot. This was a(n) ___72___ undertaking both for Liang, who walked with a bad limp（跛）after a motorcycle accident as a young man, and Lin, who had a lung disease for years. Inns were often unimaginably dirty, food could be tainted（污染的）, and there was always ___73___ of violence from rebels, soldiers and bandits.Their greatest discovery came on an expedition in 1937 when they dated and extremely ___74___ catalogued Foguang Si, or the Temple of Buddha’s Light, in Wutai County, Shanxi Province. The breathtaking wooden temple was ___75___ in 857 A.D., making it the oldestbuilding known in China at the time. (It is now the fourth-oldest known).Liang and Lin crawled into the temple’s most ___76___ areas to determine its age, including one aerie inhabited by thousands of bats and millions of bedbugs, covered in dust and littered with dead bats. Liang wrote of the ___77___ in an account included in “Liang and Lin: Partners in Exploring China’s Architectural Past,” the English-language story of their lives written by Wilma Fairbank, their close friend and correspondent.“In complete darkness and amid the ___78___ smell, hardly breathing, with thick masks covering our noses and mouths, we measured, drew, and photographed with flashlights for several hours,” Liang wrote. “When ___79___ we came out to take a breath of fresh air, we found hundreds of bedbugs in our backpack. We ourselves had been badly bitten. Yet the ___80___ and unexpectedness of our find made those the happiest hours of my years hunting for ancient architecture.”66. A. architects B. historians C. preservationists D. travellers67. A. documents B. efforts C. operations D. encouragements68. A. achievement B. dream C. determination D. breakthrough69. A. construct B. develop C. announce D. save70. A. opposing B. unexpected C. unfamiliar D. dangerous71. A. Exploring B. Touring C. Developing D. Overlooking72. A. unadvisable B. priceless C. demanding D. worthless73. A. tolerance B. accusation C. suspicion D. risk74. A. efficiently B. carefully C. merrily D. creatively75. A. built B. ruined C. discovered D. recorded76. A. untidy B. ancient C. forgotten D. important77. A. crawl B. experience C. prospection D. exploitation78. A. unknown B. disgusting C. hard D. thick79. A. at last B. in contrast C. in result D. with effort80. A. misery B. result C. reflection D. importanceKeys: (A) 51-55 CADBA 56-60 CDCBA 61-65 BDCDA(B) 66-70 CBADD 71-75 ACDBA 76-80 CBBADIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Today’s youth seem content to take the easy route and enjoy the ride of life. When ___41___ situations arise, they often pull a long face and ___42___. How you live your teen years will have a profound impact on the rest of your life. You must learn to utilize (利用) your ___43___ wisely.You may not see it now, ___44___ developing leadership characteristics at a young age is very important. ___45___ we get older, it becomes harder to overcome bad habits and replace them with good ones. Possessing leadership qualities is essential, both in this life and in the world to come.There are certain qualities that one needs to develop in order to become a leader: justice, judgment, dependability, initiative, decisiveness, courage, knowledge and loyalty. You may recognize these as good qualities to have, without realizing how they apply to leadership. The more that these qualities are part of your nature, the more ___46___ and enjoyable your life will be. All of these are qualities that one must possess to one degree or another.___47___ popular opinion, leadership is something that is learned. No one is born a leader. We are all capable of ___48___ the leadership qualities mentioned above—some just choose not to. Of course, not everyone can be the “top dog”, ___49___ all the time. However, everyone does have the capacity to lead in some way—but ___50___ is required!Understand that learning is a fact of life—learning to ride a bike, learning to drive, learning to type, learning mathematics, etc. All of these activities ___51___ action, if we do not ___52___ and develop them, those abilities will never come to perfection.Youth is an excellent time to start developing leadership qualities. ___53___ the time to study each one in detail. Put them into practice as you interact with other people. Determine which areas you are weak in, striving to always improve. Observe the leaders and how they handle situations and carry themselves. Also, study the lives of great leaders. The results will ___54___ you in this life —and ___55___!41. A. comfortable B. tough C. enjoyable D. convenient42. A. shout B. laugh C. complain D. regret43. A. intelligence B. time C. degree D. challenge44. A. but B. while C. for D. since45. A. Before B. After C. As D. Though46. A. efficient B. effective C. sufficient D. productive47. A. In spite of B. Contrary to C. As for D. Regardless of48. A. demanding B. carrying C. exhibiting D. expecting49. A. let alone B. depend on C. start off D. get together50. A. patience B. perseverance C. intelligence D. action51. A. require B. cause C. profit D. set52. A. increase B. exploit C. recall D. demonstrate53. A. Spend B. Take C. Pay D. Consume54. A. serve B. encourage C. charge D. entitle55. A. out B. beyond C. away D. offKeys: 41-45 BCBAC 46-50 DBCAD 51-55 ABBABIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Can we do without cash? Since 2015, digital payments in the UK have ____41____ those in cash, and we are invited by the great and the good1to cheer this on. The fully cashless era will be magnificently ____42____, they say, with goods delivered directly to the door: no fumbling(摸索) for change, just tap and go. Some London ____43____ of several chains don’t accept cash any more. Businesses and banks want to ____44____ cash because they have fears of the black market and tax avoidance. Yet we should worry about the ____45____ of cash, because physical money possesses worth far above its face value.Actual ____46____ money, in the hand, teaches us its true value. With cash, what you see is what you have. Exchanging it demands personal engagement and ____47____ the wheels of acommunity. In the shop, the exchange of cash takes time: it involves eye meeting eye. A digital touch payment is done in a(n) ____48____: no human interaction necessary.Without cash, ____49____ gifts of money become impossible: no more helping a fellow passenger with a bus fare, no ____50____ change to charity or beggar. ____51____, the lack of cash means even the most fundamental aspects of etiquette(礼节) are under pressure. Tipping in restaurants is changing beyond recognition. In simpler times, any amount of cash, warmly generous and pointedly small could be left as a reward. In the digital age, any extra money ____52____ to the restaurant account may never reach the staff pocket.Cash is a(n) ____53____ of what money stands for. It promotes independence and engagement. Security concerns are reduced to the age-old matter of keeping hold of what you have. By contrast, a cashless society is a joyless and cold one. People ____54____ treat everything around when they are drawing on the digital service. Besides, cash is a great leveler(平等物). Every penny, pound and bank note sits the same in every hand, _____55_____ in hand and appearance. A pocketful of change is like a gallery of museums. The roses, ostrich feathers and lions on the coins reveal the history that shaped Untied Kingdom. It is really crazy to give up on cash.41. A. prevented B. attempted C. outnumbered D. launched42. A. economic B. elaborate C. deliberate D. convenient43. A. branches B. situations C. minorities D. horizons44. A. work out B. do away with C. turn down D. make out45. A. identification B. justification C. rebirth D. deaths46. A. digital B. physical C. pocket D. current47. A. fuels B. oils C. pulls D. draws48. A. flight B. pause C. flash D. magic49. A. imposing B. impulsive C. inconsiderate D. gracious50. A. loose B. scarce C. steady D. tense51. A. On the other hand B. By contrast C. On the whole D. Worse still52. A. donated B. devoted C. transferred D. removed53. A. reminder B. simplification C. record D. function54. A. indifferently B. sadly C. cruelly D. accordingly55. A. essential B. feasible C. comparably D. identicalKeys: 41-45CDABD 46-50 BBCBA51-55 DCAADIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Deliberate practice refers to a special type of practice that is purposeful and systematic. __ 41__ regular practice might include mindless repetitions, deliberate practice requires focused attention and is conducted with the specific goal of improving __42__.The greatest __ 43 __ of deliberate practice is to remain focused. In the beginning, showing up is the most important thing. But after a while we begin to carelessly __ 44 __ small errors and miss daily opportunities for improvement. This is because the natural tendency of the human brain is to __45__ repeated behaviors into automatic habits. __ 46 __, when you first learned to tie your shoes you had to think carefully about each step of the process. Today, after many repetitions, your brain can perform this sequence __ 47 __. The more we repeat a task the more mindless it becomes.Mindless activity is the __ 48 __ of deliberate practice. The danger of practicing the same thing again and again is that progress becomes __ 49 __. Too often, we think we are getting better simply because we are gaining experience. In __ 50 __, we are merely reinforcing(加强) our current habits — not improving them.Claiming that improvement requires attention and effort sounds logical enough. But what does deliberate practice actually look like in the real world?The first effective feedback system is __ 51 __. This holds true for the number of pages we read, the number of pushups we do, the number of sales calls we make, and any other task that is important to us. It is only through measurement that we have any __ 52 __ of whether we are getting better or worse.The second effective feedback system is coaching. One consistent finding across disciplinesis that coaches are often essential for __ 53 __ deliberate practice. In many cases, it is nearly impossible to both perform a task and measure your progress at the same time. Good coaches can track your progress, find small ways to improve, and hold you __54__ to delivering your best effort each day.Deliberate practice is not a comfortable activity. It requires sustained effort and concentration, but if you can manage to maintain your focus and __ 55 __, then the promise of deliberate practice is quite tempting: to get the most out of what you’ve got.41. A. Since B. Whether C. While D. As42. A. awareness B. performance C. enjoyment D. intelligence43. A. equivalent B. ambition C. challenge D. appeal44. A. overlook B. insert C. detect D. implement45. A. transport B. translate C. transplant D. transform46. A. For example B. On the contrary C. As a result D. On the other hand47. A. carelessly B. accurately C. instantly D. automatically48. A. outcome B. enemy C. source D. substitute49. A. distracted B. imposed C. assumed D. noted50. A. reality B. despair C. contrast D. return51. A. encouragement B. compliment C. measurement D. management52. A. motivation B. proof C. trouble D. concern53. A. resisting B. eliminating C. defining D. sustaining54. A. accountable B. opposed C. addicted D. parallel55. A. existence B. commitment C. dignity D. perspectiveKeys: 41-45 CBCAD 46-50 ADBCA 51-55 CBDABIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.。
2017上海英语高考各区二模完型汇编及答案
2017上海二模各区完型汇编宝山区Surviving Art TraditionNative American Indians expressed themselves through their artwork, which is carved onto totem（图腾）poles. Many people hold the belief (21) __________all Native American Indian tribes （部落）carve的totem poles, but this is far from the truth . Carving totem poles was a tradition among many tribes , especially those that lived along the Pacific coast(22)____________forest grew. However , those Native American Indians who lived in the south west and the plains , and Indians , but (23)_________(few) trees to carve than Pacific tribes.The height of totem poles can vary considerably . Long ago totem poles (24)___________(find) to stand around 12m tall . Today , Native American Indian artists continue to care trees, but some totem poles are short and are used in homes as decoration .(25)_____________is not surprising that a genuine pole will cost more than $1500 per meter because traditionally carved totem involve a great deal of work , craftsmanship and time to produce.The raising of a totem pole is an important celebration among the India tribe . A hole is dug for the pole to stand in . The pole is carried to the site in a ceremony which other hundreds of people attend. Ropes are used (26)__________(raise) the pole into place. Singing and dancing to drums accompanies the pole raising . Often poles are raised in this way (27) ___________the carving begins . Carvers do their jobs then on the site.Many people believe that totem poles are religious symbols , but this idea is false. Instead of (28) __________(act) as religious symbols , carvings represent the tribal nation and convey the tribes’ history . The story of a totem pole is frequently passed down from generation to generation . Having the story documented this way helps keep this tradition (29) __________(recognize) in our history . These days , many totem poles no longer exist (30) _______ __________ decay and rot. However , there are still some tribes that continue to practice this ancient are form , and these totem poles are still being enjoyed by collections of tribal art.II. Grammar and Vocabulary21. that 22. where 23. fewer 24. were found 25. It26. to raise 27. before 28. acting 29. recognized 30. because of崇明区Delivering Food by DroneA Singapore restaurant plans to use drones (遥控飞机) to transport food and drinks from the kitchen to a wait station near customers’ tables.Infinium Robotics, the Singapore company that’s developing the drones for restaurant chain Timbre, has spent the past two weeks testing the technology at the restaurant before it opens each n i g h t 21 business and hopes to have it in place by the end of the year.But how does the drone know where to hover (盘旋)? What if someone bumps into the drone or is standing in its way? “There’s no chance at all 22 it will hit anything,” says Infinium Robotics chief executive Junyang Woon.The drones automatically charge while 23 (wait) in the kitchen. 24 the chef puts an order on the drone, he hits a button on a keypad and the drone automatically flies to one of two wait stations. Sense-and-avoid technology 25 (build) into the drone won’t allow it to land at the wait station if anything is in its way. The drones are equipped with sonar (声纳系统) and an infrared sensor (红外线传感器), too.A waiter then removes the food or drink from the drone and hits a button 26 sends it back to the kitchen. The drones, weighing a little over five pounds, 27 carry just over four pounds of food. Infinium Robotics is working on a model that will carry twice as 28 (much) food.“Its job is to help the waiters to reduce some of their boring tasks, ” Woon said. “If they let the robots 29 (do) the job, they can concentrate on interacting with customers to bring about higher customer satisfaction and dining experience.”Since it drew recent media attention, Woon 30 (hear) from resorts and restaurants in 10 countries, including the United States.II. Grammar and Vocabulary（共20分。
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2017.11.28七校英语In interviews, famous people often say that the key to becoming both happy and successful is to “do what you love.” But _____41_____ a skill, even one that you deeply love, calls for plenty of drills. Any challenging activity—from computer programming to playing a musical instrument to athletics—requires _____42_____ practice. A perfect golf swing or faultless butterfly stroke (蝶泳) takes countless hours of practice and repetitions to perfect.Anyone who wants to have a good command a skill must go through the _____43_____ of practice, critical feedback, polish, and increasing improvement again, again, and again. Some people seem able to concentrate on practicing an activity like this for years and take _____44_____ in their gradual improvement. Yet others find this kind of focused, time-intensive work to be _____45_____ or boring. Why?The _____46_____ may depend on the ability to enter into a state of “flow,” the feeling of being completely involved in what you are doing. Flow states can happen in the course of any activity, and they are most common when a task has definite goals and where the individual is able to _____47_____ their performance to clear and immediate feedback.Csikszentmihalyi suggested that those who most _____48_____ entered into flow states had an “autotelic personality”—a tendency to seek out challenges and get into a state of flow. While those without such a personality see difficulties, autotelic individuals see opportunities to build skills and they have low levels of self-centeredness. Such people, with their ability to focus on tasks rather than rewards have a great _____49_____ over others in developing their innate(天生的) abilities. But how can we get into a flow state for an activity so that we enjoy both the process of improving skills and the _____50_____ of being a master?_____51_____ for those of us who don’t necessarily possess an autotelic personality, there is evidence that flow states can be _____52_____ by environmental factors. For instance, in Montessori schools, students do not study by following direct instruction. _____53_____, they are encouraged to develop and pursue personal interests. Competition is _____54_____ and grading is not emphasized. Students are grouped together according to shared interests, rather than separated by ability.While there isn’t yet a pill that can turn dull practice into an exciting activity for anyone, it is comforti ng that we seem to be able to advance into flow states. By giving ourselves unstructured, open-ended time, minimum distractions, and a task set at a moderate level of _____55_____, we may be able to love what we’re doing while we put in the hard work practicing the things we love doing.41. A. functioning B. stimulating C. enriching D. mastering42. A. fixed B. concentrated C. paralleled D. instructed43. A. transformation B. substitute C. cycle D. condition44. A. pleasure B. pride C. an interest D. part45. A. frustrating B. rewarding C. ignorant C. poisonous46. A. objection B. standard C. principle D. distinction47. A. adjust B. devote C. apply D. expose48. A. deliberately B. readily C. hesitantly D. flexibly49. A. feature B. control C. advantage D. sympathy50. A. reward B. jealousy C. security D. contribution51. A. Unexpectedly B. Fortunately C. Typically D. Obviously52. A. influenced B. extended C. cultivated D. bridged53. A. Otherwise B. Therefore C. Furthermore D. Instead54. A. advocated B. suspended C. discouraged D. observed55. A. priority B. difficulty C. curiosity D. identity41-55 DBCAA DABCA BCDCB2017-2018七宝中学高三上期中试卷In modern society loneliness can be seen as a social phenomenon and people can experience loneliness for manyreasons. It is a very common, though normally temporary, _____41_____ of a breakup, divorce, or loss of any important long-term relationship. In these cases, loneliness may result both from the loss of a specific person and from the _____42_____ from social circles.The loss of a significant person in one's life will typically initiate a grief response; in this situation, one might feel lonely, even while in the company of others.Loneliness may also result from any socially disruptive (破裂的) event, such as moving from one's home town into _____43_____ communities leading to homesickness. Loneliness can also occur in places with low population densities in which there are comparatively few people to _____44_____.There are many different ways used to _____45_____ loneliness. The first step that most doctors recommend to patients is therapy. Short term therapy typically occurs over a period of ten to twenty weeks. During therapy, emphasis is put on understanding the cause of the problem, _____46_____ the negative thoughts, feelings, and attitudes resulting from the problem, and exploring ways to help the patient feel connected. Some doctors also recommend _____47_____ therapy as a means to connect with other sufferers and establish a support system. It may take several attempts before a suitable anti-depressant medication is found. Some patients may also develop a resistance to a certain type of medication and need to _____48_____ periodically.Another treatment is animal-assisted therapy. Studies and surveys indicate that the presence of animal companions such as dogs, cats, rabbits, and guinea pigs can _____49_____ feelings of loneliness or depression among some sufferers. Beyond the companionship the animal itself provides there may also be increased opportunities for _____50_____ with other pet owners. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention there are a number of other health benefits associated with pet ownership, such as lowered blood pressure. In addition, some other alternative approaches may include exercise, dieting, etc, which many patients find have a _____51_____ effect on relieving symptoms. Results of a study also suggest that correcting maladaptive social cognition (认知) offers the best chance of _____52_____ loneliness.Nevertheless, loneliness can sometimes play an important role in the _____53_____ process. In some people, temporary or prolonged loneliness can lead to notable artistic and creative expression, for example, as was the case with poet Emily Dickinson, and numerous musicians. This is not to imply that loneliness itself ensures this creativity, _____54_____, it may have an influence on the subject matter of the artist and more likely be present in individuals _____55_____ creative activities.41. A. type B. concern C. consequence D. evidence42. A. withdrawal B. absence C. disappearance D. presence43. A. informal B. uncertain C. relevant D. unfamiliar44. A. turn to B. interact with C. long for D. share with45. A. release B. observe C. monitor D. treat46. A. reversing B. directing C. measuring D. pursuing47. A. long-term B. sightseeing C. patient D. group48. A. quit B. evolve C. switch D. exercise49. A. confirm B. protest C. enhance D. ease50. A. socializing B. interfering C. comparing D. coping51. A. historic B. restorative C. decisive D. permanent52. A. promoting B. enhancing C. reducing D. striving53. A. creative B. musical C. artistic D. poetic54. A. however B. therefore C. rather D. otherwise55. A. restricted to B. engaged in C. concerned about D. altered by原文出处：Keys：41—55 CADBD ADCDA BCACB2017-2018学年交大附中高三下英语开学考The picture of miseries and sufferings of the Black woman in America may appear, perhaps darker and more depressing than Dante’s (但丁) description of Hell because in the history of human race, the Black woman in America hassuffered the most. A close and critical _____41_____ of the history of the Black woman’s life and condition since her arrival in a strange land will unfold very well the long story of her pain and sorrow _____42_____ her mutilated (被切断的) soul. Since her arrival on the foreign shore, the Black woman has been facing the worst kind of _____43_____ and oppression. As a Black she has had to endure all the horrors of slavery and has been the _____44_____ of continually inhumane treatment in all kinds of work, _____45_____ the lowest place on the wage scale and restricted to the lowest-status and the most uncreative jobs. Since times of slavery, Black womanhood has been destroyed, twisted and abused with racial and inhuman _____46_____ by black men and white men and women. In the process, they have lost their genuine "self", and have developed a(n) _____47_____ in themselves—though as black women, they see themselves with the eyes of white men and women and black men. This has ultimately been responsible for the destruction of their self-confidence and the feeling of being human. They _____48_____ themselves as master s’ belongings.As a mother she has seen her children sold into slavery. She has seen them left at home without attention while she _____49_____ to the needs of the children of the ruling class. She has seen her children suffer from drug addiction, the _____50_____ of decent education and experience attacks by a racist society, and _____51_____ the prisons of this nation. In addition, besides suffering the common fate of all oppressed people, the African-American women continue to _____52_____ the oppression of woman by men, which existed for long. In the home she beco mes “the slave of a slave”. Men may be cruelly treated and subjected to all sorts of dehumanizing treatment on the part of the ruling class. _____53_____, at least they can take out their frustration on someone else, their women.Thus feminism in America means much more than what it stands for in other European countries, chiefly because it has different role and meaning _____54_____ the Black women. If a feminist is commonly defined as one who is involved in transforming and _____55_____ familiar realities, then Black women are innate(天生的) feminists. Black women writing exhibits and constructs a Black women’s literary tradition that is inherently feminist. Barbara Smith, an influential Black feminist critic, states that the ability of Black women to survive in the face of White America exhibits an innate feminist potential.41. A. respect B. reference C. account D. expression42. A. associated with B. completed with C. involved in D. joined by43. A. exploration B. exhaustion C. exploitation D. explosion44. A. article B. item C. substance D. object45. A. including B. occupying C. containing D. striking46. A. procedures B. processes C. descriptions D. practices47. A. complexity B. anxiety C. simplicity D. gravity48. A. look to B. look upon C. look over D. look through49. A. took B. kept C. attended D. appealed50. A. richness B. lack C. variety D. possibility51. A. populating B. emphasizing C. charging D. criticizing52. A. undertake B. underline C. undervalue D. undergo53. A. Therefore B. Anyway C. However D. Moreover54. A. with respect to B. in line with C. in addition to D. in parallel with55. A. reappointing B. representing C. reconsidering D. reinterpretingKeys：41-55 CACDB DABCB ADCAD2017年上海格致中学三模英语试卷Organized volunteering and work experience has long been a vital companion to university degree courses. Usually it is left to _____41_____ to judge the potential from a list of extracurricular adventures on a graduate’s resume, but now the university of Bristol has set up an award to formalize the achievements of students who _____42_____ time to activities outside their courses. Bristol PLuS aims to boost students in an increasingly competitive job market by helping。