高考英语语法专项复合句详解版

语法专项10 ——复合句【复合句综述】复合句含有两个或两个以上主谓结构，其中一个主谓结构作另一个的成分。

（而并列句的两个主谓结构间是并列关系，而不是从属关系）。

复合句包含一个主句从句和一个或几个从句的句子，从句包含名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。

当简单句的一个成分从词或词组变为句子时，整个句子就成为复合句了。

一、如何判断复合句1.What he said is wrong.（what he said,是一个主谓结构，he为主语，said为谓语，what是宾语。

What he said is wrong. 是另外一个主谓结构。

What he said作主语，is wrong系表结构作谓语。

因此，本句是复合句。

What he said 是名词性从句作主语）。

2.The boy who is wearing a hat is my brother.（The boy is my brother.是一个主谓结构who is wearing a hat也是一个主谓结构，作了前一个主谓结构中主语the boy的定语。

因此本句是复合句。

3.I was doing my homework when he came in.（I was doing my homework是一个主谓结构，he came in也是一个主谓结构。

后面一个主谓结构作前一个的时间状语。

因此是复合句。

4.The boy over there is my brother. （只有一个主谓结构，是简单句）5. I was doing my homework at six. （只有一个主谓结构，是简单句）【小叮咛】一个句子如果出现两个主谓结构，那它就不是简单句了，要么是并列句，要么是复合句。

是并列句时要有and, so, but,等并列连词或用分号。

是复合句时也要有连接词。

总之，只用逗号而不用连接词简单的把两个主谓结构连接到一起的句子是错误的。

例如：误：I like English, my English is very good.正：I like English and my English is very good.正：As I like English, my English is very good.误：I have a house, its windows are very big.正：I have a house and its windows are very big.正：I have a house, whose windows are very big.二、主从复合句的时态1. 在以when，after，as soon as等引导的时间状语从句以及以if，unless 等引导的条件状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时。

例如：I'll tell her the good news when she comes back.当她回来的时候，我将把这个好消息告诉她。

If it doesn't rain, he will come here on time.如果不下雨，他会按时来这儿的。

2. 在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的谓语动词为过去时态时，从句须用表示过去的某种时态。

例如：He asked when they would go to the party.他问他们什么时候将去参加聚会。

Miss Green said she had been to Beijing before.格林小姐说她以前曾经去过北京。

3. 在宾语从句中，当主句的时态为一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时等时态时，后面从句时态不受主句限制，可根据情况，选用各种适合的时态。

例如：Do you know when we'll have a football match?你知道我们什么时候举行足球赛吗？You know he has gone to Shanghai.你知道他已去上海了。

4. 当宾语从句表述的是客观事实、科学真理、现在的习惯动作以及格言等时，其时态不受主句限制，而用一般现在时。

例如：The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.老师告诉我们光速比音速要快。

When I was a student, my teacher often told us that time and tide wait for no man.当我还是学生的时候，老师常常告诉我们，岁月不等人。

5. 在"since＋点时间"句型中，主句通常用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。

例如：He has worked at the factory since he came here.自从他来到这儿，他就一直在这家工厂上班。

【小叮咛】在句型"It's+段时间＋since＋从句"中，since后面的从句要用一般过去时。

例如：It's a long time since we met last.自从我们上次见面以来已经有好长时间了。

6. 在复合句中，如果主、从句表示的动作或状态都发生在过去，而且有先后，则在先的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。

例如：When he got there, the train had left.当他到那儿的时候，火车已经开了。

He said he had visited the school before.他说他以前参观过那所学校。

三、it引起的时间句型1. It + be + 时间+ since-clause这个句型表示从since 从句谓语动作发生以后到现在或过去所经过的一段时间，意为"自从......以来已多久了"，主句多用一般现在时，从句用一般过去时，如果表示过去的情况，主句用一般过去时，从句用过去完成时，或主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。

例如：It is three years since his father passed away . (从现在算起)It was 10 years since they married . (从过去算起)It had been fifteen years since she left Shanghai . (从过去算起)30 years has passed since we joined the Party . (从现在算起)2. It + be + 时间+ before-clause这个句型中的时间一般为表示一段时间的词语(如：long years , months , weeks , days ,hours , minutes ) ，主句中的谓语动词用肯定式，意为"过多长时间才......"。

主句的谓语动词是否定式时，意为"没过多长时间就......"。

主句的时态可用过去时was或将来时will be；用was 时，before从句的动词用一般过去时；用will be 时，before从句常用一般现在时。

例如：It was not long before she learned those poems by heart . 她没过多久就背会了那些诗歌。

It was long before the police arrived .过了很久警察才来。

It will be hours before he makes a decision . 要过好几个小时他才会作出决定。

It will not be hours before meet again . 要不了几个小时我们还会再见面的。

3. It + be + 时间+ when-clause这个句型中, it 指时间，而且表示时间的词语前没有介词(时间一般为具体时间)。

主句中的谓语动词和从句中的谓语动词在时态上一般是一致的，主句是will be，when从句用一般现在时代替将来时。

例如：It was already 8 o'clock when we got home .It was the next morning when we finished our work .It will be midnight when they get there .4. It + be + 时间+ that-clause这个句型是个强调句型。

例如：It was two years ago that he made an important invention .(原句是：He made an important invention two years ago . )It was at 5 o'clock that he practised playing the violin in the morning . (原句是：He practised playing the violin at 5 o'clock in the morning . ) 比较：It was 5 o'clock when he started in the morning .(5 o'clock前没有介词，这是个定语从句)5. It + be + time + that-clause这个句型属虚拟语气结构，不管主句中用的是is 或was ，that从句都须用动词的过去式或should + 动词原型(但不及用过去式普通)，在time之前有时可加上high或about 以加强语气。

例如：It is time(that)we handed in our exercises .(= It is time that we should hand in our exercises .)It is high time (that ) she wrote a letter to her boyfriend .6. It / This / That + the first(second , third ...) time + that-clause这个句型表示截止到说话时为止的某人的一种经历，关键是注意time前有序数词，主句是is 时，从句要用现在完成时；如果主句用一般过去时was ，则从句须相应地用过去完成时。

例如：This is the first time (that) these Europeans have visited the Great Wall . It was the fifth time (that) I had paid a friendly visit to Africa .四、It代替从句作形式主语的常见句型1. it 代替连词that 引导的从句作形式主语。