2015四川大学软件工程期末复习题
《软件工程》期末总复习题.docx
《软件工程》期末总复习题(软件工程作业1第1〜4章)一、选择题：1•开发软件所需高成木和产品的低质量Z间有着尖锐的矛盾，这种现象称做()。
A.软件工程B.软件周期C.软件危机D.软件产生2.瀑布模型本质上是--种()模型。
A.线性顺序B.顺序迭代C.线性迭代D•早期产品3.瀑布模型存在的问题是()oA.用户容易参与开发B.缺乏灵活性C.用户与开发者易沟通D.适用可变需求4.螺旋模型是一种将瀑布模型和()结合起来的软件开发模型。
A.增量模型B.专家系统C.喷泉模型D.变换模型5.原型化方法是用户和设计者之间执行的一种交互构成，适用于()系统。
A.需求不确定性高的B.需求确定的C.管理信息D.实时6.下列有关软件工程的标准，属于国际标准的是()A.GBB.DINC.ISOD.IEEE7.结构化方法是一种基于()的方法。
A.数据结构B.程序结构C.算法D.数据流8.软件可行性研允实质上是要进行一次()需求分析、设计过程。
A、简化、压缩的B、详细的C、彻底的D、深入的9.可行性研究的目的是()A、分析开发系统的必要性B、确定系统建设的方案C、分析系统风险D、确定是否值得开发系统10.设年利率为i,现存入p元，不计复利，n年后可得钱数为()。
A、PX(l+i*n)B、PX (i+1)*nC、pX(l+i)nD、pX(i+n)11.可行性研究是在()之前A、系统开发B、测试C、试运行D、集成测试12.可行性研究需要的时间长短収决于系统的规模，一般來说，可行性研究的成本只是预期总成本的()。
A、1%B、20%C、8%D、50%13.我国正式颁布实施的()对讣算机病毒的定义具有法律性、权威性。
A.《计算机软件保护条例》B.《中华人民共和国计算机信息系统安全保护条例》C.《中华人民共和国著作权法》D.《计算机病毒防治管理办法》14.效率是一个性能要求，因此应当在以下哪个阶段规定？()A、可行性分析B、需求分析C、概要设计D、详细设计15.需求规格说明书的作用不包括()A、软件验收的依据B、用户与开发人员对软件要做什么的共同理解C、软件可行性研究的依据D、软件设计的依据16.数据字典是用来定义()中的各个成份的具体含义的。
《软件工程》期末复习题及答案
《软件工程》期末复习题及答案1.运用所掌握的知识，通过抽象，给出该系统的结构，这就是A.系统建模B.软件开发C.问题求解D.验证确认3．结构化分析方法给出了一种能表达功能模型的工具是（）。
A．HIP0图 B．PAD图 C．N-S图 D.DFD图7.在某大学学生学籍管理信息系统中，假设学生年龄的输入范围为16～40，则根据黑盒测试中的等价类划分技术，下面划分正确的是（）。
A.可划分为2个有效等价类，2个无效等价类B.可划分为1个有效等价类，2个无效等价类C.可划分为2个有效等价类，1个无效等价类D.可划分为1个有效等价类，1个无效等价类10.是把对象的属性和服务结合成一个独立的系统单元，并尽可能隐藏对象的内部细节；继承是指子类可以自动拥有父类的全部属性和服务；（）是对象发出的服务请求，一般包含提供服务的对象标识、服务标识、输入信息和应答信息等。
A.继承B.多态C.消息D.封装11.分层DFD中父子平衡是指（）。
A．父加工的数据流数目与子图中数据流数目相同B．父图应包含子图中的全部数据流C．子图应包含父图中的全部数据流D．父加工和子图的输入数据和输出数据应分别保持一致2．在建模过程中，可用以描述加工的工具是（）。
A．数据流 B.判定树 C．数据字典 D．数据存储13．以下软件生存周期的活动中，要进行软件结构设计的是（）。
A．测试用例设计 B．概要设计C．程序设计 D．详细设计16.CMMI 成熟度等级中的第四级为（）。
A.已定义级B.已定量管理级C.持续优化级D.已重复17.以下选项中，最适合于用交互式计算机软件解决的问题是（）。
A.非结构化决策问题B.半结构化决策问题C.结构化决策问题D.确定性问题18.系统测试是将软件系统与硬件、外设和网络等其他因素结合，对整个软件系统进行测试。
不是系统测试的内容（）。
A．路径测试 B．可靠性测试 C．安装测试 D．安全测试19．项目管理工具中，将网络方法用于工作计划安排的评审和检查的是（）。
软件工程导论期末试题A(带答案)
评阅教师得分四川大学期末考试试题（闭卷）（2014~2015学年第1学期）课程号： 311078040 课程名称：软件工程导论（A卷）任课教师：洪玫,刘东权,李旭伟等适用专业年级：软件工程 2013级学号：姓名：2. 请将答案全部填写在本试题纸上；3. 考试结束，请将试题纸、添卷纸和草稿纸一并交给监考老师。
✍✍✍✍✍✍✍✍✍✍✍✍✍✍✍✍✍✍✍✍✍✍✍✍✍✍✍✍✍一、单项选择题（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）提示：在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在下表中。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
1. Software is the collection of ( ).(A) Programs(B) Data(C) Documents(D) All of above2．Which of the items listed below is not one of the software engineering layers? ( )(A) Process(B) Methods(C) Tools(D) Manufacturing3．The prototyping model of software development is ( ).(A) A reasonable approach when requirements are well defined.(B) The best approach to use for projects with large development teams.(C) A useful approach when a customer cannot define requirements clearly.注：试题字迹务必清晰，书写工整。
本题共11页，本页为第1页(D) A risky model that rarely produces a meaningful product.4. The linear sequential model of software development is also known as the ( ).(A) Prototyping model(B) Waterfall model(C) Fountain model(D) Spiral model5．Which one of the following phases is not one of the phase names defined by the Unified Process model for software development? ( )(A) Inception phase(B) V alidation phase(C) Elaboration phase(D) Construction phase6. The spiral model of software development ( )(A) Ends with the delivery of the software product(B) Includes project risks evaluation during each iteration(C) Is more chaotic than the incremental model(D) All of the above7. The Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) is used to measure ( )(A) the quality of the product(B) quality in the context of the business environment(C) the quality of the process(D) none of the above8. Analysis models depict software in which three representations? ( )(A) information, function, behavior(B) architecture, interface, component(C) cost, risk, schedule(D) None of the above9. Software engineers collaborate with customers to define which of the following? ( )(A) Customer visible usage scenarios(B) Important software features(C) System inputs and outputs(D) All of the above10. Views are “slices”of architecture. Which view focuses on structural issues? ( )(A) Logical(B) Use-case(C) Process(D) Implementation11. The Data Flow Diagram(DFD) ( ).(A) depicts relationships between data objects(B) depicts functions that transform the data flow(C) indicates how data are transformed by the system(D) both b and c12. The entity relationship diagram ( )(A) depicts functions that transform the data flow(B) depicts relationships between data objects(C) indicates how data are transformed by the system(D) indicates system reactions to external events13. Which one of the following items is not an element of a class definition? ( )(A) Class responsibilities(B) Class attribution(C) Class name(D) Class operations14. The importance of software design can be summarized in a single word: ( )(A) accuracy(B) quality(C) complexity(D) efficiency15. Polymorphism can be described as? ( )(A) Inheritance(B) Information(C) Placing Generalization(D) one interface encapsulates different implementations16. Which one of the following is not an area of concern in the design model? ( )(A) architecture(B) project scope(C) data(D) interfaces17. In component design, elaboration does not require which of the following elements to bedescribed in detail? ( )(A) Attributes(B) Source code(C) Interfaces(D) Operations18. What is the normal order of activities in which traditional software testing is organized? ( )(A) unit testing, integration testing, validation testing, system testing(B) integration testing, unit testing, system testing, validation testing(C) validation testing, unit testing, integration testing, system testing(D) system testing, validation testing, integration testing, unit testing评阅教师得分19. Which of the following tests is a system test that forces the software to fail in a variety of ways and verifies that software is able to continue execution without interruption? ( )(A) security testing (B) performance testing (C) recovery testing (D) stress testing20. The testing technique that requires devising test cases to demonstrate that each program function is operational is called? ( )(A) glass-box testing (B) black-box testing (C) grey-box testing (D) white-box testing二、名词解释题（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）。
《软件工程》期末考试题及答案
《软件工程》期末考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 以下哪个不属于软件工程的三个基本活动？A. 软件规格B. 软件设计C. 软件编码D. 软件测试答案：D2. 以下哪种编程范式主要用于降低软件复杂性？A. 面向对象编程B. 过程式编程C. 函数式编程D. 逻辑编程答案：A3. 以下哪个不属于软件工程的基本原则？A. 分而治之B. 信息隐藏C. 模块化D. 编码规范答案：D4. 以下哪个不是软件工程的四大支柱？A. 软件需求B. 软件设计C. 软件验证D. 软件项目管理答案：C5. 以下哪种软件过程模型是迭代和增量的？A. 瀑布模型B. 快速应用开发C. 敏捷开发D. 原型模型答案：C6. 以下哪个不是软件测试的级别？A. 单元测试B. 集成测试C. 系统测试D. 需求测试答案：D7. 以下哪种软件维护类型是最常见的？A. 更正性维护B. 适应性维护C. 完善性维护D. 预防性维护答案：A8. 以下哪个不属于软件项目的风险管理策略？A. 风险避免B. 风险转移C. 风险减轻D. 风险接受答案：B9. 以下哪个不属于软件需求分类？A. 功能需求B. 性能需求C. 可用性需求D. 测试需求答案：D10. 以下哪个不属于软件设计的准则？A. 模块化B. 信息隐藏C. 功能耦合D. 数据抽象答案：C二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）11. 软件工程的主要目标是提高软件的__________和降低软件的__________。
答案：可维护性、成本12. 软件开发的三个基本阶段是：__________、__________、__________。
答案：需求分析、设计、实现13. 软件过程模型分为__________模型和__________模型。
答案：预测性、适应性14. 软件测试的四个基本级别是：__________、__________、__________、__________。
答案：单元测试、集成测试、系统测试、验收测试15. 软件维护的四种类型是：__________、__________、__________、__________。
软件工程期末试题（含答案）
软件工程期末试题（含答案）预览说明:预览图片所展示的格式为文档的源格式展示,下载源文件没有水印,内容可编辑和复制一、填空题（每空1分，共25分）1.软件生存周期一般可以划分为，问题定义、可行性研究、需求分析、设计、编码、测试和运行和维护。
2.基于软件的功能划分，软件可以划分成___系统软件_、支撑软件、应用软件__三种。
3.可行性研究，应从经济可行性、技术可行性、运行可行性、法律可行性和开放方案可行性等方面研究。
4.系统流程图是描绘物理系统的传统工具。
它的基本思想是用图形符号以黑盒子形式描绘系统里面的每个部件5.数据流图的基本四种成分：数据输入的源点和数据输出汇点、加工、数据流和数据存储文件。
6.结构化分析方法是面向_数据流_进行需求分析的方法。
结构化分析方法使用_数据流图DFD_与_数据字典_来描述。
7.继承性是自动地共享类、子类和对象中的方法和数据的机制。
8.软件详细设计工具可分为3类，即_图示工具_、_设计语言_和_表格工具_。
9.为了在软件开发过程中保证软件的质量，主要采取下述措施：_审查__、复查和管理复审、___测试_。
10.大型软件测试包括单元测试、集成测试、确认测试和系统测试四个步骤。
二、单项选择题（每小题2分，共20分）1.软件设计中划分模块的一个准则是（ C ）。
A、低内聚低耦合 B.低内聚高耦合 C.高内聚低耦合 D.高内聚高耦合2.Jackson设计方法是由英国的M. Jackson提出的，它是一种面向（ C ）的软件设计方法。
A、对象 B.数据流 C.数据结构 D.控制结构3.试判断下列叙述中，哪个（些）是正确的( C )。
a、软件系统中所有的信息流都可以认为是事务流b、软件系统中所有的信息流都可以认为是变换流c、事务分析和变换分析的设计步骤是基本相似的A、aB、bC、cD、b和c4.（ A ）是用户和设计交换最频繁的方法。
A、原型化方法B、瀑布模型方法 C. 螺旋模型方法D、构件组装模型5.软件工程方法学的目的是：使软件生产规范化和工程化，而软件工程方法得以实施的主要保证是( C )。
软件工程期末考试参考题及答案
一、填空题（每空1分, 共20分）1.软件生存周期一般可分为__问题定义__、可行性研究、_需求分析_____、设计编码、__测试________、运行与维护阶段。
2.按软件旳功能进行划分, 软件可以划分为系统软件、支撑软件和应用软件。
3.可行性研究重要集中在如下四个方面经济可行性、技术可行性、法律可行性和抉择。
4.顾客界面旳可使用性是顾客界面设计最重要旳也是最基本旳目旳。
5.常见旳软件概要设计措施有3大类: 以数据流图为基础构造模块构造旳___构造化设计措施_________, 以数据构造为基础构造模块旳__jackson措施__________, 以对象、类、继承和通信为基础旳__面向对象设计措施__________。
6.__数据流图________和__数据字典___共同构成系统旳逻辑模型。
7.软件测试旳措施有__分析措施________和___非分析措施_______（即黑盒法）。
8.单元测试一般以___白盒_____________测试为主, ___黑盒______测试为辅。
9.成本估计措施重要有__自底向上估计________、_自顶向下估计_________和算法模型估计三种类型。
二、单项选择题（每题2分, 共10分）1.下列哪个阶段不属于软件生存周期旳三大阶段（ C ）。
A.计划阶段B.开发阶段2. C.编码阶段 D.维护阶段3.需求分析是（A ）。
A. 软件开发工作旳基础B. 软件生存周期旳开始C. 由系统分析员单独完毕旳D. 由顾客自己单独完毕旳原型化措施是软件开发中一类常用旳措施, 它与构造化措施相比较, 更需要（ B ）。
A. 明确旳需求定义B.完整旳生命周期C、较长旳开发时间D、纯熟旳开发人员软件维护时, 对测试阶段未发现旳错误进行测试、诊断、定位、纠错, 直至修改旳回归测试过程称为（ A ）。
A、改正性维护B、适应性维护C、完善性维护D、防止性维护一般说来, 投入运行旳软件系统中有错误（A ）。
四川大学软件工程期末
A.Multiple choice (Only one is correct): ( 20*2%=40%)1 Approximately which activity listed below will consume the least amount of time ina project?A analysisB designC codingD testing2 The first step in project planning is toA determine software scopeB select project team leaderC determine the budgetD determine the process model3 Which factors are important when choosing a project team leader?A managerial identityB outstanding programming abilityC problem solving abilityD ability of communicating to other people4 The importance of software design can be summarized in a single word:A accuracyB complexityC efficiencyD quality5 Cohesion is a qualitative indication of the degree to which a moduleA can be written more compactlyB is connected to other modules and the outside worldC is able to complete its function in a timely mannerD focuses on just one thing6 Notations for depicting procedural detail includeA box diagramB ER diagramC flow chartD decision table7 The best reason for using independent software test teams is thatA software developers do not need to do any testingB testers do not get involved with the project until testing beginsC strangers will test the software mercilesslyD the conflicts of interest between developers and testers is reduced8Which of the following items is not the software engineeringlayers?A. ProgrammingB. qualityC. MethodsD. Tools9What are the three generic phases of softwareengineering?A. definition, development, supportB. what, how, whereC. programming, debugging, maintenanceD. analysis, design, testing10The Water-Fall process model of software development isA. A reasonable approach when requirements are well defined.B. A good approach when a working program is required quickly.C.The best approach to use for projects with large development teams.D.An old fashioned model that is rarely used any more.11If customers cannot define requirements clearly, the developer should use1The Water-Fall model2The prototyping model3The spiral model4Any model12There are three important risks which we must focus on them carefully. They areA business risks, personnel risks, budget risksB project risks, technical risks, business risksC planning risks, technical risks, personnel risksD management risks, technical risks, design risks13 key concept of quality control is that all workproducts1are delivered on time and under budget2have complete documentation3have measurable specifications for process outputs4are thoroughly tested before delivery to the customer14 What task is not performed as part of software requirementsanalysis?1evaluation and synthesis2modeling and problem recognition3planning and scheduling4specification and review15The entity relationshipdiagram1depicts relationships between data objects2depicts functions that transform the data flow3indicates how data are transformed by the system4indicates system reactions to external events16Which of the following is not an area of concern in the design model?1architecture2data3interfaces4project scope17 Which of following is a characteristic of a gooddesign?1exhibits strong coupling between its modules2implements all requirements in the analysis model3includes test cases for all components4incorporates source code for descriptive purposes18 Software reliability problems can almost always be tracedto1errors in requirements gathering2errors in design and implementation3human error4errors in operation19Which of the following need to be assessed during unittesting?A.algorithmic performanceB.code stabilityC.execution and error handlingD.all of the above20Which of the following is an approach todebugging?A.backtrackingB.brute forceC.cause eliminationD.all of the aboveB.True or false. (10*2%=20%)1Software is a product and can be manufactured using the same technologies used for other engineering artifacts.2Customers, end-users, practitioners, project managers and sales people are all considered as players in the software process.3 A good software is flexible, so it can easily accommodate changes brought up with therequirement change.4We should consider the implementation view first during software requirements analysis.5Every computer-based system can be modeled as an information transform using an input-processing-output template.6Test cases should be designed long before testing begins.7Recovery testing is a system test that forces the software to fail in a variety of ways and verifies that software is able to continue execution without interruption.8Adding more people to a project that is already behind schedule is a good way to catch up.9Change cannot be easily accommodated in most software systems, unless a system was designed with change in mind.10 A consideration of software scope must include an evaluation of all external interfaces.C.Short answer: (4*5%=20%)1What are main contents in a project plan?2Please describe the differences between the verification and validation?3What are the characteristics of testable software?4What is the SQA? Describe its role in software development.5Please give explanations on why requirements elicitation is so difficult.D.Answer the following questions in detail: (2*10%=20%)1As a modern software project manager, what must you do to begin a project? Please briefly describe the major activities of project management.2Given a procedure for computing the average of positive numbers:i=0;sum=0;input a;do while a!=0 {if (a>0){i++;sum+=a;}input a;}if(i>0)average=sum/i;elseaverage=-999;Please:(1) draw the corresponding flow graph;(2) tell the cyclomatic complexity of the procedure; and(3) list all the independent paths for basis path testing.。
2015四川大学软件工程期末复习题
Multiple choices1.The rapid application development model isAnswer：ca.Another name for component-based development.b. A useful approach when a customer cannot define requirementsclearly.c. A high speed adaptation of the linear sequential model.d.All of the above.1.Which of the following is not necessary to applyagility to a software process?a.Eliminate the use of project planning andtestingb.Only essential work products are producedc.Process allows team to streamline taskses incremental product delivery strategyAnswer:a2.How do you create agile processes to manageunpredictability?a.Requirements gathering must be conducted verycarefullyb.Risk analysis must be conducted beforeplanning takes placec.Software increments must be delivered inshort time periodsd.Software processes must adapt to changesincrementallye.Both c and dAnswer: e1.To construct a system model the engineer should considerwhich of the following restraining factors? Answer: ea.assumptionsb.budgetc.constraintsd. schedulee.both a and c2.During business process engineering, three differentarchitectures are examined. Answer: aa.applications, data, technology infrastructuremunications, organization, financialinfrastructurework, database, reporting structured.systems, requirements, data structure3.Which of the following is not one of the context-freequestions that would be used during project inception?a.What will be the economic benefit from a goodsolution?b.Who is against this project?c.Who will pay for the work?d.Who will use the solution?Answer: b1.During the process of modeling the system in context,systems that interact with the target system are not representedas Answer: da.Peer-level systemsb.Subordinate systemsc.Super-ordinate systemsd.Working systems6. In transaction mapping the first level factoring results in the Answer: ba.creation of CFD.b.derivation of control hierarchyc.distribution of work modulesd.refinement of the module view7. A successful application of transform or transaction mapping tocreate an architectural design is supplemented by Answer: ea.entity relationship diagramb.module interface descriptionsc.processing narratives for each moduled.test case for each modulee.Both b and c7. The OO testing integration strategy involves testing Answer: aa.groups of classes that collaborate or communicatein some wayb.single operations as they are added to the evolvingclass implementationc.operator programs derived from use-case scenariosd.none of the aboveFilllment 填空题5 Framework activity沟通策划建模构建部署Process models惯用过程模型：线性：瀑布过程模型&经典生命周期 V模型并行：增量过程模型演化过程模型：原型开发模型螺旋模型 (迭代)协同开发模型(concurrent development model)专用过程模型：基于构建的开发模型(conponent-based)形式化方法模型（formal method）应用数学分析Process flow type线性过程流迭代过程流演化过程流evolutionary并行过程流ParallelSoftware process is a layered过程方法工具XP process model 极限编程过程策划设计敏捷建模重构编码结对编程测试UP (5 phases)初始inception细化elaboration构建转换transition生产productionUI design golden rules用户操纵控制place the user to control减少用户记忆负担reduce the user‘s memory load保持界面一致consisitentyDesign model数据/类设计体系结构设计接口设计构建级设计Requirement engineering起始导出elicitation精化elaboration 协商negotiation规格说明specifiction 确认validation 需求管理managmentRequirement modeling focuses on基于场景的元素基于类的元素行为元素面向数据流的元素Manifesto for agile software development statement 敏捷宣言个体交互胜过开发过程和工具可运行的软件胜过宽泛的文档客户合作胜过了合同谈判对变更的良好响应胜过了按部就班地遵循计划Testing strategy单元测试集成测试确认测试系统测试CMMI Level names不完全级incomplete已执行级performed 已管理级managed已定义级defined 已定量管理级quantiatively managed优化级optimizedTerm Explanation 名词解释Software engineering软件工程是：1将系统化，规范化，可量化的方法应用于软件的开发、运行和维护，即将工程化方法应用于软件。
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Multiple choices1.The rapid application development model isAnswer：ca.Another name for component-based development.b. A useful approach when a customer cannot define requirementsclearly.c. A high speed adaptation of the linear sequential model.d.All of the above.1.Which of the following is not necessary to applyagility to a software process?a.Eliminate the use of project planning andtestingb.Only essential work products are producedc.Process allows team to streamline taskses incremental product delivery strategyAnswer:a2.How do you create agile processes to manageunpredictability?a.Requirements gathering must be conducted verycarefullyb.Risk analysis must be conducted beforeplanning takes placec.Software increments must be delivered inshort time periodsd.Software processes must adapt to changesincrementallye.Both c and dAnswer: e1.To construct a system model the engineer should considerwhich of the following restraining factors? Answer: ea.assumptionsb.budgetc.constraintsd. schedulee.both a and c2.During business process engineering, three differentarchitectures are examined. Answer: aa.applications, data, technology infrastructuremunications, organization, financialinfrastructurework, database, reporting structured.systems, requirements, data structure3.Which of the following is not one of the context-freequestions that would be used during project inception?a.What will be the economic benefit from a goodsolution?b.Who is against this project?c.Who will pay for the work?d.Who will use the solution?Answer: b1.During the process of modeling the system in context,systems that interact with the target system are not representedas Answer: da.Peer-level systemsb.Subordinate systemsc.Super-ordinate systemsd.Working systems6. In transaction mapping the first level factoring results in the Answer: ba.creation of CFD.b.derivation of control hierarchyc.distribution of work modulesd.refinement of the module view7. A successful application of transform or transaction mapping tocreate an architectural design is supplemented by Answer: ea.entity relationship diagramb.module interface descriptionsc.processing narratives for each moduled.test case for each modulee.Both b and c7. The OO testing integration strategy involves testing Answer: aa.groups of classes that collaborate or communicatein some wayb.single operations as they are added to the evolvingclass implementationc.operator programs derived from use-case scenariosd.none of the aboveFilllment 填空题5 Framework activity沟通策划建模构建部署Process models惯用过程模型：线性：瀑布过程模型&经典生命周期 V模型并行：增量过程模型演化过程模型：原型开发模型螺旋模型 (迭代)协同开发模型(concurrent development model)专用过程模型：基于构建的开发模型(conponent-based)形式化方法模型（formal method）应用数学分析Process flow type线性过程流迭代过程流演化过程流evolutionary并行过程流ParallelSoftware process is a layered过程方法工具XP process model 极限编程过程策划设计敏捷建模重构编码结对编程测试UP (5 phases)初始inception细化elaboration构建转换transition生产productionUI design golden rules用户操纵控制place the user to control减少用户记忆负担reduce the user‘s memory load保持界面一致consisitentyDesign model数据/类设计体系结构设计接口设计构建级设计Requirement engineering起始导出elicitation精化elaboration 协商negotiation规格说明specifiction 确认validation 需求管理managmentRequirement modeling focuses on基于场景的元素基于类的元素行为元素面向数据流的元素Manifesto for agile software development statement 敏捷宣言个体交互胜过开发过程和工具可运行的软件胜过宽泛的文档客户合作胜过了合同谈判对变更的良好响应胜过了按部就班地遵循计划Testing strategy单元测试集成测试确认测试系统测试CMMI Level names不完全级incomplete已执行级performed 已管理级managed已定义级defined 已定量管理级quantiatively managed优化级optimizedTerm Explanation 名词解释Software engineering软件工程是：1将系统化，规范化，可量化的方法应用于软件的开发、运行和维护，即将工程化方法应用于软件。
2，在1中所述方法的研究。
Software Architecture软件体系结构：指系统的一个或者多个结构，包括软件的构件，构件的外部可见属性以及它们之间的相互关系。
Couple and Cohesion内聚性：显示了某个模块相关功能的强度耦合性：显示了模块间相互依赖关系UML统一建模语言：是一种支持模型化和软件系统开发的图形化语言，为软件开发的所有阶段提供模型化和可视化支持，包括由需求分析到规格到构造和配置Regression testing回归测试：在集成测试策略环境下，重新执行已测试的某个子集，以确保変更没有传播不期望的副作用。
Waterfall model瀑布模型经典生命周期模型：当需求很清楚时候。
他提出一个系统的，顺序的软件开发方法，从用户需求规格说明开始，通过策划、建模、构建和部署的过程，最终提供一个完整的软件和持续的技术支持。
Information hiding信息隐藏：指在设计和确定模块时，使得一个模块内包含的特定信息，对于不需要这些信息的其他模块来说是不可访问的。
Software testing软件测试：在规定的条件下对程序进行操作，以发现程序错误，衡量软件质量，并对其是否能满足设计要求进行评估的过程。
Requirement Engineering需求工程：指致力于不断理解需求的大量任务和技术，从软件工程的角度看，需求工程就是一个软件工程活动，开始于沟通活动并持续到建模活动Usecase用例：识别系统使用线索的场景，提供了系统将如何被使用的描述。
用户如何在一个特定的环境下与系统交互。
Class类：具有相似属性和共同行为的事务集合。
CRC model类-职责-协作者模型：可以识别和组织与系统或产品需求相关的类。
实际上是表示类的标准索引卡片的集合，写有类名，类的职责，类的协作关系。
Incemental Model增量模型：增量模型综合了线性过程流和并行过程流的特征，随着时间的推移，增量模型在每个阶段运用线性序列，每个线性序列生产出一个软件的可交付增量。
Polymorphism多态性：一种机制，允许一个类层次结构中的几个对象有不同的方法内容但具有相同的名称。