经济危机对美国社会的影响(英文版)
GREAT DEPRESSION(美国1920年的经济危机)
By 1914, most developed countries had adopted the gold standard with a fixed exchange rate between the national currency and gold—and therefore between national currencies. In World War I, European nations went off the gold standard to print money, and the resulting price inflation drove large amounts of the world’s gold to banks in the United States. The United States remained on the gold standard without altering the gold value of the dollar. Investors and others who held gold sent their gold to the United States, where gold maintained its value as a safe and sound investment. At the end of World War I, a few countries, most notably the United States, continued on the gold standard while others temporarily adopted floating exchange rates. The world’s international finance center had shifted from London to New York City, and the British were anxious to regain their old status. Some countries pledged to return to the gold standard with devalued currencies, while others followed the British lead and aimed to return to gold at prewar exchange rates.
金融危机对全球经济带来的影响
金融危机对全球经济带来的影响2008年发生的金融危机是自大萧条（Great Depression）以来全球最严重的一次经济危机，它影响了整个世界，从欧洲到美国，从亚洲到非洲，无一幸免。
金融危机对世界各国经济带来的影响是深远而长久的，这场危机在经济、政治、社会等各个方面都留下了深刻的印记。
经济方面首先，金融危机对全球经济的影响表现在经济增长率的下降。
由于危机使得金融机构严重减少贷款，企业难以获得资金来开展业务，导致全球经济增长率有所下降。
例如，2008年至2009年期间，全球经济增长率下降了2个百分点，从前一年的5%下降到了3%。
其次，危机还造成了世界各地大规模的失业。
危机导致了很多公司倒闭，许多人失去了工作。
例如，2007年至2009年，美国的失业率从4.5%上升到了10.2%，而希腊的失业率则从7.7%上升到了27.8%。
失业率的上升不仅使很多人失去了收入来源，还会导致社会不稳定和犯罪的增加。
第三，金融危机使股市下跌。
由于危机严重冲击了金融体系，导致许多金融公司倒闭，让股市下跌。
例如，标准普尔500指数在2008年至2009年期间跌了多达57%，而日本的日经225指数则下跌了42%。
政治方面金融危机对全球政治体系的影响也非常显著。
首先，危机加剧了全球化的压力。
金融机构的国际化本质使得危机在世界范围内迅速扩散，加速了全球化，然而，这种全球化也加剧了金融危机的传播。
其次，金融危机加剧了各国对保护主义的倾向。
自由市场主义和全球化已经成为过去几十年来全球经济的主要推动力量，但这一经济政策在危机期间受到了很大的挑战。
很多国家开始采取保护主义政策，通过贸易壁垒和其他措施来保护本国经济利益。
社会方面金融危机在社会方面也带来了很大的影响。
首先，由于危机引发的失业问题，许多人失去了稳定的收入来源，遭受了财务危机，甚至破产。
此外，这些财务困境也导致人们面临房屋和抵押品遭受被收回的危险。
其次，金融危机的影响还表现在一些社会问题上。
美国经济大萧条英文版
The Great Depression
Brief introduction Effects Causes Measures
Brief introduction
The Great Depression(1929-1933)，originated in U.S. history, the severe（严重的） economic crisis supposedly precipitated by the U.S. stock-market crash of October 29, 1929 (known as Black Tuesday). From there, it quickly spread to almost every country in the world.
--摘自威廉.曼彻斯 特·《光荣与梦想》
1932年6月，美国东北各名牌大学的应届毕业生步21974名老学长的后尘，也在
拼命找工作了。那时连在纽约百货公司开电梯也要有学士学位，而且对他们当中好
些人说来，这已是最好的差使了
--摘自威廉.曼彻斯特·《光荣与梦想》
Causes:
It had been the immense disparity between the country’s productive power and the American people’s ability to consume.
It was the longest, most widespread, and deepest depression of the 20th century.
Effects:
Unemployment and homelessness increased Bank Closings -- the collapse of the nation’s
两次经济大危机原因的比较研究 (英文版)
2014--2015学年第一学期«英语国家概况»科目考查论文A Comparison of the Causes of The Great Depressionin 1929 and the Great Recession of 2008 1929年大萧条与2008年经济大危机成因对比研究学院专业班级学生学号AbstractThe Great Depression in 1929 and the Great Recession of 2008 are twolarge-scale events in American economic history for nearly one century. Though the two economic crises vary in background, ways of eruption and origins, they definitely share in common. For example, both of their eruptions are caused by economic imbalance, overproduction, and the driving force behind these is the capital seeks for profit.The study will focus on the comparison of the Great Depression and financial crisis. The writer will do a brief discussion and research on their courses, then to reveal their significance to prevent and settle today’s economic crisis, which contributes to help us to improve the cognition to economic crisis’ development.The thesis is composed of following five parts:In the first part the writer briefly describes the background of the crises and their impacts on world economy and then leads to the causes of the two crises.In the second part the writer explains the common causes of American two economic crises. In the third part and the fourth part the writer interprets the causes of two American economic crises in 1929-1933 and in 2008 respectively.In the conclusion the writer concludes that through the research of the causes of the two economic crises, the countries in the modern world may learn how to improve its capacity to prevent and resolve the potential economic crisis.Key words: economic crisis, financial crisis, United States, comparison, causes摘要美国2008年发生的经济危机与20世纪30年代的经济危机是近一个世纪以来美国经济发展史上出现的两次大规模的危机。
美国1929~1933经济危机
The single of starting
The blind expansion of the production capacity of the relative stable international and demestic markets have shape contradictions,leading to the outbreak of the economic crisis in 1929.…
1929~1933
The Economic Crisis In America源自ackground(Reasons)
Behind the prosperity of the economy
1,The American long-term blind investment{长期盲目投资}
2,The proportion of the economy, the agricultural recession{经济比例失调，农业不景气}
1933innewyorksellinghisbelongings一个男人在卖他的家当twomenwantedlosangeles两个想要搭便车到洛杉矶的男子homelessfamilywholivedgroundnearcar无家可归的一家人住在车旁的地上waitingjob等待工作的人群sevenchildren一个有着7个孩子的母亲strongdestruction破坏extensivelyaffected波及范围广lastinglongtime持续时间长alsoonelongestworldeconomiccrisis也是持续时间最长的一次世界性经济危机mostprofoundeconomiccrisiscapitalism是资本主义历史上最深刻的危机consequencesindustryagriculturecommercefinancialsectoraboutthirtymillionworkerspeoplesufferhungercolddisplaced
美国经济大萧条英文介绍讲述
Economic crisisIn October 24, 1929, American black Thursday, crazy stock trend suddenly appeared in the New York stock exchange, trading a total of nearly 13000000 shares of stock, beyond more than 10 times of the normal daily trading volume. In financial speculation and bubble economy, the soared stock price now moved so that it can not keep up with the speed of price quotes. With many people in bankruptcy with a mountain of debt, even 8 people killing themselves on the day because of Dutch act of debt, the financial panic started. However, this was the largest , the longest, and the worst start of economic crisis in the history of capitalism. In the following four years, the capitalist world sank into the global crisis economically, socially and politically , has been a huge impact, precarious.On the Black Thursday, at 12 o’clock noon, a number of Wall Street financial giants in the Morgan Foundation Office held an emergency meeting, deciding to raise money to save the market. Two days later, the situation temporarily stabilized. But on 28th, Monday, with the wind coming again, 9,250,000 stocks sprung out such as the flood and the financial giants finally were unable to resist with wealth exhaustion, and they issued a statement at night: give up the rescue and panic is unstoppable to come. The next day, Tuesday, at 10 o’clock in the morning, with the stock market opening and the Gong ringing, large amounts of stock was thrown out, even at any price, but not many people wanted to buy with the chaotic scene. At the beginning of stock opening, 3000000 shares were thrown out, reaching more than 8000000 shares two hours later, and more than 12,000,000 stocks closed at one thirty. when shares reached16,410,000 , the stock market finally collapsed and the stock marketfell by12.82%. Hundreds of billions of dollars instantly became nothing and economic crisis has opened a prelude. Later on, the stock continually plunged with stock index 100 points in 1926, 145 points in November 1929 , 102 points in December 1930, and falling to 54 points in December 1931. Until 1933, the situation was extremely serious, even falling to 34 points in June, finally the index had lost 5/6. Nearly one hundred billion U.S. assets burst miraculously disappeared such as soap bubbles. From September in 1929 to January 1933, thirty kinds of stocks fell by 82.8%, from the average of $364.9 to $62.7. In the meanwhile, 20 kinds of railway stock from an average of $180 per share to $28.1, decreasing by 84.4%.The crisis heavily hit the United States firstly, thousands of factories and banks collapsed. There were 26400 companies and 934 banks broken In 1930. In 1931, 28300 companies and 1440 banks failed; In 1932, 31300 companies and 1453 banks failed; In 1933, 20300 companies and 1783 banks also failed. People rushed into banks in a panic to draw a large number of deposits, which caused a great loss of gold reserves as well as capital output sharply decreased nearly being stopped..In early 1933, all banks in the United States were out of business basically . Finance was just the nerve center of modern economy,and its paralysis inevitably led to the entire national economic havoc and the economy in the United States almost collapses, which resulted in continuous decline in America's GDP. In 1929, GDP was $103.1 billion, $55.6 billion in 1933. During the past three years GDP has decreased by half. Ten years later, it went back to $99.6 billion in 1940.What is more , industrial production of USA in July 1932, has fallen to the bottom, contrast in May 1925, plummeted 55.6%, steel fell by nearly 80%, fell by 87% in the machine tool manufacturing, auto industry has declined by 95%.With the economic crisis leading to a large number of unemployed people, people's life became seriously poor and the unemployed in the United States had more than 400 in 1930 to 8 million people in 1931, breaking through the ten million mark in 1932. In 1933, the most serious unemployment went up to 17million, which means nearly a third of the workers in the United States. From October 1930 to March 1931, there were 223000 people out of work among 690,000 workers and 5,000 households losing their homes within only 6 days just were unable to pay the mortgage. The unemployed fully in urban and rural, cold, hunger, and homeless, have been admitted to the Hoover cottage made of wood, sheet metal or paper boxes and so on. The humble dwelling were called Hoover cottage, because when Hoover once was run for President of the United States, he had promised the workers that they could have the chicken to eat and cars to drive.Once in America, about 34,000,000 people had no income, accounting for 28% of the total population, and even a large number of schools went bust. In 1932, only New York, at one time, had more than 30 students out of school and millions of people relied on charity with fear and despair throughout the crisis. This is so called the history of the great tragedy of America.In the early twentieth century, there were a variety of latent crisis factors in America economic prosperity such as large gap between the rich and the poor, wealth is concentrated in a few rich people, so that the majority of people in lower class lacked purchasing power because of poverty. In 1929, the rich in USA, accounting for 5% of the population of the country, had a personal collection of 1/3. At thesame time, the poor households with the annual income of less than $2000 were up to 60% of the whole families. In addition, the number of the pre-crisis unemployment reached about 2,000,000. Another important factor is the rampant speculation, such as speculation frenzy of the stock and real estate , forming the bubble economy. The New York Stock Exchange listed shares increased to from 443,000,000 shares in January 1925 to more than 1,000,000,000 shares of stock in October 1929 , with the face value higher with 3 to 20 times, some even up to 50 times. The the doubled prices and a serious departure from the actual value, the stock eventually fell off a serious cliff on the Black Thursday in 1929.书中横卧着整个过去的灵魂——卡莱尔人的影响短暂而微弱，书的影响则广泛而深远——普希金人离开了书，如同离开空气一样不能生活——科洛廖夫书不仅是生活，而且是现在、过去和未来文化生活的源泉——库法耶夫书籍把我们引入最美好的社会，使我们认识各个时代的伟大智者———史美尔斯书籍便是这种改造灵魂的工具。
大萧条对美国妇女婚姻与家庭的影响
大萧条对美国妇女婚姻与家庭的影响周莉萍【英文标题】The Influence of the Great Depression on American Women's Marriage and Family【作者简介】周莉萍，宁波大学文学院历史系副教授。
（宁波 315211）【内容提要】大萧条时期经济长期处于困境，对美国妇女的婚姻与家庭产生了深刻影响，此时性观念趋于保守，结婚率、离婚率与生育率都呈现下降趋势；家庭经济状况普遍恶化，家庭主妇承担起更多的经济责任，在家庭中的经济作用和精神力量相对增大，在家庭中的角色扩大，地位相应提高，但此时男女两性的性别定位并没有得到根本改变。
【关键词】大萧条/美国妇女/婚姻/家庭1929年股票市场崩溃，美国历史上最深重、历时最长的经济大萧条就此开始。
大萧条时期经济长期处于困境，社会动荡不安，改变了美国人的个人和社会生活：“它使婚姻和母亲身份失去信心的同时使家庭生活中的权力平衡向有利于妇女的方向转变，它通过在就业中易于歧视他们而抑制和孤立了黑人、犹太人与妇女，它把公立学校从晋升之阶转变为失业者的庇护所，它使知识分子“左倾”，延缓了技术的应用，使大多数国民居住条件恶劣，它影响了妇女的衣着时尚、娱乐、建筑、性行为以及孩子的抚养。
”①在大萧条的凄风苦雨中，美国妇女的婚姻和家庭发生了重要的变化。
一、大萧条时期经济与社会特点大萧条之前的20世纪20年代，不仅带来了物质的繁荣，也带来了观念上的解放，消费主义、享乐主义盛行一时，整个社会盲目乐观，财富受到顶礼膜拜，投机成为全民性行为，农业的萧条、生产与消费的矛盾、贫富差距的扩大等潜在的危险都被视而不见。
正当全民做着繁华美国梦的时候，1929年10月24日，纽约证券交易所出现股票抛售狂潮，当天损失约30亿美元。
此后股票继续狂跌，到11月中旬，《纽约时报》的平均指数降到了224点，纽约证券交易所牌上的各种股票的票面值减少了260亿美元，跌幅超过40％。
世界经济危机对社会的影响英语作文
世界经济危机对社会的影响英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1The Impact of the Global Economic Crisis on SocietyIntroductionThe world experienced a severe economic crisis in the late 2000s, which had a significant impact on societies around the globe. This crisis, commonly referred to as the Great Recession, was triggered by a combination of factors, including the subprime mortgage crisis in the United States, the collapse of major financial institutions, and a global credit crunch. In this essay, we will examine the social repercussions of the global economic crisis and how it affected individuals, families, and communities.Unemployment and Job InsecurityOne of the most immediate and visible effects of the economic crisis was the spike in unemployment rates. As companies downsized or went bankrupt, millions of people lost their jobs, leading to widespread job insecurity and financial distress. Unemployment not only affected individuals' ability toprovide for their families but also had a profound impact on their mental and emotional well-being. The fear of losing one's job or struggling to find stable employment created a sense of uncertainty and anxiety that permeated throughout society.Income Inequality and PovertyThe economic crisis exacerbated income inequality, as the wealthiest individuals and corporations were able to weather the storm, while the most vulnerable members of society suffered the most. The gap between the rich and the poor widened, as those at the bottom of the income scale faced job loss, wage cuts, and reduced social services. Poverty rates increased dramatically, with millions of people around the world falling below the poverty line and struggling to meet their basic needs. The economic crisis highlighted the structural inequalities inherent in society and underscored the need for greater social welfare programs and economic redistribution.Housing and HomelessnessThe collapse of the housing market was a central component of the global economic crisis, as subprime mortgages and risky lending practices led to a wave of foreclosures and evictions. Families that had invested their life savings in a home suddenly found themselves homeless, with nowhere to turn.Homelessness rates soared, as individuals and families were forced to live in shelters, cars, or on the streets. The housing crisis not only had a material impact on people's lives but also a psychological one, as the loss of a home can be a traumatic and destabilizing experience.Health and Well-beingThe economic crisis had far-reaching implications for people's health and well-being, as financial stress and insecurity can take a toll on both physical and mental health. Individuals who were already struggling with chronic conditions or mental health issues found it increasingly difficult to access necessary care and support. The economic downturn also led to cuts in healthcare funding and services, further exacerbating the challenges faced by vulnerable populations. As a result, many people experienced increased stress, anxiety, and depression, as they grappled with the uncertainty and instability of their economic circumstances.Social Cohesion and TrustThe economic crisis strained social cohesion and trust, as communities struggled to cope with the fallout of the recession. People became more distrustful of institutions and leaders, as they felt abandoned and betrayed by those in positions of power.Social divisions deepened, as different groups within society competed for scarce resources and opportunities. Trust in government, business, and other social institutions eroded, leading to a breakdown in social solidarity and cooperation. The economic crisis highlighted the fragility of social cohesion and underscored the need for greater transparency, accountability, and inclusivity in decision-making processes.ConclusionThe global economic crisis had a profound impact on societies around the world, shaping the lives and experiences of individuals, families, and communities. From unemployment and income inequality to housing insecurity and health challenges, the repercussions of the economic downturn were far-reaching and long-lasting. As we reflect on the social consequences of the crisis, it is clear that the challenges faced by society are interconnected and require a holistic and inclusive approach to address. By recognizing the human dimension of economic crises and prioritizing the well-being of all members of society, we can build a more resilient and equitable world for future generations.篇2The Impact of the Global Economic Crisis on SocietyIntroductionThe world economy is a complex system that is constantly changing and evolving. In recent years, the global economic crisis has had a significant impact on society, affecting people's lives in various ways. This essay will examine the impact of the economic crisis on different aspects of society, including employment, income inequality, poverty, and mental health.Impact on EmploymentOne of the most immediate and noticeable effects of the economic crisis is the impact on employment. During times of economic downturn, many companies cut costs by reducing their workforce, leading to layoffs and job losses. This can have a devastating effect on individuals and families, who may struggle to make ends meet without a steady source of income. Unemployment can also have long-term effects on people's mental health, leading to increased stress, anxiety, and depression.Income InequalityThe economic crisis can exacerbate income inequality within society, widening the gap between the rich and the poor. Asbusinesses struggle and lay off workers, those who are already marginalized and disadvantaged may be hit the hardest. The wealthy may be able to weather the storm by cutting back on luxury expenses, while the poor may be forced to choose between paying for rent or food. This can lead to increased social tensions and unrest, as people become increasingly frustrated with the unequal distribution of wealth.PovertyThe economic crisis can also lead to an increase in poverty rates within society. As unemployment rises and wages stagnate, many families may find themselves struggling to make ends meet. This can lead to a cycle of poverty, where individuals are unable to escape their circumstances and achieve economic stability. Poverty can have far-reaching effects on society, affecting everything from health outcomes to educational attainment. It is important for governments and policymakers to address the root causes of poverty and implement measures to support those most in need.Mental HealthThe economic crisis can have a significant impact on people's mental health, leading to increased rates of stress, anxiety, and depression. Uncertainty about the future, financialinsecurity, and job loss can all contribute to feelings of hopelessness and despair. This can have a ripple effect on society, leading to increased rates of substance abuse, domestic violence, and suicide. It is crucial for communities to come together and support one another during times of economic hardship, providing a safety net for those in need.ConclusionThe global economic crisis has had a profound impact on society, affecting people's lives in various ways. From employment and income inequality to poverty and mental health, the effects of the economic crisis are far-reaching and long-lasting. It is important for governments, businesses, and individuals to work together to address these challenges and build a more resilient and equitable society for all. By understanding the impact of the economic crisis on society, we can take steps to mitigate its effects and create a more just and sustainable future.篇3The Impact of Global Economic Crisis on SocietyThe global economic crisis that started in 2008 had a profound impact on societies all around the world. The crisis,which was triggered by the collapse of the housing market in the United States, resulted in widespread job losses, reduced incomes, and a general sense of economic insecurity. In this essay, we will explore the various ways in which the economic crisis affected different aspects of society.One of the most immediate effects of the economic crisis was the rise in unemployment rates. As companies struggled to stay afloat in the face of declining demand, they were forced to lay off workers in order to cut costs. This led to a sharp increase in the number of people who were out of work, which in turn put a strain on social welfare programs and increased the number of people living in poverty.The rise in unemployment also had a negative impact on mental health, as many people found themselves struggling to make ends meet and worried about their future prospects. This led to an increase in cases of anxiety, depression, and other mental health issues, which put additional strain on already stretched healthcare systems.The economic crisis also had a significant impact on social mobility, as those who were already disadvantaged found it even harder to escape poverty. With fewer job opportunities available, many people found themselves stuck in low-paying, insecurejobs with little prospect of advancement. This perpetuated cycles of poverty and inequality, making it even harder for those at the bottom of the socioeconomic ladder to climb their way up.Another way in which the economic crisis affected society was through its impact on education. As governments cut budgets in response to declining tax revenues, education systems around the world suffered from a lack of funding. This resulted in larger class sizes, fewer resources, and lower quality education for many students, particularly those from low-income backgrounds. This further exacerbated inequalities in society, as those who were already disadvantaged by their socioeconomic status were now also disadvantaged by their lack of access to quality education.The economic crisis also had a significant impact on social cohesion, as people became increasingly worried about their own financial security and less willing to help others. Trust in institutions and in each other declined, leading to a breakdown in social bonds and a sense of alienation and isolation. This had negative consequences for community cohesion and civil society, as people became more focused on their own needs and less willing to engage with others.In conclusion, the global economic crisis had a profound impact on society, affecting everything from employment to mental health to education. It widened inequalities, exacerbated social problems, and eroded social cohesion. As we continue to grapple with the long-term effects of the crisis, it is important to consider how we can build a more resilient and inclusive society that is better equipped to withstand future economic shocks. Only by working together and supporting one another can we hope to create a more just and equitable world for all.。
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Post-crisis US
The financial crisis started from 2008 has had a great influence on the USA in many aspects including politics, economy and people’s daily life.
Here are some datas about America from The World Bank: Year 2007 2008 2009
1.9 -0.0 -
2.6
GDP
growth(annual%)
Central government
46.5 54.9 67.1
debt, total (% of
GDP)
81 82 83
School enrollment,
tertiary (% gross)
Unemployment,
4.6
5.8 9.3
total (% of total
labor force)
From the datas above,we can have a look at post-crisis US.
The first of all , the speed of GDP growth of America has slowed down because of the crisis. It's GDP even decreased from 2008 to 2009. However, the USA is still the most developed country in the world.
Secondly, the central government debt was increasing in the period from 2007 to 2009. Due to the poor economy, the federal government even don't have enough money, and it has to borrow more and more.
Thirdly, the unemployment of total labor force increased at a surprising speed according to the sheet above. Unemployment
may cause more crimes and social unrest. And the people tended to complain about the government.Many people even lose hope on the future.
The last, the rate of school enrollment in tertiary had increased in the period from 2007 to 2009. Why? I think may be the reason is the unemployment. Because jobs are more difficult to look for,students prefer to stay at school rather than go to society where they can't find a job.
And that's some general analysis about post-crisis US.
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临床医学（七年制）
王运超 20105620829。