英语句子成分及基本句型
英语句子成分和五种基本句型
句子成份英语句子成分有主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，表语，定语，状语等。
顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。
1、主语：表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
例如：Country music has become more and more popular.（名词）We often speak English in class.（代词）One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）2、谓语：谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。
可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。
1)简单谓语： We study for the people.2)复合谓语： I can speak a little English. We are reading books. He hasgone to Beijing..3、表语: 它位于系动词(比如be)之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。
My sister is a nurse.Is it yours?（代词）The weather has turned cold.（形容词）The speech is exciting.（分词）Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）His job is to teach English.（不定式）His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词）The ruler must be in your box.（介词短语）Time is up. The class is over.（副词）The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）4、宾语: 宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，We like English.How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词）They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）It began to rain.（不定式短语）I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。
英语句子成分及五种基本句型
1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。
2. The dinner smells good.
午餐的气味很好。
3. Everything looks different.
一切看来都不同了。
4. He is growing tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮
什么可以作谓语？
We love China. We have finished reading this book. He can speak English.
及物动词 vt
My mother usually gets up early. The boy often plays in his yard. 不及物动词 vi
基本句型3: 主+谓+宾
例句 他时常弹吉他。 A
例句B 我想喝杯茶。
例句C 我不知道什么时候离开这儿。
例句 我承认伤害了你。 D
Tip 1
某些特定的动词习惯于用动词不定式作为其宾语，如: attempt，decide，expect，hope，learn，need， pretend，promise，refuse，want，wish等
I’d like to have some coffee.
动词不定式
I enjoy working with you.
动名词
I think you are right.
宾语从句及复合宾语
I really don’t know what to do next.
思考： 一个句子中若可以存在宾语，其谓语动词应该具备 什么特点呢？
基本句型3: 主+谓+宾
句子成分及基本句型
英语的基本成分有：主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，补语，同位语。
句子分为简单句，并列句和复合句。
简单句又有五种类型：主+谓，主语+谓语+宾语，主语+系动词+表语，主语+谓语+宾语+宾补, 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语。
主语是句子所要描述的对象，是最主要的成分。
可以做主语的有：名词，代词，数词，不定时，Ing形式，从句等。
Our school is very beautiful. / That is all I need. / Three is enough for both of us. /To make great progress is not easy. Seeing is believing. /That he did not give in his homework on time made the teacher disappointed.谓语表述主语的动作或所处的状态，是英语时态、语态变化的主角, 一般在主语之后。
不及物动词后面不加宾语，也没有被动。
Time is running out. We run out of the time.表语与系动词构成复合结构，用来说明主语的特征，属性，状态，身份等。
系动词分两类: be, look, keep, stay, remain, seem 等表情况; get, grow, become, turn等表变化。
还有感官动词look ，sound, feel ，smell等。
单词，短语，从句都可作表语。
The world is a book. （名词做表语）You are many, but they are few. 代词she was the first to arrive but the last to leave. 数词Please feel free to say what you really think. 形容词My wish is to be a good teacher. 不定式.Is anybody in ? 副词宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语，直接宾语是动作的承受者或结果，Who know the answer? / I need help. 间接宾语表示动作是对谁做或为谁做的。
英语句子成分和五种基本句型
以上两个句型可以互换： He gave me a pen.=He gave a pen to me. He will buy me some books.=he will buy some books for me. She made me a cake.=she made a cake for me. 4. “疑问词+不定式”作直宾 He taught me how to read the word. She asked me which way to go. I told him what to do. He asked me why to sing this song.
宾语补足语
在英语中，有些句子里只有宾语并不能表达
完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面加上宾语补 足语才能表达完整的意思。我们把“宾语+宾 语补足语”称为复合宾语。名词、形容词、 副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去 分词都可以做宾语补足语。通常位于宾语之 后。
If
you let me go, I will make you king. Leave the door open. We found Li Ming out when we arrived. Make yourself at home. The manager asked him to wait. I saw her enter the shopping mall. The boss kept him working all day. Yesterday he got his leg broken.
状语
状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。一般表示行
为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义， 常由副词、介词短语、不定式、句子或相当于副 词的词或短语来表示。一般放在句末，有时可以 放在句首、句中。 He did it carefully. Without his help, we couldn’t work it out. (In order) to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard. Just as I was leaving, the phone rang again.
英语句子成分及五大基本句型精讲
英语五种基本结构和句子成分含义一、五种基本句型1.“主语+ 谓语”(即“主谓”句型)这一句型英汉语言结构形式完全相同，说明“某人或某物如何动作”，或者说“某人或某物自身怎样运动”。
例：He often runs before breakfast.分析：”He”(主语) runs(谓语)此句型结构中的谓语动词一般为不及物动词或不及物动词短语。
2.“主语+ 谓语+ 宾语”(即“主谓宾”句型)这一句型英汉语言的结构形式完全相同，用以说明“某人或某物做什么事情”，或者说“某人或某物发出了动作，并且其动作涉及到另一个人或物”。
例：I study English.分析：“I”(主语)“study”(谓语动作)“English”(宾语即动作涉及的对象)。
此句型中的谓语动词一般为及物动词或及物动词短语。
例：He can take care of himself.3.“主语+ 谓语+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语”(即“主谓双宾”句型)这一句型英汉语序结构相同，说明“某人为谁(间接宾语为人)做某事”，或者说“某人或物的运动涉及到两个对象，其中一个间接对象为人，另一个为物”。
例：Our teacher taught us English.分析：“our teacher”(主语)“taught”(谓语动作)“us”(间接宾语)“English”(直接宾语)。
4.“主语+ 谓语+ 宾语+ 宾语补足语”(即“主谓宾宾补”句型)这一句型说明“某人或某物要求(使、让)某人做什么”或“某人感觉某人或物怎么样”。
例：Our teacher asks us to write a short story..分析：“our teacher”(主语)“asks”(谓语动作)“us”(宾语即动作涉及的对象)“to write a short story”(补语--补充说明宾语做什么)。
5.“主语+ 系动词+ 表语”(即“主系表”句型)这一句型用以说明“某人(某物、某事、某种概念)具有什么特征或处于什么状态”。
英语句子成分及简单句5种基本句型
英语句子成分及简单句5种基本句型一、英语句子成分根据英语词汇在英语句子中的地位和作用, 英语句子的成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语、同位语及独立成分等。
其中，主语和谓语是句子的主要成分，一般情况下，一个句子不能缺少这两种成分。
现将不同句子成分的用法列举如下：1. 主语：表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，置于句首。
如：It's getting cold. 天冷起来了。
Now everything is ready. 现在一切都准备好了。
The teacher is very kind to us. 老师对我们很好。
2. 谓语：说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征，由动词或动词短语充当，位于主语之后。
如：Mother bought me a birthday present. 妈给我买了个生日礼物。
We have finished our work already. 我们已经完成了工作。
3. 表语：表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征，一般由名词、形容词、或相当于名词、形容词的词、短语或句子充当，位于系动词之后，形成英语独有的主系表结构。
如：Be careful! 小心!All the students are lovely. 所有的学生都很可爱。
He looks very angry. 他看上去很生气。
4. 宾语：指动作所涉及的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，位于动词之后。
如：He wrote many plays. 他写了许多剧本。
She loves swimming. 她喜欢游泳。
5. 宾语补足语：用来对宾语进行补充和说明，一般由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或非谓语动词充当。
如：He told us to stay. 他叫我们留下。
I've never seen her dancing. 我从未看见过她跳舞。
英语句子成分及简单句5种基本句型
英语句子成分及简单句5种基本句型英语句子成分及简单句5种基本句型一、英语句子成分根据英语词汇在英语句子中的地位和作用, 英语句子的成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语、同位语及独立成分等。
其中，主语和谓语是句子的主要成分，一般情况下，一个句子不能缺少这两种成分。
现将不同句子成分的用法列举如下：1. 主语：表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，置于句首。
如：It's getting cold. 天冷起来了。
Now everything is ready. 现在一切都准备好了。
The teacher is very kind to us. 老师对我们很好。
2. 谓语：说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征，由动词或动词短语充当，位于主语之后。
如：Mother bought me a birthday present. 妈给我买了个生日礼物。
We have finished our work already. 我们已经完成了工作。
3. 表语：表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征，一般由名词、形容词、或相当于名词、形容词的词、短语或句子充当，位于系动词之后，形成英语独有的主系表结构。
如：Be careful! 小心!All the students are lovely. 所有的学生都很可爱。
He looks very angry. 他看上去很生气。
4. 宾语：指动作所涉及的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，位于动词之后。
如：He wrote many plays. 他写了许多剧本。
She loves swimming. 她喜欢游泳。
5. 宾语补足语：用来对宾语进行补充和说明，一般由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或非谓语动词充当。
如：He told us to stay. 他叫我们留下。
I've never seen her dancing. 我从未看见过她跳舞。
英语的句子成分及五大基本句型
基本句型二：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｐ.（主＋系＋表） 这种句型结构主要指谓 语动词为连系动词的情况。 如： She is Peter's sister. 她是彼得的妹妹。 That dog looks dangerous. 那只狗看起来很危险。
基本句型三： Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ（主＋谓＋宾） 英语中绝大多数及物 动词只带一个宾语，这种动词叫单宾语及物动词。 如： Everyone likes him. 大家都喜欢他。 We study English and French. 我们学习英语和法语。
定语：定语为句子的次要成分，起修饰限制名词或代词的作用， 可分为前置定语和后置定语。一般由形容词性物主代词、数词、 形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词(短语) 或句子充 当。 例： His father is a doctor. 他父亲是一名医生。 Mr. Green has two sons. 格林先生有两个儿子。 The girl under the tree is Kate. 在树底下的那个女孩是凯特。 The man downstairs couldn’t sleep well. I bought a new dictionary. 我买了本新字典。 Can you find out the answer to the question？ A barking dog seldom bites. 吠狗很少咬人。 A man going to die is always kind-hearted. The suggestion sent to the committee was adopted. Do you know the man who is standing next to Mr. Green?
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英语句子成分及基本句型句子成分A. 主语（Subject）主语是一句话的中心。
除祈使句外，主语是句子中不可缺少的成分。
主语表示句子中所说的是“谁”或“什么”。
Jane is good at playing the piano.She went out in a hurry.Thirteen is regarded as an unlucky number by some people.To see is to believe.Smoking is bad for health.The young should respect the old.What he has said is true.B. 谓语（Predicate）谓语表示主语的动作或状态，分为简单谓语与复合谓语两种。
简单谓语由动词或动词词组组成；复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词。
I saw the flag on the top of the hill?He looked after two orphans.He can speak English well.C. 表语（Predicative）在系动词后的部分就是表语,说明主语的状态等。
常见的系动词有be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,look,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become, get, grow,come, go etc.系动词不用于被动语态.The apple tastes sweet.The war was over.They seem to know the truth.Time is precious.I’m not quite myself today.Who was the first?He is out of condition.The book is what I need.D. 宾语（Object）宾语是动作行为的对象，说明主语“做什么”。
宾语分为直接宾语（Direct Object）和间接宾语(Indirect Object)。
直接宾语常指物,间接宾语常指人。
Give him a cup of coffee.E.宾语补足语（Object Complement）是用在宾语之后补充宾语情况的成分。
I found the book interesting.Do you smell something burning?He made himself known to them.She asked me to lend her a hand.Please make yourself at home.Please keep the dog out.We must keep it a secret.F．定语（Attribute）定语修饰名词或代词。
He is a clever boy.His father works in a steel work.There are 54students in our class.Do you known Betty’ｓsister?There is a sleeping baby in bed.His spoken language is good.I met a friend on my way home.G．状语（Adverbial）用于修饰形容词,副词,动词,介词短语或句子.可表示时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,方式,伴随,条件,程度,让步,频率等。
I will be back in a while.They are playing on the playground.He was late because he got up late.He got up so late that I missed the train.I waited to see you.He often went to school by bus.His parents died, leaving him an orphan.Please call me if it is necessary.This book is very interesting.He went to school in spite of his illness.He always comes late to school.讲出划线部分的句子成分：1．Her suggestion sounds quite reasonable.2．I have a lot to say on this matter.3．Please give me some advice.4．She is quite all right now.5． A lonely person is always alone.6． A fat, sandy-haired boy in jeans came to see Miss White.7．To travel abroad one must have a passport.8．He has brought back a book reporting on animal life.9. The setting sun shone on her face, lighting it up with a rosy glow.10. Isn’t it wonderful that the Chinese Team won?1.2 基本句型(Basic Sentence Patterns)(1)第一基本句型 SV I teach.(2)第二基本句型SVP I am a teacher.(3)第三基本句型SVO I teach English.(4)第四基本句型SVOO I teach you English.(5)第五基本句型SVOC I encourage you to learn English better.分析句子结构:1．What you said made me happy.2．Could you give me some advice on how to learn English well?3．After he finished his homework, he went away.4. He likes pop music.5. I stayed awake until 11:30 one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself.6. Anne named her diary kitty because she thought it was her best friend.7. I find painting or drawing very relaxing.8. It is the young girl who was singing songs on the stage when we entered the hall yesterday that will havetaught all of us both English and French for three years by the end of this year.各成分1．主语(名词代词形)：句子的主体，是谓语陈述，说明的对象。
If you want the rainbow you have to put up with the rain.不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹。
The secret of success is to start from scratch and keep on scratching.成功的秘诀在于从磨练开始，并要坚持不断磨练。
充当主语的形式：1）名词2）代词3）名词短语4）名词从句5）数词6）不定式7）-ing形式8）介词短语（少见）形式主语（名词从句，不定式，动名词）（见第六讲主语和宾语）2．谓语：表示主语的行为或进行的活动。
I have a dream.You don’t always want what you need, or need what you want.所需之物未必皆所欲，所欲未必皆所需。
谓语形式：动词（英语句子的灵魂）3．宾语：行为或活动的对象，接受者或受影响者。
You don’t find opportunities…you make them.你找不到机会。
你得去创造机会。
You probably won’t hear opportunity knock if your television is always on.如果你常开着电视，你就可能听不到机会的敲门声。
充当宾语形式：1）名词2）代词3）名词短语4）名词从句5）数词6）不定式7）-ing形式形式宾语（名词从句，不定式，动名词）（见第六讲主语和宾语）4．表语：说明主语的身份和情况。
(跟在系动词后)Time is money.Three o’clock is always too late or too early for anything you want to do.你想做什么事，三点钟总是太早或太迟。
构成形式：1）名词2）形容词3）代词4）数词5）不定式6）ing形式7）过去分词8）副词9）介词短语10）小品词11）名词从句5．补语：补充说明。
（由动词类别来决定）构成形式：1）名词2）代词3）形容词4）数词5）不定式6）-ing形式7）过去分词8）介词短语9）副词小品词10）名词从句主语补语Tom was made monitor.宾语补语I made Tom monitor.表语补语I am sure to succeed.6. 定语：对名词性形式进行范围限定。
This is beautiful music. There are only t wo kinds of music…good and bad. 自古音乐分两种，好的和坏的。
构成形式：1）限定词2）形容词3）名词4）数词5）不定式6）-ing形式7）过去分词8）介词短语9）副词10）关系从句7. 同位语：对被修饰对象进行补充说明或进一步解释。
Puff, the magic dragon, lived by the sea.构成形式：1）名词2）代词3）名词短语4）数词5）不定式6）-ing形式7）名词从句8. 状语：修饰词，短语，从句和整句。
位置：自由自在。
1）修饰性状语：修饰动词，形容词，副词等（时间，地点，肯定，否定，程度，频度，方式，伴随，原因，目的，比较等）。