(中英文)针灸穴位定位
针灸中英文对照
1刺手，押手According to the records in ancient Chinese literatures such as Lingshu (Miraculous Pivot), Nanjing (The Yellow Emperor's Canon of 81 Difficult Issues), Jinzhen fu (Odes to Golden Needles) and Zhenjiu Dacheng (Compendium of Acupuncture and Moxibustion), the importance of pressing hand has been always stressed. The role of the pressing hand can irreplaceable by the puncturing hand. The touching and pressing with the pressing hand assist on the accurate location of acupoint2进针Needle insertion can be performed with the aid of an ultrasound (US) image. Detecting the position of a needle in a US image requires considerable technical expertise. To detect whether the needle has reached the target, the physician usually relies on physically sensing the amount of force being fed back from the tip of the needle to their fingertip. The goal of our research was to develop a force visualization system to assist physicians by providing them with a visual representation of the needle tip force. In this paper, we elucidated the characteristics of the force during the needle insertion, and designed the friction force estimation method. Needle tip force is difficult to estimate directly. The total insertion force acting on the needle was defined by adding the needle tip force... to the friction force of the needle surface. Therefore, we proposed a method of estimating the change in the friction force by measuring the total insertion force during needle insertion using recursive least square method and a disturbance observer. The needle tip and friction forces were modeled on the basis of the results of in vitro experiments used pork back ribs. The experiments performed using the coaxial needle. This needle could measure the total insertion force and the needle tip force separately in real time. The validity of the designed estimator was evaluated by using the force values obtained by using a coaxial needle. As a result, the estimated friction force and measured friction force were found to be qualitatively consistent. However, a slight error was observed3毫针刺法Conclusion Treatments on pediatric functional dyspepsia by pricking needling with filiform needles are simple and convenient, the therapeutic efficacy is accurate, and it deserves further generalization.4针刺的角度，深度The anatomic structure at the acupoint decides the direction, angle and depth of needle insertion in a certain degree. And at the same time, the former 3 factors inf luence the indications and therapeutic effect of points. Take Xiàguān (下关ST 7) as an example, traditional acupuncture technique is applied for treatment of toothache and facial paralysis. While, it is still used for rhinitis, allotriogeusia and trigeminal neuralgia The direction, angle and depth of needle insertion are confirmed accurately basedon the deep anatomic features (it is the stimulation point at the superficial part of the body which reflect pterygopalatine fossa and trunk of trigeminal nerve), the stimulating method and technique of the local structure. Stimulation technique with accurate direction, angle and depth of needle insertion for acupuncture in supraorbital foramen, infraorbital foramen and foramen mental should be taken as references if Yúyāo (鱼腰EX-HN 4), Sìbái (四白ST 2) and Jiáchéngjiāng (夹承浆Extra) are adopted for trigeminal neuralgia. With the extensive application of modern anatomy and physiology, the indications of acupoints expanded. It becomesa key subject for us to study how to perfect pain reliving with acupuncture through optimization of the direction, angle and depth of needle insertion on acupoints or other points on the base of traditional acupuncture theory and method with the combination of the anatomic structure and physiological features of acupoints.On one hand, indications of acupoints vary according to the depth of needling. And on the other hand, different therapeutic effects can be observed when depth of insertions diverse. The principles on depth of needle insertion has long been proposed in Suwen: Ciyao Lun (《素问•刺要论》Plain Questions: Essential of Acupuncture ) that “The extents of severeness of disease are different, and in treating, the depth of pricking should also be different. In treating, the pricking should reach the depth where it ought to be, and must not exceed the proper criterion.”However, most of the indications of acupoints on textbooks are indications of the muscle layer with perpendicular needle insertion, including indicationsof pain syndromes. Therefore, what depth of insertion can lead to the best effect of analgesia remains as a to studies, both shallow and deepacupuncture have good therapeutic effect for most of the pain syndromes. However, the results of comparison studies on treatment of deep injury of soft tissues with shallow and deep acupuncture are not unified or mutual contradictive. Some of the results show that deep acupuncture is better than regularacupuncture, while others indicate that the effect of deep acupuncture and shallow acupuncture are the same。
刺灸、腧穴、经络部分英语表达
刺灸、腧穴、经络部分英语表达刺灸针needle针刺手法needling techniques针刺补泻reinforcing and reducing techniques for needling 行针manipulating the needle提lifting插thrusting捻swirling转rotating皮内针intradermal needle头针scalp-acupuncture水针hydro-acupuncture耳针ear-acupuncture针感needling sensation针刺麻醉acupuncture anesthesia灸法moxibustion艾绒moxa woool化脓灸blistering moxibustion瘢痕灸scarring moxibustion艾炷灸moxibustion with moxa cone灯火灸lamp moxibustion温针灸warm needling method腧穴井穴Jing-Well acupoint荧穴Ying-Spring acupoint输穴Shu-Stream acupoint经穴Jing-River acupoint合穴He-Sea acupoint原穴the Yuan-Source acupoint络穴the Luo-Connecting acupoint郗穴the Xi-Cleft acupoint奇穴the Extra acuoint八脉交会穴the Eight Confluent acupoint交会穴the Crossing acupoint八会穴the Eight Influential acupoint下合穴the Lower He Sea acupoint募穴Front-mu acupoint背腧穴Back-shu acupoint附注：经穴采用音译附上所在经的英文简写并标明为该经的第几个穴位。
针灸英语介绍带翻译
针灸英语介绍带翻译Acupuncture: An Introduction to Traditional Chinese Medicine。
针灸，传统中医的介绍。
Acupuncture is a traditional Chinese medicine technique that involves the insertion of thin needles into specific points on the body to stimulate the flow of energy or Qi. This practice has been used for thousands of years to treat a variety of health conditions and is still widely used today.针灸是一种传统的中医技术，它涉及将细针插入身体特定的穴位来刺激能量或气的流动。
这种做法已经被用于治疗各种健康问题数千年，并且今天仍然被广泛使用。
According to traditional Chinese medicine, the body has a network of meridians or channels through which Qi flows. When there is an imbalance or blockage in the flow of Qi,it can result in pain, illness, or other health problems. Acupuncture aims to restore the balance and flow of Qi by stimulating specific points on the body.根据传统中医学的理论，人体有一组经络或通道，通过这些通道气流动。
当气的流动出现不平衡或阻塞时，就会导致疼痛、疾病或其他健康问题。
who西太区标准《针灸经穴定位》人体分区术语
《Who西太区标准《针灸经穴定位》人体分区术语》一、引言在传统中医学中，针灸疗法作为一种重要的治疗方式，广泛应用于临床中。
而要准确地施行针灸疗法，首先需要对人体的经络和穴位有准确的理解和定位。
近年来，Who西太区标准《针灸经穴定位》人体分区术语被广泛认可和采用，成为了临床针灸治疗的重要参考。
二、Who西太区标准《针灸经穴定位》人体分区术语的概述Who西太区标准《针灸经穴定位》人体分区术语，即WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region，是由世界卫生组织（WHO）在西太区领域内发布的一套针灸经穴定位的标准术语。
该标准术语主要包括了人体的经络和穴位，涉及到的范围广泛，内容丰富，对于临床实践和科研具有重要的指导意义。
三、Who西太区标准《针灸经穴定位》人体分区术语的主要内容1. 经络：Who西太区标准《针灸经穴定位》人体分区术语对人体的经络进行了详细的描述和定位。
经络是人体内部的一种气血运行通道，贯穿全身，直接影响人体的健康状况。
该标准术语通过明确的文字和图表，准确地标注了人体的经络走向和路径，为针灸师的实际操作提供了重要的参考。
2. 穴位：除了经络，Who西太区标准《针灸经穴定位》人体分区术语还对人体的各种穴位进行了准确定位和描述。
穴位是人体上的一些特定点位，是针灸治疗的重要位置。
该标准术语通过对穴位的具体位置、名称、特征和功能等方面进行了详细描述，使得针灸师在实际操作中能够更加准确地找到穴位，并发挥出治疗的效果。
3. 分区术语：Who西太区标准《针灸经穴定位》人体分区术语还对人体进行了相应的分区划分。
这些分区术语包括了头部、颈部、胸部、腹部、四肢等不同的部位，为针灸师在实践中的操作提供了更多的细节和权威性指导。
四、个人观点和理解Who西太区标准《针灸经穴定位》人体分区术语的发布，为临床针灸治疗提供了统一的标准和规范，这无疑是一件好事。
针灸推拿学专业英语
diaphragm 膈abdomen 腹sagittal section 矢状位coronal section 冠状位transverse section 横断面clavicie 锁骨scapula 肩胛骨radius 桡骨ulna 尺骨hip 髋thigh 大腿leg 小腿joint cavity 关节腔capsule 关节囊sensory 感觉motor 运动neurone 神经元Indications 适应症therapeutic effect 疗效contraindications 禁忌症Differentiation 辩证Reinforcing 补Reducing 泻p10绪论:包括四个方面:经脉络脉腧穴刺灸手法It includes four aspects, i.e. the meridian and collaterals,acupoints,manipulating methods and clinical treatments. Plain Question 素问Canon of Medicine 内经Miraculous Pivot(Lingshu) 灵枢Classic on Medical problems 难经A-B Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion 针灸甲乙经Compendium of Acupuncture and Moxibustion 针灸大成”For the fullness and oppression due to cold in Zang-organs,moxibustion is indicated to be applied.” 脏寒生满病,其治宜灸焫经络定义The Meridians and collaterals are the passages through which Qi and blood can be conducted.The meridians and collaterals pertain to the Zang-fu organs interiorly and extend to the extremities and jointsexteriorly,integrating the Zang,Fu,tissues and organs into an organic whole经络内属于腑脏,外络于肢节,使脏腑筋肉组织成为一个有机整体the Twelve Regular Meridians 十二正经the Eight Extra Meridians 奇经八脉the Twelve Divergent Meridians 十二经别the Twelve Muscle Regions十二筋经the Twelve Cutaneous Regions 十二皮部the Fifteen Collaterals 十五络脉medial aspects 内侧lateral aspects 外侧anterior 前medium 中posterior 后pertain to 属Zang-organs 脏Communicate 络Fu-organs 腑The lung Meridian 肺经(手太阴)The Large Intestine Meridian 大肠经(手阳明)The Stomach Meridian 胃经(足阳明)The Spleen Meridian 脾经(足太阴) The Heart Meridian 心经(手少阴)The Small Intestine Meridian 小肠经(手太阳)The Bladder Meridian 膀胱经(足太阳)The kidney Meridian 肾经(足少阴) The Pericardium Meridian 心包经(手厥阴)The Sanjiao Meridian 三焦经(手少阳)The Gallbladder Meridian 胆经(足少阳)The Liver Meridian 肝经(足厥阴) 4. The Twelve Divergent MeridiansThe Twelve Divergent Meridians strengthen the connections between the Zang and Fu organs by the distribution of branching out from the Twelve Regular Meridians.5. The Twelve Muscle RegionsThe Twelve Muscle Regions(or called musculartendons) are the conduits, which distribute the Qi of the Twelve Regular Meridians to the muscles,tendons and joints.6.The Twelve Cutaneous RegionsThe Cutaneous Regions are within the domains of the Twelve Regular Meridians.Since the Cutaneous Regions are the most superficial part of the body tissues,they render protection to the organism,resist exopathogens and reflectpathogenic changes.P22 specific points (特定穴)Five-shu Point, Yuan-primary Point, Luo-connecting Point, Xi-cleft point, Back-shu Point, Front-mu Point, Lower He-sea Point, Eight-influential Point, Eight-confluent Point and crossing point.五输穴定义Five Shu Points refer the collective name of fivespecific points namely, Jing-well, ying-spring, Shu-stream, jing-river and he-sea, which are located below the elbow or knees (肘膝以下) on the twelve regular meridians.《难经》第68章说,The jing-well point is generally indicated in epigastric fullness; the ying-spring Point in febrile diseases; the Shu-stream Point, in heaviness and joint pain, the jing-river point, in asthma and coughing with fever; the He-sea Point, in Qi rebellion(气逆)with diarrhea(泄泻).原穴定义“Yuan” means the origin, the primary Qi(原气). Yuan-primary Point is the site where the yuan-primary Qi of Zang-Fu organs passes and stays.郄穴定义the Xi-cleft Point is the site where the Qi of themeridian is deeply converged(深聚).Back-shu points are corresponding points on the back and where the Qi of the respective Zang-Fu organs is infused; front-mu points are those on the chest and abdomen where the Qi of the respective Zang-Fu organs is infused and converged. Eight- influential Points are the eight points where the vital essence and energy of the Zang-organs, fu-organs, Qi, blood, tendon, vessel, bone and joint.Eight-confluent Points refer to the eight points where eight meridians communicate with the twelve regular meridians, distributed on the areas superior and inferior to the wrist joints and ankle joints.P25 Lung Meridian of Hand-Taiyin (手太阴肺经,起于中焦,下络大肠。
针灸穴位定位
中府：在胸部，横平第1肋间隙，锁骨下窝外侧，前正中线旁开6寸云门：在胸部，锁骨下窝凹陷中，肩胛骨喙突内缘，前正中线旁开6寸尺泽在肘区,肘横纹上，肱二头肌肌腱桡侧缘凹陷中孔最在前臂前区，腕掌侧远端横纹上7寸处，尺泽与太渊连线上列缺在前臂,腕掌横纹远端横纹上1.5寸拇短伸肌腱与拇长展肌腱之间，拇长展肌腱沟的凹陷中太渊在腕前区，桡骨茎突与舟状骨之间,拇长展肌腱尺侧凹陷中鱼际在手外侧,第1掌骨桡侧中点赤白肉际处少商在手指,拇指末节烧侧，指甲根角侧上方0.1寸商阳在手指,示指末节桡侧，指甲根角侧上方0.1寸三间在手背,第2掌指关节桡侧近端凹陷中首0号po合谷在手背,侧腕对掌，自然半握拳,第1、2掌骨间，第2掌骨桡侧缘中点处阳溪在腕区，侧腕对掌,伸前臂腕肯侧远端横纹烧侧，烧骨茎突远端，拇指上翘时,拇短伸肌腱与拇长伸肌腱之间的凹陷中偏历在前臂，腕背侧远端横纹上3寸，阳溪与曲池连线上温溜在前臂，腕背侧远端横纹上5寸，阳溪与曲池连线上下廉在前臂,肘横纹下4寸，阳溪与曲池连线上上廉在前臂，肘横纹下3寸，阳溪与曲池连线上手三里在前臂，肘横纹下2寸，阳溪与曲池连线上曲池在肘区侧腕,屈肘,肘横纹外侧端，尺泽与肱骨外上髁连线的中点处手五里在臂部，肘横纹上3寸，曲池与肩隅连线上臂臑在臂部，曲池上7寸,三角肌正点处肩隅在三角肌区，肩峰外侧缘前端与肱骨大结节两骨间凹陷中心巨骨在肩胛区，锁骨肩峰端与肩胛冈之间凹陷中足阳明胃经承泣在面部，眼球与眶下缘之间,瞳孔直下四白在面部,眶下孔处地仓在面部，口角旁开0.4寸，上直对瞳孔大迎在面部，下领角前下1.3寸，咬肌附着部的前缘凹陷中，面动脉搏动处颊车在面部，下颌角前上方一横指(中指)处，当咀嚼时咬肌隆起按之凹陷处下关在耳前方,颧弓下缘中央与下颌切迹之间凹陷中,闭口取穴头维在头部，额角发际直上0.5寸,头正中线旁开4.5寸人迎结喉旁，胸锁乳突肌前缘，颈动脉搏动处乳中在胸部，乳头中央，距前正中线4寸乳根在胸部，第5肋间隙，前正中线旁开4寸不容在上腹部，脐中上6寸，前正中线旁开2寸梁门在上腹部，脐中上4寸,前正中线旁开2寸天枢在腹部，横平脐中，前正中线旁开2寸水道在下腹部，脐中下3寸,前正中线旁开2寸归来在下腹部,脐中下4寸,前正中线旁开2寸气冲在腹股沟区，耻骨联合上缘，脐中下5寸,前正中线旁开2寸,动脉搏动处俾关在股前区股直肌近端缝匠肌与阔筋膜张肌3条肌肉之间四陷中伏兔在股前区，髌底上6寸，髂前上棘与髌底外侧端的连线上阴市在股前区，髌底上3寸,股直肌肌腱外侧缘梁丘在股前区，髌底上2寸，股外侧肌与股直肌肌腱之间犊鼻在膝前区，髌韧带外侧凹陷中足三里在小腿外侧，犊鼻下3寸，距胫骨前缘1横指(中指)处上巨虚在小腿外侧，犊鼻下6寸，距胫骨前缘1横指(中指)处条口在小腿外侧，犊鼻下8寸，距胫骨前缘1横指(中指)处下巨虚在小腿外侧，犊鼻下9寸，距胫骨前缘1横指(中指)处丰隆在小腿外侧，外踝尖上8寸,胫骨前肌的外缘,距胫骨前缘2横指(中指)处解溪在踝区，踝关节前面中央凹陷处，路长伸肌腱与趾长伸肌腱之间冲阳在足背最高处，第2跖骨基底部与中间楔状骨关节处，足背动脉搏动处内庭在足背，第2、3趾间，趾蹼缘后方赤白肉际处厉兑在足趾，第2趾末节外侧，趾甲根角侧后方0.1寸内庭在足背当二三趾间，趾蹼缘后方赤白肉际处足太阴脾经隐白在足趾,大趾末节内侧,指甲根角侧后方0.1寸大都在足趾，第1跖趾关节远端赤白肉际凹陷中太白在跖区，第1跖趾关节近端赤白肉际凹陷中公孙在跖区,第1跖骨底的前下缘赤白肉际处商丘在踝区，内踝前下方,舟骨粗隆与内踝尖连线中点凹陷中三阴交在小腿内侧，内踝尖上3寸,胫骨内侧缘后际地机在小腿内侧，阴陵泉下3寸，胫骨内侧缘后际阴陵泉在小腿内侧，胫骨内侧髁下缘与胫骨内侧缘之同的凹陷中血海在股前区，髌底内侧端上2寸，股内侧肌隆起处大横在腹部，脐中旁开4寸胸乡在胸部，第3肋间隙，前正中线旁开6寸大包在胸外侧区腋中线上，第六肋间隙手少阴心经极泉腋窝顶点，腋动脉搏动处少海屈肘,肘横纹内侧端与肱骨内上课连线中点灵道前臂掌侧,尺侧腕屈肌腱桡侧缘，腕横纹1.5寸上通里前臂掌侧,尺侧腕屈肌腱桡侧缘，腕横纹1 寸上阴郄前臂掌侧,尺侧腕屈肌腱桡侧缘，腕横纹0.5寸上神门腕前区,腕掌侧远端横纹尺侧端，尺侧腕屈肌腱桡侧凹陷处少府手掌面，横平第5掌指关节近端,第4、5掌骨之间少冲手小指末节桡侧，指甲根角侧上方0.1寸太阳小肠经少泽：在手指，小指末节尺侧指甲根角侧上方0.1寸后溪:在手内侧,第5掌指关节尺侧近端赤白肉际凹陷中腕骨:在腕区.第5掌骨基底与钩骨之间的赤白肉际四陷中养老:在前臂后区，腕背横纹上1寸，尺骨头桡侧凹陷中支正:在前臂后区，腕背侧远端横上5寸，只骨尺侧与尺侧腕屈肌之间小海:在肘后区，微屈肘，尺骨鹰嘴与肱骨内上髁之间的凹陷中肩贞.在肩胛区，肩关节后下方，臂内收时，腋后纹头上一寸天宗:在肩胛区，肩胛冈中点与肩胛下角连线的上1/3与下2/3的交点凹陷中颧髎:在面部，颧骨下缘、眼外角直下的凹陷中听宫:在面部，耳屏前.下颌骨髁状突的后缘、张口呈凹陷外.足太阳膀胱经睛明：内眼角内上方眶内侧壁凹陷中攒竹：眉头凹陷中，眶上切迹处天柱：在颈后区，横平第二颈椎棘突上际，斜方肌外缘之后发际凹陷中大杼：第一胸椎棘突下，后正中线旁开1.5寸风门在脊柱区，第2胸椎棘突下,后正中线旁开1.5寸肺俞在脊柱区，第3胸椎棘突下,后正中线旁开1.5寸厥阴俞在脊柱区,第4胸椎棘突下,后正中线旁开1.5寸心俞在脊柱区，第5胸椎棘突下,后正中线旁开1.5寸膈俞在脊柱区,第7胸椎棘突下,后正中线旁开1.5寸肝俞：在脊柱区，第9胸椎棘突下,后正中线旁开1.5寸胆俞：在脊柱区,第10胸椎棘突下，后正中线旁开1.5寸脾俞：在脊柱区,第11胸椎棘突下，后正中线旁开1.5寸胃俞:在脊柱区，第12胸椎棘突下，后正中线旁开1.5寸三焦俞:在脊柱区,第1腰椎棘突下,后正中线旁开1.5寸肾俞:在脊柱区，第2腰椎棘突下,后正中线旁开1.5寸大肠俞：在脊柱区,第4腰椎棘突下,后正中线旁开1.5寸小肠俞：在骶区，横平第1骶后孔，骶正中嵴旁开1.5寸膀胱俞：在骶区，横平第2骶后孔，骶正中嵴旁开1.5寸八醪在骶区，当髂后上棘内下方,适对第1 ~ 4骶后孔，自上而下分别为上髎、次髎、中髎、下髎志室在腰区,第2腰椎棘突下,后正中线旁开3寸秩边在骶区，横平第4骶后孔，骶正中嵴旁开3寸承扶在大腿后侧,臀下横纹的中点委中在腰后区，腘横纹纹中点，股二头肌腱与半腱肌的中间承山小腿后侧，腓肠肌两肌腹与肌腱交角处飞扬在小腿后区,昆仑直上7寸,腓肠肌外下缘与跟腱移行处跗阳在小腿后侧，昆仑直上3寸,腓骨与跟腱之间昆仑在踝区，外踝尖与跟腱之间的凹陷中申脉在踝区,外踝尖直下，外踝下缘与跟骨之间凹陷中金门在足背，外踝前缘直下,第5跖骨粗隆后方，骨下缘凹陷中京骨在跖区，第5跖骨粗隆前下方,赤白肉际处足通谷在跖区，第5跖趾关节的远端,赤白肉际处至阴在足趾,小趾末节外侧，趾甲根角侧后方0.1寸(指寸)足少阴肾经涌泉在足底，屈足卷趾时足心最凹陷中然谷在足内侧，足舟骨粗隆下方，赤白肉际处太溪在踝区，内踝尖与跟腱之间的凹陷中照海在踝区,内踝尖下1寸,内踝下缘边际凹陷中复溜在小腿内侧，内踝尖上2寸，跟腱的前缘交信在小腿内侧，内踝尖上2寸，胫骨内侧缘后际凹陷中筑宾在小腿内侧,太溪直上5寸，腓肠肌肌腹内下方阴谷在膝后区,胭横纹上,半腱肌肌腱外侧缘俞府在胸部锁骨下缘，前正中线旁开2寸手厥阴心包经曲泽在肘横纹中，当肱二头肌腱的尺侧缘凹陷中郄门在前臂前区，腕掌侧远端横纹上5寸,掌长肌腱与桡侧腕屈肌腱之间间使在前臂前区，腕掌侧远端横纹上3寸,掌长肌腱与桡侧腕屈肌腱之间内关在前臂前区,腕掌侧远端横纹上2寸,掌长肌腱与桡侧腕屈肌腱之间大陵在腕前区腕掌侧远端横纹中,掌长肌腱与桡侧腕屈肌腱之间劳宫在掌区,横平第3掌指关节近端,第2、3掌骨之间偏于第三掌骨中冲在手指，中指末端最高点手少阳三焦经关冲在手指,第4指末节尺侧，指甲根角侧上方0.1寸中渚在手背，第4、5掌骨间,第4掌指关节近端凹陷中阳池在腕后区，腕背侧远端横纹上,指伸肌腱的尺侧缘凹陷中外关在前臂后区，腕背侧远端横纹上2寸,尺骨与桡骨间隙中点支沟在前臂后区，腕背侧远端横纹上3寸,尺骨与桡骨间隙中点会宗在前臂后区，腕背侧远端横纹上3寸,尺骨的桡侧缘天井在肘后区，肘尖上1寸凹陷中清冷渊在臂后区,肘尖与肩峰连线上,肘尖上2寸肩膠在三角肌区,肩峰角与肱骨大结节两骨间凹陷中翳凤在颈部，耳垂后方,乳突下端前方凹陷中角孙在头部，耳尖正对发际处耳门在耳区，耳屏上切迹与下颌骨髁状突之间的凹陷中丝竹空在面部，眉梢凹陷中足少阳胆经瞳子髎在面部，眼外角外侧0.5寸凹陷中听会在面部，耳屏间切际与下颌骨髁状突之间的凹陷中上关在面部，颧弓上缘中央凹陷中，张口取穴率谷在头部,耳尖直上人发际1.5寸完谷在头部，前发际上0.5寸，头正中线旁开3寸阳白在头部,瞳孔直上,眉上1寸面庭目商尔脑模的风池在颈后区，,枕骨之下，胸锁乳突肌上端与斜方肌上端之间的凹陷中肩井在肩胛区，第七颈椎棘突与肩峰最外侧点连线的中点日月在胸部，第七肋间隙中，前正中线旁开四寸环跳在臀区，股骨大转子最凸点与低管裂孔连线的外1/3与内2/3交点处风市在股部，直立垂手,掌心贴于大腿时，中指尖所指凹陷中，骼胫束后缘膝阳关在膝部，股骨外上髁后上缘，股二头肌腱与髂胫束之间的凹陷中阳陵泉在小腿外侧，腓骨头前下方凹陷中阳交在小腿外侧，外踝尖上7寸,腓骨的后缘外丘在小腿外侧，外踝尖上7寸,腓骨的前缘光明在小腿外侧，外踝尖上5寸，腓骨的前缘悬钟在小腿外侧，外踝尖上3寸,腓骨的前缘丘墟在踝区.外踝的前下方,趾长伸肌腱的外侧凹陷中足临泣在足背,第4、5跖骨底结合部的前方,第5趾长伸肌腱外侧凹陷中足窍阴在足趾，第4趾末节外侧，趾甲根角侧后方0.1寸足厥阴肝经大敦在足大趾末节外侧，距趾甲根角0.1寸行间在足背,第1、2趾间，指蹼缘的后方赤白肉际处太冲在足背,第1、2跖骨间隙，跖趾关节前方凹陷中中封在足踝部，内踝前胫骨前肌肌腱的内侧缘凹陷中蠡沟在小腿部内侧面,内踝尖上5寸，胫骨内侧面的中央曲泉在膝部，屈膝，当腘横纹内侧端，股骨内上髁的后缘，半腱肌、半膜肌止端的前缘凹陷中章门在侧腹部，第11肋游离端的下方期门在胸部，第6肋间隙，前正中线旁开4寸任脉中极下腹部，前正中线上，脐下4寸关元下腹部，前正中线上,脐下3寸气海下腹部，前正中线上,脐下1.5寸神阙脐中部，脐中央处中脘前正中线上，脐上4寸鸠尾在胸部，前正中线剑突下，即脐上7寸膻中在胸部，前正中线上，平第4肋间，两乳头连线的中点天突仰靠坐位，在颈前区，前正中线上，胸骨上窝中央廉泉仰靠坐位，在颈前区，喉结上方，舌骨体上缘的中点处承浆仰靠坐位，在面部，颏唇沟的正中凹陷处督脉长强在会阴部,尾骨下方,尾骨端与肛门连线的中点处腰俞在骶部，后正中线上，正对骶管裂孔处腰阳关在脊柱区，后正中线上,第4腰椎棘突下凹陷处命门在脊柱区，后正中线上，第2腰椎棘突下凹陷处大椎在脊柱区,后正中线上，第7颈椎棘突下凹陷中哑门在颈后区,后正中线上，第2颈椎棘突上凹陷中风府在颈后区，枕外隆凸直下，两侧斜方肌之间凹陷中百会在头部，前发际正中直上5寸，两耳尖连线的中点处神庭在头部，前发际正中直上0.5寸水沟在面部，人中沟的上1/3与中1/3交点处印堂在头部，当两眉毛内侧端中间的凹陷中经外奇穴四神聪在头部,百会前后左右各1寸,共4穴鱼腰在面上额部，瞳孔直上，眉毛中太阳在头部，眉梢与目外眦之间,先后约横指的凹陷中金津在口腔内,舌下系带静脉上,左侧取穴玉液在口腔内,舌下系带静脉上，右侧取穴翳明在颈部，翳风后一寸颈白劳在颈部，第七颈椎棘突直上2寸，后正中线旁开1寸安眠在翳风穴与风池穴连线的中点定喘在脊柱区，横平第7颈椎棘突下,后正中线旁开0.5寸肩前在肩部，正坐垂臂，当腋前皱襞顶端与肩偶穴连线的中点夹脊在脊柱区,第1胸椎~第5腰椎棘突下两侧,后正中线旁开0.5寸，一侧17穴腰眼在腰区，横平第4腰椎棘突下,后正中线旁开约3.5寸凹陷中二白在前臂掌侧，腕横纹上4寸，桡侧腕屈肌腱的两侧，侧2穴腰痛点在手背,第2、3掌骨间及第4、5掌骨间,腕背侧远端横纹与掌指关节的中点处，一手2穴外劳宫在手背,第2、3掌骨间,掌指关节后0.5寸凹陷中八邪在手背,第1 ~ 5指间，指蹼缘后方赤白肉际处，左右共8穴。
针灸十四经名称(汉英对照)
针灸十四经名称（汉英对照）手经HAND手太阴肺经Lung Meridian of Hand-Taiyin,LU手厥阴心包经Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin,PC手少阴心经Heart Meridian of Hand-Shaoyin,HT手阳明大肠经Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming,LI 手少阳三焦经Sanjiao Meridian of Hand-Shaoyang,SJ手太阳小肠经Small Intestine Meridian of Hand-Taiyang,SI 足经FOOT足太阴脾经Spleen Meridian of Foot-Taiyin,SP足厥阴肝经Liver Meridian of Hand-Jueyin,LR足少阴肾经Kidney Meridian of Foot-Jueyin,KI足阳明胃经Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming,ST足少阳胆经Gallbladder Meridian of Foot-Shaoyang,GB 足太阳膀胱经Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang,BL任脉Ren Meridian,RN督脉Du Meridian,DU针灸十四经名称（中文）手经手太阴肺经手厥阴心包经手少阴心经手阳明大肠经手少阳三焦经手太阳小肠经足经足太阴脾经足厥阴肝经足少阴肾经足阳明胃经足少阳胆经足太阳膀胱经任脉督脉针灸十四经名称（英文）HANDLung Meridian of Hand-Taiyin,LU Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin,PC Heart Meridian of Hand-Shaoyin,HTLarge Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming,LI Sanjiao Meridian of Hand-Shaoyang,SJSmall Intestine Meridian of Hand-Taiyang,SI FOOTSpleen Meridian of Foot-Taiyin,SPLiver Meridian of Hand-Jueyin,LR Kidney Meridian of Foot-Jueyin,KI Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming,ST Gallbladder Meridian of Foot-Shaoyang,GB Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang,BLRen Meridian,RN Du Meridian,DU。
acupoints
CLASSIFICATION AND NOMENCLATURE OF ACUPOINTS
Classification of Acupoints
• There are numerous acupoints distributed over the human body. A great deal of work has been accomplished by medical workers in the past to generalize and systematize acupoints, which have been classified either "by meridians" or "by body parts." Generally speaking, acupoints fall into the following three categories in terms of their evolution. • 人体周身分 布着许多穴 位，医疗工 作者过去为 总结和归纳 穴位做了大 量工作，这 些穴位主要 依据是否循 经来分类。 一般而言， 根据穴位的 发展过程分 为三大类。
Nomenclature of Acupoints （腧穴的命名）
What is the name of acupoints?
• Acupoints of the fourteen meridians have their definite locations and names. Precious Supplementary Prescriptions further points out, "Each point is named with profound significance," which indicates that the name of each point has its own meaning.
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针灸穴位定位手太阴肺经尺泽：肘横纹中，肱二头肌腱桡侧缘。
On the cubital crease,and the radial aspect of the tedon of the biceps m. of the arm.孔最：在太渊与尺泽连线上，腕横纹上7寸。
On the line joining Chize and Taiyuan,and 7 cun above the carpal crease.列缺：在桡骨茎突上方，腕横纹上1.5寸；或两手虎口交叉，一手食指压在另一手腕后桡骨茎突之上方，于食指尖下取穴。
Superior to the styloid process of the radius,and 1.5 cun above the carpal crease;or,when the index finger and the thumbs of both hands are crossed with the index finger of one hand placed on the styloid process of the radius of the other,the depression right under the tip of the index finger is the acupoint.太渊：腕横纹中，桡动脉桡侧凹陷中。
On the carpal crease,and in the depression of the radial aspect of the radial a. 少商：拇指末节桡侧，距指甲角0.1寸处。
On the radial side of the thumb end,and 0.1 cun lateral and posterior to the corner of the fingernail.手阳明大肠经商阳：食指末节桡侧，距指甲角0.1寸处。
On the radial side of the index finger end,and 0.1 cun lateral and posterior to the corner of the fingernail.合谷：第一二掌骨间，第二掌骨桡侧中点；或拇指、食指张开，以一手拇指的指骨间关节横纹放在另一手拇指、食指之间的虎口上，于拇指尖下取穴。
Between the 1st and 2nd metacarpal bones,and in the midpoint of the radial side of the 2nd metacarpal bone;or,the transverse crease of interphalangeal joint of one thumb are placed on the stretched hukou between the thumb and index finger of the other hand,and the acupoint is where the tip of the thumb touches. 阳溪:腕背横纹上，拇指翘起，当拇短伸肌腱与拇长伸肌腱之间的凹陷中。
At the dorsal transverse crease of the wrist,and in the depression between the tendons of the short extensor and long extensor m.of the thumb when the thumb is upward.曲池：屈肘，肘横纹桡侧端凹陷中。
In the depression of the radial end of the cubital crease when the elbow is flexed.肩髃：肩峰与肱骨大结节之间凹陷中；或在肩关节上方，上臂向外平举呈水平位时，前方凹陷处取穴。
In the depression between the acromial extremity of the clavicle and the great tuberosity of humerus;or when the arm is in full abduction,the acupoint is in the depression at the anterior border of the acromioclavicular joint,and superior tothe shoulder joint.迎香：鼻翼外缘中点旁开，当鼻唇沟中。
Lateral to the midpoint of the nasal ala,and in the nasolabial groove.足阳明胃经承泣：瞳孔直下，当眼球与眶下缘之间。
Directly below the pupil,and between the eyeball and the infraorbital ridge.四白：瞳孔直下，当眶下孔凹陷处。
Directly below the pupil,and int the depression of the infraorbital foramen.地仓：瞳孔直下，口角外侧0.4寸。
Directly below the pupil,and 0.4 cun lateral to the corner of the mouth.颊车：下颌角前上方1横指，当咀嚼时咬肌隆起高点处。
One finger-breadth anterosuperior to the mandibular angle where the masseter m.is easy to see in clenching the teeth.下关：颧弓下缘，下颌骨髁突前方凹陷中。
Below the zygomatic arch and in the depression anterior to mandibular condyloid process.天枢：平脐中，距前正中线2寸。
On the same level of the umbilicus,and 2 cun lateral to the anterior midline.归来：脐中下4寸，距前正中线2寸。
4 cun below the umbilicus,and 2 cun lateral to the anterior midline.梁丘：髁前上棘与髌底外侧端连线上，髌底上2寸。
On the line joining the anterosuperior iliac spine and lateral border of the patella,and 2 cun above the upper border of the patella.犊鼻：屈膝，髌韧带外侧凹陷中。
In the lateral depression of the patellar ligament,when the knee is flexed.足三里：犊鼻下3寸，距胫骨前缘外侧一横指。
3 cun directly below Dubi,and one finger-breadth lateral to the anterior border of the tibia.上巨虚：犊鼻下6寸，距胫骨前缘外侧一横指。
6 cun directly below Dubi,and one finger-breadth lateral to the anterior border of the tibia.下巨虚：犊鼻下9寸，距胫骨前缘外侧一横指。
9 cun directly below Dubi,and one finger-breadth lateral to the anterior border of the tibia.丰隆：条口外一横指，约当犊鼻与外踝尖连线的中点。
One finger-breadth lateral to Tiaokou,and at the midpoint of the line joining Dubi and the tip of the external malleolus.解溪：足背与小腿交界处横纹中央，当拇长伸肌腱与趾长伸肌键之间。
At the midpoint of the transverse crease of the junction between the dorsum of foot and leg,and between the tendons of long extensor m. of great toe and long extensor m. of toes.隐白：大趾末节内侧，距趾甲角0.1寸。
On the medial aspect of the great toe,and 0.1 cun medial to the corner of the toenail.太白：第一跖趾关节后下方，赤白肉际处。
Prosteroinferior to the the head of the 1st metatarsal bone,and on the dorso-ventral boundary.商丘：内踝前下方，当舟骨结节与内踝尖连线中点处。
Anteroinferior to the medial malleolus,and at the midpoint of the line joining the tip of the medial malleouls and tuberosity of the navicular bone.三阴交：内踝尖上3寸，胫骨内侧缘后方。
Posterior to the mesial border of the tibia,and 3 cun above the tip of the medial malleolus.阴陵泉：胫骨内侧髁后下方。
Posteroinferior to the medial condyle of the tibia.血海：髌底内侧端上2寸；或屈膝关节呈直角，医者以右手掌按在患者左腿膝盖上，掌心对准髌骨中央，当拇指尖下取穴（取右血海穴则用左手量取）。
2 cun above the upper border of the medial patella;or the acupoint is where the tip of the thumb when doctor puts his right palm on the left knee of patient and with the centre of the palm pointing to the centre of patella of patient and the patient flexes his knee joint and makes it to be a right angle(right Xuehai is measured by left hand).周荣：第二肋间隙，距前正中线6寸。