2003年大学俄语四级答案解析
2003年09月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷(含答案)
2003年9月四级试题Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.A rectal study, published in last week’s Journal of the American Medical Association, offers a picture of how risky it is to get a lift from a teenage driver, Indeed, a 16-year-old driver with three or more passengers is three times as likely to have a fatal accident as a teenager driving alone, By contrast, the risk of death for drivers between 30 and 59 decreases with each additional passenger.The author also found that the death rates for teenage drivers increased dramatically after 10 p.m., and especially after midnight, With passengers in the car, the driver was even more likely to die in a late-night accident.Robert Foss, a scientist at the University of North Carolina Highway Safety Research Center, says the higher death rates for teenage drivers have less to do with “really stupid behavior” than with just a lack of driving experience. “The basic issue.” Be says, “is that adults who are responsible for issuing licenses fail to recognize how complex and skilled a task driving is.”Both he and the author of the study believe that the way to mitigate (使…缓解)the problem is to have states institute so-called graduated licensing systems, in which getting a license is a multistage process. A graduated license requires that a teenager first prove himself capable of driving in the presence of an adult, followed by a period of driving with night of massager restrictions, before graduating to full driving privileges.Graduated licensing systems have reduced teenage driver crashes, according to recent studies, About half of the states now have some sort of graduated licensing system in place, but only 10 of those states have restrictions on passengers, California is the strictest, with a novice (新手) driver prohibited from carrying any passenger under 20(without the presence of an adult over 25)for the first six months.21. Which of the following situations is most dangerous according to the passage?A) Adults giving a lift to teenagers on the highway after 10 p.m.B) A teenager driving after midnight with passengers in the car.C) Adults driving with three or more teenage passengers late at night.D) A teenager getting a lift from a stranger on the highway at midnight.22. According to Robert Foss. The high death rate of teenage drivers is mainly due to ______.A) their frequent driving at nightB) their improper way of drivingC) their lack of driving experienceD) their driving with passengers23. According to Paragraph 3. which of the following statements is TRUE?A) Teenagers should spend more time learning to drive.B) Driving is a skill too complicated for teenagers to learn.C) Restrictions should be imposed on teenagers applying to take driving lessons.D) The licensing authorities are partly responsible for teenagers' driving accidents.24. A suggested measure to be taken to reduce teenagers' driving accidents is that ________ .A) driving in the presence of an adult should be made a ruleB) they should be prohibited from taking on passengersC) they should not be allowed to drive after 10 p.m.D) the licensing system should be improved25. The present situation in about half of the states is that the graduatedlicensing system ________.A) is under discussionB) is about to be set upC) has been put into effectD) has been perfectedPassage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.If you know exactly what you want, the best route to a job is to get specialized training. A recent survey shows that companies the graduates in such fields as business and health care who can go to work immediately with very little on-the-job training.That's especially true of booing fields that are challenging for workers. AtCornell's School of Hotel Administration, for example, bachelor's degree graduates get an average of four or five jobs offers with salaries ranging from the high teens to the low 20s and plenty of chances for rapid advancement. Large companies, especially, like a background of formal education coupled with work experience.But in the long run, too much specialization doesn't pay off. Business, which has been flooded with MBAs, no longer considers the degree an automatic stamp of approval. The MBA may open doors and command a higher salary initially, but the impact of a degree washes out after five years.As further evidence of the erosion (销蚀) of corporate (公司的) faith in specialized degrees, Michigan State’s Scheetz cites a pattern in corporate hiring practices, Although companies tend to take on specialists as new hires, they often seek out generalists for middle and upper-level management.“They want someone who isn’t constrained (限制) by nuts and bolts to look at the big picture,”says Scheetz.This sounds suspiciously like a formal statement that you approve of the liberal-arts graduate. Time and again labor-market analysts mention a need for talents that liberal-arts majors are assumed to have: writing and communication skills, organizational skills, open-mindedness and adaptability, and the ability to analyze and solve problems, David Birch claims he does not hire anybody with an MBA or an engineering degree, “I hire only liberal-arts people because they have a less-than-canned way of doing things,” says Birch. Liberal-arts means an academically thorough and strict program that includes literature, history, mathematics, economics, science, human behavior—plus a computer course or two. With that under your belt, you can feel free to specialize, “A liberal-arts degree coupled with an MBA or some other technical training is a very good combination in the marketplace,” says Scheetz.26. What kinds of people are in high demand on the job market?A) Students with a bachelor's degree in humanities.B) People with an MBA degree front top universities.C) People with formal schooling plus work experience.D) People with special training in engineering27. By saying “…but the impact of a degree washes out after five years” (Line3, Para, 3), the author means ________.A) most MBA programs fail to provide students with a solid foundationB) an MBA degree does not help promotion to managerial positionsC) MBA programs will not be as popular in five years' time as they are nowD) in five people will forget about the degree the MBA graduates have got28. According to Scheetz's statement (Lines 4-5. Para. 4), companies prefer ________.A) people who have a strategic mindB) people who are talented in fine artsC) people who are ambitious and aggressiveD) people who have received training in mechanics29. David Birch claims that he only hires liberal-arts people because ________.A) they are more capable of handling changing situationsB) they can stick to established ways of solving problemsC) they are thoroughly trained in a variety of specialized fieldsD) they have attended special programs in management30. Which of the following statements does the author support?A) Specialists are more expensive to hire than generalists.B) Formal schooling is less important than job training.C) On-the-job training is, in the long run, less costly.D) Generalists will outdo specialists in management.Passage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.About six years ago I was eating lunch in a restaurant in New York City when a woman and a young boy sat down at the next table, I couldn’t help overhearing parts of their conversation. At one point the woman asked: "So, how have you been?" And the boy—who could not have been more than seven or eight years old —replied. "Frankly, I've been feeling a little depressed lately.''This incident stuck in my mind because it confirmed my growing belief that children are changing. As far as I can remember, my friends and I didn’t find out we were “depressed” until we were in high school.The evidence of a change in children has increased steadily in recent years. Children don’t seem childlike anymore. Children speak more like adults, dress more like adults and behave more like adults than they used to.Whether this is good or bad is difficult to say, but it certainly is different. Childhood as it once was no longer exists, Why?Human development is based not only on innate (天生的) biological states, but also on patterns of access to social knowledge. Movement from one social role to another usually involves learning the secrets of the new status. Children have always been taught adult secrets, but slowly and in stages: traditionally, we tell sixth graders things we keep hidden from fifth graders.In the last 30 years. however, a secret-revelation (揭示) machine has been installed in 98 percent of American homes. It is called television, Television passes information, and indiscriminately (不加区分地), to all viewers alike, be they children or adults. Unable to resist the temptation, many children turn their attention from printed texts to the less challenging, more vivid moving pictures.Communication through print, as a matter of fact, allows for a great deal of control over the social information to which children have access. Reading and writing involve a complex code of symbols that must be memorized and practices. Children must read simple books before they can read complex materials.31. According to the author, feeling depressed is ________.A) a sure sign of a psychological problem in a childB) something hardly to be expected in a young childC) an inevitable has of children's mental developmentD) a mental scale present in all humans, including children32. Traditionally, a child is supposed to learn about the adult world ________.A) through contact with societyB) gradually and under guidanceC) naturally and by biological instinctD)through exposure to social information33. The phenomenon that today’s children seem adultlike is attributed by the author to ________.A) the widespread influence of televisionB) the poor arrangement of teaching contentC) the fast pace of human intellectual developmentD) the constantly rising standard of living34. Why is the author in favor of communication through print for children?A) It enables children to gain more social information.B) It develops children's interest in reading and writing.C) It helps children to memorize and practice more.D) It can control what children are to learn.35. What does the author think of the change in today’s children?A) He feels amused by chair premature behavior.B) He thinks it is a phenomenon worthy of note.C) He considers it a positive development.D) He seems to be upset about it.Passage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage."Opinion" is a word that is used carelessly today. It is used to refer to matters of taste, belief, and judgment. This casual use would probably cause little confusion if people didn’t attach too much importance to opinion. Unfortunately, most to attach great importance to it. "I have as much right to my opinion as you to yours, '' and ''Everyone’s entitled to his opinion, '' are common expressions. In fact, anyone who would challenge another's opinion is likely to be branded intolerant.Is that label accurate? Is it intolerant to challenge another's opinion? It depends on what definition of opinion you have in mind. For example, you may ask a friend, “What do you think of the new Ford cars?” And he may reply, "In my opinion, they're ugly." In this case, it would not only be intolerant to challenge his statement, but foolish. For it's obvious that by opinion he means his personal preference, a matter of taste. And as the old saying goes, ''It's pointless to argue about matters of taste."But consider this very different use of the term, a newspaper reports that the Supreme Court has delivered its opinion in a controversial case. Obviously the justices did not shale their personal preferences, their mere likes and dislikes, they stated their considered judgment, painstakingly arrived at after thorough inquiry and deliberation.Most of what is referred to as opinion falls somewhere between these two extremes. It is not an expression of taste. Nor is it careful judgment. Yet it may contain elements of both. It is a view or belief more or less casually arrived at, with or without examining the evidence.Is everyone entitled to his opinion? Of course, this is not only permitted, butguaranteed. We are free to act on our opinions only so long as, in doing so, we do not harm others.36. Which of the following statements is TRUE, according to the author?A) Everyone has a right to hold his own opinion.B) Free expression of opinions often leads to confusion.C) Most people tend to be careless in forming their opinions.D) Casual use of the word "opinion" often brings about quarrels.37. According to the author, who of the following would be labored as intolerant?A) Someone who turns a deaf ear to others' opinions.B) Someone who can't put up with others' tastes.C) Someone who values only their own opinions.D) Someone whose opinion harm. other people.38. The new Ford cars are cited as an example to show that ________.A) it is foolish to criticize a famous brandB) one should not always agree to others' opinionsC) personal tastes are not something to be challengedD) it is unwise to express one's likes and dislikes in public39. Considered judgment is different from personal preference in that ________.A) it is stated by judges in the courtB) it reflects public like and dislikesC) it is a result of a lot of controversyD) it is based on careful thought40. As indicated in the passage, being free to act on one's opinion ________.A) means that one can ignore other people's criticismB) means that one can impose his pre6ereaccs on othersC) doesn't mean that one has the right to do things at willD) doesn't mean that one has the right to charge others without evidence Part Ⅲ Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences it: this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose cite ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the Corresponding letter on theAnswer Sheet with a single line through the centre.41. The beam that is ______ by a laser differs in several ways from the lightthat comes out of a flashlight.A) emitted B) transported C ) motivated D) translated42. We booked rooms at the hotel ________we should find no vacancies on our arrival.A) whenever B) if C) since D) lest43. Modern forms of transportation and communication have done much to________ the isolation of life in Alaska.A) break through B) break down C) break into D) break out44. We know through painful experience that freedom is never by theoppressor; it must be ________ by the oppressed.A) demanded B) commanded C) required D) requested45. Color and sex are not relevant ________ whether a person is suitable for the job.A) on B) for C) to D) with46. ________ the enormous flow of food from the entire globe, these countrieshave for many years not felt any population pressure.A) Thanks to B) By means of C) In line with D) With regard to47. Research universities have to keep up with the latest computer andscientific hardware ________ price.A) On account of B) regardless of C) in addition to D) not to mention48. Three university departments have been ________ $600,000 to developgood practice in teaching and learning.A) promoted B) included C) secured D) awarded49. The rapid development of communications technology is transforming the________ in which people communicate across time and space.A) mood B) mission C) manner D) vision50. Mr. Jones holds strong views against video games and ________ theclosing of all recreation facilities for such games.A) assists B) acknowledges C) advocates D) admits51. Workers in the fine arts ________ thoughts and feelings through their creative works.A) transmit B) elaborate C) convey D) contribute52. Small as it is, the ant is as much a creature as ________ all other animals on earth.A) are B) do C) is D) have53. The policeman declared that the blow on the victim's head ________ from behind.A) should have been made B) must have been madeC) would have been made D) ought to have been made54. Finding a job can be __ and disappointing, and therefore it is important that you are prepared.A) exploiting B) frustrating C) profiting D) misleading55. It British government often says that furnishing children with ________ tothe information superhighway is a top priority.A) procedure B）protection C) allowance D)access56. Louis Herman, at the University of Hawall, has ________ a series of newexperiments in which some animals have learned to understand sentences.A) installed B) equipped C) devised D) formatted57. Researchers at the University of Illinois determined that the ________ of afather can help improve a child’s grades.A) involvement B) interaction C) association D) communication58. We can accept your order ________ payment is made in advance.A)in the belief that B) in order that C) on the excuse that D) on condition that59. Many in the credit industry expect that credit cards will eventually________ paper money for almost every purchase.A) exchange B) reduce C)replace D)trade60. Any donation you can give will help us ________ the suffering andisolation of the homeless this New Year.A) lift B) patch C) comfort D) ease61. In India more than one hundred languages are spoken, ________ whichonly fourteen are recognized as official.A) of B) in C) with D) within62. Techniques for ________ sleep would involve learning to control bothmind and body so that sleep can occur.A) cultivating B) promoting C) pushing D)strengthening63. It is important to ________ between the rules of grammar and theconventions of written language.A) determine B) promoting C)explore D)distinguish64. It is too early to say whether IBM’s competitors will be able to ________their products to the new hardware at an affordable cost.A) adapt B)stick C) yield D)adopt65. This research has attracted wide coverage in the ________ and has featuredon BBC television’s Tomorrow’s World.A) data B)source C)message D)media66.I had just posted the letter when I remembered that hadn’t ________ the cheque.A) imposed B) involved C)enclosed D)contained67. She had a tense expression on her face, ________ she were expecting trouble.A) even though B) as though C)even as D) now that68. They were ________ admission to the military exhibition because they were foreigners.A) denied B) declined C)deprived D) rejected69. It gave me a strange feeling of excitement to see my name in ________.A) prospect B) print C) process D) press70. Residents were cutting their lawns, washing their cars and otherwise________a pleasant, sunny day.A) idling away B) taking away C) chasing away D) driving awayPart Ⅳ Short Answer Questions (15 minutes)Directions: In this part there is a short passage with 8 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in fewest possible words. Your answer may be a word, a phrase, or a short sentence. Write your answers in the spaces provided on the right of the page.Sports is one of the world’s largest industries, and most athletes are professionals who are paid for their efforts. Because an athlete succeeds by achievement only—not by economic background or family connections—sports can be a fast route to wealth, and many athletes play only for money than for love.This has not always been true. In the ancient Olympics the winner got only a wreath of olive leaves (橄榄叶花环). Even though the winners became national heroes, the games remained amateur for centuries. Athletes won fame, but no money. As time passed, however, the contests became increasingly less amateur and cities began to hire athletes to represent them. By the fourth century A.D., the Olympics were ruined, and they were soon ended.In 1896, the Olympic games were revived (使再度兴起)with the same goal of pure amateur competition. The rules bar athletes who have ever received a $50 prize or an athletic scholars or who have spent four weeks in a training camp. At least one competitor in the 1896 games met these qualifications. He was Spiridon Loues, a water carrier who won the marathon race, after race, a rich Athenian offered him anything he wanted. A true amateur, Loues accepted only a cart and a horse. Then he gave up running forever. But Loues was an exception and now, as the Chairman of the German Olympic Committee said, “Nobody pays any attention to these rules.” Many countries pay their athletes to train year-round, and Olympic athletes are eager to sell their names to companies that make everything from ski equipment to fast food.Even the games themselves have become a huge business. Countries fight to hold the Olympics not only for honor, but for money. The 1972 games in Munich cost the Germans 545 million dollars, but by selling medal symbols, TV rights, food, drink ,hotel rooms, and souvenirs (纪念品), they managed to make a profit. Appropriately, the symbol of victory in the Olympic games is no longer a simple olive wreath—it is a gold medal.S1. To many people, sports today is nothing S1.________ but.S2. What do most athletes of today go after? S2.________S3. What reward could an ancient Greek athlete S3.________ expect?S4. By the fourth century A.D., Olympic contests became increasingly more S4. _______ thus ruining the Olympics.S5. When the Olympic games were revived in S5.________ 1896, athletes who had received special training in camps would be S5.S6. What did Spiridon Loues do after he accepted S6.________ the Athenian’s gift?S7. According to the author, some athletes are S7.________ Even willing toadvertise for businesses Which sell things like S7.S8. The 1972 Munich games managed to make S8. (1)________ a big profit mainly by S8. (1) services (2)________ and selling S8 (2).Part Ⅴ Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic The Day My Classmate Fell Ill (or Got Injured). You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:1.简单叙述一下这位同学生病（或受伤）的情况2.同学、老师和我是如何帮助他/她的3.人与人之间的这种相互关爱给我的感受是……The Day My Classmate Fell Ill (or Got Injured)2003年9月四级试题详解PartⅡ Reading Comprehension21---25 B C D D C 26---30 C B A A D31---35 B B A D B 36---40 A B C D CPart Ⅲ Vocabulary and Structure41---45 A D A A C 46---50 A B D C C 51---55 C A B B D56---60 C A D C D 61---65 A B D A D 66---70 C B A B APart Ⅳ Short Answer QuestionsS1 a fast route to wealthS2 moneyS3 a wreath of olive leaves / olive wreathS4 professionalS5 barredS6 He gave up running forever./ Giving up running forever. S7 Ski equipment and fast foodS8 (1) hotel(2) medal symbols, TV rights, souvenirs, food and drinks。
2003年大学英语四级考试模拟试题（四）参考答案及听力原文
2003年大学英语四级考试模拟试题（四）参考答案及听力原
文
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【期刊名称】《英语通：大学英语四级考试版》
【年(卷),期】2003(000)006
【总页数】2页(P61-62)
【作者】无
【作者单位】无
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】H310.42
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2003年9月大学英语四级考试试题及参考答案（4）
大学俄语四级答案解析
大学俄语四级答案解析(总18页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--00年大学俄语四级答案解析2006-3-31 16:42Часть 1 АУДИРОВАНИЕА.1.а2.а3.в4.а5.бБ.6.в7.б8.а9.а 10.в11.в 12.а 13.б 14.в 15.вЧАСТЬ 2 ЧТЕНИЕ16. В 17. В 18. Б 19. В 20. Б21. В 22. В 23. А 24. В 25. В26. В 27. А 28. Б 29. А 30. АЧАСТЬ 3 СЛОВАИГРАММАТИКА31. А 32. В 33. Б 34. А 35. В36. А 37. Б 38. Б 39. А 40. Б41. А 42. В 43. Б 44. А 45. А46. Б 47. В 48. А 49. В 50. Б51. Ему52. внимателен53. выраженная54. педагогическойработой55. работающий56. самому57. вхудожественнойработе58. себя59. вошедших60. надязыкомЧАСТЬ 4 ПЕРЕВОД61. 显然，一个人周围日常社会环境在其成人思维的形成中起着很大作用。
62．甚至当代大多数家长和老师都想让自己孩子们的幸福和周围人们的幸福相联系。
63．如果父亲自己躺在沙发上，而妻子在洗餐具时，他不能强迫儿子去帮助母亲。
64. 所有的好处，给自己的话，如果你不是最后一个，那么剩余的人会依次得到这些好处。
65. 应当经常遵循这样一个规则：你可以做什么，那么其他人也可以做，而其他人不能做什么，那你也不能去做。
2000年大学俄语四级考试答案及详解一、听力理解 (听力材料在最后）1. 根据НуМаша, ничегонетлучшевмолодости, утебявсёесть: работа, любовь判断。
2003年英语专业四级考试试题答案与详解
2003年英语专业四级考试试题答案与详解听力原文PART ⅡDICTATIONSalmonEvery year, millions of salmon swim from the ocean into the mouths of rivers and then steadily up the rivers. Passing through waters, around rocks and waterfalls, the fish finally reach their original streams or lakes. They dig out nests in the riverbed and lay their eggs. Then, exhausted by their journey, the parent salmon die. They have finished the task that nature has given them. Months, or years later, the young fish start their trip to the ocean. They live in the salt water from 2-7 years, until they, too are ready to swim back to reproduce. Their life cycle helps man provide himself with a basic food-fish. When the adult salmon gather at the river mouths for the annual trip up the rivers, they are in the best possible condition, and nearly every harbor has its salmon fishing fleet ready to catch thousands for markets.Now, you have two minutes to check through your work.PART ⅢLISTENING COMPREHENSIONIn sections A, B and C, you will hear everything once only. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your answer sheet.SECTION A STA TEMENTIn this section, you will hear seven statements. At the end of each statement you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.1. You must relax. Don’t work too hard. And do watch your drinking and smoking.2.We hadn’t quite expected the committee to agree to rebuild the hospital, so we were taken aback when we got to know that it had finally agreed.3.The coach leaves the station every 20 minutes. It’s 9:15now, and you have to wait for five minutes for the next one.4.Perhaps Jane shouldn’t have got married in the first place. No one knows what she might have been doing now, but not washing up. That’s for sure!5.I happen to be working on a similar project at the moment. I am only too pleased to help you.6.The man arrived for the ceremony with patched jackets and faded jeans that the average person would save for mowing the lawn in his garden at the weekend.7.Mark! Here you are! This is the last place in the world I would have expected to find you.SECTION B CONVERSA TIONIn this section you will hear 10 short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.8. W: I couldn’t stand this morning. My right leg went stiff.M: I’m afraid it’s probably a side-effect from the drugs I put you on.9. W: How did your writing go this morning? Is the book coming along alright?M: I’m not sure. I think the rest of it will be difficult to write.10. W: Is there anything you can do to make the cold go away more quickly?M: No, there isn’t. And a cold isn’t really serious enough for a visit to a doctor.11. W:Look! What have I got here!M: Oh. So you did go to that bookstore!12. M: Excuse me. Has there been an emergency?W: Oh, no sir. There’s just a storm, so the plane will leave a little later this afternoon.13. W: I wish I hadn’t hurt Linda’s feeling like that yesterday. You know I never meant to.M: The great thing about Linda is that she doesn’t hold any grudges. By tomorrow she’ll have forgotten all about it.14. M: My grades are not bad, but not good enough. I know I didn’t study at all this semester. Now I have to work very hard next semester to keep my scholarship.W:I’ll see you in the library, then.15. W: I’ll wear this blue jacket for the evening. I like the color on me, don’t you think?M:I think it looks terrific on you-really!16. W: Do you know that Sam turned down that job offer by a travel agency?M: Yeah. The hours were convenient, but had he accepted it, he wouldn’t have been able to make ends meet.17. W: At the rate it is being used, the printer is not going to make it through the rest of the year.M: The year? It is supposed to be good for four!SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTQuestions 18 and 19 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.The U.N resolution calls for greater international intelligence and law enforcement cooperation. And it requires states to change their banking laws in order to police the global network of terrorisms financiers. It makes providing funds for terror activities a criminal offence and would freeze bank accounts of those who sponsor terrorism.Questions 20 and 21 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.A police spokesman said the devices were made safe by explosive experts in the Ardorn district, where a woman was shot in the leg and 13 police officers were injured during a second successive night of viol ence. Northern Ireland’s police chief had earl ier called on community leaders to work together to end the violence. The violence has erupted sporadically throughout a summer of Sectarian tension in northern Belfast.Question 22 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.Airlines are being hit with huge increases to ensure their planes after the terrorist attacks in the United States. Goshork Insurance Holdings, which ensures aircraft around the world, said rates had soared as much as 10 fold since the September 11th terror attacks. Airlines around theworld have cut services and dismissed staff as their business has plunged in the wake of the crisis. They are also struggling with increased security costs.Questions 23 and 24 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.A Pakistani lawyer said the resumption of the trial of eight foreign aid workers accused of preaching Christianity in Afghanistan has been put off until Sunday. He had met earlier Saturday with the aid workers, 2 Americans, 2 Australians, and 4 Germans. They insist they were in Afghanistan to help the poor, not to convert them. The penalty for these captured aid workers could range from expulsion to a jail term and death sentence.Question 25 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.On the 20th anniversary of the first official report on AIDS, the head of the United Nations AIDS program warns that the deadly disease may only be at its early stages in many parts of the world. Dr. Piu said the disease has already reached staggering proportions since first being identified in 1981. 58 million people worldwide have contracted the HIV virus, which causes AIDS, while 22 million have died from related illnesses. The UN estimates the world’s HIV positive population at 36 million, including 25 million in sub-Saharan Africa.International officials warn the disease will have disastrous political, social, and economic consequences in many developing countries.This is the end of listening comprehension.答案与详解PART ⅠWRITINGSECTION A COMPOSITIONTHE IMPORTANCE OF KEEPING A GOOD MOOD People in modern society live under a lot of pressure. I see three kinds of pressure working on people today: pressure from education, family and career. It is easy to blame the school for charging too much money, the family members for the heavy burden, the society for the fierce competition. I think people should relax. It is important for them to keep a good mood under whatever circumstances.Long gone are the days when people lived their life with a certain relaxation, sampling a wide variety of activities—film, music, art, poetry. But now, a lot of people suffer from a lot of pressure. They can’t communicate well w ith co-workers and family members, and have unbalanced, one-dimensional lives. Some people complain of symptoms of stress, for instance, loss of appetite, a complete sense of exhaustion, insomnia and low morale. Thus have destructive effect on their health. People tend to lose temper easily, and this may interfere personal relationship. What’s more, a high rate of suicide may warn people of their emotional well-being.To be a healthy person physically and psychologically, one should keep a good mood, according to some psychology experts. Those little things may seem relativelyinsignificant—reading mystery novels, playing volleyball, spending time with family and friends, maintaining your emotional well-being, getting plenty of rest, going fishing. They can help you keep a good mood.SECTION B NOTE-WRITINGOct. 18, 2003Dear Clare,Thank you for inviting me to your house-warming party this weekend. But I’m afraid I couldn’t go there, because I have an important business appointment on that day. I saw some pictures of your new house, which is so cozy and comfortable. I sincerely hope that you have a good day.Yours,Gou MingPART III LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A STATEMENT1．答案：D【问句译文】关于听者哪一句是不对的？【试题分析】本题为细节题。
2003年6月大学四级考试试题答案与详解
2003年6月大学英语四级考试试题答案与详解41. A dark suit is ____ to a light one for evening wear.A) proper B) suitable C) favorable D) preferableD)。
【译文】深色的服装比浅色的更适于晚上穿。
【解析】近义词辨析题。
Preferable后跟介词to表示“比…更好，更适合”，preferable可以表示比较意义，本句中把深、浅两种颜色相比，所以选择D)。
其他三个选项都具有“适合的”之意，但都不能用于+ to 的结构表比较。
Proper“适合的，正确的”；suitable“适合的，恰当的”；favorable + for/to sth.意思是“适合于…，有利于…”。
42. I suffered from mental ____ because of stress from my job.A) fatigue B) damage C) relief D) releaseA)。
【译文】由于工作压力，我心里很疲惫。
【解析】单词辨义题。
Fatigue意为“疲惫”；damage多指物件的物理性损坏；relief表“放松，宽慰”；release作名词时表示“发行、释放”。
选项C）和D）都与句中的工作压力逻辑意思相反。
43. You will not be ____ about your food in time of great hunger.A) particular B) special C) peculiar D)specificA)。
【译文】当你饥饿难耐时就不会对食物那么挑剔了。
【解析】搭配题。
Be particular about 为固定搭配，表示“对…挑剔，苛求”；special“特别的”；peculiar“特有的，独具的”；specific“特定的”。
44. Don’t let the child play with scissors ____ he cuts himself.A) only if B) in case C) now that D) so thatB)。
俄语专业四级考试1996——2004真题解析
【真题详解2001】显示答案11. 预期一次性发生并达到结果的行为要用完成体；“见面”要用带-ся动词，选B12. 句中的через час, будет表明动词应用将来时，选B13. можешь后面要求用动词不定式；这是要达到结果的一次性行为，用完成体，选D14. вчера весь вечер是过去时未完成体的标志，选D15. 句中有补语дверь，所以动词应是不带-ся的及物动词，ключ сломан表明不能达到“开门”的结果，动词应用完成体，选A16. должны后面要求用动词不定式，句中的к понедельнику指出时间期限，因此动词要用完成体，表示在期限前达到结果，选C17. 否定祈使句中出现смотри(те)，表示提醒、警告，动词要用完成体命令式，选A18. 时间状语за прошедшие двадцать лет表明动词用完成体，узнал表明动词用过去时，选D19. 带давай的第一人称复数命令式中，动词用未完成体不定式形式或完成体第一人称复数变位形式，选B20. привыкнуть之后要求动词用未完成体不定式形式，选D21. “离开车还有半小时”，动词要用完成体过去时，主语полчаса要求动词用中性形式，选C22. 前句表明照片现在不在说话地点，所以后句中动词应表示“拿来过”，用未完成体过去时，选C23. пока не“直到…”是固定句型，要求完成体动词；буду ждать表明动词要用将来时，选C24. велел表明这是过去发生的事，从句动词也要用过去时；когда уходил表示“临走的时候”，选B25. 运动动词的用法中，表示“回到家”要用прийти домой，所以选D26. “来找你”要用运动动词прийти；ждѐт表明来了后还在这儿，运动动词要用完成体过去时表示结果保留，选B27. “早上收到的信”，信是被收到的，是一次的行为，所以动词“收到”получать/получить作“信”的定语，要用完成体被动形动词长尾，选A28. 固定词组представлять собой表示“是”，作后置定语要用主动形动词长尾，选A29. “书中描写的事件”，事件上被描写的，所以动词“描写”описывать/описать作“事件”的定语，要用未完成体或完成体被动形动词长尾，选D30. “作为著名的学者”，动词“作为”быть要用副动词形式，选C31. 句中有мне，表明形容词“小”要用短尾形式，选C32. 形容词作前置定语，要用长尾；чем表明形容词是比较级；нет要求跟二格，选A33. так要求形容词用短尾形式，选A34. “两个都”用оба(обе)，сын是阳性名词，修饰阳性名词时用оба，选C35. 有二格作后置定语时，“在…年(日)”要用в+四格，如в день победы，选B36. один из …词组中，один的性由из后面的名词（город）决定，格由所修饰的名词(в Москве)决定，所以用одном，选D37. 数词миллиард后面要求名词复数二格，选D38. кончилась要求时间状语表示когда“在（几点）”，四个选项中只有D可以用来表示这个意思，表示“在六点多”，选D39. сколько раз в день是固定表示法，选C①40. 比较级中指出差距要用на+四格，如выше на голову，选B41. 表示“在（什么条件下）”用前置词при，选C42. 表示日期用顺序数词中性形式，表示“在…日期”用其二格形式，选D43. 在表示原因的前置词中，из表示“出自行为主体（一般是人）的某种感情或心理状态的原因，行为是自觉的、有意识的”；от表示“由自然现象、社会现象或生理与心理状态所造成的原因，它所造成的结果是不以主体的意志为转移的”；из-за表示“自然现象、疾病、社会现象、人或事物造成消极结果的原因，具有明显的否定色彩”；с表示的是“由行为主体的（一般是人）的生理或心理状态方面造成的原因，口语色彩较浓，搭配范围有限”。
2003年06月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷(含答案)
2003年6月四级试题Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:On average, American kids ages 3 to 12 spent 29 hours a week in school, eight hours more than they did in 1981. They also did more household work and participated in more of such organized activities as soccer and ballet (芭蕾舞). Involvement in sports, in particular, rose almost 50% from 1981 to 1997: boys now spend an average of four hours a week playing sports; girls log half t hat time. All in all, however, children’s leisure time dropped from 40% of the day in 1981 to 25%.“Children are affected by the same time crunch (危机) that affects their parents,” says Sandra Hofferth, who headed the recent study of children’s timetable. A chief reason, she says, is that more mothers are working outside the home. (Nevertheless, children in both double-income and “male breadwinner” households spent comparable mounts of time interacting with their parents, 19 hours and 22 hours respectively. In contrast, children spent only 9 hours with their single mothers.)All work and no play could make for some very messed-up kids. “Play is the most powerful way a child explores the world and learns about himself,” says T. Berry Brazelton, professor at Harvard Medical School. Unstructured play encourages independent thinking and allows the young to negotiate their relationships with their peers, but kids ages 3 to 12 spent only 12 hours a week engaged in it.The children sampled spent a quarter of their rapidly decreasing “free time” watching television. But that, believe it or not, was one of the findings parents might regard as good news. If they’re spending less time in front of the TV set, however, kids aren’t replacing it with reading. Despite efforts to get kids more interested in books, the children spent just over an hour a week reading. Let’s face it, who’s got the time?21. By mentioning “the same time crunch” (Line 1, Para. 2) Sandra Hofferth me ans ________.A) children have little time to play with their parentsB) children are not taken good care of by their working parentsC) both parents and children suffer from lack of leisure timeD) both parents and children have trouble managing their time22. According to the author, the reason given by Sandra Hofferth for the time crunch is______.A) quite convincingB) partially trueC) totally groundlessD) rather confusing23. According to the author a child develops better if ______.A) he has plenty of time reading and studyingB) he is left to play with his peers in his own wayC) he has more time participating in school activitiesD) he is free to interact with his working parents24. The author is concerned about the fact that American kids ______.A) are engaged in more and more structured activitiesB) are increasingly neglected by their working mothersC) are spending more and more time watching TVD) are involved less and less in household work25. We can infer from the passage that ______.A) extracurricular activities promote children’s intelligenceB) most children will turn to reading with TV sets switched offC) efforts to get kids interested in reading have been fruitfulD) most parents believe reading to be beneficial to childrenPassage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:Henry Ford, the famous U.S. inventor and car manufacturer, once said, ‘The business of America is business.” By this he meant that the U.S. way of life is based on th e values of the business world.Few would argue with Ford’s statement. A brief glimpse at a daily newspaper vividly shows how much people in the United States think about business. For example, nearly every newspaper has a business section, in which the deals and projects, finances and management, stock prices and labor problems of corporations are reported daily. In addition, business news can appear in every other section. Most national news has an important financial aspect to it. Welfare, foreign aid, the federal budget, and the policies of the Federal Reserve Bank are all heavily affected by business. Moreover, business news appears in some of the unlikeliest places. The world of arts and entertainment is often referred to as “the entertainment industry” or “show business.”The positive side of Henry Ford’s statement can be seen in the prosperity that business has brought to U.S. life. One of the most important reasons so many people from all over the world come to live in the United States is the dream of a better job. Jobs are produced in abundance (大量地) because the U.S. economic system is driven by competition. People believe that this system creates more wealth, more jobs, and a materially better way of life.The negative side of Henry Ford’s statemen t, however, can be seen when the word business is taken to mean big business. And the term big business—referring to the biggest companies, is seen in opposition to labor. Throughout U.S. history working people have had to fight hard for higher wages, better working conditions, and the right to form unions. Today, many of the old labor disputes are over, but there is still some employee anxiety. Downsizing—the laying off of thousands of workers to keep expenses low and profits high -- creates feelings of insecurity for many.26. The united States is a typical country ______.A) which encourages free trade at homes and abroadB) where people’s chi ef concern is how to make moneyC) where all businesses are managed scientificallyD) which normally works according to the federal budget27. The influence of business in the U.S. is evidenced by the fact that ______.A) most newspapers are run by big businessesB) even public organizations concentrate on working for profitsC) Americans of all professions know how to do businessD) even arts and entertainment are regarded as business28. According to the passage, immigrants choose to settle in the U.S., dreaming that ______.A) they can start profitable businesses thereB) they can be more competitive in businessC) they will make a fortune overnight thereD) they will find better chances of employment29. Henry Ford’s statements can be t aken negatively because ______.A) working people are discouraged to fight for their rightsB) there are many industries controlled by a few big capitalistsC) there is a conflicting relationship between big corporations and laborD) public services are not run by the federal government30. A company’s efforts to keep expenses low and pr ofits high may result in ______.A) reduction in the number of employeesB) improvement of working conditionsC) fewer disputes between labor and managementD) a rise in workers’ wagesPassage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:Professor Smith recently persuaded 35 people, 23 of them women, to keep a diary of all their absent-minded actions for a fortnight. When he came to analyse their embarrassing lapses (差错) in a scientific report, he was surprised to find that nearly all of them fell into a few groupings. Nor did the lapses appear to be entirely random (随机的).One of the women, for instance, on leaving her house for work one morning threw her dog her earrings and tried to fix a dog biscuit on her ear. “The explanati on for this is that the brain is like a computer,” explains the professor. “People programme themselves to do certain activities regularly. It was the woman’s custom every morning to throw her dog two biscuits and then put on her earrings. But somehow the action got reversed in the programme.” About one in twenty of the incidents the volunteers reported were these “programme assembly failures.”Altogether the volunteers logged 433 unintentional actions that they found themselves doing – an average of twelve each. There appear to be peak periods in the day when we are at our zaniest (荒谬可笑的). These are two hours some time between eight a.m. and noon, between four and six p.m. with a smaller peak between eight and ten p.m. “Among men the peak seems to be whe n a changeover in brain ‘programmes’ occurs, as for instance between going to and from work.” Women on average reported slightly more lapses – 12.5 compared with 10.9 for men – probably because they were more reliable reporters.A startling finding of the research is that the absent-minded activity is a hazard of doing things in which we are skilled. Normally, you would expect that skill reduces the number of errors we make. But trying to avoid silly slips by concentrating more could make things a lot worse –even dangerous.31. In his study Professor Smith asked the subjects ______.A) to keep track of people who tend to forget thingsB) to report their embarrassing lapses at randomC) to analyse their awkward experiences scientificallyD) to keep a record of what they did unintentionally32. Professor Smith discovered that ______.A) certain patterns can be identified in the recorded incidentsB) many people were too embarrassed to admit their absent-mindednessC) men tend to be more absent-minded than womenD) absent-mindedness is an excusable human weakness33. “Programme assembly failures” (Line 6, Para.2) refers to the phenomenon that people ______.A) often fail to programme their routines beforehandB) tend to make mistakes when they are in a hurryC) unconsciously change the sequence of doing thingsD) are likely to mess things up if they are too tired34. We learn from the third paragraph that ______.A) absent-mindedness tends to occur during certain hours of the dayB) women are very careful to perform actions during peak periodsC) women experience more peak periods of absent-mindednessD) men’s absent-mindedness often results in funny situations35. It can be concluded from the passage that ______.A) people should avoid doing important things during peak periods of lapsesB) hazards can be avoided when people do things they are good atC) people should be careful when programming their actionsD) lapses cannot always be attributed to lack of concentrationPassage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:It’s no secret that many children would be healthier and happier with adoptive parents than with the parents that nature dealt them. That’s especially true of chil dren who remain in abusive homes bemuse the law blindly favors biological parents. It’s also true of children who suffer for years in foster homes (收养孩子的家庭) because of parents who can’t or won’t care for them but refuse to give up custody (监护) rights.Fourteen-year-old Kimberly Mays fits neither description, but her recent court victory could eventually help children who do. Kimberly has been the object of an angry custody battle between the man who raised her and her biological parents, with whom she has never lived. A Florida judge ruled that the teenager can remain with the only father she’s ever known and that her biological parent s have “no legal claim” on her.The ruling, though it may yet be reversed, sets aside the principle that biology is the primary determinant of parentage. That’s an important development, one that’s long overdue.Shortly after birth in December 1978, Kimberly Mays and another infant were mistakenly switched and sent home with the wrong parents. Kimberly’s biological pare nts, Ernest and Regina Twigg, received a child who died of a heart disease in 1988. Medical tests showed that the childwasn’t the Twiggs’ own daughter, but Kimberly was, thus sparking a custody battle with Robert Mays. In 1989, the two families agreed that Mr. Mays would maintain custody with the Twiggs getting visiting rights. Those rights were ended when Mr. Mays decided that Kimberly was being harmed.The decision to leave Kimberly with Mr. Mays rendered her suit debated. But the judge made clear that Kimberly did have standing to sue (起诉) on her own behalf. Thus he made clear that she was more than just property to be handled as adults saw fit.Certainly, the biological link between parent and child is fundamental. But biological parents aren’t al ways preferable to adoptive ones, and biological parentage does not convey an absolute ownership that cancels all the rights of children.36. What was the primary consideration in the Florida judge’s ruling?A) The biological link.B) The child’s be nefits.C) The traditional practice.D) The parents’ feelings.37. We can learn from the Kimberly case that ______.A) children are more than just personal possessions of their parentsB) the biological link between parents and child should be emphasizedC) foster homes bring children more pain and suffering than careD) biological parents shouldn’t claim custody rights after their chi ld is adopted38. The Twiggs claimed custody rights to Kimberly because ______.A) they found her unhap py in Mr. Mays’ custodyB) they regarded her as their propertyC) they were her biological parentsD) they felt guilty about their past mistake39. Kimberly had been given to Mr. Mays ________.A) by sheer accidentB) out of charityC) at his requestD) for better care40. The author’s attitude towards the judge’s rulin g could be described as ______.A) doubtful B) critical C) cautious D) supportivePart III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)Directions: There are 3.0. incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.41. She ______ her trip to New York because she was ill.A) called off B) closed down C) put up D) went off42. ______ the storm, the ship would have reached its destination on time.A) But for B) In case of C) In spite of D) Because of43. We should concentrate on sharply reducing interest rates to pull the economy out of ______.A) rejection B) restriction C) retreat D) recession44. The ______ of finding gold in California attracted a lot of people to settle down there.A) prospects B) speculations C) stakes D) provisions45 I suffered from mental ______ because of stress from my job.A) damage B) release C) relief D) fatigue46. The rest of the day was entirely at his ______ for reading or recreation.A) dismissal B) survival C) disposal D) arrival47. You will not be ______ about your food in time of great hunger.A) special B) particular C) peculiar D) specific48. Crime is increasing worldwide, and there is every reason to believe the ______ will continueinto the next decade.A) emergency B) trend C) pace D) schedule49. You shouldn’t have written in the ______ since the book belongs to the library.A) interval B) border C) margin D) edge50. The ______ of airplane engines announced a coming air raid.A) roar B) exclamation C) whistle D) scream51. This ticket ______ you to a free boat tour on the lake.A) entitles B) appoints C) grants D) credits52. This is the nurse who ______ to me when I was ill in hospital.A) accompanied B) attended C) entertained D) shielded53. I was about to ______ a match w hen I remembered Tom’s warning.A) rub B) hit C) scrape D) strike54. The advertisement says this material does n’t ______ in the wash, but it has.A) contract B) shrink C) slim D) dissolve55. He was proud of being chosen to participate in the game and he ______ us that he would try ashard as possible.A) insured B) guaranteed C) assumed D) assured56. Not only the professionals but also the amateurs will ______ from the new training facilities.A) derive B) acquire C) benefit D) reward57. The work was almost complete when we received orders to ______ no further with it.A) progress B) proceed C) march D) promote58. I waited for him half an hour, but he never ______.A) turned in B) turned down C) turned off D) turned up59. A house with a dangerous gas ______ can be broken into immediately.A) leak B) split C) mess D) crack60. A dark suit is ______ to a light one for evening wear.A) favourable B) suitable C) preferable D) proper61. It was in the United States that I made the ______ of professor Jones.A) acknowledgement B) acquaintance C) recognition D) association62. Could you take a ______ sheet of paper and write your name at the top?A) bare B) vacant C) hollow D) blank63. A culture in which the citizens share similar religious beliefs and values is more likely to havelaws that represent the wishes of its people than is a culture where citizens come from______ backgrounds.A) extensive B) influential C) diverse D) identical64. Areas where students have particular difficulty have been treated ______ particular care.A) by B) in C) under D) with65. He gave a ______ to handle the affairs in a friendly manner.A) pledge B) mission C) plunge D) motion66. Don’t let the child play with scissors ______ he cuts himself.A) in case B) so that C) now that D) only if67. ______ the danger from enemy action, people had to cope with a severe shortage of food,clothing, fuel, and almost everything.A) As far as B) As long as C) As well as D) As soon as68. Many people lost their jobs during the business ______.A) desperation B) decrease C) despair D) depression69. Whenever a big company ______ a small one, the product almost always gets worse.A) gets on with B) cuts down C) takes over D) puts up with70. Mr. Smith was the only witness who said that the fire was ______.A) mature B) deliberate C) meaningful D) innocentPart IV Short Answer Questions (15 minutes)Directions: In this part there is a short passage with 8 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Write your answers in the spaces provided on the right of the page.What personal qualities are desirable in a teacher? I think the following would be generally accepted.First, the teacher’s personality should be lively and attractive. This does not rule out people who are plain-looking, or even ugly, because many such people have great personal charm. But it does rule out such types as the over-excitable, sad, cold, and frustrated.Secondly, it is not merely desirable but essential for a teacher to have a genuine capacity for sympathy, a capacity to understand the minds and feelings of other people, especially, since most teachers are school teachers, the minds and feelings of children. Closely related with this is the capacity to be tolerant – not, indeed, of what is wrong, but of the weaknesses and immaturity of human nature which induce (诱导) people, and again especially children, to make mistakes.Thirdly, I hold it essential for a teacher to be both intellectually and morally honest. This means that he will be aware of his intellectual strengths and limitations, and will have thought about and decided upon the moral principles by which his life shall be guided. There is no contradiction in my going on to say that a teacher should be a bit of an actor. That is part of the technique of teaching, which demands that every now and then a teacher should be able to put on an act – to enliven (使生动) a lesson, correct a fault, or award praise. Children, especially young children, live in a world that is rather larger than life.A teacher must be capable of infinite patience. This, I may say, is largely a matter of self-discipline and self-training, for we are none of us born like that.Finally, I think a teacher should have the kind of mind which always wants to go on learning. Teaching is a job at which one will never be perfect; there is always something more to learnabout it. There are three principal objects of study: the subjects which the teacher is teaching; the methods by which the subjects can best be taught to the particular pupils in the classes he is teaching; and g by far the most important -- the children, young people, or adults to whom the subjects are to be taught. The two fundamental principles of British education today are that education is education of the whole person, and that it is best acquired through full and active co-operation between two persons, the teacher and the learner.S1. Plain-looking teachers can also be admired by their students if they have _________.__________________________________________________________________S2. The author says it is _________that teachers be sympathetic with their students.__________________________________________________________________S3. A teacher should be tolerant because humans tend to have S3 (1) _________and to be S3(2) _________.(1)________________________________________________________________(2)________________________________________________________________S4. A teacher who is _________will be able to make his lessons more lively.__________________________________________________________________S5. How can a teacher acquire infinite patience?__________________________________________________________________S6. Since teaching is a job no one can be perfect at, it is necessary for teachers to keep improving their knowledge of the subjects they teach and their _________.__________________________________________________________________S7. Teachers’ most importan t object of study is _________.__________________________________________________________________S8. Education cannot be best acquired without _________ between the teacher and the learner.__________________________________________________________________Part V Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write an eye-witness account of a traffic accident. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese.假设你在某日某时目击一起车祸，就此写一份见证书。
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2003年大学俄语四级答案解析二、阅读理解短文1译文：八年级三班的学生不喜欢上地理课，所以星期三地理办公室的门打不开，那也不足为奇了。
有人把火柴棍儿插进了办公室的锁孔里。
不过幸运的是，劳动课老师虽费了些劲儿，不过没用多长时间就打开了锁。
"是谁干的？"地理课老师上课时，问道。
同学们怎么能承认，是马克西姆干的呢？问题16/ 谁打开了办公室的门？答案说明：办公室的门这里指的是地理办公室的门，文中很明确的指出是劳动课老师打开了门锁。
所以答案应是a。
短文2译文：最近几年《红皮书》这两个词已经成为地球上动物濒临危机的象征。
不论是在该领域从事研究的专家和工作人员，还是应该采取相应救助措施的工作人员都需要《红皮书》。
问题17/ 什么是《红皮书》？答案说明：а.这是红颜色的书。
б.这是关于动物在地球上分布情况的书。
в.这是关于地球上动物濒临危机的书。
显然，只有в 符合题意。
短文3译文：以前的文盲就是不会读书、写字的人。
可是，今天的文盲指的是不会以新的方式思考的人。
这里谈的是，科技进步条件下产生的新文盲，这些人不善于灵活地利用现代技术设备，而且总是给国家经济带来损失。
问题18/ 新文盲指的是什么样的人？答案说明：а.不会以新方式思维的人。
б.不会读书、写字的人。
в.没有任何文化的人。
只有а 符合题意。
短文4译文：有一次我非常偶然地赶上了一次非常激烈的争论。
一个饭店的桌前围坐着三位妇女：俄罗斯女人，德国女人和亚美尼亚女人。
他们安静地喝着粥。
突然一个木勺掉到了地板上。
——啊哈！——俄罗斯女人说。
——要有一个女人到我们这儿来做客了，因为勺子掉了。
——为什么是一个女人呢？——德国女人很奇怪。
勺子是阳性词。
应该是位男士来这儿才对。
俄罗斯女人生气了：——得了吧！要是刀掉了，才意味着是男士。
——哈哈哈！——德国女人笑起来。
要真是刀掉了，就什么意思都没有。
刀是中性词。
亚美尼亚女人默默地坐着，他无论如何是搞不懂……问题19/ 几个人在争论？答案说明：虽然有作者和三个女人在座，但参与争论的只有俄罗斯女人和德国女人。
所以应选答案a.两个人。
问题20/ "刀"在德语中是什么性的词？答案说明：文中有一句告诉我们德语中刀是中性词。
所以应选答案б。
短文5译文：有一次，尤拉看见从一幢高楼的一扇窗户里冒出烟来。
尤拉爬上了四楼，他开始按门铃、敲门，但是都没有回应，于是他急忙又上了一层楼，按响了门铃。
在这户住宅里只有一位老奶奶。
尤拉向老奶奶要了一根绳子，下到了四楼，打掉了阳台门的一块窗玻璃，打开了这扇门，进入满是烟雾的室内。
他穿过烟走进厨房，看见里面的桌子已经烧着了，就端起水往桌子上浇……问题21/ 尤拉从哪一层楼下到充满烟的住宅里？答案说明：冒烟的住宅在四楼，尤拉往上又上了一层，即第五层。
所以应选答案б。
问题22/ 什么东西在燃烧？答案说明：根据文中内容可知是厨房里的桌子烧着了。
所以应选答案a。
短文6译文：一个男孩去海边用鱼竿钓鱼。
海岸很高，又陡又滑。
小男孩开始往下走，但当他看见一些尖尖的大石头时，害怕起来。
他甚至都挪不动脚步了。
而恰在此时，下方有个渔民带着女儿正在打鱼。
小姑娘看见这个男孩的样子，明白他是胆怯了。
这时突然刮起了风，鱼竿掉落下去。
男孩很舍不得鱼竿。
渔民朝上看了看，对自己的女儿说了点什么。
突然小姑娘跳进水里，抓住钓鱼竿，又回到船上。
男孩非常生气，把什么都忘了，就爬了下去。
问题23/ 小男孩的鱼竿什么时候掉下去的？答案说明：根据文中事情发生的先后时间，鱼竿掉落应在起风之后。
所以应选答案a。
问题24/ 为什么小姑娘把鱼竿拿回到船上？答案说明：文中告诉小姑娘看见这个男孩的样子，明白他是胆怯了。
她把鱼竿拿回到船上，就是为了让男孩勇敢地下来。
所以应选答案в。
短文7译文：妮娜在家里最小——她7岁多了，奶奶的岁数最大——她82岁。
妮娜很快就要过生日了。
妈妈说让妮娜邀请自己的小朋友们来吃饭。
客人们都来了。
妈妈准备了可口的午餐，正想把它端上桌，妮娜就对妈妈说："妈妈，今天别让奶奶在桌上吃饭吧。
""为什么？"妈妈奇怪地问。
"她的手总是抖。
我在小朋友们面前会很不自在的。
"妈妈听了女儿的话非常吃惊。
她沉默了很久，之后说："今天奶奶病了，所以生日午宴不办了。
妮娜，祝你生日快乐，愿你做一个真正的人。
"问题25/ 今天妮娜几岁？答案说明：从文章第一句可知，妮娜7岁多了。
而今天妮娜过生日，所以它应该满8岁。
正确答案应是a。
问题26/ 为什么妈妈说，今天的生日午宴不办了？答案说明：妈妈想通过这样一种方式教育女儿，不能嫌弃老人。
所以应选答案в。
短文8译文：尼古拉·彼得罗维奇是一位音乐爱好者，他想成为一名作曲家，但是一场灾难改变了他的命运，他当了一名教师。
有一次他把自己创作的剧本手稿弄丢了，于是他在报纸上登了一则寻物启示。
可是没有人给他送还手稿。
一个星期他也没去学院上课。
这一天，他来上课。
课堂上一片寂静。
"唉，亲爱的同学们，"他说道，"一切都完了！这个剧本是我的全部心血……"于是大学生们开始了大规模地寻找。
终于一位学生在图书馆的一位馆员那儿找到了这份手稿。
问题27/ 尼古拉·彼得罗维奇是从事什么职业的？答案说明：文中明确告知他当了一名教师，所以答案是б。
问题28/ 谁帮助尼古拉·彼得罗维奇找到了剧本手稿？答案说明：从文章最后可知，一位学生在图书馆的一位馆员那儿找到了这份手稿。
所以答案是a。
短文9译文：有一次，作曲家格里格在森林碰到了一位小姑娘。
"小姑娘，你叫什么名字？""塔格尼。
""和你认识很高兴！但遗憾的是，我没有什么东西可送给你。
我既没带布娃娃，也没带绸带。
哎，我想出来了。
我要送给你一件有意义的东西，不过不是现在，而是十年后。
"塔格尼在十八岁时回到了城里。
她走进了公园，那里正在举行音乐会。
塔格尼生平第一次听到交响乐。
突然她听到有人说："下面将演奏格林克著名的音乐剧，献给塔格尼。
"噢，是他！塔格尼想控制住泪水，可泪水还是止不住地流……问题29/ 爱德华·格里格与塔格尼第一次见面是什么时候？答案说明：格里格与塔格尼第一次见面时说，十年后要送给她一件有意义的东西。
十年后塔格尼十八岁，所以第一次见面时塔格尼应该是8岁，答案应为a。
问题30/ 爱德华·格里格送给塔格尼一个什么礼物？答案说明：第一次见面时格里格说，他既没带布娃娃，也没带绸带，所以排除了а 和б；而且十年后塔格尼来到公园听到"下面将演奏格里格著名的音乐剧，献给塔格尼。
"她明白，这就是送给她的礼物，所以答案应为в。
三A、选词填空31.创造属于自己的幸福首先就应使自身潜藏的才干得到发展，从而成为幸福的人。
答案是a答案说明：воспитывать 指对人的培养和教育,也指在思想、性格、品质、情感、习惯等方面对人进行教育和培养；вырастать 表示"数量、规模、程度"等方面"增加、增长、扩大"，是不及物动词，不能接直接第四格补语；развивать 指促使人的能力、记忆、兴趣、体力等增强，所以选a。
32. 人类需要新能源来代替渐渐枯竭的石油资源答案是в答案说明：三个词可以从接格关系来区别：требоваться 和надобиться 的接格关系均是行为主体用第三格形式，所需要的人或事物用第一格形式，一般可互换，只是前者语义较强。
нуждаться 主语一般是人或人的集体，补语用в ком-чем，所以应选в。
33. 日本的学校非常重视数学、自然科学和语言这些课程。
答案是б答案说明：三个词的接格关系不同：делиться-разделиться на что分成，чем с кем 分给……共享，交流；разделяться-разделиться на что 分成；уделяться кому-чему 分给，拨给，而且внимание уделяется кому-чему 已成为固定搭配，意义为"重视"，所以答案是б。
34. 能承认并改正自己错误的人，永远不会失去名誉。
答案是a答案说明：三个词同根，均是及物动词，其区别在于意义不同。
познать是指对事物、现象的深刻认识、理解；узнать指得知、获悉某事，认出某人某物；признать指承认某事实、某情况等。
根据句义可知应选答案a。
35. 这位运动员把自己的床让给一位法国人睡，自己却往地毯上一躺，睡着了。
答案是б答案说明：三个词的接格关系相同(кому что)，其区别在于意义不同。
本句考查点并非是"建议"，而是"向某人提供某物，提供帮助、保护、服务"，三个词中只有предложить具有此意义，所以答案只能选б。
36. 动物园里出生的一头小狮子引起了当地游客和外国游客的极大兴趣。
答案是a答案说明：三个词的词义不同：посетитель是访问者、参观者；покупатель是顾客；слушатель是听众。
显然，只有答案a符合题意。
37. 两年内他已经熟练掌握了教孩子们游泳的方法。
答案是a答案说明：三个词都可译作"教育"，可该句的考点并非"教育"，而是"教"，обучение是обучать的动名词，接格关系是кого чему ，答案自然选a。
而воспитание主要指德育教育；образование主要指学校中的系统知识教育。
38. 这些研究生彼此很相像，可是每个人又都有其独特的个性。
答案是в答案说明：похожий指人与人在外形、外貌等方面相像，一事物与另一事物在外表上有共同之处，接格关系为на кого-что;；сходный 指某事物与其他事物在性质、程度上或某方面很相像，常用复数，接格关系为с кем-чем, по чему；близкий主要指一事物与另一事物在某方面近似，接格关系为к кому-чему。
根据三个词的接格关系，便可判定选答案是в。
39. 应当好好地准备这次旅行，因为在无垠的草原上各种各样的事情都可能发生。
答案是в答案说明：каждое意义为"每一个"；всякое和любое表示"不管什么样的"意义时，可以相互替换。
当любой表示在同类事物中"任选其一"的意义时，不能用всякий替换；всякий当"各种各样的"讲时，也不能用любой替换，中性形式всякое可作名词使用。