外文翻译--基于单片机的火灾自动报警系统
基于单片机的智能火灾报警系统毕业论文
摘要科学技术的飞速发展与进步给人们的生活带来了前所未有的便利，如电力技术的迅猛发展与应用，合成材料的诞生，新能源的不断涌现，自动化程度的不断提高等等，使人们的衣食住行条件得到了极大的改善。
然而其负面的作用也随之凸显出来，如液化石油气，各种电子产品，易燃装饰材料等我们身边经常接触到的一些普通生活用品，为火灾的发生埋下了巨大的隐患，人们在享受科技带来的便利之外无时不在受到潜在的火灾的威胁。
所谓水火无情，为了避免火灾以及减少火灾造成的损失，让人们的生活更加安宁，残酷的现实以及触目惊心的教训要求我们必须设计和完善火灾自动报警系统，提高火灾的预警与早期处理水平，将火灾消灭在萌芽状态，最大限度地减少社会财富的损失。
基于此，本文从生活中的实际情况着手，设计了一种适用于多种公共场所的基于单片机的火灾智能报警系统。
该火灾报警系统是以AT89C51单片机作为控制中心，接受、处理火灾探测器输出的烟雾浓度信号、温度信号，并进行声光报警。
它通过不断的向现场发射巡检信号来监视现场的温度、烟雾浓度等，并不断反馈给报警控制器，控制器将接到的信号与内存的正常整定值比较、判断确定是否有火灾的发生。
当现场烟雾或者温度发生异常，或者发生火灾时，可实现声光报警、烟雾浓度、温度报警限设置、故障自诊断、延时报警等，是一种结构简单、性能稳定、使用方便、价格低廉、智能化的烟雾传感器，具有一定的实用价值。
关键词：AT89C51单片机，智能报警，传感器，控制器AbstractThe rapid development and progress of science and technology has brought unprecedented convenience to people's life,as the rapid development of electric technology and application of composite materials, the constantly emerging of the new energy, the constant improvement of the degree of automation, etc. make people's food and clothing live line conditions improved greatly. However, its negative effect also stands out, some ordinary articles for daily use such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), all kinds of electronic products, flammable decorative materials around us, buried the huge hidden trouble for the beginning of the fire, people enjoying the convenience from technology constantly under the threat of potential fire. So-called water ruthless, in order to avoid fire and reduce fire losses, make people's life more peaceful, the harsh reality and shocking lesson requires us to design and improve the automatic fire alarm system andimprove the level of fire early warning and handling, which will make a fire in the bud, to minimize the loss of wealth of society.Based on this, this text set about from the actual situation in life, we design a kind of intelligent fire detection and alarm system suitable for a variety of public places of based on single chip microcomputer. The fire alarm system based on AT89C51 as the control center, accepts and treats the signal of smoke concentration and temperature of the smoke fire detector, alarming with sound and light. Through sending inspection signal to the site inspection, it monitors the temperature and smoke concentration, and constantly feedbacks to alarm controller, the controller will receive the signal compared with the normal setting value of the memory and judgment whether there is a fire happening. When the smoke temperature anomalies, or there is a fire, it can realize sound and light alarm, the setting of smoke concentration and temperature alarm limit, fault self-diagnosis, delayed alarm, etc.It's a kind of intelligent smoke sensor,which has certain practical value ,with the simple structure, stable performance, convenient using, low costing, and so on.Keywords: AT89C51 single chip microcomputer, Intelligent alarm, Sensor, Controller目录1 绪论1.1 选题的背景及意义1.2 国内外发展状况和现状1.2.1 火灾报警系统发展历程1.2.2 国内外火灾报警系统的发展现状2 火灾报警系统及其整体方案设计2.1 火灾发生时的特点2.2火灾报警系统功能及其类型2.3 本系统的总体方案设计2.3.1 本设计的研究范围2.3.2 系统的硬件总体结构2.3.3 系统软件总体结构3 系统的硬件选择与设计3.1 主要芯片的选择3.1.1 单片机的选择3.1.2 模数转换芯片的选择3.2 传感器的选择3.2.1火灾探测器的分类3.2.2 温度探测器的选定3.2.3 烟雾传感器的选择3.3 各电路模块的设计3.3.1单片机外围接口电路3.3.2 A/D转换电路3.3.3 烟雾信号调理电路3.3.4 光报警电路3.3.5 声报警电路3.3.6 报警器故障自诊断4 火灾报警系统的软件设计4.1 软件开发环境4.2 火灾报警系统程序设计4.2.1主程序流程图4.2.2 主程序初始化流程图4.2.3数据采集子程序4.2.4 火灾判断与报警程序4.2.5 滤波子程序5功能仿真验证分析5.1关于仿真与编程软件5.2 Protues仿真原理图6 总结与展望6.1 总结6.2 展望致谢参考文献附录1 绪论1.1 选题的背景及意义在各种灾害中，火灾是最经常、最普遍地威胁到公众安全和社会发展的主要灾害之一。
基于单片机的火灾自动警报系统论文
基于单片机的火灾自动报警系统Based On SCM Automatic Fire Alarm System毕业论文（设计、创作）开题报告毕业论文（设计、创作）任务书指导教师签名：2009年12 月8 日大学2010届毕业设计（论文、创作）中期检查表毕业论文（设计、创作）综合成绩表（一）毕业论文（设计、创作）综合成绩表（二）备注：一、论文的质量评定，应包括对论文的语言表达、结构层次、逻辑性理论分析、设计计算、分析和概括能力及在论文中是否有新的见解或创新性成果等做出评价。
从论文来看学生掌握本专业基础理论和基本技能的程度。
二、成绩评定采用结构评分法，即由指导教师、评阅教师和答辩委员会分别给分（以百分计），评阅教师得分乘以20%加上指导教师得分乘以20%加上答辩委员会得分乘以60%即综合成绩。
评估等级按优、良、中、差划分，优90-100分；良76-89分；中60-75分；差60分以下。
三、评分由专业教研室或院组织专门评分小组（不少于5人），根据指导教师和答辩委员会意见决定每个学生的分数，在有争议时，应由答辩委员会进行表决。
四、毕业论文答辩工作结束后，各院应于6月20日前向教务处推荐优秀论文以汇编成册，推荐的篇数为按当年学院毕业生人数的1.5%篇。
五、各院亦可根据本专业的不同情况，制定相应的具有自己特色的容。
须报教务处备案。
六、书写格式要求：1. 目录；2. 容提要须书写200左右汉字，开题报告（文科除外）的容要根据不同专业的课题任务要求，阐述查阅文献、文案论证、解题思路、工作步骤等；3. 正文（含引言、结论等）；4. 参考文献（或资料）大学本科生毕业论文（设计、创作）承诺书容第2条即以备注为准。
目录摘要 (1)ABSTRACT (2)第1章绪论 (1)1.1 选题背景及意义 (1)1.2 本文所做的工作 (1)第2章火灾自动报警系统的工作原理 (2)2.1 系统总体功能概述 (2)2.2 火灾报警系统的类型 (2)2.3 火灾探测器的原理 (3)第3章系统硬件设计 (5)3.1 核心芯片选择 (5)3.2 单片机外围接口电路 (8)3.3 信号处理电路 (9)3.4 A/D转换模块 (10)3.5 声音报警电路 (11)3.6 数码管显示电路 (12)3.7 状态指示灯及控制键电路 (13)3.8 报警器故障自诊断 (14)第4章系统软件设计 (15)4.1 主程序流程图 (15)4.2 主程序初始化流程图 (16)4.3 滤波子程序 (16)4.4 线性化子程序 (17)4.5 报警子程序 (19)4.6 键盘处理子程序 (21)结论 (22)致 (23)参考文献 (24)摘要目前，随着电子产品在人类生活中的使用越来越广泛，由此引起的火灾也越来越多，在我们生活得四周到处潜伏着火灾隐患。
基于单片机的火灾自动报警系统
基于单片机的火灾自动报警系统火灾是一种在室内或房间内发生的突发性灾害，往往会带来严重的人员伤亡和财产损失。
为了及时发现和报警处理火灾，基于单片机的火灾自动报警系统应运而生。
一、系统概述基于单片机的火灾自动报警系统是一种利用现代电子技术和自动控制技术设计的设备，用于监测室内环境的变化并在发生火灾时自动发出警报信号，以便及时疏散人员和扑灭火灾。
该系统由传感器、控制模块和报警器三部分组成，能够实现对室内温度、烟雾等参数的监测和分析。
二、系统原理1. 传感器模块：传感器模块主要包括温度传感器和烟雾传感器。
温度传感器负责监测室内温度的变化，并将数据传输给控制模块；烟雾传感器则用于检测空气中的烟雾浓度，一旦浓度超过设定阈值即认定为火灾可能已发生。
2. 控制模块：控制模块采用单片机作为核心控制器，根据传感器模块传来的数据进行分析和判断。
当监测到温度异常升高或烟雾浓度异常增加时，控制模块会立即触发报警器并发送警报信号。
3. 报警器：报警器通常采用声光报警器的形式，一旦系统检测到火灾，报警器会同时发出声音和灯光警报信号，提醒周围人员及时疏散。
三、系统特点1. 可靠性高：基于单片机的火灾自动报警系统采用数字化传感器和智能控制模块，具有高度的稳定性和可靠性，减少了误报和漏报的概率。
2. 响应速度快：系统响应速度快，当火灾发生时能够立即做出反应，保证了火灾报警的及时性。
3. 易于维护：整个系统结构简单，维护方便，安装和调试均较为方便，适用于各类室内环境。
四、系统应用基于单片机的火灾自动报警系统广泛应用于各种室内场所，如家庭、商场、学校、医院等，为人们的生命和财产安全提供了重要保障。
随着科技的不断发展，该系统将逐渐得到完善和普及，进一步提高火灾防范和救援的效率。
总的来看，基于单片机的火灾自动报警系统在防范火灾、保护人员安全方面发挥着至关重要的作用，其技术应用前景十分广阔，必将在未来得到更广泛的推广和应用。
基于单片机的防火防盗报警系统
基于单片机的防火防盗报警系统Fire alarm system based on single-chipmicrocomputer摘要近年来，随着各高校规模的扩大，在校生的数目飞速增长，学生宿舍的不安定因素也越来越多。
由于同学们安全意识不强，盗窃、火灾等危害学生财产和生命安全事件的发生概率也在增长，给各高校的平安校园建设带来一定困难。
为此，在计算机技术、电子信息技术和无线通信技术的基础上，文中提出了宿舍智能防火防盗报警系统的设计。
该系统可以对学生宿舍内部中的盗窃、火灾和违章用电等不安全因素进行监控，如有警情可迅速告知宿舍管理人员前去处理，实现了对学生宿舍的安全监控，缩短了对宿舍中突发事件的反应时间，给高校学生的平安求学带来了保障。
文中提出了一种宿舍智能防火防盗报警系统的设计。
系统中，监测电子系统以ATmega16为控制核心，辅以各种传感器，对学生宿舍的安全信息进行采集，如有警情通过无线通信模块传送至监控中心，自动提示值班人员前去处理，实现了对学生宿舍的安全管理。
关键词：mega16；烟雾传感器；热释电人体红外传感器；报警系统；无线通信模块ABSTRACTIn recent years, with the expansion of the university scale, the number of students increased rapidly, unstable factors are more and more students dormitory. As a result of the students' safety awareness is not strong, the probability of occurrence of theft, fire and other hazards students property and life safety event is on the increase, bring certain difficulty to building a peaceful campus in Colleges and universities. Therefore, based on computer technology, electronic information technology and wireless communication technology, this paper puts forward the design of intelligent fire alarm system in the dormitory. The system can monitor electric insecurity factors of student dormitory in the theft, fire and illegal, such as alarm can quickly inform dormitory management personnel to deal with, the safety monitoring of the student dormitory, to shorten the reaction time of unexpected events in the dormitory, to the university student's study brings peace security.This paper presents a design of intelligent fire alarm system in the dormitory. In the system, monitoring electronic system with mega16 as the control core, supplemented by a variety of sensors, acquisition of safety information on the student dormitories, such as alarm through the wireless communication module are transmitted to the monitoring center, automatically prompts the staff on duty to deal with, the realization of student dormitory safety management.Keywords: mega16; SIM300 communication; smoke sensor; human pyroelectric infrared sensor绪论课题研究的相关背景随着人类的进步和社会科学与技术的迅猛发展，人类开始迈入数字化和网络化为平台的智能化社会，人们对工作、生活等环境的要求也越来越高，开始出现了比如智能化仪表、智能化家电、智能化汽车、智能化小区等具有不同职能成都的产品、设备工具甚至工作环境和生活环境，并且呈现出高速发展的趋势。
一种基于单片机控制的智能火灾报警系统设计
一种基于单片机控制的智能火灾报警系统设计摘要：社会在不断的发展，对火使用不当，造成的火灾带给人类经济上的损失的危害也越来越大，用AT89C52中的单片机做成的处理器，是利用了对烟雾的探测技术设计而成的火灾报警系统，该设计是从总体系统上的性能包括硬件跟软件综合考虑设计而成，本文对该系统的设计进行详细阐述，并通过您对系统的性能进行测试，来证明系统具有可靠性好、低成本、适应力强、并具有兼容特点。
关键词：单片机，智能火灾报警，设计Abstract: in the continuous development of society, the improper use of fire, the fire hazards to human economic loss is more and more big, made with AT89C52 single-chip processor, is the use of detection technology design of smoke and fire alarm system, the design is from the performance of the overall system. Including the hardware and software design and comprehensive consideration, this paper elaborates on the design of the system, and through you to test the performance of the system, to prove that the system has good reliability, low cost, strong adaptability, and compatible with the characteristics of.Keywords: microcontroller, intelligent fire alarm, design一、引言该系统是对火灾预警的系统，是由火灾检测、火灾报警、对报警的控制以及一些辅助的功能子系统组成。
基于单片机的火灾自动报警系统设计
基于单片机的火灾自动报警系统设计摘要火灾自动报警系统是一种重要的安全措施，能够及时发现火灾，减少火灾事故的发生。
本文基于单片机设计了一种火灾自动报警系统，系统包括火灾探测器、单片机控制器、报警器和通信模块。
通过对系统进行实验，验证了系统的可行性和有效性，提高了消防安全的水平。
关键词：单片机控制器自动报警系统火灾探测器AbstractFire automatic alarm system is an important safety measure. It can detect the fire timely and reduce the occurrence of fire accidents. In this paper, a fire automatic alarm system is designed based on single-chip microcomputer. The system includes fire detectors, single-chip microcomputer controller, alarm and communication module. Through experiments, the feasibility and effectiveness of the system are verified, and the level of fire safety is improved.Keywords: Single-chip microcomputer; Controller; Automatic alarm system; Fire detector.一、引言火灾是一种不可预测的事故，给人们带来了极大的危害和损失。
为了减少火灾事故的发生，提高火灾的防范和控制水平，火灾自动报警系统得到了广泛的应用。
火灾自动报警系统是通过火灾探测器、报警器等组成的有线或无线传感器网络，能够实时感知火灾情况并及时发出报警信号，提供快速、准确、可靠的火灾警报，使得现场的管理者能够及时采取保护措施，保障人员和财产的安全。
DOC-火灾报警器中英文文献翻译--基于单片机的火灾探测和监控系统-单片机
DOC-火灾报警器中英文文献翻译--基于单片机的火灾探测和监控系统-单片机外文文献原稿和译文原稿Multiple single-chip microcomputer approach tofire detection and monitoring systemA.J. AI-Khalili, MSc, PhDD. AI-Khalili, MSc, PhDM.S. Khassem, MScIndexing term : Hazards, Design, Plant condition monitoringAbstract: A complete system for fire detection and alarm monitoring has been proposed for complex plants. The system uses multiple single chip architecture attached to a party line. The control algorithm is based on a two-level hierarchy of decision making, thus the complexity is distributed. A complete circuit diagram is given for the local and the central station with requirements for the software structure. The design is kept in general form such that it can be adapted to a multitude of plant configurations. It is particularly shown how new developments in technology, especially CMOS single chip devices, are incorporated in the system design to reduce the complexity of theoverall hardware, e.g. by decomposing the system such that lower levels of hierarchy are able to have some autonomy in decision making, and thusa more complex decision is solved in a simple distributed method. 1 IntroductionRegulatory requirements for most high risk plants and buildings mandate the installation of fire detection and warning systems for all sensitive areas of the plant orthe building. Most fire codes state the requirement for monitoring and control pecifically related to a type of a plant or building such as chemical plants, petroleum, snuclear plants, residential high-rises etc. A general conclusion of these codes can be specified as the following requirements :(a) The source of all detector signals should be exactlyidentifiable by the central station(b) An extra path of communication between the central station andall local controllers(c) Direct means of control of alarm and central equipment by the central station(d) Means of communication between the central station and the fire department(e) Availability of emergency power supply. The codes usually also specify the types and frequency of tests for all equipment.A fire detection and alarm system is a combination of devices designed to signal an alarm in case of a fire. The system may also accomplish fan control, fire door hold or release, elevator recall, emergency lighting control and other emergency functions. Theseadditional functions supplement the basic system which consists of detection and alarm devices and central control unit.Technology has an influence on system architecture. When technology changes, the architecture has to be revised to take advantage of these changes. In recent years, VLSI technology has been advancing at an exponential rate. First NMOS and, in the last year or two, CMOS chips have been produced with the same packing density with more gates per chip yet at a lower power consumption than NMOS. Surely this change in technology must affect our design of hardware at both the chip and the system level. At the chip level, single chips are now being produced which are equivalent to board levels of only the previous year or two. These chips have microprocessor, memory in RAM and ROM, IO Ports both serial and parallel, A/D timer, flags and other functions on chip. At the system level, the new chips make new architectures possible. The objective of this paper is to show how technology can influence system architecture in the field of fire control. The new high density single chip microcontrollers are incorporated in the design of a large scale system and yet weobtain a smaller system with a better performance. In terms of fire detection and alarm monitoring, this is reflected directly in the local station hardware, because of their remoteness and power supply requirements. A complete local station can be designed around a single CMOS chip with power consumption of a few m W depending on system operation. This approach reduces the cost and complexity of design,implementation and maintenance and provides easily expandable and portable design. This implementation was not possible with old technology. Most of fire detection/monitoring systems available are tailored towards a specific application and lack the use of recent advances in CMOS VLSI technology. In this study, we develop a fire detection/monitoring system which is general in concept, readily implementable in a multitude of applications for early detection of a fire before it becomes critical, for equipment and evacuation of personnel. Here, we propose a central control and distributedcontrol/detection/monitoring with adequate communication, where use is made of single-chip microcontrollers in the local stations, thus improving controllability and observability of the monitoring process.2 Detection and alarm devicesA basic fire detection system consists of two parts, detection and annunciation. An automatic detection device, such as a heat, smoke or flame detector, ultraviolet or infrared detectors or flame flicker, is based on detectingthe byproduct of a combustion. Smoke detectors, of both ionization and optical types, are the most commonly useddetector devices. When a typical detector of this type enters the alarm state its current consumption increasesfrom the pA to the mA range (say, from a mere 15pA in the dormant mode to 60 mA) in the active mode. Inmany detectors the detector outputvoltage is well defined under various operating conditions, such as thosegiven in Table 1. Themore sensitive the detector, themore susceptible it is to falsealarms. In order to control the detector precisely, either of the following methods is used: a coincidence technique can be built into the detector, or a filtering technique such that a logic circuit becomes active only if x alarms are detected within a time period T. The detection technique depends greatly on the location and plant being protected; smoke detectors are used for sleeping areas, infrared or ultraviolet radiation are used when flammable liquids are being handled, heat detectors are used for fire suppression or extinguishing systems. In general, life and property protection have different approaches.Alarm devices, apart from the usual audible or visible alarms, may incorporate solid state sound reproduction and emergency voice communication or printers that record time, date, location and other information required by the standard code of practice for fireprotection for complex plants. Heaviside [4] has an excellent review of all types of detectors and extinguisher systems.2.1 Control philosophy and division of labourOur control philosophy is implemented hierarchically. Three levelsof system hierarchy are implemented, with two levels of decision making. There is no communication between equipment on the same level. Interaction between levels occurs by upwards transfer of information regarding the status of the subsystems and downwards transfer of commands. This is shown in Fig. 1 where at level 1 is the centralstation microcomputer and is the ultimate decision maker (when not in manual mode). At level 2 are the local controllers, which reside in the local stations. At level 3 are the actual detectors and actuators. A manual mode of operation is provided at all levels.Information regarding the status of all detectors is transmitted on a per area basis to the local controllers. Their information is condensed and transmitted upward to the central microcomputer. Transfer of status is always unidirectional and upwards. Transfer of commands is always unidirectional and downwards, with expansion at the local control level. This approach preserves the strict rules of the hierarchy for exact monitoring detection and alarm systems associated with high risk plants.The classification of the two layers of controls is based uponlayers of decision making, with respect to the facts that(a) When the decision time comes, the making and implementation of a decision cannot be postponed(b) The decisions have uncertainty(c) It will isolate local decisions (e.g. locally we might have an alarm although there may be a fault with the system)3 General hardwareI :Fig. 2 depicts our design in the simplest of forms. The system uses an open party line approach with four conductor cables going in a loop shared by all the remote devices and the control panel. This approach is simple in concept and is economically feasible. However, one major disadvantage is the dependency on a single cable for power andsignaling. In cases where reliability is of extreme importance, two or even three cables taking differentroutes throughout the system may be connected in parallel. Fig. 3 gives the driver circuitry required to derive an expandable bus. This design takes advantage of recent advances in the single chip microcomputer technology to reduce the interface between the central station and the local stations.3. 1 Central control taskA central unit provides a centralized point to monitor and control the systemactivities. In the system to be described the central control unit serves a fivefold purpose.(i) It receives information from the local stations and operates the alarms and other output devices.(ii) It notifies the operator in case of system malfunction.(iii) It provides an overall system control manual and automatic.(iu) It provides a system test point of local stations and itself.(u) It provides a central point for observation, learning and adaptation.3.2 Local stationsThe local stations can take local decisions regarding recognition of a risk situation, and act independently on local affairs. In this technique we depend on ‘load-type coordination’, e.g. the lower level units recognize the existence of otherdecision units on the same level; the central or the top level provides the lower units with a model of the relationship between its action and the response of the system.It is evident that a powerful machine is required at this stage so that all the required functions can be implemented. The availability of the new generation of microchips makes this architecture a feasible solution.A single chip microcomputer was chosen over discrete digital and analogue devices to interface to the field devices and to the central microcomputer. This is the main reason that previously this approach was not feasible.In selecting the microcomputer for the local stations, the criterion was the requirement for a chip which contains the most integration ofthe analogue and digital ports required for the interface and the utilization of CMOS technology owing to remoteness of the local stations. The choice was the Motorola 68HC11A4, for the following reasons:(a) It is CMOS technology; this reduces power consumption.(b) It has a UART on board; this facilitates serial communication.(e) It has an a/d converter on board; this eliminates an externalA/D.(d) It has 4K of ROM, 256 bytes of RAM, 512 bytes of EERROM with 401/0 lines and a 16 bit timer; this satisfied all our memory and 1/0 requirements at the local station side.4 System implementationThe local station: Fig. 3 is the block diagram of the circuit usedto utilize the MC68HCllA4 as a remote fire detecting circuit while Fig.4 illustrates the same circuit in an expanded form. It can be seen that the single microcontroller can be used to monitor more than one detector, thus reducing system cost.The loop power supply, which is usually between 28 and 26 V, isfurther regulated by a 5 V 100 mA monolithic low power voltage regulator to supply power to the microcontroller. The onboard oscillator, coupled with an external crystal of 2.4576 MHz, supplies the microcontrollerwith its timing signal which is divided internally by four to yield aprocessor frequency of 614.4 kHz, which is an even multiple of the RS 232 [7] baud rate generator. In this Section the term ‘supervised input or output’ will be used to mean that the function in question is monitored foropen- and short-circuit conditions in addition to its other normal functions. More information can be found in Reference 9.5 Main loop6 ConclusionThis paper describes the development of a large scale fire detection and alarm system using multi-single chip microcomputers. The architecture used is a two-level hierarchy of decision making. This architecture is made possible by the new CMOS microcontrollers which represent a high packing density at a low power consumption yet are powerful in data processing and thus in decision making. Each local station could make an autonomous decision if the higher level of hierarchy allows it to do so. It has been tried to keep the system design in general format so it can be adapted to varying situations. A prototype of the described system has been built and tested [10]. The control part of the central station is implemented with a development card based on MC 68000 microprocessor (MEX 68KECB, by Motorola), which has a built-inmonitor called Tutor. The application programs were developed using the features provided by this monitor. The local stations’ controllers were designed using the MC68705R3, single-chip microcontroller.7 References1 ‘Fire protection guidelines for nuclear power plants’, US NRC Regulatory Guide 1.1202 BAGCHI, C.N.: ‘A multi-level distributed microprocessor systemfor a nuclear power plant fire protection system controls, monitoring, and communication’, IEEE Trans., 19823 PUCILL, P.M.: ‘Fire hazard protection, detection and moni toring systems’, Sea. Con, 2, Proceedings of Symposium on ADV in offshore and terminal measurement and control systems, Brighton, England, March 1979, pp. 353-3634 HEAVISID, L.: ‘Offshore fire and explosion detection and fixed fire’. Offshore Technologic al Conference, 12th Annual Proceedings, Houston, Texas, May 1980, pp. 509-5225 CELLENTANI, E.N., and HUMPHREY, W.Y.: ‘Coordinateddetection/communication approach to fire protection’, Specify: Eng.,6 ‘Motorola Microprocessors Data Manual’ (Motorola Se miconductor Products, Austin, Texas, USA)7 Electronic Industries Association : ‘Interface between data terminal equipmentand data communication equipment employing serial binary data interchange’ (EIA Standard RS-232, Washington, DC, 1969)8 MESAROVIC, M.D., MACKO, D., TAKAHARA, Y.: ‘Theory of hierarchical multilevel systems’ (Academic Press, 1970)9 KASSEM, M.: ‘Fire alarm systems’, MSc. thesis, Dept. of Elec. & Comp. Eng., Concordia University, Montreal, Canada, 198510 LIE, P., and KOTAMARTI, U.: ‘The design of a fire alarm system using microprocessors’, C481 Project, Dept. of Elec. and Comp. Eng., Concordia University,Montreal, Canada, 1986译文基于单片机的火灾探测和监控系统A.J. AI-Khalili, MSc, PhDD. AI-Khalili, MSc, PhDM.S. Khassem, MSc关键词:危险，设计，设备状态监测摘要:火灾探测及报警监控已成为一个复杂而完整的体系。
基于单片机的火灾报警系统的设计
基于单片机的火灾报警系统的设计摘要：本文基于单片机设计了一种火灾报警系统，该系统采用了烟雾探测器和温度探测器实现对火情的监测，并通过报警器发出警报来提示人员及时进行紧急处理。
本文介绍了该系统的硬件设计和软件设计，以及系统的测试和评估结果。
实验结果表明，该系统能够及时准确地检测到异常，提高了火灾安全的管理效率和可靠性。
关键词：单片机；火灾报警系统；烟雾探测器；温度探测器；报警器1. 引言火灾是一种常见的安全事故，对人们的生命财产造成极大的危害。
因此，如何及时发现火警，减少火灾的危害，已成为人们关注的焦点。
火灾报警系统是一种对火警进行快速检测和及时报警的技术手段，其在现代社会中得到了广泛应用。
基于单片机的火灾报警系统具有体积小、成本低和灵活可靠等优点，逐渐成为研究热点。
2. 硬件设计本文设计的火灾报警系统主要由单片机、烟雾探测器、温度探测器、LCD显示器、蜂鸣器和报警器等部分组成。
其中，单片机作为系统的核心部分，负责实现烟雾和温度的监测和控制。
2.1 烟雾探测器烟雾探测器是实现烟雾监测的核心部分。
本文采用的烟雾探测器是SMOKE-SENSOR-3V3型号，其主要原理是通过探测二氧化碳的含量，监测烟雾浓度的变化。
当烟雾浓度达到一定程度时，烟雾探测器会向单片机发送报警信号，单片机驱动蜂鸣器和报警器发出警报。
2.2 温度探测器温度探测器是实现温度监测的核心部分。
本文采用的温度探测器是DS18B20型号，其主要原理是通过热敏电阻测量环境温度的变化。
当环境温度超过一定程度时，温度探测器会向单片机发送报警信号，单片机驱动蜂鸣器和报警器发出警报。
2.3 LCD显示器LCD显示器是显示系统运行状态的重要部分。
本文采用的LCD显示器是16x2型号，它能够显示系统的报警状态、温度值和烟雾浓度等信息。
2.4 报警器和蜂鸣器报警器和蜂鸣器是实现声音报警的核心部分。
本文采用的报警器是声光报警器，其能够发出强烈的警报声音和闪光灯。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译学院：电子与电气工程学院专业：电气工程及其自动化姓名：学号：**********外文出处：IEEE/IET(用外文写)附件： 1.外文资料翻译译文；2.外文原文。
附件1：外文资料翻译译文基于单片机的火灾自动报警系统摘要：本文介绍了基于单片机的自动仓库火灾自动报警系统。
该系统主要由ATmega16的，温度传感器，烟雾传感器，EX-1自动拨通报警模块。
在系统，温度信号转换为串行数据，烟雾信号转化为电压信号。
由MCU的所有数据进行处理。
监控系统检查时，在仓库防火，报警信号被打开，同时消息通过EX-1传送到管理者。
该系统的应用是由仓库经理有效地处理火灾。
关键词：火灾报警传感器，烟雾传感器系统; ATmega16的温度传感器，烟雾传感器1 序言火灾自动报警控制系统经历了一个过程，从简单到复杂和情报系统在中国越来越多。
其特点是自动火灾探测报警技术，随着计算机和检测技术的发展有很大的进步。
目前，火灾自动报警控制系统采用大容量的抽水蓄能电站，商场，高层办公楼，酒店和其他地方。
他们被用在一些更高层次的总线型报警控制系统，智能报警控制方法的一个区域集中的集合，在一些居民区和商业楼宇安装了由单一的火灾自动报警检测装置。
这些检测报警装置，有时失败报告，或误传。
它的可靠性不高，因为使用单一传感器。
因此，需要开发具有结构简单，成本低，可靠性高，响应快的火灾自动检测系统。
2 该系统的一般项目硬件框图如图1所示，由温度传感器，烟雾传感器，信号处理模块，MCU模块和自动报警模块的硬件。
非电气量，是通过传感元件传感器（烟雾传感器和成电信号，信号处理以及信号转换成模拟量，数字量，温度传感器）将现场温度，烟雾等非电信号。
最后，对采样数据进行处理，并与单片机系统的限制。
该系统可以产生本地和远程自动报警信号。
温度传感器烟雾传感器信号处理PD0 PD1SCM自动报警模块电话机图1。
火灾自动报警系统结构3 硬件组件A. Atmega16美国爱特梅尔的微控制器ATmega16单片机所使用的系统。
ATmega16的基于A VR RISC结构的低功耗8位CMOS微控制器提高。
由于其先进的指令集以及单时钟周期指令执行时间，ATmega16的数据吞吐量高达1 MIPS / MHz的。
从而减轻系统在功耗和处理速度之间的矛盾。
ATmega16的有以下特点：16K字节的系统内可编程Flash（读取和写在同一时间，也就是有能力，RWW区），512字节EEPROM，1K字节SRAM，32个通用I / O口线，32个通用工作寄存器，JTAG边界扫描接口，支持片上调试编程，3定时器/计数器（T / C），片内/外中断，可编程串行USART有更灵活的方式，有初始条件探测器通用串行接口，8通道10位具有可选差分输入级可编程增益（TQFP封装）的ADC，片上振荡器的可编程看门狗定时器，一个SPI串行端口，以及六个可以通过软件节电模式选择。
该芯片是以Atmel高密度非易失性内存技术生产的片上ISP Flash允许程序存储器通过ISP串行接口或编程的通用编程，你也可以运行在A VR内核之间的自举程序。
引导程序可以使用任何接口下载申请快闪记忆体领域（应用快闪记忆体）。
应用程序更新Flash存储区时引导Flash区（引导闪存）程序继续运行，RWW区操作实现。
ATmega16的成为一个强大的8位RISC CPU的微控制器和系统单芯片可编程闪存，为许多嵌入式控制应用，提供了一个灵活和具有成本效益的解决方案。
ATmega16的一个编程和系统开发工具集，包括：C语言编译器，宏汇编，程序调试器/软件仿真器，仿真器和评估板。
B. 温度传感器Dallas半导体公司的DS18B20-型单智能温度传感器的温度传感器制造，其性能特点包括：1）该传感器具有单总线专用技术，通过串口电缆，还可以通过其它I / O 口线和电脑接口，无需通过其他转换电路直接输出被测温度值（9位二进制数，用符号位）。
2）温度范围为-55℃〜+125℃，测量分辨率为0。
0625℃。
3）包含64修订通过激光只读存储器ROM。
4）适合各种单片机或系统机。
5）用户可以设置每个温度的上限和下限分道扬镳。
6）包括寄生电源。
DS18B20与主芯片连接图如图2所示：DS18B20的数字一个引脚接地，然后在第三针和第二针，然后5。
1K的上拉电阻，在同一时间，收到了单一的PD0引脚输出信号。
拉是拉电阻器的电流限制在同一时间通过嵌入在高的地方，阻力不确定性的信号。
计划，以确保从DQ引脚处于高阻抗状态开始，让你可以上拉电阻拉来的高DQ的。
在同时主芯片也可以是外部的现场报警蜂鸣器。
图2。
DS18B20与主芯片连接图。
C.烟雾监控模块烟雾传感器选择HIS-07离子烟雾探测器，通过内外电离室电离电子流的流动不平衡时，集电极收费，直到目前的电离平衡。
在无烟或无燃烧，收集受到碰撞电离电流的统计波动，保持平衡的潜力。
电离电流影响烟雾进入电离室，容易进入电离室烟雾外，比内的影响，重新充电，直到新的平衡电位和集电极电流下降电离电离室时，这种潜在的变化可以用触发报警电路。
技术参数如表1。
表I.HIS-07离子烟雾传感器THCHNICAL数据Table Head Table Column head集电极电位减少透光率的4%/英尺 2.2v减少透光率的1%/英尺0.6v电容 6PF平衡电位收集器 5.5±0.3V烟雾信号处理芯片的选择，是摩托罗拉公司的MC14468，DIP16管脚封装的MC14468，包含振荡器，定时器，闩锁，当没有检测到烟雾报警控制逻辑电路，高输入阻抗比较等，MC14468内部振荡器，振荡周期1.67s。
每个1.67s循环内部电源提供整个芯片的工作。
这一切都保持除了指示灯闪烁，电池电压报警器，烟雾报警器检测到任何烟雾。
振荡器的振荡周期变为40ms的MC14448一旦检测烟雾，此时压电蜂鸣器驱动电路开始振荡时，开始能够输出保持高160毫秒后停止在戒烟的变化检测80ms.Continued在这个时候，如果没有检测到烟雾蜂鸣器会不会发出警告声。
在图3中，MC144681针联合PD1引脚单片机作为弱侧蔓延检获15 MC14468内部的逻辑处理电路处理，现场烟雾探测和变化，产生电压变化的离子电流的离子室时，烟雾检测引脚输出高微控制器处理。
13针，然后滑动变阻器时LED闪烁，蜂鸣器响起了刺耳的声音音频报警时，该部门有火灾报警信号，以方便检测的灵敏度。
在图3中，MC144681针联合PD1引脚单片机作为弱侧蔓延检获15 MC14468内部的逻辑处理电路处理，现场烟雾探测和变化，产生电压变化的离子电流的离子室时，烟雾检测引脚输出高微控制器处理。
13针，然后滑动变阻器设置，以方便检测的灵敏度，当LED闪烁和蜂鸣器刺耳的声音响起了一个声音报警，当部门有火灾报警信号。
图3。
烟雾检测电路D.自动拨号报警模块拨号报警模块的选择是EX-1拨号模块是一个DTMF信号的接收，存储和发送作为一体化通信电路。
单片机和拨号管理过程中建立的模块可以为用户提供的各种信号输入和输出端口，防盗报警，信号采集，自动控制，远程通信和信息传输领域，如灵活的应用，。
5组，可以有7个本地电话号码的手机或组存储，掉电不丢失;电话线路状态检测，自动故障信号输出;电话/外部切换两种拨号状态控制;触发时间，9次循环拨号预设号码;独立工作，独立的拨号上网，不依靠电话和其他外部设备。
EX-1接线图，在图4所示，将PD4引脚连接主芯片氚，模块开始拨号报警台PD4输出高电平信号，PD5连接ON/ OFF端子输入是高电平信号打开拨号设置，输入不工作时，此引脚变低，错误连接引脚PD6单片机引脚PD6输出1开始测试是否完成电话线路故障，READY引脚连接单片机的PD7引脚检测和报警，报警结束当PD7引脚是高的。
图4 EX-1接线图4.主程序流程图开始初始化N有烟雾信号？YR0=1收集温度信号N达到报警值？YR1=1READY=1?拨号报警图5。
主程序流程图因为在火灾和阴燃阶段的早期阶段会产生大量的气溶胶粒子和烟雾粒子。
阶段初期火灾的物质在燃烧过程中产生大量的热量，所以应使用烟雾传感器和温度传感器结合，先用烟雾传感器检测是否有烟生成，然后温度传感器检测到的温度，温度传感器报警值设置为50度。
当检测到烟雾R0为1，不吸烟，R0为0。
然后进行测试时的温度，当温度达到季节性预警R1的值是1，季节温度值达到预警R1为0，在这个时候相比，R0和R1等于主芯片拨号报警，如果不等于不报警重新测试。
这烟雾传感器和温度传感器配合使用，大大提高了检测的可靠性，防止漏报，误报，程序流程图如图5所示。
5. 总结自动报警系统的使用温度和烟雾传感器，通过检测现场的温度和烟，合作，可以找到任何在仓库失火，仓库管理人员通过短消息的形式发送消息，在早期。
所以它的应用可以大大减少火灾损失，提高了仓库的安全可靠性比以前单一的火灾报警设备，并防止失败的报告和误导。
该系统具有可靠性高，价格低，灵敏度高。
参考文献[1] 苗顺兵，熊光明，李永平等等火灾自动报警系统的设计与研究，机械制造技术，2006（2），p909。
[2] 良玉葛，办公大楼火灾的智能分析。
[3] 周倜。
建筑消防系统的设计，云南建设，2008（6）。
[4] 霍尼韦尔,建筑设备监控系统，智能建筑与城市信息，2008（4）[5] 德里克·克莱门茨 - Croome，智能建筑设计，管理和操作，托马斯Telford 出版社，2004。
[6] 张华中，火灾自动报警及消防指挥系统基于因特网的联动控制，计算机工程，2001年。
[7] ANSI，辐射能传感的火灾探测器，火灾自动报警信号，美国ANSI/ FMRC FM3260-2004年。
附件2：外文原文（复印件）Automatic fire alarm system based on MCU Abstract: The paper introduced an automatic warehouse fire a1arm system based on MCU. The system was mainly made up of ATmega16, temperature sensors, smoke sensors, and EX-1 auto dialed alarm module. In the system, temperature signals were transformed to serial data, and smoke signals were transformed to voltage signals. All the data were processed by MCU. When the surveillance system checked fire in warehouse, alarm signal was turn on, meanwhile the messages were transmitted to managers through EX-1. Application of the system was convenient to deal with fire in-time, efficiently by warehouse manager.Keywords: fire alarm transducer;smoke sensor system;ATmega16;temperature transducer;smoke sensorI. INTRODUCTIONAutomatic fire alarm control system has experienced a process from the simple to the complex and intelligence system increasingly in China. The characteristic is automatic fire detection and alarm technology has a great progress along with computing and detection technology development. At present, automatic fire alarm control system was used in bulk storage plant, shopping malls, high-level office buildings, hotels and other places. They were used in a number of collections focused on one area of intelligent alarm control method with higher levels of bus-type alarm control system, and in some residential areas and commercial buildings were installed by a single automatic fire alarm detection device. These alarm detection devices fail to report sometimes, or misinformation. Its reliability is not high because of using single sensor. Therefore, it is needed to develop a simple structure, low cost, high reliability, fast responding, automatic fire detection system.II. GENERAL PROJECT OF THE SYSTEMThe hardware block diagram shown in Figure 1, hardware by temperature sensors, smoke sensors, signal processing module, MCU modules and automatic alarm module. Non electrical quantity that is through the sensing element sensors (smoke sensors and temperature sensors) will be on-site temperature, smoke and other non-electrical signal into an electrical signal, as well as signals for signal processing to convert analogquantity to digital quantity. Finally, the sampled data were processed and compared with the limits by MCU system. This system can produce local and remote auto-alarm signals.Temperature IonizationTransducer smoke detectorsignalprocessingPD0 PD1SCMauto alarmmoduleT ephoneelInter f ace…Figure 1. Automatic fire alarm system structureⅢ. THE HARDWARE COMPONENTSA. Atmega16The system used by the U.S. Atmel’s microcontroller ATmega16 microcontroller. ATmega16 is based on the AVR RISC architecture to enhance low-power 8-bit CMOS microcontroller. Because of its advanced instruction set and a single clock cycle instruction execution time, ATmega16 data throughput of up to 1 MIPS / MHz. Thereby mitigate the system in the power and the contradiction between the processing rate. ATmega16 has the following characteristics: 16K bytes in-system programmable Flash (with the ability to read and write at the same time, that is, RWW), 512 bytes EEPROM, 1K bytes SRAM, 32 general-purpose I / O port lines, 32 general-purpose working registers, for the JTAG boundary scan interface, support the on-chip debugging and programming, 3 has a more flexible mode of timer / counter (T / C), chip internal / external interrupts, programmable serial USART, there are initial conditions detector universal serial interface, 8-channel 10-bit with optional differential input stage programmable gain (TQFP package) of the ADC, with on-chip oscillator ofprogrammable watchdog timer, an SPI serial port, as well as six can be selected by software power-saving mode.The chip is based on Atmel high-density nonvolatile memory technology production on-chip ISP Flash allows the program memory through the ISP serial interface or a general-purpose programmer for programming; you can also run on the AVR core among the bootstrap to program. Boot program can use any interface to download the application to the Flash memory area (Application Flash Memory). Application of Flash storage area is updated when the boot Flash area (Boot Flash Memory) program continues to run, RWW operation achieved. ATmega16 to become a powerful microcontroller by 8-bit RISC CPU and the system programmable flash in a single chip, for many embedded control applications provides a flexible and cost-effective solution. ATmega16 has a set of programming and system development tools, including: C language compiler, macro assembler, program debugger / software emulator, emulators and evaluation boards.B. Temperature SensorTemperature sensor manufactured by DALLAS Semiconductor DS18B20-type single intelligence temperature sensor, its performance features include:1)This sensor have single-bus-specific technology, either through the serial port cable also through other I / O port lines and computer interfaces,without going through other conversion circuits Direct output measured temperature value (9-bit binary number, with sign bit).2) Temperature range is -55 ℃ ~ +125 ℃, measurement resolution of 0. 0625 ℃.3) Containing 64 as amended through the laser-read-only memory ROM.4) Fit a variety of SCM or system machine.5) Users can set separate ways each temperature upper and lower limit.6) Includes parasitic power.DS18B20 and the main chip connection diagram shown in Figure 2: DS18B20 number one pin grounded, then on the 3rd pin high and the 2nd pin then a 5. 1K of the pull-up resistor, at the same time received a single output signal of the PD0 pin. Pull-up is to pull the uncertainty signal through a resistor embedded in the high places, resistance at the same time current－limited . Program from the DQ pin in high impedance state to ensure that the beginning, so that you can pull on the pull-up resistor to the high DQ. At the same time the main chip also can be an external site alarm buzzer.Figure 2. ds18b20 and the main chip connection diagram.C. Smoke Monitoring ModuleSmoke sensors choose HIS-07 ion smoke detectors when the flow through the inside and outside the ionization chamber ionization electron flow is unbalanced, collector charges current until the ionization balance. In a smoke-free or non-combustion, the collector being subject to the impact ionization current statistical fluctuation, the potential to maintain a balance. Ionization current have impact when the smoke into the ionization chamber, easily into the ionization chamber smoke outside than inside the ionization chamber of the affected, ionization current decline in and collector to re-charge until the new equilibrium potential, this potential change can be used to trigger the alarm circuit. Technical parameters such as Table 1.TABLE I.HIS-07 ION SMOKE SENSOR THCHNICAL DATATable Head Table Column headEquilibrium potential collector 5.5±0.3VCollector potential with the smokeReduced light rate of 1% / ft 0.6VReduced light rate of 4% / ft 2.2VCapacitor 6PFSmoke signals are processed on the chip of choice is the Motorola company’s MC14468, MC14468 for DIP 16-pin package, contain oscillator, timer, latch, alarm control logic circuit, high input impedance comparator etc. When not detected smoke, MC14468 internal oscillator that oscillation cycle 1.67s. Each 1.67s cycle the internal power supply is provided to the work of the entire chip. It’s all kept detect any smoke in addition to LED flashes, battery voltage alarm and smoke alarm. The oscillator oscillation period becomes 40ms when the MC14448 Once detection smoke, this time piezoelectric buzzer driving circuit to start oscillation, start to be able to output to maintain the high 160 ms after the cessation of 80ms.Continued during the detection of smoke cessation of changes, at this time if not detected smoke beeper will not be issued a warning sound.In figure 3, the MC14468 1 pin joint PD1 pin of SCM when the ion chamber of the ion current as the scene of smoke detection and change, voltage change generation a weak side-spread seized 15, by the MC14468 internal logic processing circuit processing, the smoke is detected by 1 pin-out high microcontroller for processing. 13-pin then slide rheostat is set to facilitate detection sensitivity when the led flashes and the buzzer sounded a piercing sound of an audio alarm when the department has a fire alarm signal-based.In figure 3, the MC14468 1 pin joint PD1 pin of SCM when the ion chamber of the ion current as the scene of smoke detection and change, voltage change generation a weak side-spread seized 15, by the MC14468 internal logic processing circuit processing, the smoke is detected by 1 pin-out high microcontroller for processing. 13-pin then slide rheostat is set to facilitate detection sensitivity when the led flashes and the buzzer sounded a piercing sound of an audio alarm when the department has a fire alarm signal-based.Figure 3.Smoke detection circuitD. Auto-dial alarm moduleDial-up alarm module choices are the EX-1 dial-up module is a DTMF signal receiving, storing, and sending as integration communications circuits. Module built-in microcontroller and dial-up management process can provide users with a variety of signal input and output ports, in security alarm, signal acquisition, automatic control, remote communication and information transmission areas such as flexible application. 5 groups can have cell phone or group of seven local telephone numbers are stored, power-down is not lost; Telephone line status detection, automatic fault signal output ;Telephone / external switching two kinds of dial-up state control; Trigger time, nine times loop dial preset numbers; To work independently, independent dial-up, do not rely on telephone and other external devices.EX-1 wiring diagram shown in figure 4, The PD4 pin to connect the main chip HTO , the module began to dial alarm when PD4 output high level signal, PD5connection ON / OFF pin input is high level signal to open the dial-up settings, the input does not work when this pin become low, ERR pin connected to PD6 pin of MCU, PD6 output 1 begun to test whether the telephone line failure, READY pin connect MCU PD7 pin detection and alarm is completed, the alarm is end when PD7 pin is high .Figure 4. EX-1 wiring diagramIV. SOFIW AREDESIGNstartATmega16InitializeNwhether there aresmoke signals?YR0=1collectiontemperaturesignalwhether the Nalarm value?YR1=1dial-up alarmREADY=1?YFigure 5. The main program flow chartBecause in the early stages of fires and the smoldering phase will produce a large number of aerosol particles and smoke particles .In the stage of incipient fire substancesin the combustion process produces a lot of heat, so should make the smoke sensor and temperature sensor used in conjunction, first with the smoke sensor detects whether there is smoke generation, then the temperature sensor detects the temperature, temperature sensor alarm value is set to 50 degrees. When the smoke is detected R0 is 1, not smoke R0 is 0. Then test the temperature when the temperature reaches the value of seasonal early warning R1 is 1, the value of seasonal temperature not to reach an early warning R1 to 0, at this time compared to the R0 and R1 is equal to the main chip when the dial-up alarm, if not equal is not to alarm re-tested. This smoke sensor and temperature sensor used in conjunction with greatly improved the reliability of detection to prevent the omission of false positives, program flow diagram shown in Figure 5.V. CONCLUSIONBy the cooperation of using of temperature and smoke sensors, through detecting the temperature and smoke on-site, the automatic alarm system could find any fire in warehouse and send the message to managers of warehouse in the early time by the form of short messages. So its application could greatly reduce fire losses and enhanced the safe reliability of warehouse more than the former single equipment of fire alarm, and prevent failing of reporting and misinformation. The system has a high reliability, low price and high sensitivity.REFERENCES[1] Shunning Miao,Guangming Xiong,Yongping Li etc.Automatic Fire Alarm System Design and Research, Equipment Manufacturing Technology, 2006(2), P909.[2] Liang Ge, Qi Cong. Intelligent Analysis of office building fire.[3] Ti Zhou. Building Fire System Design, Yunnan Construction,2008(6).[4] Honeywell (Honeywel1)'s construction equipment Monitoring System, Intelligent Building and City Information, 2008(4).[5] Derek Clements-Croome, Intelligent buildings: design, management and operation, Thomas Telford Publishing, 2004.[6]Zhang Huazhong, Commanding System of Fire Automatic Alarm and Fire Control Linkage based on Internet, Computer Engineering, 2001.[7] ANSI, Radiant Energy-Sensing Fire Detectors for Automatic Fire Alarm Signaling, US: ANSI/FMRC FM3260-2004.。