英语国家概况 第二单元 General Information on Canada, Australia and New Zealand
《英语国家概况》考试及答案
《英语国家概况》考试及答案《英语国家概况》考试及答案————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————⽇期：I. Choose the correct answer from the options given: （20 points, 1 point each）1. Which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of London ?A. The cultural centre.B. The business centre.C. The financial centre.D. The sports centre.2. Which of the following is NOT true about the characteristics of Britain ?A. Economic differences between north and south.B. Differences of social systems between Scotland and Wales.C. Class differences between a white-collar worker and a blue-collar worker.D. Cultural differences between immigrants and the British.3. In 1969, the first British soldiers were seen on Northern Ireland Street They came first _______.A. to maintain traffic order in Northern IrelandB. to protect the Catholic peopleC. to protect the Protestant peopleD. to replace the Royal Ulster Constabulary since they were unable to keep social Order4. In the early 1970s, the IRA _________.A. killed many Protestants and CatholicsB. burned down the houses of Catholics’C. murdered individuals at randomD. carried out a series of bombing and shooting and attacked the security forces as their main target5. Why did the British government decide to replace the Power-Sharing policy with “direct-rule” from London ?A. The Power-Sharing policy was not accepted by the majority of Protestants.B. The Northern Irish Parliament could not govern the province effectively.C. The Power-Sharing policy couldn’t be carried out.D. All the above.6. Which group of people can NOT vote in the general election ?A. Members in the House of Commons.B. Lords in the House of Lords.C. The major parties.D. The UK resident citizens of the Irish Republic.7. How many seats in the House of Commons should a party hold at least in order to win the election ?A. 651B. 326C. 626D. 3518. Which government lost a vote of no confidence and was forced to resign in 1979 ?A. The Conservative government.B. The Liberal government.C. The Labour government.D. The radical government.9. Which of the following books is written by Geoffrey Chaucer ?A. The Canterbury Tales.B. Beowulf.C. The Ulster Cycle.D. Morte D’Arthur.10. Among the following writers, who was NOT one of the great trio ?A. Ben Johnson.B. Geoffrey Chaucer.C. William Shakespeare.D. Christopher Marlowe.11. Which of the following was the most famous Scottish novelist ?A. D.H. Lawrence.B. Charles Dickens.C. Robert L. Stevenson.D. Walter Scott.12. Which of the following has nothing to do with Easter ?A. Rabbits.B. Haggis.C. Chicks.D. Eggs.13. Which of the following is true about the Guy Fawkes Night ?A. It is celebrated by Scottish people in November.B. It is celebrated by English people in November.C. It is celebrated by Scottish people in August.D. It is celebrated by English people in August.14. Which of the following is true about the Gunpowder Plot ?A. It was planned to kill the Protestant king and replace him with a Catholic king.B. It was planned to kill the Catholic king and replace him with a Protestant king.C. It was planned to kill King Billy and replace him with King James II.D. It was planned to kill King James II and replace him with King Billy.15. Which of the following is true under Thatcher’s administration ?A. The proportion of owner-occupation decreased.B. Public housing became more important.C. Many public houses were sold to the people.D. The UK became more European-like in its housing arrangements.16. Which of the following about class system in the UK is NOT true ?A. People of different classes tend to read different kinds of newspaper.B. Class-division is only decided by people’s income.C. Though social advancement is possible, class affects a person’s life-chances.D. The way people speak identifies themselves to particular class.17. The British media have many important functions. Which of the following is an exception ?A. They supply people with news, keeping them informed about what is happening in the world.B. They make huge profit by publishing advertisements.C. They promote culture and education.D. They provide entertainment.18. A free press is considered very important to the functioning of parliamentary democracy because _________.A. it plays a watchdog function, keeping an eye on the governmentB. it informs people about current affairs in the worldC. it provides people with subjective reportsD. it publishes short pamphlets for Parliament19. The state that had the first British settlement is __________.A. QueenslandB. New south WalesC. Western AustraliaD. Victoria20. The federal government and the state governments are formed by ________.A. the party chosen by the Governor-GeneralB. the party that has the most votesC. the party that has the majority of the House of RepresentativesD. the party that has the majority of the SenateII. True or false: (20 points, 1 point each) (A = T; B = F)21. London is not only the largest city in Britain, but also the largest in the world.22. The Tower of London, a historical sight, located in the centre of London, was builtby King Harold.23. Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland.24. British government offers the Queen high political status and supreme power.25. British government is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy.26. Britain has no written form of Constitution.27. In 1215, King Egbert united England under his rule.28. By the 1880s the British economy was dominant in the world.29. The UK economy is thought of as one of decline because Britain is poorer and producing less than it was in 1945.30. In Britain, "Football hooligans" sometimes have violent clashes.31. Attending the Grand National was an activity in Shakespeare's time.32. Football was invented by Scottish people.33. In Britain people can go to the open university without having any formal educational qualifications.34. The University of Edinburgh is a privately funded university in Britain.35. The main government department such as the Foreign and Commonwealth Office also involves in making Britain's foreign policy.36. According to the author, Britain is a parliamentary democracy, so the government's foreign policy in theory represents the desires of its electorate.37. Australia is the world’s smallest continent and largest island.38. Green and gold became the national colors formally in 1984.39. The famous thermal region is on the North Island.40. In 1975, the Waitangi Tribunal was set up to receive complaints from Maoripeople and to address the mistakes made in the past by the European settlers.英语国家概况（1）试题答案第⼀卷I. Choose the best answer: (20 分，每⼩题1 分)1. (A)2. (D)3. (C)4. (D)5. (B)6. (A)7. (B)8. (B)9. (C) 10. (A)11.(A) 12.(C) 13. (D) 14. (A) 15. (C) 16. (C) 17. (B) 18. (A) 19. (B) 20.(A)II. True or false: （20 分，每⼩题1 分）21.(B) 22.(B) 23.(A) 24.(B) 25.(A) 26. (A) 27. (B) 28. (A) 29. (B) 30. (A)31.(B) 32.(B) 33.(A) 34.(B) 35.(A) 36. (A) 37.(A) 38. (A) 39.(A) 40. (A)第⼆卷I. Fill in the blanks: （22 分，每空2 分）1. (the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)2. (overrule the parliament)3. (Prime Minister)4. (The National Health Service)5. (Football Association Cup)6. (Guy Fawkes Night)7. (the UN Security Council)8. (Reading news papers, listening to radio)9. (God Save the Queen)10. (the House of Representatives)11. (New Zealanders having European ancestry)II. Answer the following questions: （18 分，每题2 分）1. The Normans under William of Normandy conquered England.2. It consists of the Lords Spiritual and the Lords Temporal.3. They are Conservative party, Labor party and the Liberal Democrats.4. They are primary industries, secondary industries and tertiary industries.5. Because they hope their children can receive better education so that they can get intobetter universities or find a better job.6. It is influenced by its imperial history, its geopolitical traits and its relationship with theUS.7. It stands for the British Broadcasting Corporation.8. Because Britain needed new places to transform its criminals.9. They are Britain and other European countries and the US..III. Explain the following in English: (20 分，每⼩题4 分)1. They were two groups of Germanic peoples who settled down in England from the 5thcentury. They were regarded as the ancestors of the English and the founders ofEngland.2. It’s a statement put forward by an MP for the House of Commons to vote on saying that “This house no longer has confidence in the Government”. If the government loses a “vote of no confidence” it is forced to resign and call a general election.3. The Romantic Movement started at the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the19th century. The spirit of Romanism places emphasis on nature, originality, theemotional and personal. The great poets then are Keats, Shelley and Wordsworth.4. Comprehensive schools are the most popular secondary schools in Britain today. Suchschools admit children without reference to their academic abilities and provide a general education.5. The Commonwealth is a voluntary association of states which is made up of mostly offormer British colonies. It was set up as a forum for continued cooperation and as a sortof support network.。
英语国家概况中英对照
大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国P4The commonwealth is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. Member nations are joined economically and have trading arrangements. The commonwealth has no special powers. There are 50 member countries within the Commonwealth.英联邦是一个自由联合体，由曾是英国殖民地而现已独立的国家构成，成员国之间实行经济合作，有一定的贸易协议。
联邦没有特殊的权力。
有50个成员国在联邦。
P12The English are Anglo-Saxons, but the Scots, Welsh and Irish are Celts.英格兰人是盎格鲁——撒克逊人，而苏格兰人、威尔士人和爱尔兰人却都是凯尔特人；P17凯尔特人Celts----首先入侵The Celts, a taller and fairer race than the people who had come before, began to arrive about 700BC and kept coming until the arrival of the Romans. They may originally have come from eastern and central Europe, now France, Belgium and southern Germany. They came to Britain in three main waves.凯尔特人比先前抵达的种族更高、更漂亮，他们于公元前700年开始迁入，并于此后不断迁居到此岛，直至罗马人入侵；他们最初来自东欧和中欧,现在法国、比利时和德国南部一带。
奥鹏北语14秋《英语国家概况》(II)作业3满分答案
?
正确答案：A
二,判断题
1. Musicians are honored most inIreland.
A.错误
B.正确
?
正确答案：A
2. The President ofIrelandis only a symbolic Head of State and does not have executive power.
A. Airplane
B. Steamboats
C. Cotton gin
?
正确答案：B
10. Which group of people were forced to live in special camps during the WWII?
A. Japanese Canadians
B. Chinese Canadians
A.错误
B.正确
?
正确答案：B
3.Irelandjoined the EU in 1970.
A.错误
B.正确
?
正确答案：A
4. The Irish Government has the sole power of making laws for the state.
A.错误
B.正确
?
正确答案：A
5. In 1541, Queen Elizabeth I declared to be the Queen of Ireland, the first monarch to do so.
A.错误
B.正确
?
正确答案：A
6. Horse-racing is a very popular sport among the Irish because they can place a bet for the occasion.
英语国家概况(1)(2)100问及答案
英语国家概况（1）（2）100问1. "British history has been a history of invasion". Please illustrate this point with the examples from the text. How did each of the invasions influence English culture ?2. What are some general characteristics of Scotland ?3. Describe Wales' unification with Great Britain.4. Are there any differences between England and Wales in terms of cultural tradition ?5. Why is Northern Ireland, according to the author, so significant in the United Kingdom? What is the political problem there?6. What are some of the factors in Irish and English history that affect the situation in Northern Ireland today?7. Different parties and groups in the United Kingdom have different solutions to the political problem in Northern Ireland. Please sum up their different attitudes.8. Has the author offered a solution to the political problem in Northern Ireland?9. What is the oldest institution of government?10. What is the name of the charter of liberty and political rights granted by King John in 1215?11. Do you think Elizabethan Drama occupies a significant position in British literature? Who is the most important figure in Elizabethan Drama? What are some of his major works?12. What do we call the group of important Parliamentarians?13. Which party forms the government and who becomes Prime Minister?14. What are some of the changes that have take place recently in the Chinese attitude towards sports? How do you account for these changes?15. For how many years is a general election held once in the UK?16. Who can stand for election as an MP?17. What are the three major parties? Which party is the party that spent most time in power?18. Which party does Tony Blair belong to?19. When was the British economy dominant in the world?20. By what time was the UK overtaken by other countries, such as the US and Germany?21. Which country does it refer to as "the Jewel in the Crown"? When did it gain its independence?22. What are some of the positive and negative effects of non-white immigrants on British society according to the author?23. What is the general situation of racial relations in the UK?24. Why is Geoffrey Chaucer, who wrote in Middle English, still read and studied today?25. When was the term "parliament" first used officially?26. The author says that "the media are central to British leisure culture", why does the author say so?27. What are some of the characteristics of British newspaper culture? In what way is it different from the United States?28. Is the British press free from the government control and censorship? What is the relationship between the British press and politics or business?29. How does the BBC operate? How is it different from American broadcasting systems?30. What are some of the features of Romantic Literature?31. What is Modernism? Can you illustrate your points with specific books as examples?32. What is Postmodernism? Can you illustrate your points with specific books as examples?33. How has the Christian church influenced British sports? Please pick up some examples from the text.34. What is the origin of football?35. How is the violence of "football hooligans" related to the British history of football?36. Why is cricket very English? Why does the author believe that cricket was associated with a set of English moral values?37. Christmas is the biggest and best-loved British holiday? How do the British celebrate thisholiday?38. How do the British celebrate the Queen's Birthday? What is the origin of this holiday?39. Bonfire Night is one truly English holiday. How and why do the English celebrate this holiday?40. How do the Protestants and Catholics celebrate their own holidays in Northern Ireland? What traditions are behind their celebrations?41. How is Hogmanay celebrated in Scotland? What other festivals are celebrated in Scotland?42. Which are the two most important and famous universities in Britain?43. What is the goal of education in the U.K.?44. Is the British education system run by the state or the private sector?45. Where do British universities receive their funds besides students tuition?46. Why does the author say that "the way the living arrangements of a society as a whole are organized tells us something about that society"?47. What are the four main types of home in Britain? How do they reflect the cost and status of homes? What are some of the major types of home in China?48. How are people in the UK divided into different classes?49. Is the class system similar with the United States?50. What and how did the British empire end? How did the British react to this reality?51. What are the foundations of Britain's foreign policy?52. How is Britain's foreign policy made? Does the government's foreign policy represent the desires of British citizens?53. Why does the author say that the decision to join the EC was and remains controversial in Britain?54. Why does the author think that Britain has the "special relationship" with the United States? Does this relationship still exist?55. What are some of the general characteristics of Australia in terms of land, people and culture?56. Discuss the climate in Australia. What are some of the major differences between Australia and China in terms of the climate?57. What are the six states of Australia? What are some of the major similarities or differences in terms of population, early settlement and economy in the six states?58. Can you point out some main differences between the Australian government system and the British government system?59. Discuss the Australian education system. What are some of the features in the system that are specifically Australian?60. What are some of the distinct features of New Zealand's geography? Find out similarities and differences in terms of geography between New Zealand and Australia.61. What are some of the similarities between New Zealand and Britain in the government system?62. How did modern development in Europe influence the settlement of North American colonies?63. What was the unique American phenomenon ? How did it come into being? Do you think it still exists in today's American society?64. In what way did Puritanism influence American culture?65. What are the two political parties in the United States? Do you think they are fundamentally different?66. What is the Bill of Rights? Do you think that it was necessary to write the Bill of Rights explicitly into the U.S. Constitution?67. Why did the Articles of Confederation fail? Was it necessary to change the Articles of Confederation and write a new constitution for the new nation of the United States at the time?68. What is a federal system? What are some of the major differences between a federal system and a confederation?69. What are some of the major powers of each of the three branches of the U.S. government? How are the three branches supposed to check and balance each other?70. It is known to all that buying and selling stocks is a risky business. Why do you think there are still so many people involved in it?71. What promotes the diversity in American religion?72. In what way do you think that religious freedom was a historical necessity in the United States?73. What is the relationship between government and religion in America?74. What are some of the features in religion that are particularly American? What are some of the major differences between American religion and religion in Europe?75. What is the main theme in American literature according to the author? How does the author illustrate his point?76. Why did Mark Twain win so many readers both at home and abroad?77. What are the major characteristics of education in America?78. What are some of the major themes in novels written by the "Lost Generation"?79. What is the goal of education in the United States? Discuss the similarities and differences in Great Britain, the United States and China concerning the goals of education.80. What does an American student learn?81. What were the major social movements of the 1960s? And what was the historical background of the social movements of that decade?82. The black political movement that began as a force for integration changed course in the mid-1960s and began to emphasize black uniqueness and even black separatism. What caused this transformation?83. Draw analogies between the black revolution and the women's movement. What common assumptions do they share?84. The author says that the United States was founded on the principle of human equality, but in practice the nation has fallen far short of that ideal. Illustrate this point with what you have learned from this book.85. What does poverty mean in the United States ? Why is poverty a social problem in America?86. Why does the author emphasize that the invention of one technology has to be supported by a number of related technologies which form a supporting system? Give examples.87. When are the American football matches held?88. Why did a musical form of black origin gain acceptance in all classes in America and spread throughout the country?89. What are the contributions made by Louis Armstrong to the early jazz music?90. Why Canada is regularly rated as having the best standard of living in the world?91.What is the distinct feature in Canadian modern literature?92. Discuss the similarities and differences in the government systems between the U.K. and Canada.93. What are some of the characteristics of the Canadian party system?94. What are some of the things that make Canada a unique and interesting country?95. How do you understand "multiculturalism"?96. Why do you think the author says that Canada has avoided the worst excesses of intolerance and prejudice?97. What is the Canada's Place in the World Economy?98. Do you think the Canadian government should subsidize the inefficient Canadian farmers or import foodstuff from neighbouring American states?99. Why is the idea of survival thought of as the central symbol of Canadian literature? What does cultural survival mean in Canadian literature?100. What are the major reasons for Canada's active role in international organizations? And how does Canada play its active role?外国语学院：曾倩英语国家概况（1）（2）问题库答案1. British history has been a history of invasions. Before the first century AD Britain was made up of many tribal kingdoms of Celtic people: a powerful culture originating in central Europe. Then in 43AD Britain was invaded by the Roman empire, and England and Wales (though not Scotland or Ireland) became a part of the Roman empire for nearly 400 years.Two more groups of invaders were to come after the English: from the late 8th century on, raiders from Scandinavia, the ferociou s Vikings, threatened Britain's shores….2. Scotland is the second largest of the four nations, both in population and in geographical area. It is also the most confident of its own identity because alone amongst the non-English components of the UK it has previously spent a substantial period of history as a unified state independent of the UK. Thus it is not a big leap for the Scottish to imagine themselves independent again.Physically, Scotland is the most rugged part of the UK, with areas of sparsely populated mountains and lakes in the north (The Highlands), and in the south (The Southern Uplands). Three-quarters of the population lives in the lowland zone which spans the country between these two highland areas. The largest city is Glasgow, in the west of this zone. Scotland's capital city is Edinburgh, on the east coast forty miles away from Glasgow. It is renowned for its beauty, and dominated by its great castle on a high rock in the centre of the city. Both cities have ancient and internationally respected universities dating from the 15th century.3. Wales was always under pressure from its English neighbours, particularly after the Norman conquest, when Norman barons set up castles and estates in Wales under the authority of the English Crown. Some brief campaigns are the only times in history when Wales has existed as a unified independent nation.4.Yes, there are. The close long-standing relationship means that modern Wales lacks some of the outward signs of difference which Scotland possesses—its legal system and its education system are exactly the same as in England. Often official statistics are given for "England and Wales". However, Wales is different, and one of the key markers of that difference is the Welsh language—the old British Celtic tongue which is still in daily use.5. Until 1921 the full name of the UK was "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland", not only "Northern Ireland", because the whole island of Ireland was politically integrated with Great Britain, and had been since 1801, while Britain's domination of the Irish dated back centuries even before that date. But Irish desires for an independent Irish state were never lost, andone of the key issues in late nineteenth century British politics was a campaign in parliament for what was called "home-rule"—Irish political control of Irish affairs. The Home Rule Bill was finally passed in 1914, but the process was overtaken by the First World War and was suspended for the duration of the war.6. Along with the political campaign for home-rule there were groups who followed a more direct method of pursuing Irish independence, engaging in guerilla or terrorist activities against British institutions and the British military forces. During the First World War and immediately after, this activity increased, sometimes brutally suppressed by British forces.7. Margaret Thatcher's government did not give in to this demand for political status and 11 prisoners starved to death. This event revitalised the political campaign of Sinn Fein, the legal political party which supports the IRA's right to fight. Its leaders spoke of a twin campaign for union with Ireland, both political and military, which they called the policy of "The Bullet and the Ballot Box".8. The problem lay in the "commitment to peaceful methods" aspect of the possible talks. Province-wide elections are planned under a complex formula to ensure a wide range of representation on the body which will carry out these talks, in an attempt to give them legitimacy. Without the participation of Sinn Fein and the IRA it is hard to see them succeeding. Northern Ireland is poised on the brink—a new peaceful future, or a return to the violence that has claimed 3150 lives so far.9. The oldest institution of government is the Monarchy (rule by the king).10. It was a gang of feudal barons and the Church which opposed some of King John's (1199—1216) policies. This opposition was so powerful that the king finally granted them a charter of liberty and political rights, still known by its medieval Latin name of Magna Carta. Magna Carta placed some limits on the king's ability to abuse his royal power. This is still regarded as Britain's key expression of the rights of citizens against the Crown.11. Shakespeare is the most important figure at that time. He excels in each kind. The tragedies include Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth. Among the comedies are The Taming of the Shrew, A Midsummer Night's Dream, Twelfth Night, and The Tempest. His history plays, based on English history, include Richard III, Richard II, Henry IV, and Henry V.Julius Caesar and Antony and Cleopatra are tragedies on classical themes.12. The House of Commons.13. The party that wins most votes in general election and the leader of this winning party would become Prime Minister.14. They more and more like sports….15. For five years.16. Anyone who is eligible vote to can stand as an MP. It is necessary only to make a deposit of 500 pounds (a quite easily obtainable amount in the UK) which is lost if the candidate does not receive at least 5% of the vote.17. There are three major national parties: The Conservative party and the Labour party are the two biggest, and any general election is really about which of those two is going to govern. But there is a third important party, the Liberal Democrats, who usually receive up to about 20% of the votes: not enough to form a government, but enough to have a big impact on which of the other two parties does so. The Conservative Party spent most time in power18. Tony Blair belong to Labor Party.19. By the 1880s the British economy was dominant in the world, producing one third of the world's manufactured goods, half its coal and iron, half its cotton.20. But even by 1900 this was no longer the case, the UK having been overtaken by both the United States and Germany; and certainly from 1945 until the present, the story of the UK economy is usually thought of as one of decline.21. India, popularly known as "The Jewel in the Crown" of the British Empire, gained its independence in 1947.22. This has a number of consequences for British society, mainly positive, though with some indirect negative effects. On the positive side such immigrant groups bring their culture with them,which increases the variety and interest within British culture: for example, the UK, which used to have a bad reputation for food, now has a cuisine as varied as any, with Indian and Chinese restaurants in every community, as well as many other varieties in bigger cities. This variety in restaurant food has resulted in more experimentation at home, so that shops now carry a much wider variety of goods to supply the demand, and there are many TV programmes and books devoted to all kinds of different cooking. The negative side of things lies largely in the attitude of some of their white neighbours.23. While there is a growing ethnic minority middle-class, and many individual success stories, by most measures the immigrant population is worse-off economically speaking than the white population as a whole. Individuals from ethnic minorities are more likely to be unemployed; and they are under-represented in politics too, though there are now a number of black and Asian MPs. But there are also a number of small political parties in the UK with overtly racist policies.24. With the Norman Conquest in 1066 Britain entered the Middle Ages (1066—1485), and the language of the royal court became French. So literature of that period was written in French or Latin. But one work from these times often studied today by middle school and college students is The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer (1343—1400). He was the first court poet to write in English.25. The word "parliament" comes from the verb "to parley", that is, to discuss or talk. The term was first used officially in 1236 to describe the gathering of feudal barons and representatives from counties and towns which the king occasionally summoned if he wanted to raise money.26. On an average day, 90 per cent of Britons over the age of 15 read a national or local paper. And in the evening, most Britons settle down to watch some television: 96 percent of the population watch TV at least once a week, making it Britain's most popular leisure activity. The third most popular pastime, after watching telly and reading newspapers, is listening to the radio, an activity in which 73 per cent of the population engages in on a weekly basis. It is obvious, then, that the media are central to British leisure culture.27. British newspaper culture is unusual in the extent to which class and educational differences are reflected in the newspapers people read. In other developed countries like Japan and the United States, newspaper reading is a mainly middle-class habit, but in Britain the "lower classes" are also regular readers.28. While officially speaking the British press is "free" from government control and censorship and can print what it likes, there are limits to what will appear in the daily paper.29. The British Broadcasting Corporation - more familiarly known as the BBC or even "the Beeb" - is Britain's main public service broadcaster The BBC is funded by licence fees and viewers must buy a license each year for their TV set.30. Roughly the first third of the 19th century makes up English literature's romantic period. Writers of romantic literature are more concerned with imagination and feeling than with the power of reason, which marked the 18th century. Perhaps the rather violent and ugly world about them drove 19th-century writers to a literary refuge.31. Modernism in literature can be seen as a reaction against the nineteenth century forms discussed above, which can be thought of as assuming understanding between writer and reader, resulting in the simple communication of an agreed version of the "world". This approach to writing is known as "Realism." Instead, Modernist writers express the difficulty they see in understanding and communicating how the world works. Often, therefore, Modernist writing seems disorganized, hard to understand. It often portrays the action from the viewpoint of a single confused individual, rather than from the viewpoint of an all-knowing impersonal narrator outside the action….32. Postmodernists can be thought of as abandoning that search. Meaning does not exist outside of the human head, likewise it does not exist inside a book, waiting to be discovered, instead it is made in the process of reading a book, or of making sense of the world….33. Tennis was invented in Britain and it owes its origins, literally, to the Church. Church records indicate that by the mid-fifteenth century, people were making a game of bouncing a ball off the side of their local churches or cathedrals, first using the hand, and later a racquet. This was called "tenys". Such antics sometimes offended the clergy who complained that the dignity and tranquility of the church was shattered by such games, but they also illustrate how central the church was to community life.34. There are legends that suggest that games like football and rugby actually derived from the "sport" of ancient warriors celebrating victory by kicking around the decapitated head of an enemy.There is a similar grisly tale told about origins of bowling: it is said that in ancient times, Scottish warriors rolled the skulls of their enemies along the grass for sport.35. Today, violence is still associated with football. "Football hooligans", supporters of rival teams, sometimes clash before, during and after matches and occasionally run riot through the town, breaking windows and beating each other up. Some football fans paint their faces and sing or chant football songs and it is not too difficult to imagine their warrior-ancestors.36. As generations of public school boys grew up to become the civil servants and rulers of the UK and its colonies, cricket became associated with a set of moral values, in particular the idea of "fair play" which characterised British government. Sir Ian Bancroft, a high level civil servant in the 1980s, remembered that when he began his career in Whitehall, one day his government minister was so angry that he threw the telephone at him. Sir Ian said he knew exactly how to respond: "having played cricket I was able to catch it and hand it back to him politely."37. Yes. Nowadays, Christmas is celebrated by most Britons by exchanging gifts and Christmas cards, preparing holiday foods, and decorating homes and workplaces with coloured lights, Christmas trees and ornaments.38. One of Britain's most impressive and colourful festivals happens on the second Saturday in June when the Queen's Birthday is officially celebrated by "trooping the colour" around Buckingham Palace in London.39. The English do not celebrate their famous writers or battles or patron saints, although they have all these things. However, one truly English holiday is Bonfire Night—sometimes called Guy Fawkes Night—celebrated in the early autumn.40. Another festival which comes from the 17th century battles between Catholics and Protestants is the Protestant celebration of their victory at the Battle of the Boyne (12 July) in 1690. Northern Irish Catholics celebrate the birthday of the patron saint of Ireland, St Patrick, on March 17 each year.41. While most British people welcome the coming of the New Year with parties, in Scotland, New Year's Eve called Hogmanay (31 December)—is the major winter celebration, and overshadows Christmas (called Yule in Scotland) which is a very quiet affair. How Hogmanay iscelebrated varies throughout Scotland, but one widely practised custom is "first footing". There is a superstitious belief that the first person to cross the threshold of a household in the New Year can bring luck and prosperity: the appearance of a young, preferably dark haired and handsome man, is considered particularly lucky. First footers often bring a bottle of spirits, alcohol, a lump of coal or a peat as a gift and are given a "dram of whisky" as their reward.42. Cambridge University and Oxford University.43. The goal of British education is to socialize children.44. The British education system run by the state.45. In the UK, the amount of funding each university receives is based on its size, the number of students it teaches, and the research it conducts. So far, the UK has only one privately funded university, the University of Buckingham.46. For individual members of any society the home they live in is of great importance in their lives. The way the living arrangements of a society as a whole are organized tells us something about that society—its standard of living, its social and familial structure, the distribution of wealth in a society—both in terms of geography and social hierarchy—and even something about that society's values and dreams.47. There are, broadly speaking, four main types of home. The first kind are "flats" (or apartments), of varying size, often in modern multi-storey purpose-built buildings, though sometimes made by sub-dividing big old houses. Flats are often publicly owned. The second kind are "terraced" houses: that is, individual two-storey houses built joining on to each other at each side in a terrace or row. The second kind are "terraced" houses: that is, individual two-storey houses built joining on to each other at each side in a terrace o r row; the fourth one is “detached.”48. The British people are divided into classes economically, culturally, educationally and etc.49. What is distinctive about the British class-system, and which marks it as different from the American or Chinese social structure, is that it has also retained a hereditary aristocracy.50. Two world wars had seriously influenced its empire position. The end of the great British empire was surprisingly rapid. In 1946, Jordan, in the Middle East, was granted independence.The following year, India and Pakistan followed suit. In 1948, Burma and Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) were granted independence and left the Commonwealth as well, refusing to recognise the British monarch as the head of their new states. Throughout the next few decades, the process of decolonisation continued as other territories and possessions received their independence or were returned to their rightful rulers.51. The contemporary foreign policy of the UK is greatly influenced by its imperial history and also by its geopolitical traits. Perhaps the most important single factor which influences British policy-makers is its history.52. The Prime Minister and Cabinet decide on the general direction of Britain's foreign policy. The main government department involved is of course the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO), but many other government ministries also play a part in formulating and executing the government's decisions.53. The decision to join the EEC was very controversial; and today, Britain's participation in the European Union, as it is now called, remains controversial. At the centre of the controversy is the fact that it is not clear what the European Union(EU) is and what it will become. The UK has always been very interested in encouraging free trade between countries and is therefore very supportive of the EU as a free trade area.However, the UK has always been less enthusiastic about giving up its national sovereignty (that is, its control over national decision-making) to a European government.54. Another major factor which influences British foreign policy is its relationship with the United States. This was quite natural, as the two were closely allied during World War II, and continued to work together closely in the post war years because they shared many of the same worries about the Soviet Union. Even today, in many respects British and American policy-makers agree generally on, for example, how the global economy should be managed, how a warlike state should be dealt with, issues about arms control and so on.55. Australia is the world's smallest continent and largest island, a relatively young nation established in an ancient land. Its development represents a triumph over remoteness and a harsh landscape…56. Australia is the driest inhabited continent and its rainfall varies extremely geographically and。
英语国家概况
weddingsWeddings don't always take place in churches. If a woman is getting married for a second time, she will usually get married in a registry office. These are much smaller than churches and the services are less religious. Weddings are usually organized by the bride‟s parents. They send out invitations to the members of their families, and to the couple‟s friends. The best man is usually the groom‟s best friend. He makes a speech at the reception. The bride‟s parents also have a cake made. This usually has three times, or levels.The guests usually drink champagne(香槟酒) at the beginning of the reception. Cake is eaten at the end of the meal.For the wedding the groom will wear a special jacket, which is longer at the back than the front. We call this a morning coat. The bride will often wear a diamond necklace.Vicars in England, and often throughout Europe, wear white collars on their black shirts. We call these dog collars.In church the congregation(集合) sit on long wooden benches(长椅子). These are called pews.It‟s not only bridesmaids that accompany the bride. Sometimes young boys do as well. We call these boys …pages‟, after the boys that accompanied the knights in medieval times.If the couple is really rich they will be taken from the church to thereception by a horse and carriage. The man that takes them is called the coachman.1 Engagement: If you give this to your boyfriend or your girlfriend it means you intend to marry them.2 Reception: the name given to the party which rakes place after a wedding.3 Organ(风琴, 管风琴): special wedding music is play on thi s instrument.4 Groom: the name given to the man who is getting married.5 Champagne(香槟酒): the alcoholic drink usually consumed after a wedding.6 Church: in Europe, weddings usually take place in this place.7 Honeymoon: this is a holiday that the couple go on after the wedding.8 bestman (男傧相): this is the best friend of the man getting married. He makes a speech.9 wedding day: in the west this is said to be the most important day in a woman‟s life.10 bride: the name given to the woman who is getting married.11 cake: this is traditionally eaten at the end of the wedding meal.1 at the end of a wedding, the vicar says the following words‟ in the name of the father, the son, and the Holy Ghost, I pronounce you man and wife.‟2 A wedding when the bride is already pregnant is a …shotgun wedding(强制婚姻)‟.3 weddings traditionally take place on Saturdays4 how is the couple‟s car decorated? Empty card are tied to the back bumper(缓冲器).5 how old do you have to be to marry in England?6 in weddings, the vicar usually starts his speech with the words …dearly beloved‟. Who does this refer to? Jesus Christ7 which of these words is not a word for …vicar‟?A clericB preacherC clerkD priest8 a set of crockery is commonly given to the couple.9 if a woman is married a second time, she will not usually get married in a church and her dress won‟t be white. A white dress is a symbol of the bride‟s virginity(童贞).10 traditionally the bride should come to her wedding late.11 what musical instrument is played at Scottish weddings?the trumpet (喇叭)12 which is the odd ore out?A BellsB ringsC photosD dressE bootsEnglish slang通俗英语------俚语Mouth ----gob five pounds----a fiverStupid person----bonehead a walk---a wanderHow are you?----how‟s it hanging tea---rosie leeTalking rubbish----talking through your hatMake me angry----get my goat beautiful woman--- a babe Something difficult and frustrating----a headachePlace where you live--- gaff nose---hooterCar----wheels stairs------apples and pearsFashionable clothes-----cool threads one pound-----a quidDog----mutt making a joke/being funny----acting the goat Tired/exhausted-------wiped—out ten pounds----a tenner something too expensive----a rip-off an unfaithful lover---a rat friend---china plate to be crazy-----off your headTwo students, Simon and Jane, meet in their university bar.Simon: Hi Jane. How‟s it hanging?Jane: I‟m just wiped—out at the moment. I just finished my chemistry exam. It was a headache!Simon: I‟m sorry to hear that. Say, could you lend me a few quid? I‟m dying for a drink.Jane: sure. What do you want, a fiver or a tenner?Simon: a fiver‟s great.(to the barman) can I have a coke please?Jane: that will be one pound fifty. Thank you.Simon: one pound fifty! What a rip—off! The prices in this place really get my coat!Jane: usually I just stay at home and drink rosie lee.Simon: how is your gaff at the moment? How‟s your boyfriend?Jane: don‟t talk to me about that rat. He was seeing someone else! Simon: terrible. I always thought he was a bonehead. How‟s your mutt? Jane: last week he destroyed one of my shoes. I went off my head! Are you still single?Simon: I met a real babe last week. But you know how it is: unless you‟ve got some cool threads or a nice set of wheels, the girls aren‟t interested.Jane: you‟re a good china plate, but you‟re talking through your hat. We…re not all like that!Simon: I know, I was just acting the goat. But I‟m not handsome, my hooter is too big, and my ob is too small. God was unkind to me. Jane: well, let‟s drink to true love. May we both find it. Here‟s to happiness.Simon: cheers. Say, I need to take a wander to the WC. Know where it is? Jane: round the corner and up the apples and pears.Simon: OK. See you in a moment.George Washington (1732--1799) the first president of the United StatesWhen Washington retired from public life in 1797, his homeland was vastly different from what it had been when he entered public service in 1749. To each of the principal changes, he had made an outstanding contribution. Largely because of his leadership the thirteen colonies had become the United States, a sovereign, independent nation.As commander in chief during the American Revolution, Washington built a large army, held it together, kept it in a maneuverable condition and prevented it from being destroyed by a crushing defeat. The British evacuation of Boston in 1776, under Washington‟s siege, gave security to nearly all of New England.After the war Washington took a leading part in the making of the constitution and the campaign for its ratification. Its success was assured by 1797, at the end of the second term of his presidency. In 1799 the country included nearly all its present—day territory between the Atlantic coast and the Mississippi river.He acted with congress to establish the first great executive departments and to lay the foundations of the modern federal judiciary. He directed the creation of a diplomatic service. Three presidential and five congressional elections carried the new government, under the constitution, through its initial trials.In the conduct of public affairs, Washington originated many practices that have survived. He withheld confidential diplomatic documents fromthe House of Representatives and made treaties without discussing them in the senate chamber. About all, he conferred on the presidency a prestige so great that political leaders afterward esteemed it the highest distinction to occupy the chair he had honored.A national army and navy came into being, and Washington acted with vigour to provide land titles, security, and trade outlets for pioneers of the Trans---Allegheny west. His policy procured adequate revenue for the national government and supplied the country with a sound currenct, a well—supported public credit, and an efficient network of national banks. Manufacturing and shipping received aid for continuing growth.Most of the work that engaged Washington had to be achieved through people. He found that success depended on their cooperation and that they would do best if they had faith in causes and leaders. To gain and hold their approval were among his foremost objectives. He thought of people, in the main, as right—minded and dependable, and he believed that a leader should make the best of their good qualities.As a Virginian, Washington belonged to, attended, and served as a warden of the established (Anglican) church. But he did not participate in communion, nor did he adhere to a sectarian creed. He frequently expressed a faith in divine providence and a belief that religion is needed to sustain morality in society. As a national leader he upheld the right of every sect to freedom of worship and equality before the law,condemning all forms of bigotry, intolerance, discrimination and persecution.Of Washington, Thomas Jefferson wrote:”his integrity was the most pure, his justice the most inflexible I have ever known. He was, in every sense of the word, a wise, a good, and a great man.”Abraham LincolnAbraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809, on Nolin creek in Kentucky. His father, Thomas Lincoln, was a poverty—stricken farmer, who could never seem to make ends meet. Consequently, Lincoln spent his childhood learning how to use an axe, hunt and work a plow. He was tall, athletic and active. During his campaign for the presidency, Lincoln liked to recount how during his childhood he was kecked in the teeth by a horse and “apparently killed for a time.” His mother, Nancy hanks, died soon after the family moved to Spencer County, Indiana, in 1819.Left with two children to support, Thomas Lincoln remarried Sarah Bush, in 1830 the Lincolns moved to Macon, Illinois, and had 3 more children. Although both of his parents were illiterate, Lincoln learned to read and some of his favorite books included …Arabian nights …and…Robinson Crusoe‟. Lincoln was also popular among his friends, known for his good humor and storytelling abilities.At the age of 22, Lincoln set out on his own for New Orleans. There, he became a partner in a grocery store, although the store eventually foldedand left Lincoln deeply in debt. Before going into law, Lincoln tried many different professions; he worked as a postmaster, a land surveyor, and a rail splitter. He also enlisted as a volunteer in the black hawk war, but he never saw any action during his time of service. Throughout all his odd jobs and failed professions, Lincoln racked up a significant amount of debt, but he later repaid it, earning the nickname …honest Abe（亚伯, Abraham 的昵称）‟. In 1834, Lincoln was elected as a representative for the Illinois general assembly.In 1856, Lincoln became a member of the republic party and quickly became a political front—runner as a moderate who could woo both conservatives and abolitionists. However, Lincoln didn‟t completely oppose slavery as he believed that it was an evil that should be contained and not allowed to grow. After gaining recognition as a possible vice presidential candidate in 1856, he was picked to oppose Stephen Doun gals in the Illinois senatorial race. It was during this race that Lincoln and Douglas began a series of famous debates over the topic of slavery. while Lincoln lost the race, he became a pick for the republican presidential bid in 1860 and won the presidency with a minority of the popular vote. Lincoln presided over the country during one of its most tumultuous periods. However, despite the ravaging of America‟s civil war, Lincoln was able to maintain the continuity of the union. The main goals of his presidency were restoration and preservation of the union. Although he isoften remembered as …the great emancipator‟Lincoln, not wanting to alienate any American, at first tried to preserve the integrity of the union by allowing for a gradual elimination to slavery, yet, later he realized that in order for the union to prevail slavery must end. Consequently, on September 22, 1862 Lincoln issued an emancipation proclamation, which attempted to free confederate slaves. In addition to being both doubtful legally and feasibly, Lincoln‟s efforts only freed a minority didn‟t come into full effect until after his death.Lincoln was reelected to the presidency in 1864 with an overwhelming majority. He summed up his sentiments in his second inaugural address, stating, “With malice toward none; with charity for all.”Although he lived to see the end of the war, he did not see his plans for the reconstruction of the United States realized. On the night of April 14th, 1865, Lincoln was shot by John Wilkes booth while attending a performance at ford‟s theater.Franklin D. Roosevelt 罗斯福Franklin D. Roosevelt was born in Hyde Park, New York on January 30, 1882, the son of James Roosevelt and Sara Delano Roosevelt. He attended grogon (1896--1890), a prestigious preparatory school in Massachusetts, and received a BA degree in history from Harvardin only three years. He next studied law at New York‟s ColumbiaUniversity. When he passed the bar examination in 1907, he lift school without taking a degree. For the next 3 years he practiced law with a prominent New York city law firm. He entered politics in 1910 and was elected to the New York state senate as a democrat from his traditionally republican home district.While vacationing at Campobello Island, New Brunswick, in the summer of 1921, Roosevelt contracted poliomyelitis. Despite courageous efforts to overcome his crippling illness, he never regained the use of his legs. As governor of New York in 1930, he began to campaign for the presidency. While the economic depression damaged Hoover and the republicans, Roosevelt‟s bold efforts to combat it in New York enhanced his reputation. In Chicago in 1932 Roosevelt won the nomination as the Democratic Party candidate for president. He broke with tradition and flew to Chicago to accept the nomination in person. He then campaigned energetically calling for government intervention in the economy to provide relief, recovery and reform. His activist approach and personal charm helped to defeat Hoover in November 1932 by seven million votes. The depression worsened in the months preceding his inauguration, March 4, 1933. Factory closings, farm foreclosures, and bank failures increased, while unemployment soared. Roosevelt faced the greatest crisis in America since the civil war. He undertook immediate actions to initiate his new deal. To halt depositor panics, he closed the bankstemporally. Then he set up alphabet agencies such as the AAA( civilian conservation corps ) to employ young men. Other agencies assisted business and labor, insured bank deposits, regulated the stock market, subsidized home and farm mortgage payments, and aided the unemployed. These measures revived confidence in the economy. Banks re—opened and direct relief saved millions from starvation.Roosevelt easily defeated Alfred M. London in 1936 and went on to defeat, by lesser margins, Wendell willies in 1940 and Thomas e Dewey in 1944. He thus became the only American president to serve more than 2 terms.The Japanese surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941, followed 4 days later by Germany‟s and Italy‟s declarations of war against the USA, brought the nation irrevocably into the Second World War.He gave priority to the western European front and had General George Marshall, chief of staff; plan a holding operation in the pacific and organize an expeditionary force for an invasion of Europe. The USA and its allies invaded North Africa in 1942, Italy in 1943, and the d—day landings on the Normandy beaches in France, June 6, 1944, were followed by the invasion of Germany six months later.The unending stress and strain of the war literally wore Roosevelt out. By early 1944 a full medical examination disclosed serious heart andcirculatory problems. During victory a vacation at warm springs, Georgia, on April 12, 1945, he suffered a massive stroke and died later. He was 63 years old. His death came on the eve of complete military in Europe and within months of victory over Japan in the pacific.Dinner manners1grace: A prayer said at the beginning of the meal.2gravy: this come in a jug and is poured on to the food.3Cheese: This is eaten with biscuits at t he end of the meal.4Scold: to tale to in an angry way.5Mashed: soft potatoes with butter and milk.6Soup: usually the second course.7Pepper: you can put this on the main course.8Cellar: salt comes in one of these.9Crumble: a pudding made with apples and biscuit crumbs.10Melon: this doesn‟t come on sticks, like it does in china.11Meat: main part of the main course.12Mint: the very last food---made with chocolate.13Cutlery: knives, forks and spoons are types of this.14Red: this wine accompanies meat.Gestures and behaviors1 if while you are driving, and waiting at a junction, a driver driving at 90” to you flashes his lights quickly, it is an indication that he will stopto let you out into the road.2 in Elizabethan England, when William Shakespeare was alive, it was true that putting your thumb in your mouth was a sign of disrespect, and if you did this, a fight would ensue.3 using a car horn in England can be very rude. Horns are used to indicate danger, but also to indicate if someone is angry with you.4 if men hold hands in England people think that are gay. If moment hold hands people think they are lesbians.5 If you meet an Englishman for the first time, you should not give him a firm handshake.6 if you spit near someone in England, you think they will interpret it that you want to fight.7 in England, people touch wood because they believe it is lucky.8 rolling your eyes upward is a sign that you think something is stupid. Is this true?9 if when someone is talking about someone, and they put their finger to the side of their head, does it mean that they think the person is clever or stupid?10 friendliness, fear, embarrassment, condescension, understanding can a smile communicate.11 putting your fingers in your nose is perfectly acceptable in England. N12 in England, people speak loudly in restaurants. N13 scratching your hair wildly is seen as a sign of frustration and anger, whereas stroking your hair slowly is a sign of calmness.14 putting one finger to your lips is a sign that you want someone to be quiet. Is this true?1 arm raised, open hand …waggles‟ back and forth. Come here.2 palm facing out with the index and middle fingers displayed in the shape of a …v‟. victory.3 thumb and forefinger form a circle with the other three fingers splayed upward. OK4 thumb up with a closed fist. Good5 extend the forefinger and make a circular motion near the ear. Crazy6 rubbing hands together. ??7 scratching the side of the head. Confused8 winking with one eye.9 putting the tongue out of the mouth. Horrible10 holding the nose with thumb and forefinger.11 yawning.12 stroking the chin.13 standing with feet wide apart, and hands in pockets.14men standing with one hand on their hip, the other arm forward with a limp wrist.15arms folded across the chest.16Moving the arms like the flapping of a chickens wings.Beauty standardsBeauty standards are reference points set by our culture which shape our opinions and understanding of beauty, usually with reference to age, size, race, height, outfit and overall physical appearance. Beauty standards achieve this through shaping aesthetic values of individuals in a society. In some cased beauty standards might have certain positive effects on an individual‟s health. As they involve emphasis on the body, they might force people to pay more attention to their bodies.But there are negative side to these standards. They impose limits on people. Societies are usually more concerned about the standards for women than men. singers are expected to conform to the standards more than doctors. Beauty standards shape our perceptions of sexuality, but they have little effect in decisions we make about intellectual, spiritual, political or religious matters. Sometimes other qualities, like a large intellect, can make up for a lack of physical beauty in people‟s eyes, but this may not bring happiness. For example, a scientist who doesn‟t look good may be highly valued by society, but people may not wish to have an intimate relationship with him.Beauty standards can cause pain. Examples of this are the foot binding practices of china, the medieval corset of Europe, and the modern day eating disorder anorexia. These situations usually only effect women.But in other cases, emotional damage can be caused by rhe common values that shape our understanding of what is beautiful. People who do not conform or who do not feel that they conform to the generally established and accepted standards might experience feelings of anxiety, loneliness, insecurity, and low self—esteem.Mostly, discrimination based on beauty standards is based on race and size, and might well affect a person‟s opportunities of social interaction, and even financial status, as these standards might get in the way of career growth.The most common physical and mental problems in the USASleep deprivation is one of the biggest problems in the united states. Nearly half of all Americans have difficulty sleeping because of busy schedules or insomnia. If has been proven that people who sleep fewer than six hours a night don‟t live as long as those who sleep seven hours or more. The national commission on sleep disorders estimates that sleep deprivation costs $150 billion a year in high stress and reduced workplace activity.Another enormous problem in America is obesity. For the vast majority of overweight people, obesity usually results from excess calorie consumption and inadequate physical activity. Unhealthy dietary habits and sedentary behavior together account for approximately 300000 deaths every year. In a survey conducted by the US department of agriculturebetween 1994 and 1996, only 3% of Americans are a healthy balance of grains, fruit, vegetables, dairy product and meats. In 1997 less than one—third of adults engaged in the recommended amount of physical activity ( at least 30 minutes of moderate physical activity a day) and 40% of adults engaged in no leisure—time physical activity.The youth in America are becoming increasingly unhealthy. Almost 18% of under 20—year—olds are overweight, and 80% do do not eat the recommended servings of fruit and vegetables. Every day about 4000 Americans aged between 12—17 try their first cigarette. It is estimated that smoking causes 435000 deaths each ye in the United States. Alcohol abuse is the third leading preventable cause of death( 4% of the total deaths in 2000) and is a factor in approximately 41% of all deaths from motor vehicle crashes. Injury and violence is the leaning cause of death among youth aged 10—24 years: motor vehicle crashes (37% of all deaths), all other unintentional injuries (16%), homicide(18%), and suicide(13%). Each year, there are approximately 19 million new std infections in the US, and almost half of them are among youth aged 15 to 24. 34% of young women become pregnant at least once before they reach the age of 20.An estimated 22.1% of Americans aged 18 and over—about 1 in 5 adults—suffer from a diagnosable mental disorder in a given year. The most common is depression. Nearly twice as many women as men sufferfrom depression. But four times as many men than women commit suicide. Schizophrenia is another common mental illness. It affects men and women with equal frequency.There are 3 main types of eating disorder: anorexia, bulimia, and binge—eating disorder. Females are much more likely than males to develop an eating disorder. In their lifetime, an estimated 0.5 to 3.7% of females suffer from anorexia, and an estimated 1.1 to 4.2% suffer from bulimia.Adhd is an increasing problem for children, with roughly 4% of under 18s being affected by it. The letters stand for …attention deficit hyperactivity disorder‟. Children affected find concentrating very difficult, and it is hard for them to sit still. It usually becomes evident in pre—school years, and it frequently persists into adolescence and occasionally into adulthood.Phobias, or irrational fears, are becoming more common in America. The most common is, surprisingly, an irrational fear of spiders---arachnophobia. Half of American women and 10% of American men suffer with this problem. The second largest fear is called social phobia. This is a fear of being evaluated negatively in social situations. This affects 3.7% of Americans every year. The third is aerophobia—a fear of flying. Three other strange phobias are: acrophobia, claustrophobia and agoraphobia. These are fears of heights, confinedspaces and being outdoors, respectively.Problems in the west1 In England, over 50% of 16 year—old have taken illegal drugs.2 Football hooliganism is slowly decreasing in England, but it‟s still a problem. Italy has lots of football hooliganism too.3 America has the biggest problem with poor literacy.4 Homophobia is the dislike of gay people. Gay people are often victimized in England, and the word gay is often used as an insult. In England it is legal for gay people to have sex if they are over 18.5 you should avoid town centers in England at 11.pm.6 skinheads are young men (and sometimes women) who are racist and like beating—up foreigners and immigrants. They have shaved heads, and often tattooed hands and faces. The trend started in England, but in Germany you are most likely to see them today.7 “Yardies”亚迪（牙买加人贩毒运毒集团成员）are dangerous gangs that import drugs into Europe. They are from Jamaica牙买加.8 Switzerland is the richest country in Europe.9 Italy is famous for it‟s previously corrupt governments.Introduction to the U.SThe USA is located in the southern Part of N. America and has a total area of 9,327,200 square kilometers. The USA is divided into three major geographic regions: the highlands in the east, the mountains in the west,and a vast plain in between, then two youngest of the 50 states of America are Alaska and Hawaii, which are far away from the continental United States.The largest river in the USA is the Mississippi, which has the Missouri river and the Ohio River as it‟s two main tributaries. The other important rivers are: the Hudson River, the Columbia River, the Colorado river, the saint Lawrence river and Rio Grande.The five great lakes are: Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Erie, Lake Huron and Lake Ontario.The climate in the USA varies from extremely cold in Alaska to semitropical in southern Florida and Hawaii.The USA is rich in natural resources, such as fresh water, forests, minerals and metals.Washington D.C is the seat of the federal government of the USA.The continental United States stretches 4,500 kilometers from the Atlantic Ocean on the east to the Pacific Ocean on the west.It is the forth largest country in the world.1 The seat of the federal government of the USA. Washington2 the second largest city in the USA and the working class there has a glorious revolutionary tradition. Chicago3 the third among the largest cities in the USA and the largest city in the pacific coast. Los Angeles4 the fourth largest city and the birth place of the American declaration of independence. Houston5 the largest city and port in the USA and the seat of the United Nations. New York6 the second largest city in the pacific coast and has the largest Chinese settlement in the UAS. San Francisco7 it is called motor city, UAS, because it is the heart of America‟s car industry. Detroit8 it‟s called space city, USA, because N.A.S.A is based there. Houston9 it lies in Florida, America‟s sunshine state. MiamiThe differences between England, America and china1 Which of these of countries never successfully invaded England?A ScandinaviaB FranceC Italy Spain2 who are the most religious?A the ChineseB the BritishC the Americans3 in England, which class like to hunt foxes”A the working classB the middle classC the upper class4 which country invented the lawn mower割草机?A EnglandB ChinaC America5 in American English, the phrase “smoke a fag”mean “to shoot a homosexual”.6 in England you can identify a gay man by he wearing a gold earring.。
英语国家概况（2）期末模拟试卷A
英语国家概况（2）期末模拟试卷A ⅠThere are 20 questions in this part. Each question is followed by four choices marked A,B,C and and D. D. D. Choose Choose Choose the the the correct correct correct answer answer answer to to to each each each of of of the the the questions questions questions and and and write write write your your your answer answer answer at at at the the corresponding place on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points) 1.The following were the founding fathers of the American Republic except _____. A Thomas Jefferson B George Washington C William Penn D Benjamin Franklin n 2.Which of the following statement was NOT correct? When the War of Independence was over, _____. A each new state had its own government B each new state made its own laws and handled all of its internal affairs C the national government was called the Congress with little power D the relationships between the states and the national government were clearly defined 3.Service industry does not include ____. A banking B management consultation C airline D steelmaking 4.Three of the following authors were Nobel Prize winner except _____. A Ernest Hemingway B Eugene O’Neill C William Faulkner D F. Scott Fitzgerald 5. ____ invented the telephone. A Samuel R.B. Morse B Alexander Graham Bell C Thomas Alva Edison D Reginald Fessenden 6.The main mountain range in the west of US stretching from the Canadian border to New Mexico is ____. A The Appalachian Mountains B The Rocky Mountains C The Green Mountains D The Blue Ridge Mountains 7.Both 7.Both public public public and and and private private private universities universities universities in in in the the the U.S. U.S. U.S. depend depend depend on on on the the the following following following sources sources sources of of of income income except____. A investment B student tuition C endowments D government funding 8.____ was NOT written by Hemingway? A Light in August B The Sun Also Rises C A farewell to Arms D For Whom the Bell Tolls 9.In the United States school system, which of the following divisions is true? A Elementary school, grammar school B Elementary school, junior high school C Elementary school, secondary school D junior high school, senior high school 10.Which of the following does NOT belong to the white-collar crime? A bribery B tax evasion C false advertising D robbery 11.Which of the following was written by Thoreau? A Nature B Walden C The Scarlet Letter D The Fall of the House Usher 12.Which of the following provinces is the manufacturing heartland of Canada? A Alberta B Ontario C British Columbia D Quebec 13.Due to his firm belief in nonviolent peaceful protest in the spirit of India's leader Gandhi, ____ was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964. A John F.Kennedy B James Farmer C Ella Baker D Martin Luther King, Jr. 14.Which of the following is considered an American master piece? A The Last of the Mohicans B The Legend of the Sleepy Hollow C The Masque of the Red Death D Moby Dick 15.By 1985, how many per cent of immigrants were non-European? A 30 per cent B 80 per cent C 60 per cent D 50 per cent 16.In Vancouver schools, it is estimated that more than half of the students speak ____. A English B French C Mandarin Chinese D Cantonese 17.Which of the following novels was made into an extremely successful film in 1997? A Lost in the Barrens B The Two Solitudes C The Handmaid's Tale D The English Patient 18.Which of of the the the following following invention facilitated the the out-migration-movement out-migration-movement into into suburban suburban location? A automobile B electric lawn mower C mechanical reaper D telephone 19.The tradition of the vocal ballad which contributed to the blues form was usually accompanied by ___. A a guitar B a piano C a banjo D a trombone and a cymbal 20. Who is the most influential person in the Canadian government? A the Queen B a Cabinet Minister C the Prime Minister D the Government General ⅡThere There are are are altogether altogether altogether 15 15 15 blanks blanks blanks in in in the the the following following following sentences. sentences. sentences. Fill Fill Fill in in in the the the blanks blanks blanks and and and write write write your your answer at the corresponding place on the ANSWER SHEET.(30 points) 21. The Constitution set up a federal system with ____. 22. 22. T.S. T.S. T.S. Eliot's Eliot's Eliot's long long long poem poem poem ____ ____ ____ revealed revealed revealed a a a pessimistic pessimistic pessimistic view view view of of of post-World post-World post-World War War War 1 1 1 society. society. society. He He dominated the so-called "Modern" movement in poetry. 23. Mark Twain ’s ____ is considered the greatest novel in American literature. 24.The two conferences for American football are AFC, which stands for ____ and NFC, which stands for ____. 25.As a member of the Commonwealth, Canada used to unquestioningly assist ___ in its foreign policy. 26.Canada preferred to establish a nation based on _____,_____ and good government. 27.The first Catholic president in the U.S.was ____. 28.The 28.The civil civil civil rights rights rights movement, movement, movement, together together together with with with ____ ____ ____ and and and ____ ____ ____ during during during the the the 1960s 1960s 1960s had had had been been been deeply deeply rooted in U.S.history. 29.____ is the most successful and internationally recognized of current Canadian novelists. 30.Public and private colleges depend on three sources of income in the U.S.:_____, endowment and _____. 31. Jazz music, as a musical form, initially performed and appreciated by ____. ⅢThere are 10 questions. Answer each of the questions in one full sentence and write your answer at the corresponding place on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points) 32.Where did the English first settlers land in North America? 33.Who was the main author of Declaration of Independence? 34.What is the symbol of the Republican Party? 35.Which church do the majority of Americans belong to? 36.Who was the author of Leaves of Grass? 37.Which invention marked the beginning of "The Age of Visual Information"? 38.Who were assinated in 1968 which was known as a violent and tragic year in U.S. history? 39.Who suggests that the idea of survival can be seen as the central symbol of Canadian literature? 40.Who made the first desktop PC? 41.What is the other official language besides English in Canada? ⅣExplain each of the following 6 out of 8 in no more than five sentences. Write your answer at the appropriate place on the ANSWER SHEET.(30 points) 42.Mark Twain 43.Henry Ford 44.Niagara Falls 45.American Indians 46.Disneyland 47. a federal system 48. NBA 49.Blues 英语国家概况（2）期末模拟试卷BⅠThere are 20 questions in this part. Each question is followed by four choices marked A,B,C and and D. D. D. Choose Choose Choose the the the correct correct correct answer answer answer to to to each each each of of of the the the questions questions questions and and and write write write your your your answer answer answer at at at the the corresponding place on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points) 1.Which of the following statements refused to participate in the Constitutional Convention? A Virginia B Rhode Island C New York D Maryland 2.Which of the following was NOT guaranteed in the Bill of Rights? A The freedom of religion B The freedom of searching a person's home by police C The freedom of speech and of the press D The right to own weapons if one wishes 3.Mark Twain' works are characterized by the following except ____. A sense of humor B egotism C jokes D tall tales 4.The United States was rated ____ in the world in terms of land area and the size of population. A second B third C fourth D fifth 5.Which of the following is NOT regarded as one of the three basic religious beliefs? A Protestant B Catholic C Islamic D Judaism 6.The main mountain range in the west of US stretching from the Canadian border to New Mexico is ____. A The Appalachian Mountains B The Rocky Mountains C The Green Mountains D The Blue Ridge Mountains 7.The following were NOT written into the Constitution in 1787 except ____. A the Bill of Rights B the judicial review C the political party system D the powers of the president 8.When was voice and music first transmitted over the radio? A 1901 B end of 19th century C New Year's Eve 1905 D Christmas Eve 1905 9.____ led to the end of Pony Express System? A Telephone B Telegraph C Railroad D Steamboat 10 One of the oldest towns(landed in 1513) in the U.S. is ____. A New Y ork B Boston C Philadelphia D St Augustine 11.Which of the following is NOT a team game? A volleyball B bowling C soccer D field hockey 12.Which of the following provinces is the manufacturing heartland of Canada? A Alberta B Ontario C British Columbia D Quebec 13.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in American higher education? A universities and colleges B research institutions C technical institutions D undergraduate institutions 14.In the United States school system, which of the following divisions is true? A Elementary school, grammar school B Elementary school, secondary school C Elementary school, junior high school D junior high school, senior high school 15. Which of the following provinces is the home of most French-speaking people in Canada? A Manitoba B Saskatchewan C Ontario D Quebec 16.Which of the following parties represents the most interests of Quebec? A the Bloc Quebecois B the Progressive Party C the Liberal Party D the Reform Party 17.Who wrote the book The Scalpel, The Sword? A F.R Scott B Norman Bethune C Ted Allan D Mordecai Richer 18.Around the beginning of 20th century, Chinese laborers came to Canada to ____. A work as farmers and miners B build the railroad C do fur trade D open shops 19.In Vancouver schools, it is estimated that more than half of the students speak ____. A English B French C Mandarin Chinese D Cantonese 20.Who suggests the idea of survival can be seen as the central symbol of Canadian literature? A Margaret Laurence B Michael Ondaatje C Margaret Atwood D Ted Allan ⅡThere There are are are altogether altogether altogether 15 15 15 blanks blanks blanks in in in the the the following following following sentences. sentences. sentences. Fill Fill Fill in in in the the the blanks blanks blanks and and and write write write your your answer at the corresponding place on the ANSWER SHEET.(30 points) 21.The city where the Declaration of Independence was signed and where the U.S. Constitution was made is ____. 22.'WASP' stands for ____. 23. ___ won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1993, the first Afro- American writer to receive this honor. 24.F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel ____ was about youth's golden dream turning to disappointment. 25.When either team calls for a stop, this is called ____. 26.The capital of Canada is ____and the second largest city is _____. 27.Americans movies were mostly made in ____, near the city of _____ in South California. 28.There are two divisions in National Basketball Association, _____ and _____. 29.In 29.In the the the summer summer summer of of of 1963, 1963, 1963, hundreds hundreds hundreds of of of thousands thousands thousands of of of peaceful peaceful peaceful demonstrators, demonstrators, demonstrators, marched marched marched to to Washington, D.C., where _____ gave the famous _____ speech. 30.The Canadian parliament is divided into a lower house named ____ and an upper house called _____. ⅢThere are 10 questions. Answer each of the questions in one full sentence and write your answer at the corresponding place on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points) 31.Who started the New Deal? 32.When did the United States have the first standard paper currency? 33.Who was the first to use assembly line for manufacturing cars? 34.Where was the first continental Congress held? 35.What is the main duty of the U.S. congress? 36.Who heads the judicial branch? 37.What does "K" stand for in the term of "K to 12 education"? 38.Who is the official head of Canada? 39.What is the other official language besides English in Canada? 40.What is the symbol of the Democratic Party? ⅣExplain each of the following 6 out of 8 in no more than five sentences. Write your answer at the appropriate place on the ANSWER SHEET.(30 points) 41.Disneyland 42.the "Beat Generation" 43.elementary school 44 The Scarlet Letter 45. Niagara Falls 46.The Stevens 47.Margaret Atwood 48.the Bill of Rights 。
英语国家概况课后知识题(附答案解析)
英语国家概况课后习题（附答案）Chapter 1Ⅰ.Read the following statement and decide whether they are ture(T) or false (F).—F—1.People in different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer to their country.—T—2.The Severn River is the longest river of Britain ,which originates in Wales and flows through western England. —F—3.Today more than half of the people in Wales still speak the ancient Welsh language.—F—4.In terms of population and area,Northern Ireland is the second largest part of Britain.—F—5.Although the climate in Britain is generally mild ,the temperature in northern Scotland often falls bellow-10℃in January.—T—6.The majority of the people in Britain are descendants of the Anglo-Saxons.—T—7.The Celtic people were the earliest known inhabitants of Britain.—F—8.English evolved into what is now described as Modern English from the late 16th century.Ⅱ.Choose the best answer to complete each of the followingstatements.1.The two main islands of the British Isles are—A—A.Great Britain and IrelandB.Great Britain andShcotlandC.Great Britain and EnglandD.Great Britain andEngland2. —B—is the capital city of Scotland.A.BelfastB.EdinburghC.LondonD.Cardiff3. Among the four parts of the United Kingdom, —D—is the smallest.A.EnglandB.ScotlandC.WalesD.Northern Ireland4. English belongs to the —C—group of the Indo-European familyof languages.A.CelticB.NormanC.GermanticD.Roman5. The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the firstelement of —D—words to English.A.Danish and FinnishB.Dutch and GermanC.French and Italiantin and Greek6. The evolution of Middle English was reinforced by the—A—influence.A.NormanB.DutchC.GermanD.Danish7. Samuel Johnson’s dictionary was influential in establishing astandard form of—C—.8. At present,nearly —C—of the world’s populationscommunicate in English.A.halfB.a quarterC.one thirdD.one fifthⅢ.Give brief answers to the following questions.1.Why do tourist from all over the world like go to Scotland?2.How many periods can the development of the Englishlanguage be divided intoand what are they?3.Why did English become more important after the Black Death? Ⅳ.State your understanding of the following questions.1.Who are the British people?2.What is Standard English?Chapter 2Ⅰ.Read the following statements and decide whether they are true(T) or false(F).—T—1.Birtish history before 55 BC is basically undocumented.—T—2.The Anglo Saxon came to Britain in the 5th century. —F—3.The chief or king of the Anglo Saxon tribes exercised power at their own will.—T—4.The Viking began to attack the English coast in the 8th century.—T—5.Henry Ⅱbuilt up a large empire which included England and most of france.—F—6.The Magana Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged class and townspeople.—F—7.The Hundred Years’War was a series of wars fought between the British and the Vikings for trade and territory.—T—8.In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions,Queen Elizabeth Ⅰactually defended the fruit the Reformation.Ⅱ. Choose the best answer to complete each of the following statements.1. The—D—attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410.A. NormanB. DanishC.CelticD.Germanic2. By the late 7th century, —D—became the dominant religion in England.A. Celtic ChristianityB. Anglo Saxons ChristianityC.Germanic ChristianityD. Roman Christianity3. The—C—marked the establishment of feudualism in England.A.Viking invasionsB. signing of the Magna CartaC.Norman ConquestD.adoption of common law4. The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of—C—A.the House of ValoisB. the House of YorkC. the House of TudorD. the House of Lancaster5. The direct cause ofor the Reformation was King Henry Ⅷ’seffort to—A—.A.divorce his wifeB.break with RomeC.support the ProtestantD.declare his supreme power overthe church6. The English Civil War broke out in1642 between —B—A.the Protestant and the PuritansB.the Royalist and the ParliamentarianC.the nobles and the peasantsD.the aristocrats and theChristians7. —A—was passed after the Glorious Revolution.A.The Bill of RightsB.The Act of SupremacyC.The Provisions of OxfordD.The Magna Carta8. The Industrail Revolution was accomplished in Britain by themiddle of the —C—century.A.17thB.18thC.19thD.20thⅢ.Give brief answers to the following questions.1.What were Queen Victoria’s major achievements?2.What were the two camps in the World WarⅠ?3.Why did Britain cooperate closely with the Uinited States after World War Ⅱ?Ⅳ.State your understanding of the following questions.1.What were the results of the Industrail revolution in Britain?2.Explain the rise and fall of the British Empire.Chapter 3Ⅰ.Read the following statements and decide whether they are true(T) or false(F).—T—1.Conventions are regarded less important than the statutory law in the working of the England government.—F—2.The British monarchy has never been interrupted throughout the history.—F—3.In reality,the British King or Queen is the house of allgovernment powers.—F—4.The British Parliament is the law making body of the Commonwealth of Nations.—F—5.The members of the House of Commons are appointed rather than elected.—T—6.The British Prime Minister is the leader of the minority party in Parliament.—F—7.Cabinet members are chosen by the Prime Minister from various political parties in Parliament.—T—8.The legal systems in England ,Wales,Scotland and Northern Ireland are much similar in terms of law,orgalizations and practice.Ⅱ. Choose the best answer to complete each of the following statements.1.The British government is characterized by a division of powersbetween three of the following branchs EXCEPT the—C—.A.judiciaryB.legislatureC.monarchyD.executive2. The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on—D—.A.passing billsB.advising the gowernmentsC.political partiesD.public attitude3. As a revising chamber ,the House of Lords is expected to—B—the House of Commons.A.rivalplementC.criticizeD.inspect4. —A—is at the center of the British political system.A.The CabinetB.The House of LordsC.The House of CommonsD.The Privy Council5. The main duty of the British Privy Council is to —B—.A.make decisionsB.give adviceC.pass billsD.supervise the Cabinet6. Generally speaking,the British Parliament operates on a —B—system.A.single partyB.two partyC.three partyD.multi party7. The politices of the Conservative Party are characterized bypragmatism and—D—.ernment interventionB.nationalization ofenterprisesC.social reformD.a belief in individualiam8. In Britain,the parliamentary general election is held every—C—years.A.threeB.fourC.fiveD.sixⅢ.Give brief answers to the following questions.1.What are the three functions of the House of Commons?2.What kind of public image does the Liberal Democrats have inBritain?3.Why are independent candidates unlikely towin in the generalelections?Ⅳ.State your understanding of the following questions.1.What do British electoral campaigns usually involves duringthe process of a general election?2.What is the Commonwealth of Nations?Chapter 4Ⅰ.Read the following statement and decide whether they are ture(T) or false (F).—T—1.Britain was the first industrialized nation in the world. —T—2.The British economy experienced a relative decline during the postwar period.—F—3.Limited resources and high unemployment rate were persistent.—F—4.Thatcher’s revolution turned out to be agreat success in dealing with all the British economic and social problems. —T—5.The economic approach adopted by Tony Blair was different from that of the old Labor Party and the Conservetive Party. —T—6.Blair made the Bank of England independent in oder toseparate politics from economic policy.—F—7.Britain is an important oil exporter since its oil industry has a long history.—T—8.Nuclear power is one of the major energy sources in Britain. Ⅱ.Choose the best answer to complete each of the following statements.1. The —A—in the early 1970s worsened an already stagnant economy in Britain.A.oil crisisB.high inflation ratesrge importsD.unemployment problem2. Of the following practices, —C—did not belong to Thatcher’s social welfare reform.A.reducing child benefitsB.shortening the period of unemployment benefitsC.reducing unemploymentD.lowering old age pension3. The Blair government was successful in the following aspect EXPECT—D—.A.limiting government spendingB.keeping inflationunder controlC.reducing unemploymentD.reducing inequality4. Britain has devoted about—C—of its land area to agriculture.A.50%B.60%C.70%D.80%5. Britain’s important fishing areas include all the followingEXCEPT—D—.A.the North SeaB.the English ChannelC.the area around the Irish coastD.the sea area between Britain and Ireland6. Coal mining industry in Britain provides—B—of the energyconsumed in the country.A.one thirdB.one fourthC.one fifthD.two thirds7. The car industry in Britain is mostly —A—.A.foreign ownedB.state ownedC.joint ownedD.privately owned8. Of the following sectors in Britain, —C—has experiencedspectacular growth since the end of the World War Ⅱ.A.agricultureB.the energy industryC.the service sectorD.the manufacturing industryⅢ.Give brief answers to the following questions.1.What was the negative aspect of Thatcher’s reform in the early1980s.2.What are the charactoristics of Britain’sagriculture?3.What happened to Britain’s beef industry in the mid 1990s? Ⅳ.State your understanding of the following questions.1.What were the major causes of Britain’s relative economic decline in the postwar period?2.Why do developed nations like Britian encourage the development of the service industry?Chapter 5Ⅰ.Read the following statement and decide whether they are ture(T) or false (F).—F—1.The Britain government has been responsible for education since the early 1800s.—F—cation inBritain is compulsory for all children between the ages of 6 and 15.—F—3.The National Curriculum is compulsory in both the states system and the independent system.—T—4.When children finish their schooling at 16,they are required to take a national GCSE examination.—T—5.Graduates from state schools in Britain have a less favorable chance to enter famous universities than those fromindependent schools.—F—6.The Times is the world oldest Sunday newspapers. —F—7.The BBC World Service broadcast only in English throughout the world.—T—8. Some British holidays are celebrated to mark important events in the Christian calendar,and some others are related to local customs and traditions.Ⅱ.Choose the best answer to complete each of the following statements.1. In Britain,the division between grammer schools and vocational schools was ended by the introduction of comprehensive schools in the —D—.A.1930sB.1940sC.1950sD.1960s2. Over—C—of British children receive primary and secondary education through the independent system.A.5%B.6%C.7%D.Partially funded 8%3. Partially funded by central government grants,most of the British universities receive the remaining funds from all the following sources EXCEPT—B—.A.tuition feesB.loansC.donationsD.corporate contributions4. To be admitted to the Open University, one needs—B—.A.some educational qualificatonsB.no educational qualificationsC.the General Certificate of Education Advanced level.D. the General Certificate of Secondary Education5. Among Britain’s quality press,the following newspapers areregarded as the “Big Three”EXCEPT—C—.A.The TimesB.The GuardianC.The ObserverD.The Daily Telegraph6. Life On Earth is a kind of —C—program produced by the BBC ispopular worldwide.A.radioB.dramaC.documentaryD.soap opera7. —D—is Britain’s top pay television provider.A.BSBB.SkyTVC.BBCD.BSkyB8. The following Christmas traditions are particularly BritishEXCEPT—A—.A.Trooping the ColorB.the Queen’s ChristmasmessageC.Boxing DayD.the Christmas pantomimeⅢ.Give brief answers to the following questions.1.What used to be the major functions of grammer schools and vocational schools in Britain.2.What kind of subjects do British comprehensive schools provide?3.In what ways do British universities enjoy complete academic freedom?4.What role does the media play in Britain leisure culture?Ⅳ.State your understanding of the following questions.1.What are the general features of Britain’s independent schools?2.What are the “Quality Press”and the “tabloids”in Britain?Chapter 6Ⅰ.Read the following statement and decide whether they are ture(T) or false (F).—F—1.The Canterbury Tales is representative work of the old English period.—T—2.The Renaissance is characterized by admiration of the Greek and Latin classic works.—T—3.As a great English peot,Alexander Pope also translatedHomer’s Iliad.—F—4.Jhonathan Swift is probably the foremost prose satirist in the English language,and Robinson Crusoe is his masterpiece. —F—5.William Wordsworth amd Sumuel Taylor Colerdge brought the Romantic Movement to its height.—F—6.Lord Byron distinguished himself by the musical quality of his short poems,such as “Ode to the West Winds”.—F—7.Jane Austen is a well known novelist of the stream of consciousness school.—T—8.Joseph Conrad is classified as a forerunner of Modernism,which prevailed before World War Ⅱ.Ⅱ.Choose the best answer to complete each of the following statements.1. The most significant achievement of the English Renaissance is —B—.A.poetryB.dramaC.novelD.pamphlet2. —C—is viewed as Romantic poetry’s “Declaration of independence”.A. “I Wonder Lonely as a Cloud”B.Don JuanC.The preface to Lyrical BalladsD.PrometheusUnbound3.Of Dicken’s novels, —B—is considered most autobiographical.A.A Tale of Two CitiesB.Davied CopperfiedC.Oliver TwistD.Great Expectations4. —D—is a representative of English Critical Realism in the turnof the 19th century.A.Robert Louis SetevensonB.John MiltonC.Joseph ConardD.Thomas Hardy5. Of the following books, —C—is NOT written by Thomas Hardy.A.Jude the ObscureB.Tess of the d’UrbervillesC.Adam BedeD.The Return of the Native6. —A—is not included in the modernist group.A.Oscar WildeB.Virginia WoolfC.William Bulter YeatsD.T.S.Eliot7. Of the following writers, —B—is NOT a Nobel Prize winner.A.Samuel BeckettB.James JoyceC.William GoldingD.V.S.Naipual8. Waiting for Godot is written by—A—.A.Samuel BeckettB.Geroge OrwellC. William GoldingwranceⅢ.Give brief answers to the following questions.1.What are the three catergries of Shakespeare’s plays and theirrepresentatives?2.What is Critical Realism?3.What are the two new literary trends prevailing at the end of 19th century?4.What is the stream of consciousness?Ⅳ.State your understanding of the following questions.1.What is Romanticism?2.What are the characteristics of English literauture in the 20th century?Chapter 7Ⅰ.Read the following statement and decide whether they are ture(T) or false (F).—F—1.The Republic of Ireland occupies the entire area of the island of Ireland.—F—2.The earliest inhabitants in Ireland were Celtic tribes from Europe.—F—3.In the 1800s, Ireland gained in prosperity because it became a part of Britain.—T—4.In the 1930s, Ireland was not indeed a republic, but belonged to the British Commonwealth of Nations.—F—5.Ireland’s economy wasn’t affected by World War Ⅱbecauseit remained neutral during the war.—F—6.In 1949, Britain recognized the independence of the Irish Republic and returned the six northern counties.—F—7.English is the only official language in Ireland because the majority of people speak it as their mother tongue.—T—8.Catholicism in Ireland is more than a mere matter of private faith, but of public identity.Ⅱ.Choose the best answer to complete each of the following statements.1. --B-- established a unified Irish culture and language in the 6th century BC.A. Hunter-gatherers from BritainB. Celtic tribesC. British invadersD. The Vikings2. Divergent views about --C--resulted in the Irish Civil War.A. the Act of UnionB. the Unilateral Declaration of IndependenceC. the Anglo-Irish TreatyD. the Anglo-Irish Agreement3. --C---was the first Irish President to visit Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ.A. Eamon de ValeraB. John A. CostelloC. Mary RobinsonD. Albert Reynolds4. ---D--brought Anglo-Irish relations to a new height.A. The British recognition of the Irish RepublicB. The signing of the Downing Street DeclarationC. The signing of the Belfast AgreementD. The IRA’s formal declaration of the disarmament in 20055. In Ireland, the head of state is--B---A. the Prime MinisterB. the PresidentC. the British monarchD. the General Governor6. ---C---has been the dominant party in Ireland since 1930s andsupports peaceful reunification of the island of Ireland.A. Fine GaelB. The Labor PartyC. Fianna FailD. The Progressive Democrats7. Emigration in Ireland started since the --A--A. medieval periodB. 17th centuryC. Great Potato FamineD. early 18th century8. Ireland now has a --B-- economy.A. agriculture-basedB. knowledge-basedC. industry-basedD. foreign investment-basedⅢ.Give brief answers to the following questions.1. Why was Cork given the nickname “the Rebel County”?2. Who were the first groups of people that came to Ireland?3. Why did Ireland remain neutral in World War Ⅱ？Ⅳ.State your understanding of the following questions.1. What is the significance of the following documents: the Act of Union, the Anglo-Irish Treaty, the Anglo-Irish Agreement and the Belfast Agreement?2. What are the goals of the main political parties in Ireland?Chapter 8Ⅰ.Read the following statement and decide whether they are ture(T) or false (F).—F—1.The eastern highlands formed by the Appalachian Range hold one-third of the country’s continental territory.—T—2.The climate in the United States can be classified as temperate, with some mild subtropical and tropical zones. —T—3.A 50-centimeter rainfall line runs through the middle of the United States.—T—4.New York is composed of five boroughs, including Manhattan, Brooklyn, the Bronx, Staten Island and Queens.—F—5.San Francisco is the second largest city after New York and the world-famous Hollywood is located here.—T—6.During the 1830s and the 1840s, many Northern Europeans and Irish immigrants came to America.—T—7.Almost half of the immigrants coming to the United States inthe 1980s were Asians.—T—8.Basic American cultural values are freedom, equality and desire to work hard for a higher standard of living.Ⅱ.Choose the best answer to complete each of the following statements.1. The U.S. lies in --B--North America, with Canada to the north, Mexico to the south, the Atlantic to its ----and the Pacific to its -----.A. northern, east, westB. central, east, westC. southern, west, eastD. western, west, east2. The continental United States has--C---states.A. 50B. 49C. 48D. 353. The state of --A--- is the largest in area of all the U.S. states.A. AlaskaB. HawaiiC. TexasD. Florida4. The longest river in the U.S. is ---B---A. the Missouri RiverB. the Mississippi RiverC. the Ohio RiverD. the Lake Itasca5. Some of the world-famous universities like Harvard, Yale andMIT are located in--C--.A. the SouthB. the WestC. New EnglandD. the Midwest6. San Francisco, Los Angeles and San Diego all belong to --D--A. MontanaB. UtahC. MaineD. California7. The Immigration Act of 1924 restricted further immigration intothe United States, particularly from--A----.A. EuropeB. AsiaC. AfricaD. South America8. The characteristics of the dominant American culture are--D-A. English-speaking, Northern European, Roman Catholic andmiddle-classB. English-speaking, Western European, Roman Catholic andupper-classC. English-speaking, Northern European, Protestant andupper-classD. English-speaking, Western European, Protestant andmiddle-classⅢ.Give brief answers to the following questions.1. How is the American population distributed?2. Why was the Immigration Act of 1924 instituted?Ⅳ.State your understanding of the following questions.1. Why is the United States regarded as a “melting pot”and a “salad bowl”?2. What do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural society?Chapter 9Ⅰ.Read the following statement and decide whether they are ture(T) or false (F).—T—1.American was named after Amerigo Vespucci,who arrived on the new continent after Columbus.—F—2.The Second Continental Congress was held in Phiadelphia,and the Continental Army and Navy was established under the command of Thomas Jerfferson.—T—3.The Amemrican Civil War not only put an end to slavery,but also make American a single,indivisible nation.—F—4.Most American people approved of the Vietnam War. —T—5.In1990,American troops and the troops from allied nations took joint military action in order to drive Iraqi troops out of Kuwait.—F—6.According to the American government,Saddam Hussein and Osama bin Laden were responsible for the terrorist event onSeptemble11,2001.—T—7.The Bush administration regarded Iraq a nation among the “axis of the evil”.—F—8.On March 20,2003,American and United Nations’troops, supposed by several other countries,began an invasion of Iraq. Ⅱ.Choose the best answer to complete each of the following statements.1. The first successful English conoly in North America was founded at—C—in——.A.Jamestown,LouisianaB.Boston, MassachusettsC.Jamestown,VirginiaD.Plymouth,Gergia2. The Seven Years’War occurred between—C—.A.the French and the American IndiansB.the French and the SpanishC.the French and the BritishD. the British and the American Indians3. “No taxation without representation”was the rallying slogan of —D—.A.the settlers of VirginiaB.the people of PennsylvaniaC.the colonists in New EnglandD.the people of the 13 colonies4. In May 1775, —B—was held in Phiadelphia and began toassume the functions of a provisional government.A.the First Continental CongressB.the Second ContinentalCongressC.the Boston Tea PartyD.the Congress ofConfederation5. Abraham Lincoln issued the —C—to grant freedom to allslaves.A.Declaration of IndependenceB.ConstitutionC.Emancipation ProclamationD.Bill of Rights6. The policy of the United States was —A—at the beginning ofthe two World Wars.A.nuetralityB.full involvementC.partial involvementD.appeasement7. President —C—introduced the NⅡew Deal to deal with theproblems of the Great Depression.A.WilsonB.TrumanC.RooseveltD.Kennedy8. The Vietanam War was a long time suffering for Americans,andits continued throughout the terms of president—D—.A.Johnson,Nixon and FordB.Truman,Eisenhower andKennedyC.Kennedy,Johnson and NixonD.Eisenhower,kennedy andJohnsonⅢ.Give brief answers to the following questions.1.Why did American change its policy and enter World War Ⅱ?2.What were Nixon’s well known contributions during his presidency?3.What were the measures of Reagan’s economic program? Ⅳ.State your understanding of the following questions.1.What was the course of the American Civil War?2.What made the United States a powerful country by the end of World War Ⅱ?Chapter 10Ⅰ.Read the following statement and decide whether they are true(T) or false (F).—F—1.The Bill of Right was written into the Constitution in 1787. —T—2.The form of the American government is based on three main principles: federalism, the separation of powers and respect for the Constitution and rule of law.—F—3.The US Congress consists of two houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords.—T—4.The judicial branch of the US federal government consists of a series of courts: the supreme court, the courts of appeals and the district courts.—F—5.The Democratic Party is conservative in terms of its ideology. —T—6.The American presidential campaigns adhere to the “winner-takes-all”practice.—F—7.The American foreign policy throughout World War 2 was neutrality.—T—8.The American foreign policy during the Cold War period was containment and intervention.Ⅱ.Choose the best answer to complete each of the following statements.1.The US.Constitution came into effect in –B--A. 1787B. 1789C. 1791D.17932. The Constitution of the United States --C--A. gives the most power to CongressB. gives the mostpower to the presidentC. tries to give each branch enough power to balance theothers D. gives the most power to the Supreme Court3.The Bill of Right –B--A. defines the rights of Congress and the rights of thePresident B. guarantees citizens of the US specific individual rights and freedomC. is part of the Declaration of IndependenceD. hasno relationship with the Constitution.4.The terms for a Senator and Representative are __D_ and ___years reapectively.A. 2;4B.2;3C. 2;6D.6;25. All the following can make legislative proposals EXCEPT –C--A. the senatorB. the RepresentativeC. the secretary of stateD. the president6.The following are all powers of the President EXCEPT CA. vetoing any bills passed by CongressB. appointing federal judges when vacancies occurC. making lawsD.issuing executive orders7. The Supreme Court is composed of __D_ justicesA. 6B. 7C. 8D.98. The president is directly voted into office by _C__A. all citizens of AmericaB. the citizens over 18 yearsoldC. electors elected by the votersD. the senators andthe representativesⅢ.Give brief answers to the following questions.1.what are the two characteristics of the us constitution?2.what are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?3.what are the major powers of the Supreme Court?4.what are the differences between the Democrats and the Republicans in terms of political ideology.Ⅳ.State your understanding of the following questions.1.How is the American President voted into office? What are your ideas about the American election?2.what was President Eisenhower’s foreign policy and what were the consequences?Chapter 11Ⅰ.Read the following statement and decide whether they are true(T) or false (F).—T—1.America is the world’s largest industrial nation.—T—2.In the US Constitution ,the recognition of the importance of ‘intellectual property’could be identified.—F—3.Although slavery was abolished as a result of the Civil War, the owners of plantations in the South made more profits from selling their agricultural products.。
英语国家概况资料
英国国家概况Lesson 1 General Information on the UK and the USA I DetailsTHE UKLocation / area/ population/dialects/climate1.Full name:Nick name:2.Four main parts:3.Total area:4.Total population:5. capital city;6.Climate:Highest :Lowest:Industry /economy7.Main industry:8.Primary energy:9.Other industries:10.Currency:11.Sign of currency:national symbols /famous figures/religions/ beliefs 12. the national flag of the UK:13he national anthem:14.the constitution of government:15. the head of state:16. the head of government:17. national flowers:18. national bird:19. famous figures:20. main religion:Other religions:21. main festivals;THE USALocation / area/ population/ethnic groups/climate 1.Full name:Nick name2.total area:3.capital city:4.total population5.climate:highest:lowest:Economy/national symbols/famous figures6.economy system:7.business giant:8.national flag:9.national anthem:10.g overnment system:main parties:11. national flower”12. national bird:13. currency:14. sign of currency:15. four most beloved presidents:16. famous figures:Music /sports/holiday17. typical music:18. national sport19. popular holidays20. biggest region:II important words or phrases1.Because of its long tradition of accommodating immigrants and refugees, Britain is considered as one of the most multi-racial countries in the world, containing a diversity of ethnic groups, most of which are from the Commonwealth countries.2.Known as the “melting pot”, the United States is another typical multi-racial country, with a population of 303 million.III HomeworkLesson 3 A Brief History of the UK1.凯尔特人时代（Celtic Age ）Stonehenge2.罗马入侵（Roman invasion ）P41Roman invasion in ______________3.盎格鲁-撒克逊时代与丹麦统治时期449-----1066(Anglo--Saxon Britain and Norman Invasion )4.诺曼王朝1066----1154Norman Britain5.金雀花王朝1154-----1399 House of Plantagenet1337--1453 Hundred Years ’ War with France P431348--1349 Black Death6.兰卡斯特王朝Lancaster 1399---14611455--1487 Wars of Roses （）7.约克王朝York 1461---14858.都铎王朝Tudors 1485--1603 近代英国开始English Renaissance (1350--1650)9.汉诺威王朝1714--1917Rise of the British Empire1780---1830 Industrial Revolution P44(译）As a result of the Industrial Revolution, Britain was by 1830 the “Workshop of the World”, with no other country ready to compete with her in industrial production.Late18th---Early 19th Century Colonial Expansion(译）By 1900, Britain had built up a big empire” on which the sun never sets”, which included 25% of the world’s population and area. P45Fall of the British Empire1914--1918 WWI1939--1945 WWII1960S 英帝国殖民体系瓦解Lesson 4 A Brief History of the USA1.Pre-Colonial America1)What was the origin of the present-day United States by some archaeological evidence?2. English Colonial America(1607--1776)1) Where and when was the first colony founded?2)(译）By 1750, nearly 2 million people were living in these colonies, many of whom were Puritans who left their own countries in search of religious freedom. The most typical example was the voyage of the Mayflower ship,which carried the pilgrims across the Atlantic Ocean and arrived at Plymouth on American east coast in 1620.3.Forming of the USA(1776--1849)1)What is the prelude of the war of Independence?2)Can you list the process of the war of Independence?3)How did the USA realize its territorial expansion?4.The Civil War (1861--1865)1)What caused the civil war?2)Where did Lincoln make a famous speech in 1863? 5.Rapid Growth of Economy( 1865--1918)1)What helped the USA grow rapidly?6.Post--WWI and Great Depression (1918--1940)1)How did the historians described the 1920s in the US?2)Can you describe the Great Depression in the USA?6.World War II(1939--1945)7.American Society During Postwar BoomLesson 6 Political System in the UK and the USAPolitical System in the UKGeneral introduction:1)What is the government system of the UK?2)What are the civil rights under this system?3)What is the principle of dividing the functions of government?4)What are the three parts of the UK government?The Executivemonarch1)Who is the head of UK state?2)What power does the Queen of UK have?Prime ministe r1)What is the constitution of the Cabinet?2)What are the main functions of prime minister?The Legislatureparliament1)What are the two parts of the British Parliament?2)What are the constitutions of the House of Lords & the House of Commons?The Judiciary1)Who is the head of the judiciary in England and Wales?Political System in the USAConstitution and Bill of rights1.What is “ checks and balances”?2.According to the Bill of Rights, what fundamental rights does any American have?The Federal SystemThe Legislative Branch----Congress1.What rights does the Congress have in the USA?2.What is the constitution of the Congress in UAS? The Executive Branch----President1.What rights does the President of USA have? The Judicial Branch------The Supreme Court。
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Objectives
Master the key facts of Canada, Australia and New Zealand. Identify the representative symboles of these three countries. Make an oral report about the characteristics of these three countries.
Unit One General Introduction
Lesson 2 General Information on Canada, Australia and New Zealand
Canada's National Tower
Sydney Opera House
HAKA of The Maori
polar bear
A fascinating and dangerous animal most often found in Northern Manitoba(曼尼托巴 省) in Canada. The polar bear is found throughout the Arctic Ocean and adjacent( 临近的 ) seas. Due to the absence of human development in its remote habitat, it retains more of its original range than any other extant large carnivore.
Sleeping koala
Unit One General Introduction---Lesson 2 General Introduction On Canada, Australia and New Zealand
kiwi bird
A flightless bird which is the representative animal of New Zealand. Currently, there are five accepted species (one of which has four sub-species).
Climate and Environment
Four distinct seasons The most important factor is latitude. ---It gets colder the further north you go. ---The warmest in the south is most populated. ---the western and eastern coasts are quite wet. ---Canadian winters are long and hard. ---In more than two-thirds of the country, the average January temperature is a shivering 。 -18 C。 ---July and Augst are the warmest monthe, when temperature in the south is in the 。 upper 20 C。
Objectives Starter Teaching Points Lesson Review Case Study Supplementary Reading
Unit One General Introduction---Lesson 2 General Introduction On Canada, Australia and New Zealand
Parliament of Australia
Sydney St Paul's Cathedral, Melbourne
Unit One General Introduction---Lesson 2 General Introduction On Canada, Australia and New Zealand
Population and Government
The total population of the country is around 33 millions. ---Migration has been one important source of Canadian population and growth. Ottawa is the capital city in Ontario （ 安 大 略 省 ） with a population of nearly one million. Ottawa Toronto is the largest city.
Kangaroo Australian representative animal, keeping babies in the pouch. The kangaroo is an Australian icon: it is featured on the Australian coat of arms, on some of its currency.
A "kangaroo crossing" sign on an Australian highway.
A red kangaroo,
kangaroo
Unit One General Introduction---Lesson 2 General Introduction On Canada, Australia and New Zealand
Unit One General Introduction---Lesson 2 General Introduction On Canada, Australia and New Zealand
Teaching Points
Text A Canada
Text B Australia
Text C New Zealand
Unit One General Introduction---Lesson 2 General Introduction On Canada, Australia and New Zealand
Text A Canada
Tell as much as you know about the following places. Location and Area Population and Government Climate and Environment Economy and Courrency National Symbols and Holidays
⑥Greenland ②
③
⑤
④
Unit One General Introduction---Lesson 2 General Introduction On Canada, Australia and New Zealand
Location and Area
in the east Location northern Northern America in the west in the south in the north the Atlantic Ocean the Pacific Ocean the the USA the Arctic Ocean the Great Prairies Rocky Mountains Niagara Falls the Canadian Shield(加拿大地 盾)
Unit One General Introduction---Lesson 2 General Introduction On Canada, Australia and New Zealand
Starter
Identify the following pictures, and say what you know about them. Offer as much information as you can about Canada, Australia and New Zealand.
Unit One General Introduction---Lesson 2 General Introduction On Canada, Australia and New Zealand
①Arctic Ocean ① ⑥
②Atlantic Ocean
③Pacific Ocean ④Toronto ⑤Ottawa
Unit One General Introduction---Lesson 2 General Introduction On Canada, Australia and New Zealand
General Information on Canada, Australia and New Zealand
kiwi bird
Kiwi on 1898 New Zealand stamp.
The distribution of each species of kiwi
Unit One General Introduction---Lesson 2 General Introduction On Canada, Australia and New Zealand
Unit One General Introduction---Lesson 2 General Introduction On Canada, Australia and New Zealand
Australia: Banff Nathional Park
New Zealand
Unit One General Introduction---Lesson 2 General Introduction On Canada, Australiaal Introduction---Lesson 2 General Introduction On Canada, Australia and New Zealand