约翰·邓恩《跳蚤》中英文对照阅读
别出心裁的比喻——约翰·邓恩的《跳蚤》赏析
别出心裁的比喻——约翰·邓恩的《跳蚤》赏析《跳蚤》是约翰邓恩的文学作品，被誉为他最具文学特色的作品之一。
本文将对这篇小说进行分析，诠释作者如此优秀的文学创作，深入挖掘他那出神入化的文学创意，以及别出心裁的比喻。
《跳蚤》描述了一个关于城乡比较的故事。
主人公是一个年轻的乡村少年，父亲是当地的牧师。
一天，少年和他父亲得知一只被逐出城市的跳蚤来到了他们家，这只跳蚤像一个清醒的孩子，他见识狭窄，只知道城市的繁华，不知道乡村的美好。
随着父亲和少年的照顾，跳蚤逐渐认识到乡村的美，并开始探索它的温暖、简陋却充实的一面，最终，跳蚤选择了留在乡村，奔赴城市的梦想成为可望不可及的遗憾。
在这部小说中，约翰邓恩意在表现他对乡村的理解，乡村中的一些点滴小景，以及乡村的简单美味，这些都可以从书中有所体会。
例如，作者使用了一个充满比喻意义的心理模型，将跳蚤看作城乡的比喻，把少年的心理，乡村的历史，城市的躁动，以及他最终选择留在乡村的纠结，用一只跳蚤这样深刻的比喻，把乡村的共鸣和城市的分裂都表现得淋漓尽致。
另外，作者还使用了几个含蓄的比喻来描述乡村的美、乡村人民的勤劳以及乡村团聚之情。
其中，最有特色的就是作者用屋里烧开汤水的美景，像《跳蚤》中，少年把家里的肉汤拿到江边，让跳蚤吃，这句“有一线热汤的芳香”，充满了家的温馨温暖。
另一个比喻是，作者用放牛的早晨来描写满院芬芳的乡村风景，例如，少年和他父亲一起放牛，“牛在乡村里散步，牛嘴里吐出来的是落叶”，这样的比喻把乡村景象生动地还原了出来，充分展现出乡村的温馨。
此外，约翰邓恩在文学创作中另一个独特的重点就是隐晦的抒发了他的人生哲学思考。
《跳蚤》让人们感受到生活的本质，也向我们暗示：在我们追求财富、快乐的过程中，也要更多的欣赏与感受生活的本质。
在这样的思想哲学的背景下，约翰邓恩提出了“要接受自然，享受它的温暖和寂静，跟随它了解生活的本质”，这种价值观以及文学艺术上的表现能力，都让《跳蚤》具有深刻的意义，让我们从中获得茅塞顿开的心灵感悟。
约翰邓恩《跳蚤》
The Conceit of The FleaThis poem is recorded many times by others in Donne’s poetry. The poem is written in a way that is not so formal, but with a lot of conceit. This is, however, the biggest characteristic in this poem.Conceit is an elaborately developed metaphor. The first impression about the poem may be amazing or unreadable. While, if you taste it carefully, it seems to be quite reasonable and contain the philosophy of life. Donne uses the flea as an erotic image which seemingly has nothing to do with people. This kind of novelty, to some extent, is from his metaphysical style.The Flea briefly tells us about a man who persuaded and tempted a woman to give up the useless chastity, on the contrary, to pursue the constant happiness. During the persuasion, the author uses a media—a flea—to express his thoughts.In the first stanza, “Me it sucked first, and now sucks thee/ and in this flea our two bloods mingled be”, this sentence implies man shall be joined into his wife and they two shall be one flesh. And the way of mingling of the blood is through sex. “And pampered swells with one blood made of two”, actually, this sentence is the use of conceit, implying sex and pregnancy.In the second stanza, the man persuaded the woman not to kill the flea for the reason that there were three lives in the body of the flea. If you kill it, you would commit a crime of three lives. Then the author’s conceit exposes entirely. He regards the flea as a whole, just like a family—father, mother, and child. This is called holy trinity which is the further extension of the conceit.For the third stanza, the man came to the subject directly, and he hoped that his beloved could accept his love. The author uses a literary quotation. That is “purpled thy nail in blood of innocence”. “Blood of innocence” means the innocent blood of the child which is originated from the Bible. In my view, it indicates the simple and fair society that has been polluted by the cruel and darkness. Here, the use of conceit seems to be a satire to the society or to the people who are fettered by the principles. This poem is just like a comedy. From the argumentation, as if we were standing there to witness the dialogues between them, especially the three words: mark, stay and cruel and sudden. Although the use of conceit makes the poem absurd and witty, the main idea was expressed in a way that will not have us feel filthy, and was clearly conveyed the bare desire of the man.With the use of conceit, the content is fantastic. And the readers will have a n impression about the author’s showing off his wit. However, the argumentation is reasonable. There is no doubt that the application of the figure of speech is a successful example. The Flea is a meaningful poem to ponder deeply over its conceit and figure of speech and to explore the deep meaning hidden by the author.。
跳蚤
诗歌《跳蚤》之分析诗歌《跳蚤》是约翰.邓恩最负盛名的一首诗之一，也是“玄学派”的代表诗作之一。
读了这首诗之后，我感触颇深。
首先要说的是这首诗所用的奇思妙想，在这首诗中，诗人说被跳蚤叮过的两个人的血混合在跳蚤体内，那么就意味着这两个人结婚了。
跳蚤本来是最恶心的动物之一，现在邓恩竟然把跳蚤比喻为婚床，是婚姻的象征。
这种将两种反差巨大的事物联系在一起的方法，正是奇思妙想的写诗方法的一大特色。
同时这也从侧面反映了作者此时的心情，也许他由于某种原因，不能和自己喜欢的人结婚。
而由于自身的居住条件，他也许也刚好看到了一只跳蚤，于是他把自己这种失落的心情赋予在了跳蚤身上。
但由于他深爱着对方，看到跳蚤，他幻想着被跳蚤叮过的他和对方在跳蚤的体内结婚。
这种幻想，是作者在极度绝望的情况下的一种奢望。
然后是这首诗的逻辑，这首诗的逻辑非同一般的绕。
作者首先运用了想象，说跳蚤叮了你，又叮了我，那么我们就算结婚了。
然后又说对方不能杀死那只跳蚤，否则，对方会犯三宗罪。
这三宗罪我认为是杀人、自杀和渎神。
这说明作者想向对方传达一个信息：婚姻是如此重要的一件事，，你我都应该认真地对待，千万不要轻易地扼杀婚姻。
同时作者也在暗示对方：如果你深爱着我，那就和我结婚吧。
如果爱我却拒绝我，那就相当于犯罪了。
接着作者又回到了现实，他写道，即使对方杀了那只跳蚤，那也不会对他们的爱情造成丝毫的影响。
因为跳蚤就是跳蚤，与他们的爱情、婚姻没有丝毫的关系，所以杀了那只跳蚤又会有什么影响呢？作者借此比喻即使你不同意和我结婚，那又有什么影响呢？那没有一点的影响。
从某种程度上来看，作者像一个情场失意者，像在自我安慰一样。
跳蚤和教授的读后感读后感
跳蚤和教授的读后感读后感英文回答：After reading "Flea" and "Professor", I found both stories to be quite thought-provoking and engaging. "Flea" by John Donne is a witty and humorous poem that uses the metaphor of a flea to explore themes of love and intimacy. The speaker uses the flea as a way to persuade his lover to have sex with him, arguing that since their blood is already mixed in the flea, they are already united in a physical sense. I found the poem to be clever and playful, with a surprising twist at the end when the lover kills the flea, rejecting the speaker's advances.On the other hand, "Professor" by Nissim Ezekiel is a more serious and introspective poem that delves into the complexities of academia and intellectualism. The poem portrays the struggles of a professor who is disillusioned with his job and feels disconnected from his students. The professor is described as a lonely figure who is trapped inhis own thoughts, unable to break free from the monotony of his life. I found the poem to be poignant and melancholic, highlighting the isolation that can come from being too focused on intellectual pursuits.Overall, both "Flea" and "Professor" offer unique insights into human relationships and the challenges that come with love and intellectualism. They both made me reflect on the ways in which we connect with others and the importance of finding a balance between passion and reason in our lives.中文回答：读完《跳蚤》和《教授》之后，我觉得这两篇文章都很发人深思，引人入胜。
英美文学复习资料100题
1.the work that presented,for the first time in English literature,a comprehensive realistic picture of the medieval English society and created a whole gallery of vivid character from all walks of life is Geoffrey Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales. 在英国文学里提到的作品里，第一次全面逼真地刻画了中世纪英国社会，创造了一个来自各行各业的生动画面的作品是杰弗里·乔叟的坎特伯雷故事集。
2.Geoffrey Chaucer is regarded as the father of English poetry. 乔叟被视为英文诗歌之父，3.The verse form of heroic couplet was introduced into English poetry and employed in the poem with true ease and charm for the first time in the history of English literature by Geoffrey Chaucer. 在英国文学史上，第一次在英文诗中引入英雄对联诗体，真正方便和体现了诗的魅力，是有乔叟开始的。
4.The Canterbury Tales presents a whole gallery of vivid characters,the team of pilgrims,people from all walks of life,including 31 members altogether. 坎特伯雷故事集呈现的是从各行各业的所有人的生动的人物形象，比如朝圣者的队伍，其中一共包括31名成员。
别出心裁的比喻——约翰·邓恩的《跳蚤》赏析
别出心裁的比喻——约翰·邓恩的《跳蚤》赏析
约翰邓恩是20世纪英国著名诗人和散文家，他的作品表现出独
特的风格和哲学思考，在这一时期及以后的诗歌史中成为标志性的象征。
《跳蚤》是约翰邓恩的处女作，它是以比喻的方式来表达他的思想，深刻地揭示出人类的苦难和欲望。
《跳蚤》的主题是人的欲望和对未知的恐惧，从不同的角度探讨了充斥在现实生活中的矛盾和抗争。
约翰邓恩利用一只跳蚤作为比喻，来表达人们内心的欲望和恐惧。
在诗中，跳蚤暗喻了人类对未知事物的恐惧，但又不由自主地被它吸引，想要探索它们。
然而，当探索未知时，人们又会面临着很多苦难，这就构成了人与未知之间艰苦的抗争。
跳蚤作为比喻，有着深刻的内涵：当它受到惊吓时，它就会仓皇逃跑；但它仍旧会有吸引力，无论是受到惊吓的多少，也无法抵抗未知事物的诱惑，依旧被它吸引。
这也暗示了人们对探索未知的热望，但又不敢大胆去做，可见约翰邓恩把比喻运用得颇为巧妙。
《跳蚤》用简洁的语言，表达了约翰邓恩的思想。
浅显的哲学思想和重要的比喻都渗透在诗的字里行间，对这首诗有着极深的理解。
约翰邓恩依靠一只跳蚤更有力地表达了他的智慧和洞察力。
他把比喻用作诗歌的精髓，给读者以深刻的启示，以及关于生活矛盾内涵的隐喻。
在约翰邓恩的《跳蚤》中，有别出心裁的比喻，表达了他对人类欲望和恐惧的深刻洞察力。
他把跳蚤作为比喻，表达出人类对未知事
物的恐惧与欲望，以及这两者之间的艰苦抗争。
同时，他又利用跳蚤显示出它们之间残酷的关系，让读者了解到虚无缥缈之中所隐藏的深刻真理。
从这可见，约翰邓恩利用跳蚤构建的比喻，对当代的英国及以后的诗歌史产生了重大的影响。
约翰·邓恩《跳蚤》中的陌生化艺术
外国文学约翰·邓恩《跳蚤》中的陌生化艺术魏凤姣邵阳学院摘要：“陌生化”技巧强调艺术的体验性与新鲜的直观感受。
本文以约翰·邓恩《跳蚤》为例，分析诗作中思维模式和语言表达的陌生化，通过诗人别出心裁的取喻和戏剧性独白的运用，使《跳蚤》散发永恒魅力。
关键词：陌生化；跳蚤约翰·邓恩(1572-1631)是17世纪玄学派诗人的典型代表，德莱顿称他“喜弄玄学”，爱情诗本应言情说爱，“他却用哲学的微妙的思想，把女性们的头脑弄糊涂了”(转引自李正栓 2005：62)。
他的一生历经曲折动荡，坎坷的经历使他的诗作弥漫着怀疑、反叛的情绪，更是他大胆革新，勇于打破传统的源泉，正所谓“诗人不幸诗之幸”。
约翰·邓恩的诗歌不拘一格，富含奇思妙想，咋一看觉得天马行空，生拉硬凑，细想不仅令人拍案叫绝。
他别出心裁的比喻新颖独特，即使是爱情诗作也不乏推理与思辨，《跳蚤》便是被收录次数最多的诗篇之一。
该诗以诗人向情人求爱的口语体写成，语气富有调侃，比喻怪诞，意象奇特，推理超乎意料，这与“陌生化”艺术不谋而合，反映邓恩式的奇想。
一、陌生化艺术“陌生化”这一术语是俄国形式主义大师维多克·什克洛夫斯基提出的。
他指出“艺术的技法是使事物陌生化，使形式变得困难，加大感知的难度和长度。
因为感知过程本身就是审美过程，必须设法延长。
”将熟悉事物非熟悉化，能唤醒人们对生活的真实感受，克服知觉的过度自动化。
实现“陌生化”的途径多种多样，语言表达、叙事策略、结构布局、情节安排等都可以摆脱一贯的做法，化腐朽为神奇，让人产生耳目一新的感觉。
本文将从思维模式和语言形式两方面探讨《跳蚤》中的陌生化技巧，从而更进一步欣赏约翰·邓恩诗作的美感与张力。
二、陌生化技巧在《跳蚤》中的表现(一)思维模式的陌生化——别出心裁的比喻《跳蚤》没有爱情诗中常见的玫瑰、胡桃等意象，取而代之的是画风奇特的跳蚤，初看令人匪夷所思。
跳蚤是嗜血类昆虫，在中西方文化中，它都是被人们所厌弃的。
john-donne-英国诗人约翰邓恩(英文版)PPT(全)全文
The Metaphysical School
• The diction is simple, and echoes the words and cadences of common speech.
• The imagery is drawn from the actual life.
• The form is frequently that of an argument with the poet’s beloved, with god, or with himself.
subtle and often outrageous logic.
• It is usually organized in the dramatic or rhetorical form of an urgent or heated argument (first drawing in the reader and then launching the argument).
Donne's first literary work, satires was written during this period . This was followed by Songs and Sonnets.
Then in 1617 Anne Donne died in giving birth to the couple's 12th child. Her death affected Donne greatly, though he continued to write, notably Holy Sonnets (1618).
Mighty and dreadful, for, thou art not soe,...
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The Flea
跳蚤
约翰·邓恩
Mark but this flea, and mark in this,
看呀，这只跳蚤，叮在这里，
How little that which thou deniest me is;
你对我的拒绝多么微不足道；
Me it sucked first, and now sucks the,
它先叮我，现在又叮你，
And in this flea our two bloods mingled be;
我们的血液在它体内溶和；
Thou know'st that this cannot be said
你知道这是不能言说的
A sin, or shame, or loss of maidenhead,
罪恶、羞耻、贞操的丢失，
Yet this enjoys before it woo,
它没有向我们请求就得到享受，
And pampered swells with one blood made of two, 饱餐了我们的血滴后大腹便便，
And this, alas, is more than we would do.
这种享受我们无能企及。
Oh stay, three lives in one flea spare,
住手，一只跳蚤，三条生命啊，
Where we almost, nay more than married are.
它的身体不只是见证我们的婚约。
This flea is you and I, and this
还是你和我，
Our marriage bed and marriage temple is;
我们的婚床，婚姻的殿堂；
Though parents grudge, and you, we are met, 父母怨恨，你不情愿，我们还是相遇，
And cloisered in these living walls of jet.
并躲藏在黝黑的有生命的墙院里。
Though use make you apt to kill me
尽管你会习惯地拍死跳蚤，
Let not to that, self-murder added be, 千万别，这会杀了我，也增加你的自杀之罪，
And sacrilege, three sins in killing three.
杀害三条生命会亵渎神灵。
Cruel and sudden, hast thou since
多么残忍，你毫无犹豫
Purpled thy nail in blood of innocence?
用无辜的鲜血染红自己的指甲？
Wherein could this flea guilty be,
它不过吸了你一滴血
Except in that drop which it sucked from thee?
罪不至死啊？
Yet thou triumph'st, and say'st that thou
你却以胜利者的口吻说
Find'st not thy self nor me the weaker now;
你我并没有因失血而有些虚弱；
'Tis true; then learn how false fears be:
的确，担心不过是虚惊一场：
Just so much honor, when thou yield'st to me,
接受我的爱，
Will waste, as this flea's death look life from thee.
你的名誉不会有丝毫损失，
就象跳蚤之死不会让你的生命有所损失。