英语句子成分和五个基本句型

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英语句子成分及五种基本句型

英语句子成分及五种基本句型

七种句子基本成分:
I saw a tall boy take your
主谓
定宾 补
book just now.

五种基本句型:
1 主+谓 2 主+系+表 3 主+谓+宾 4 主+谓+间宾+直宾 5 主+谓+宾+宾补
什么是主语?
1)主语:是一个句子的老大。 是一句的主体,是在句中说明全句中心的部分。 常用名词,代词,不定式,动名词或从句充当担任。一 般放于句首。如:
小结
谓语是句子的躯干,说明主语的动作. 谓语动词随着主语的不同而变化,随着时间的不同而变化,随 着与主语的不同关系( 主动关系和被动关系)而变化,总之,时 时在变.
谓语有三种不同的形式:
1) 动词
They planted many trees on the hill .
2) 情态动词 + 动词 You must stay at home .
主语从句及复合结构
什么是谓语?
谓语:说明主语做了什么,是什么,怎么样 。 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 通常由动词的各种形式来充当,并且和主语 在人称和数上保持一致,一般放在主语之后.
We study English. The little girl dances well. He laughed at his classmates. She looks well.
1. 我们在考虑明天去哪里。 2. 我想知道接下来该做什么。
Tip 3
某些特定的动词习惯于用动名词其宾语, 如:admit,avoid,enjoy,finish,forbid,mind, risk,give up,can't help,look forward to等。

英语句子成分及五种基本句型

英语句子成分及五种基本句型

句子的成分1句子的成分组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。

句子成分包括:主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、宾语补足语、定语和状语。

主语和谓语是句子主体部分(在英文中一般的句子必须有主语和谓语)。

表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语里的组成部分。

其他成分如定语和状语是句子的次要部分。

下面我们分别讲述一下句子的各个成分:1 主语主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。

一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。

它在句首。

We study in No.1 Middle School.(讲述“谁”~)The classroom is very clean. (讲述“什么”很干净)Three were absent.(数词作主语)To teach you English is my job. (不定式作主语)注意不定式作主语时,常用形式主语it句型,因此左例可变为It is my job to teach you English.(真正的主语是to teach them English.)因为这样做可以避免头重脚轻,通常把重点放在后面。

2 谓语说明主语“做什么”,“是什么”或“怎么样”。

谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)必须用动词。

谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。

它在主语后面。

His Parents are doctors. (系动词作谓语)She looks well.(系动词作谓语)We study hard.(实义动词作谓语)He can speak English. (情态动词和实义动词作谓语)3 表语表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的,表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当,它常位于系动词(be, become, appear, seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell等词)之后。

如果句子的表语也是由一个句子充当的,那么这个充当表语的句子就叫做表语从句。

英语简单句(句子成分+5大基本句型+句子结构)

英语简单句(句子成分+5大基本句型+句子结构)
• 5.We should keep our environment clean. 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补
• 6.Many teachers live in another city. 主+谓
1. He likes eggs, but he doesn’t like chickens. 并列句 2. Work hard or you will fall behind. 并列句
4. ---__________ weather it is! We can’t go boating on the Xuanwu Lake.
---Don’t worry. Let’s go to the Science Museum instead. A. What a bad B. How bad C. What bad
选择疑问句中一般用or连接,回答时不能使用 yes或no,而要用一个完整的句子或省略形式。
① —Do you like apples or pears? ② —Which would you like better, tea or coffee?
首页
目录
尾页
直击中考考点
◆反意疑问句
1. 反意疑问句的常见用法 (1) 反意疑问句遵循“前肯后否,前否后肯”的原则。
意为“某人也一样”, 是表示肯定的倒装。 Ou Baizi passed this English exam, so did I .
欧百子通过了这次英语考试,我也通过了。 2. 易混句式:so+主语+助动词/系动词/情态动词。
意为“确实是……”。
—Ouyang Xue dances very well.欧阳雪舞跳得很好。

英语句子成分和五种基本句型

英语句子成分和五种基本句型

句子成份英语句子成分有主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,表语,定语,状语等。

顺序一般是主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,而表语,定语,状语的位置要根据情况而定。

1、主语:表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般位于句首。

但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。

主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。

例如:Country music has become more and more popular.(名词)We often speak English in class.(代词)One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词)To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句)It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)2、谓语:谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征。

可以有不同的时态,语态和语气。

1)简单谓语: We study for the people.2)复合谓语: I can speak a little English. We are reading books. He hasgone to Beijing..3、表语: 它位于系动词(比如be)之后,说明主语身份,特征,属性或状态。

My sister is a nurse.Is it yours?(代词)The weather has turned cold.(形容词)The speech is exciting.(分词)Three times seven is twenty one?(数词)His job is to teach English.(不定式)His hobby(爱好)is playing football.(动名词)The ruler must be in your box.(介词短语)Time is up. The class is over.(副词)The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表语从句)4、宾语: 宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后,We like English.How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(数词)They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名词化形容词)It began to rain.(不定式短语)I enjoy listening to popular music.(动名词短语)I think(that)he is fit for his office.(宾语从句)有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。

英语基本五大句型以及成分讲解

英语基本五大句型以及成分讲解

(五)宾语
• 宾语(Object)表示动作的对象或承受者,一 般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如: 1.He is doing his homework.
(名词)
2.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time. (代词、动名词) 3.How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.
(四)表语
• 表语(Predicative)
• 用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份, 它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。 • 表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、 副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语 及表语从句表示。例如:
(不定式短语)
4.He is in the room making a model plane.
(分词短语)
5.Wait a minute.
(名词)
6.Once you begin, you must continue.
(状语从句)
9种状语种类如下:
1. How about meeting again at six? (时间状语) st night she didn’t go to the dance party (原因状语) because of the rain. 3.I shall go there if it doesn’t rain. (条件状语) 4.Mr Smith lives on the third floor. (地点状语) 5.She put the eggs into the basket with great care. (方式状语)

有关英语语法中句子成分与五种基本句型问题_附有习题与答案

有关英语语法中句子成分与五种基本句型问题_附有习题与答案

英语的基本句型主要有五种,它们是:1、主语——动词——表语2、主语——动词3、主语——动词——宾语4、主语——动词——宾语——宾语5、主语——动词——宾语——补语掌握好这些基本句型,就可以为灵活运用语言打下良好的基础。

下面分别讲解这五种句型。

一、主语——动词——表语在这一句型中,动词是系动词,划线部分为表语。

1.Mr.Brown is an engineer.<名词做表语>2.Gradualy he became silent.<形容词做表语>3.She remained standing for a hour.<现在分词做表语>4.The question remained unsolved.<过去分词做表语>5.The machine is out of order.<介词短语做表语>6.The television was on.<副词做表语>7.His plan is to keep the affair secret.<动词不定式做表语>8.My job is repairing cars.<动名词做表语>9.The question is what you want to do.<从句做表语,即:表语从句>注意:在下面的句子中,形容词做表语,在表语的后面常常接不定式结构。

I'm happy to meet you.They are willing to help.We are determined to follow his example.二、主语——动词在这一句型中,动词为不与物动词与不与物的动词词组。

在有的句子中,不与物动词可以有状语修饰。

1.The sun is rising.2.I'll try.3.Did you sleep well?<well做状语,修饰不与物动词sleep>4.The engine broke down.注意:在此句型中,有少数不与物动词表达被动含义,表达主语本身所具有的特性,不用被动语态。

英语句子成分和五种基本句型

英语句子成分和五种基本句型

以上两个句型可以互换: He gave me a pen.=He gave a pen to me. He will buy me some books.=he will buy some books for me. She made me a cake.=she made a cake for me. 4. “疑问词+不定式”作直宾 He taught me how to read the word. She asked me which way to go. I told him what to do. He asked me why to sing this song.
宾语补足语
在英语中,有些句子里只有宾语并不能表达
完整的意思,还必须在宾语后面加上宾语补 足语才能表达完整的意思。我们把“宾语+宾 语补足语”称为复合宾语。名词、形容词、 副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去 分词都可以做宾语补足语。通常位于宾语之 后。
If
you let me go, I will make you king. Leave the door open. We found Li Ming out when we arrived. Make yourself at home. The manager asked him to wait. I saw her enter the shopping mall. The boss kept him working all day. Yesterday he got his leg broken.

状语
状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。一般表示行
为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义, 常由副词、介词短语、不定式、句子或相当于副 词的词或短语来表示。一般放在句末,有时可以 放在句首、句中。 He did it carefully. Without his help, we couldn’t work it out. (In order) to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard. Just as I was leaving, the phone rang again.

英语句子成分及五大基本句型精讲

英语句子成分及五大基本句型精讲

英语五种基本结构和句子成分含义一、五种基本句型1.“主语+ 谓语”(即“主谓”句型)这一句型英汉语言结构形式完全相同,说明“某人或某物如何动作”,或者说“某人或某物自身怎样运动”。

例:He often runs before breakfast.分析:”He”(主语) runs(谓语)此句型结构中的谓语动词一般为不及物动词或不及物动词短语。

2.“主语+ 谓语+ 宾语”(即“主谓宾”句型)这一句型英汉语言的结构形式完全相同,用以说明“某人或某物做什么事情”,或者说“某人或某物发出了动作,并且其动作涉及到另一个人或物”。

例:I study English.分析:“I”(主语)“study”(谓语动作)“English”(宾语即动作涉及的对象)。

此句型中的谓语动词一般为及物动词或及物动词短语。

例:He can take care of himself.3.“主语+ 谓语+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语”(即“主谓双宾”句型)这一句型英汉语序结构相同,说明“某人为谁(间接宾语为人)做某事”,或者说“某人或物的运动涉及到两个对象,其中一个间接对象为人,另一个为物”。

例:Our teacher taught us English.分析:“our teacher”(主语)“taught”(谓语动作)“us”(间接宾语)“English”(直接宾语)。

4.“主语+ 谓语+ 宾语+ 宾语补足语”(即“主谓宾宾补”句型)这一句型说明“某人或某物要求(使、让)某人做什么”或“某人感觉某人或物怎么样”。

例:Our teacher asks us to write a short story..分析:“our teacher”(主语)“asks”(谓语动作)“us”(宾语即动作涉及的对象)“to write a short story”(补语--补充说明宾语做什么)。

5.“主语+ 系动词+ 表语”(即“主系表”句型)这一句型用以说明“某人(某物、某事、某种概念)具有什么特征或处于什么状态”。

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名 词.单词作定语时通常放在它所修 (五)定语 是修饰___ 前 饰的名词之_____ ;短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰 的名词之_____ 后 。
名词 They are woman workers. Tom's father didn't write home until yesterday. 名词所有格 形容词 adj Mary is a beautiful girl.. 数词 The play has three acts. 形容词 /序数词 /to do 不定式 This is her first trip to Europe. China is a developing country. 现在分词 doing I have nothing to eat. to do 不定式 Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here. 从句
七)宾语补足语。英语有些及物动词,除了要有宾语之 外,还要加上宾语补足语,才能使句子的意义完整。

They elected me captain of the team. 名词 We try to make our country strong. 形容词 We found everything in good order there.介词短语 I should advise you to get the chance. to do 不定式 I saw him going upstairs. 现在分词 doing They found the house broken in. done 过去分词
3.主语 + 谓语 + 宾语
1)The boss employed five more workers. 主语 谓语 宾语 2)My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. 3)Few students like taking exams. 4)He forgot to close the door. 5)I hope I can speak English fluently.
任何一个句子,都必须拥有自己的 主语和谓语!
归纳 简单句的五个基本句型 The train has arrived. 主语 +谓语 He seems quite reliable. 主语+系动词+表语 We are learning how to survive, how 主语+谓语+宾语 to be and how to learn at school. 主语+谓语+间宾+直宾. She told me how to deal with the difficulty. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补. His noble example inspired the rest of 只要同学们能按照五个句型,就能写出正确的 us to greater efforts. 句子啦。


这个计划证明是可行的。 ____________________________________. The plan turned out/proved (to be) practical.
2.主语 + 谓语
1)Building has started. 主语 谓语 2)The train leaves at 7:40. 主语 谓语 动词副词 ______搭配:The teacher teaches well. The child walks very slowly. 动词介词 _____搭配: The girl looked at the picture. The children ran to the forest.
Exercise

他违反了交通规则。 He broke the traffic rules. _________________________________.
他拿出一瓶啤酒,很快将其喝光。 He took out a bottle of beer and drank it up _________________________________. quickly. 他许诺给我一个礼物。 _________________________________. He promised to give me a gift.
英语的句子成分:


一) 主语: 名词 Walls have ears. 代词 He will take you to the hospital. 数词 Three plus four equals seven. to do不定式 To see is to believe. doing动名词 Smoking is not allowed in public places. 动词/动词短语 Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. 句子 二)谓语由__助动词或情态动词 ___________担任。加其他动词的适当形 式也构成谓语动词。 Action speaks louder than words. The chance may never come again. Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994.
prove(to be)
Exercises

你的故事听起来很有趣。 You story sounded very interesting. ____________________________________.
树叶在秋天会变黄。 ____________________________________. Leaves turn yellow in fall. 这种炎热的天气将会保持几天。 The hot day will remain/stay/ keep a few days. ____________________________________.
Exercise

我每天起的很早,走到小花园,坐在凳子上。
Every day I get up early, walk to the park and sit on the bench.

小鸟在树上欢快的歌唱,鱼儿在池塘 里自由的嬉戏,我玩得也高兴.
The birds sing happily in the tree, the fish play freely in the pool and I also enjoy myself.

六)状语 状语表示地点、时间、原因、目 的、结果、条件、让步、伴随情况等。

The best fish swim near the bottom. 地点状语 I left the village five years ago. 时间状语 I arrived late because of the traffic jam . 原因状语 We'll send a car to fetch you. 目的状语 The fish can eat a person in two minutes , leaving 结果状语 only bones The students came into the classroom, singing and dancing. 伴随状语 If he goes, so will I . 条件状语 Though he is a child, he knows a lot. 让步状语
系动词、连系动词 之后。 三)表语 它的位置在_______________ 性质 特征 状态 是用来说明主语的_______,______, _______ 的.
名词 n My father is a professor. 代词 pron Who's that? It's me. Everything here is expensive. 形容词 adj The match became very exciting. adj The story of my life may be of help to others. 介词短语 Three times five is fifteen. 数词 His plan is to seek work in the city. to do不定式 My first idea was that you should hide your feelings. 句子
一、介绍与其重要性

句子是写作的基本单位,只有写好句子才有可 能写好文章。英语的句子成分有八种:
主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、 定语、状语、主语补足语和宾语补足语。
●学会判断句子成分对以后学习难句奠定了基础。
英语句子的构成也有其特定的规律,掌握了句子 的基本句型、常见句式和词语的习惯搭配, 就能写出完整、正确的句子。
二.五种简单句基本句型
主语+系+表语 主语+谓语

及物动词
系动词
动词
不及物动词

主语+谓语+宾语 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
1.主语 + 系动词 + 表语
1)Our city is at the crossing of some important railways. 主语 系动词 表语 2)The city will become rich. 主语 系动词 表语 在这类结构中最常用的系动词是: “变化”类: get/ become/ turn/grow/go __________________________________________. “感官”类: taste/ smell/ feel/look/sound __________________________________________. “持续”类: stay/ keep/remain ___________________________________________. 其他:(似乎)________ _______ (证明是)_________ Seem appear turn out/
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