英语13种时态

过去将来完成时

should / would have done sth.

用法

1、过去将来完成时表示在过去将来某一时间以前发生的动作，并往往会对过去将来某一时间产生影响。

We hoped that she would have got the plan ready before we came back. 我们希望她能在我们回来之前把计划做好。

He said he would let me have the book as soon as he had read it.他说书一看完就借给我。

2、过去将来完成时还常用在虚拟语气中，表示与过去的事实相反。如：

If I had seen him this anteroom, I would have told him about it. 今天下午我要是见到他，我会告诉他那件事的。

九、现在进行时

am / is / are+ doing

用法

1、表示说话时正在进行而未完成的动作或状态。

They are watching TV. 他们正在看电视。

2、表示现阶段正在进行的动作，虽然此时此刻动作不一定正在进行。

They are preparing for the exam these days. 他们这些天正在准备考试。

3、时间、条件等状语从句中代替将来进行时。

If I am sleeping when he comes, wake me up. 如果他来时我在睡觉，叫醒我。

4、与副词always, usually, constantly, forever, continually等连用，表达说话的某种感情色彩。

She is always doing wrong. 她总是做错事。

5、表示按计划安排近期内即将发生的动作，即常表示最近或较近的将来。Come, go, leave, start, arrive等动词常与表示将来时间的状语连用表示“意图”“安排”（但表示固定不变的）或“打算”的含义。如：

What are you doing on Sunday evening? 你周日晚上打算干什么？

Are you coming on Sunday? 你周日来吗？

I must be leaving now. 我现在该走了。

What are you doing after school today？你们今天放学后干什么？

6、口语中某些表示说话的动词，如ask, tell, talk, say等也用现在进行时表示刚刚过去的动作。如：

The woman who you are asking about is over there. 你刚才问的那个女人就在那边。

I don’t know what you are talking about. 我不知道你在讲什么。

7、少数表示心理活动的静态动词如hope, wonder等也可以用现在进行时表示客气的口气。如：

I’m hoping you’ll give us some a dvice. 我希望你能给我们提建议。

I’m wondering if I may go out for a walk with you. 我在想是否可以和你出去散步。

注意：能用现在进行时的动词通常都是表示动作的动词，尤其是表示持续性动作的动词，如：work, study, live, stay, read, write等；不表示持续的行为，而表示知觉、看法、认识、感情、愿望或某种状态的动词通常不用现在进行时。如：see, hear, smell, taste, recognize, notice, forget, remember, understand, know, believe, suppose, mean, love, hate, dislike, forgive, want, refuse, belong to, seem等。

十、过去进行时

构成：was / were + 现在分词

用法

1、表示在过去某一时间正在进行的动作，往往有表示过去的时间状语then, at that time, this time yesterday等，或与过去发生的某事同时发生的动作（即与when, while引出的时间状语从句连用）。

They were talking about a film at six yesterday evening. 昨晚6点他们正在谈论一部电影。

What were you doing at this time last week? 上周的这个时候你在干什么？When the teacher came in, they were talking. 老师尽量时，他们在讲话。

2、表示在过去某一段时间内进行的动作。

They were swimming from two to three yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午2点到3点他们在游泳。

She was watching TV the whole morning. 她整个上午在看电视。

3、表示过去将要发生的动作。

He said he was leaving on Tuesday. 他说他周二动身。

Tom said he was going tomorrow. 汤姆说他明天去。

4、过去进行时有时可表示过去未实现的意愿或打算。

She was leaving the next day but she missed the train. 他本来打算第二天离开，但她没赶上火车。

I was sending him some book this morning but I forget it. 今天早上本想给她寄些书，可以给忘了。

5、用过去进行时描写故事背景。

It was getting dark. The wind was rising. 天渐渐黑了下来，风势增强了。