2018总结——新版《英语国家概况》各单元核心生词总结
英语国家概况知识点总结
U.K.&Ireland1.What is the full name of the United Kingdom?the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国its short term :UK: the United Kingdom (大不列颠)联合王国2.What are the other names?Great Britain (大不列颠，英国）its short term: G.B. GBBritain(不列颠, 英国)England英格兰(the main part of Britain)英国the British Empire大英帝国(a historical term)the British Commonwealth英联邦3.What are the two large islands that make up the British Isles?The British Isles（不列颠群岛）：are made up of two large islands---Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones.Great Britain and Ireland4.What are the four political divisions of the United Kingdom? Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland5.What’s its respective capital（首府）?England: LondonScotland: EdinburghWales：CardiffNorthern Ireland:. Belfast6.What’s the national anthem?God Save the Queen/King7. What’s its national flower?RoseWhat’s its national flag?the Union Jack9. What’s its nickname?John Bull. A personification of the British nation or a typical British man10.What kind of country is Britain in terms of its geographical feature? An island country11.Which river is important in Britain?The Thames River12.Can you tell me something about the location of Britain?It lies in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe. It is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east.13.What’s the climate like in Britain? Why do British people talk about weather very often?Britain has a maritime climate------winters are not too cold and summers are not too hot. It has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year. The temperature varies within a smallrange. That’s why British people talk about weather a lot.14.What are the symbols of England?The royal policeman, Royal Coat of Arms(皇家徽章), Black Taxi, Foot Guard,Life Guard, Double Decker Bus ,Union Flag , Big Ben15.Can you list some landmarks of London?Tower of London, London Eye, the Buckingham Palace, St Paul's Cathedral, Tower Bridge16.What are the symbols of Scotland?Edinburgh, Edinburgh International Arts Festival, Tartan, Whiskey, Bagpipe, golf17.The earliest known settlers on the British Isles were Iberians18.Christianity was first brought to England by The RomansThe United States1. How do you know about the different names of USA?the United States of America; US; U.S. USA; U.S.A2. What’s its national flag?The Stars and Stripes, Old Glory, The Starry Banner3.How do you know the meaning of its national flag?The stripes symbolize the 13 colonies that originally constituted the United States of America. The stars represent the 50 states of the Union. White signifies Purity and Innocence; Red, Hardiness and Valor; and Blue, Vigilance, Perseverance and Justice.4. What’s the nickname of American people?Uncle Sam5. What’s its national anthem(国歌)?The Star-Spangled Banner 《星条旗永不落》6. There are many things that symbolize American culture, could you say some of them? No less than 10 itemsMany things that symbolize American culture. The list runs as follows:1) Statue of Liberty2)White House3) President Hill4)Lincoln Memorial Hall5)Empire State Building6)Times Square7)Broadway Theater DistrictWhere is the US? Could you tell me its boundary ?How large is it?What’s its rank respectively all over the world concerning to its area and population? How many states are there in the mainland of the United States?And which two states are geographically separated from the other?。
英语国家概况 总结
BritainGovernmentThe Legislature●The United Kingdom is a parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch.● A king or queen is the head of state, and a prime minister is the head of government.●The people vote in elections for Members of Parliament (MPs) to represent them.●Consists of the House of Lords, the House of Commons, and the Crown.●Head of Government: Prime Minister●Parliament (659 in House of Commons, more than 660 in House of Lords)●Highest Court: House of Lords (Lord Chancellor is head of judiciary)●V oting Qualifications: All citizens age 18 and overThe Executive●The chief executive is the prime minister, who is a member of the House of Commons.●The executive branch also includes Her Majesty’s Government, commonly referred tosimply as “the government.”●The government is composed of ministers in the Cabinet, most of whom are members of theHouse of Commons; government departments, each of which is responsible to a minister;local authorities; and public corporations.●The prime minister presides over the Cabinet and selects the other Cabinet members, whojoin him or her to form the government that is part of the functioning executive.●Acting through the Cabinet and in the name of the monarch, the prime minister exercises allof the theoretical powers of the Crown, including making appointments.●Two key doctrines of Cabinet government are collective responsibility and ministerialresponsibility.The Judiciary●Judges are appointed from among practicing lawyers.●Barristers or advocates advise on legal problems and present cases in the lay justices' and jurycourts.●Solicitors represent individual and corporate clients and appear in the lay justices' courts.●Lay justices need no legal qualifications but are trained to give them sufficient knowledge ofthe law.EducationPrimary and Secondary Education●Up to age 5, children may have some pre-primary schooling in nursery schools, daycare orplay groups.●Between the ages of 5 to 11, pupils mainly attend state sector primary schools. Theseschools are called co-educated or mixed schools because they admit both boys and girls.●From the age of 11 up to around the age of 19, students attend secondary schools. More than80% of pupils in secondary students in England and Wales attend mixed schools ; 60% in Northern Ireland; Scotland, nearly all.Higher education●only one privately funded university: the University of Buckingham●oldest universities:1) England—Oxford (12th C.) and Cambridge (13th C.)2) Scotland: St Andrews, Glasgow, Edinburgh and Aberdeen from 14th and 15th centuriesIrelandGovernment●After independence from the Great Britain, Ireland takes a polity mixed with both the Britainand the United States●The Government is headed by President, not the Queen.●The President appoints the Prime Minister, not necessarily the head of the Party in power.●The Cabinet is organized by 16 Ministers of the Government assigned by the Prime Minister ●The legislation is interpreted by a hierarchy of courts●The executive branch of the country, checked by the legislature and the judiciary●the parliament and the legal system●Education●Irish educational system is among the cheapest and best in Europe.●In Ireland, education is compulsory for children aged 6 to 15.●Primary education 6-12●Secondary education 12-18●Higher educationAmericaGovernmentThe United States of America is a constitutional, representative democracy. Power in the US ultimately derives from the citizens of the country. The nation’s leaders are chosen by elections every few years.The Constitution of the United States is the foundational document of America which forms the basis of the laws in the US and lays out the structure of the government.The constitution divides the government into three branches:The Legislative branch: The congress of the United States is laid out in two houses, the upper house or Senate, and the lower house or the House of Representatives.The Executive Branch: The executive branch of the US government is composed of the President of the United States and the Federal Bureaucracy, or all of the people who work for the President.Judicial Branch: The United States federal court system makes up the Judicial Branch of the US government. This includes federal courts, federal appeals courts, and the US Supreme Court.Education●Primary schoolAmerican children start school at the age of five years. The first year at school is called kindergarten.●Secondary schoolSecondary school most commonly consists of a total of seven years, referred to as sixth through twelfth grades●Undergraduate schoolUndergraduate school offers either a two-year degree or a four-year degree in a specific course of major.●Graduate schoolStudents who have obtained a bachelor’s degree can continue their education by pursuing one of two types of degrees.CanadaGovernment●Canada’s system of government was based on the British system of parliamentarydemocracy,which is referred to as “west minster-style”democracy●The official head of state is the Queen,who is also the queen of other former British colonies ●The Queen is represented by an official called a Governor-general●Both the queen and the Governor general occupy roles which are largely ceremonial●MPs—generally all belong to political parties●Prime minister—the party that wins the most seats forms the government and the party leaderbecome Prime Minister, the most important person in Canadian government●The Cabinet—chosen by the prime minister,consists of senior MPs from the governingparty●The Senate—appointed by the governor general,who acts on the recommendation of theprime minister.●--not like the US Senate,but analogou to the House of Lords in UKEducation●the mandatory of school is continued to the age of 16 (some is 18).●children start to go to the kindergarten at the age of 5.●after finished the programs in kindergarten, children will go to Elementary & juniorhigh/middle school.●Before going to college, people sometimes will have a program called 'victory lap' to getready to the college studying●In college, students will get Bachelor's degree then they will decide whether they will have afarther study for a Master's or a Doctorate degree.AustraliaGovernment●Government system: reflects both the British and North American models of liberaldemocracy but with unique Australian characteristics.●Three branches: the legislature, the executive and the judiciary.●The House of Representatives (Lower House)✧150 members✧Functions: It determines the government, debates and passes laws, watches over governmentadministration and expenditure, and provides a forum for public debate on issues of national importance.✧The House's other roles: debate proposed laws, watch over government expenditure,including through its committee system, and to provide a forum for public debate on issues of national importance.●The Senate✧ A check on the government of the day. It consists of 76 senators ( 12 from each state and 2from each territory)✧An equal number of senators regardless of its population✧The Senate conducts much of its work including the budget estimates accountability process.●Parties✧Major political parties:✧The Australian Labour Party(ALP) & the Coalition (the Liberals & the Nationals)✧Governor General –representative of the QueenEducation●Australia has a well-developed educational system with a very high rate of participation andsecondary completion.●Education in Australia is primarily the responsibility of the individual states.●Each state government manages the school system within their state. This means that theyprovide funds and regulation for their schools.●The education system in Australia is divided into five areas:PreschoolPrimary schoolSecondary/high schoolCareer and vocational institutionsUniversity and other tertiary institutionsNew ZealandGovernment●Independent State●Constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy●No written constitution, but the Constitution Act of 1986 defines the structure of thegovernment.●Three branches of government●Legislative (parliament)●Executive (departments and agencies)●Judicial (courts)●Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II, represented by a Governor-General●The Legislaturedeveloped from the British parliamentary system known as the Westminster system of government,and is the law-making body of the New Zealand government.Consists of Sovereign and House of Representatives●The executive-The branch of the New Zealand government is made of the Cabinet ,the Prime Minister and the public sector .-The Governor General is appointed by the Sovereign on the Prime Minister's recommendation for a term of five years.●The judiciaryThe Judiciary applies the law by hearing and deciding cases. It is made up of judges and judicial officersThe judiciary (court system) is independent of the governmentEducation●Education is freely available to everyone. Nearly all schools are run by the stae. All these public school are secular and free●New Zealand offers a wide range of early childhood agencies,namely kindergratens,playcenters,preschools,etc.●Schooling in New Zealand is compulsory for all children aged 6 to 16.Most children start atage 5.●New Zealand secondary education covers Years 9 to 13. Most secondary schools aregovernment-established.●Tertiary education institutions in New Zealand include universities of technology andpolytechnics ,colleges ,Maori tertiary educational institutions and various training establishments。
电大2018年期末考试英语《英语国家概况》科目考试精讲内容汇总
2018电大英语《英语国家概况》科目考试精讲内容整理汇总第一章英国的国土与人民Land and PeopleChapter 1：Land and People 英国的国土与人民I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts 英国的不同名称及其各组成部分1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England.地理名称：不列颠群岛，大不列颠和英格兰。
2.Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.官方正式名称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
3.The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones.不列颠群岛由两个大岛—大不列颠岛（较大的一个）和爱尔兰岛，及成千上万个小岛组成。
4.Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales.大不列颠岛上有三个政治区：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。
(1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section.英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部，是最大，人口最稠密的地区。
(2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; thesouth Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。
《隋铭才《英语国家概况》笔记和课后习题详解》读书笔记模板
4.1复习笔记 4.2课后习题及详解
5.1复习笔记 5.2课后习题及详解
6.1复习笔记 6.2课后习题及详解
7.1复习笔记 7.2课后习题及详解
8.1复习笔记 8.2课后习题及详解
9.1复习笔记 9.2课后习题及详解
10.1复习笔记 10.2课后习题及详解
11.1复习笔记 11.2课后习题及详解
印度的教育
第1章加拿大、澳 大利亚、新西兰、
印度的社会生活
第3章加拿大、澳 大利亚、新西兰、
印度的媒体
第4章加拿大、 1
澳大利亚、新 西兰、印度的 传统和风俗
第5章加拿大、 2
澳大利亚、新 西兰、印度的 体育运动
3 第6章加拿大、
澳大利亚、新 西兰、印度的 国歌和国旗
4 第7章加拿大、
澳大利亚、新 西兰、印度的 外交关系
17.1复习笔记 17.2课后习题及详解
18.1复习笔记 18.2课后习题及详解
读书笔记
这是《隋铭才《英语国家概况》笔记和课后习题详解》的读书笔记模板，可以替换为自己的心得。
精彩摘录
这是《隋铭才《英语国家概况》笔记和课后习题详解》的读书笔记模板，可以替换为自己的精彩内容摘录。
作者介绍
这是《隋铭才《英语国家概况》笔记和课后习题详解》的读书笔记模板，暂无该书作者的介绍。
谢谢观看
12.1复习笔记 12.2课后习题及详解
13.1复习笔记 13.2课后习题及详解
14.1复习笔记 14.2课后习题及详解
15.1复习笔记 15.2课后习题及详解
16.1复习笔记 16.2课后习题及详解
17.1复习笔记 17.2课后习题及详解
18.1复习笔记 18.2课后习题及详解
英语国家概况重点整理
英语国家概况重点整理第一周Questions and answers1.一、What are those 6 English-speaking countries and it’s capitals?1: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国(London伦敦)2: The Republic of Ireland 爱尔兰共和国(Dublin都柏林)3: The United States of America 美利坚合众国(Washington DC 华盛顿DC) 4: Canada 加拿大(Ottawa渥太华)5:The Commonwealth of Australia 澳大利亚联邦(Canberra堪培拉)6:New Zealand (新西兰) (Wellington惠灵顿)第二周chapter1-2Questions and answers2.What is the full name of the United Kingdom?The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland3.What are the other names?Simplified names: UK, United Kingdom。
Geographical name; Britain, Great BritainHistorical name: the British Empire; the British Commonwealth;4.What are the two large islands that make up the British Isles?Great Britain and Ireland5.What are the four political divisions of the United Kingdom?England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland6.What are their respective capitals（首府）?London, Edinburgh, Cardiff, Belfast7.What’s its nickname?John Bull; sometimes, lion8.What’s the national anthem（国歌）?God save the Queen/King9.What’s its national flower?Rose10.What’s its national flag?Union Jack11.How many members are there in British Commonwealth in 2007?53课后重点练习P8 一、1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 三、1 2 3 4 5 6 四、1 2 3 4 8 13 14 15 16 18 19 20 五、2第三周chapter3-5Questions and answers1. How do you know the three stages in the development of the English language?1. Old English.2. Middle English.3. Modern English. (450-1150-1450-present) English is descended from the Germanic (日耳曼语) language of the Anglo-Saxons.(450-1150-1450-present)A: Early Modern English B: Authoritarian English C: Mature Modern English D: Late Modern English2. Who are the ancestors of the English people?It’s Anglo-Saxons. The majority of the English people are descendents(后裔)of the Anglo-Saxons( after Romans left in 410 AD)3. Who are the ancestors of the Scots, Welsh and Irish people?It’s Celts. Most people in Wales and Scotland are descendents of the Celts 4. Name the most important cities in UK. And then do exercises on p19 match all. London, Edinburgh, Cardiff, Belfast, Birmingham, Glasgow, Liverpool, Manchester……课后重点练习三、4 5 6 7 8 9 10 四、1 2 3 6 7 8 11 12 13 14.（in Chinese）第四五周chapter6-9大事件时间表1.Earliest Settlers 最早的居民（3000 BC）p.482.Roman Britain 罗马时期的不列颠（43-410）p.48-493.Anglo-Saxons Britain 央格鲁-撒克逊时期的不列颠（449）-P.494.Feudal Society after the Norman Conquest 诺曼征服后的封建社会（1066）p.515.King John and the Great Charter 约翰王和大宪章（1215）p.526.Birth of Parliament议会的诞生（1265）p537.Hundred Years’ War 英法百年战争(1337—1453)p.578.Black Death 黑死病(1348)9.Watt Tyler’s Uprising瓦特-泰勒起义(1381) p5810.The Wars of the Roses 玫瑰战争(1455—1485) p5911.Religious Reformation 资产阶级革命(1534) p6012.The Civil War 内战(1642—1649) p6313.The Commonwealth (1649—1660) 共和国时期p6414.Restoration and the Glorious Revolution 复辟与光荣革命p64Questions and answers1.The earliest known settlers on the British Isles were Iberians.2. the most famous / biggest relic left by the earliest settlers on British Isles is Stonehenge.3. From 700 B.C, Celts came from Upper Rhineland and began to inhabit British Isles.. Christianity was first brought to Britain by Romans.5. The Romans left behind on Britain three things of value, they are Welsh Christianity the Roman roads and cities，especially London.6、The three Teutonic groups began to migrate from the region of Denmark and Low Countries (Holland, Belgium and Luxemburg) and settled in Britain. The three groups are Angles Saxons and Jutes. From the Anglo-Saxon conquerors came the name ―England‖ and ―English‖.7. In 878, a peace treaty was signed between the Danes and Alfred, the king of the Great Wessex.8. Norman Conquest has speeded up the development of Feudalism in England9. King William made a record of each man’s property, whi ch was called Doomsday Book.10. The Great Charter signed in 1215 was made in the interest of the lords.11. The first parliament was called in 1265.12. The Tudor 都铎王朝Monarchy was in a transitional stage from feudalism to capitalism.13. In 1533, Henry VIII repudiated/refused papal/pope supremacy over English Church and declared himself Supreme head 至高无上的权利of the Church of England by the Act of Supremacy至尊法案.14. During the Renaissance period, the greatest of the English humanist was Sir Thomas More, with his classical work Utopia15. The greatest dramatist William Shakespeare lived in theage of Elisabeth I.16. The ―Glorious Revolution‖ was so called because it was bloodless.17. The industrial revolution began in textile industry and was marked by a series of important inventions.18.James Hardgrave,a carpenter made the first invention called ―spinning Jenny‖.19. The British Empire began with the founding of Newfoundland in 1583.20. The British Empire used to be an empire on which the sun never sets.课后重点练习CHAPTER 6一：1至16四：Norman Conquest 诺曼征服Anglo-Saxons Conquest 央格鲁-撒克逊征服Birth of Parliament议会的诞生Roman Conquest 罗马征服Danish invasion 丹麦入侵Anglo-Saxons settlement 央格鲁-撒克逊定居Anglo-Saxons Heptarchy -------Edward the confessor 爱德华信教徒Battle at Hastings 哈斯丁斯战役Doomsday Book 末日审判书The Great Charter 大宪章All Estates Parliament 各级会议Model Parliament 模范会议CHAPTER 7三：the outbreak of the Wars of the roses. 玫瑰战争的爆发the outbreak of the Hundred Years’ War 百年战争爆发Wat Tyler’s Uprising 农民起义The Black Death 黑死病The glorious revolution 光荣革命the call of the Long Parliament -------The restoration of Charles 2 查理二世复辟the execution of Charles 1 查理一世死刑The call of the Short Parliament ------ CHAPTER 8一：1 2 3四：spinning machine run by water power 蒸汽纺织机the power loom------- The steam engine 蒸汽机the ―Spinning Jenny‖珍妮纺织机CHAPTER 9一：136****1516第六七周Chapter 10Questions and answers1、Where is the US? Could you tell me its boundary?The United States is situated in the southern part of North Americ a with its two youngest states.It borders Canada on the north，and reaches south to Mexico and Gulf of Mexico.2、How large is it?The Continental United States stretches 4,500km from The Atlantic ocean on the east to the Pacific ocean on the west.3、What’s its rank all over the world concerning its area?It’s fourth largest in world in terms of area.4、How many states are there in the mainland of the United States?48 states5、Which two states are geographically separated from the other?Alaska is in the northwestern part of North America and Hawaii is in the central Pacific6、What is the capital of the US? Can you say some of its tourist attractions (4or more)?1：Washington D.C. 2：the United States Capitol（美国国会大厦），the White House（白宫），the Pentagon Building（五角大楼），Potomac River（波托马克河），The Lincoln Memorial Hall and Washington Monument etc.7、The two most important mountains of the US are the Appalachian Mountains(阿巴拉契亚山脉) and the Rocky mountains (落基山脉).8、“Father of Waters”re fers to The Mississippi River.9、The Rio Grande River forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the United States.10、The 5 Great Lakes are_______, ______, _________, ________ and _______.HOMES：H-Huron，O-Ontario，M-Michigan，E-Erie and S-Superior. 11、How many geographical regions is it divided into?The Eastern Highland，The Central Plain，the Western Mountains12、What are the major cities in USA? What’s the characteristics(特点) of each city?I will List 3 for you.1:Washington D.Cthe capital of the US, is situated on the Potomac River and covers an area of over 174 square kilometers.2:New York CityThe largest city and chief port of the United Stated lying at the mouth of the Hudson River in New York State, has a metropolitan population of 19.306 million(2007), of which the city proper is a little over 8 million and about 10 million in the suburbs.3:Los angelesA seaport in southwest California, is the second largest city of the US, with a population of about 3.82 million in the urban area, and 12.163 million in the metropolitan area.课后重点练习一：1 2 3 5 9 10 11 18 19 20三：2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10第八周Chapter 11Questions and answers1、How do you know about the different names of USA?Its full name: the United States of America;Its short terms：U.S.；USA；America 美洲;美国2、What’s its national flag? How do you know the meaning of its national flag?The Stars and Stripes；Old Glory；The Starry Banner;It c onsists of 13 horizontal stripes, 7 red alternating with 6 white, and in the upper corner near the staff，a rectangular blue field，containing 50 five-pointed white stars. The stripes symbolize the 13 colonies that originally constituted the United States of America. The stars represent the 50 states of the Union. White signifies Purity and Innocence；Red，Hardiness强壮and Valor勇猛；and Blue，Vigilance 警觉，Perseverance and Justice.3、What are the nicknames of America and its people?It’s Uncle Sam.It’s Brother Jonathan and Yankee.4、What’s its national anthem, national flower and tree?The Star - spangled Banner5、There are many things that symbolize American culture. Could you say someof them with no less than 10 items?Bald eagle Great seal National flower National tree Statue of Liberty White House President Hill Lincoln Memorial Hall Empire State Building Times Square Broadway Theater District Las Vegas Hoover Dam Disneyland The Gate Way of St. Louise GoldenGate Bridge Yellow Stone National Park The Niagara Falls Barbie Doll6、Why is USA called a salad bowl or a melting pot?The United Sta tes is a nation of many ethnic groups, making it a ―melting pot‖, meaning people with different cultural and ethnical backgrounds immigrate to the United States, live together, get assimilated and build up this culture that is called American culture today.Since 1960s, a lot of scholars oppose against the term ―melting pot‖. They think America is similar to a Salad Bowl that every culture can find its position in American society. Multiculturalism is the symbol of America.7、Traditionally, the mainstream Americans were called WASPs, that is, WhiteAnglo-Saxon Protestants. (祖先为英国新教徒的白人).8、Why is USA called as a nation on wheels?Cars are an important part of life in the United States. Henry Ford(1863 –1947)was the man who first started making cars in large numbers. He probably didn’t know how mu ch the car was going to affect American culture. The car made the United States a nation on wheels. 1 in 5 Americans moves to a new home every year seeking new jobs and opportunities. That’s why it has got the name of ―a nation on the wheel‖.9、What’s the character of American people?representative form of government 建立代表制政府rule of law 法治respect of individual rights 对个人权利的尊重religious tolerance宗教上的宽容a strong spirit of individual enterprise强烈的个人进取心10、Name W ho’s Who (名人录) in America (presidents、writers、scientists、actorsor actresses and so on.).1st President/3rd President Humorist and Novelist Novelist of lost generation Greatest Inventor Automobile Microsoft Comic Actor Actress Rock and Roll Martial Arts Basketball Champion American Superman George Washington/Thomas Jefferson Mark Twain Ernest Hemingway Thomas Edison Henry Ford Bill GatesCharlie Chaplin Marilyn Monroe Elvis Presley Bruce Lee (Li Xiao long) Michael Jordan Christopher Reeve课后重点练习一：1 2 3 4 7三四：1 2 5第九十周Chapter 15—18Questions and answers1、The inhabitants prior to the arrival of the Europeans are now called Native Americans /American Indians.2、Christopher Columbus is commonly regarded as the discoverer of America.3、The first successful English settlement in America was Jamestown in 1607.4、In 1620, a group of puritans arrived at America on a ship called Mayflower.5、The first shots of the American War of Independence were fired at Lexington，Massachusetts，in 1775.6、On July，7，1776；in the Second Continental congress，The Declaration ofIndependence was declared, which was primarily written by Thomas Jefferson.7、The Louisiana Purchase，in 1803, gave Western farmers use of the importantMississippi River waterway, almost doubled the territory of the U.S.8、After the election of Lincoln, eleven Southern states seceded from the union,establishing a rebel government, which is called _ Confederate States of Americ a on February 9, 1861.9、Har riet Beecher Stowe’s anti-slavery novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin had a profoundeffect on attitudes toward African Americans and slavery in the United States. 10、In 1862, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation，which liberated somefour million Negro slaves in the South.11、The battle of Gettysburg was the turning point in the Civil War.12、The stock market crash was the beginning of the long economic depression inthe late 1920s and 1930s. President Roosevelt’s (FDR) New Dea l measures were to save American democracy and the capital system.13、The United States declared war against Japan after its surprise attack on PearlHarbor on December 7，1941.14、The United States dropped two atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki inAugust 1945, thus hastened the unconditional surrender of Japan.15、After WWII, the United States became one of the two dominant superpowers, andthe Cold W ar began.课后重点练习Chapter 15一：1 2 3 4 11 12四：1 2 4 5 6 7 in ChineseChapter 16一：1 2 3 4 5 6 11 12 13 14三：1 2 7 8 9 10四：2 4 5 6 7 9 10 12Chapter 17一：1 4 6 9 10四：1 2 7 8Chapter 18一：1 5 6 9 10三：1 8 9 10第十一周chapter13-14Questions and answers1.How many branches are there in the federal government? What are they? Three. They are Judicial，Executive and Legislative branches.2.On what kind of system are the three branches based?A system of checks and balances..3.Where is the seat of government for congress?The Capitol.4.The congress is composed of two chambers. What are they?The House of Representatives and the Senate5.Where is the official residence of the president?The White House.6.Who has the executive power in the U.S.?The president.7.In American history, only two presidents were raised for impeachment bill. Who were there ?Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton8.What are the two major parties in the U.S.? Tell the symbol of each party. Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton9.Who is the first African president in the American history?Barack Obama10.Which book written by him became No. 1 on both New York Times and /doc/495986337.html, bestseller lists ?Barack Obama课后重点联系Chapter13一1 2 3 4 15 16 三第十二周Chapter 3-4Questions and answers1.What is the basis of the British government?constitutional monarchy2.Who is the head of the country?a queen or a king3.Who is the present sovereign of the UK?Elizabeth II4.How many parts make the British Parliament?Three. They are the sovereign, the House of Lords, the House of Commons.5.What is the president of the House of Lords called?Lord Chancellor上议院议长、大法官6.What are the two major parties?the Conservative Party and the Labor Party.7.Who presides the cabinet?the Prime Minister8.Who has the real power in the country?the Prime Minister9.Who is the present Prime Minister of the UK? David Cameron10.Where does the Prime Minister live and work? No.10, Downing Street课后重点练习。
英语国家概况必背
英语国家概况精讲：第十四章美国人口种族chapter 14：population.Race and Ethnic groups必背细节1.The United States of the American is the third most populous county in the world after Chind and India.美国是世界人口第三大国，仅次于中国和印度。
2。
Immigration accounts for a major source of population growth,The United States has a more or less open-door policy to immigtants from independence until 1960s.Ellis Island of New York was an important immigration reception spot in the 1890s and at the turn of the century.19世纪末20世纪初，纽约的埃利斯岛是一个重要的移民入境接待点。
3。
Almost 20 million people or 7.8% of the total population were immigrants in 1992.Between 80% and 90% of immigration to the United States now is from Asian and Hispanic countries.如今美国移民的80%到90%主要来源于亚洲和拉美国家。
4。
Arizona,Nevada,and Florida have been the fastest growing states in population for the last 20 years.在过去的二十年里，亚利桑那，内华达和佛罗里达是人口增长最快的州。
《英语国家概况》各国知识点归纳
《英语国家概况》各国知识点归纳
燕忠忙
【期刊名称】《英语自学》
【年(卷),期】2006(000)001
【总页数】5页(P43-47)
【作者】燕忠忙
【作者单位】南昌陆军学院
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】H319
【相关文献】
1.“运动图像”知识点学习方法归纳 [J], 董健
2.地球光照图知识点的归纳整理与复习方法 [J], 李继军
3.梳理归纳知识点上好英语复习课 [J], 王彬
4.小学生数学知识点归纳整理习惯培养的研究 [J], 周宏图; 梁耀秋; 李婷(成员); 荣琪(成员); 邓瑶(成员); 陈星(成员)
5.基于归纳法的平面连杆机构知识点归纳总结 [J], 陈维范
因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。
英语国家概况章节概要
英国概况1. Land and People 国土与人民Different names for Britain and its parts 英国的不同名称及其区域正式名称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
简称：联合王国，或UK。
首都伦敦。
它包括不列颠岛和北爱尔兰。
不列颠诸岛：包括不列颠岛，爱尔兰岛和几百个小岛。
爱尔兰岛：岛的北部地区，即北爱尔兰属于联合王国；岛的南部地区，称为爱尔兰共和国或爱尔兰，1949年独立，首都是都柏林。
三个政治区域：英格兰，苏格兰，威尔士。
由于帝国主义扩张政策，英国成为一个帝国。
两次世界大战后，其殖民地不断独立，大英帝国逐渐消失，1931年由英联邦取代。
英联邦：是由原英国殖民地组成的一个自由联合体，各独立成员国间，根据贸易协议实行经济合作。
英联邦没有特别的权力，目前有50个成员国。
2. Origins of the Nation 英国的起源Arrival and settlement of the Celts 凯尔特人的到来和迁居自公元前700年不断迁入，来自东欧及中欧，即现在的法国，比利时和德国南部。
三次入侵高潮：第一次是公元前600年，盖尔人。
第二次是公元前400年，布立吞（不列颠）人。
第三次是公元前150年，贝尔盖人。
强大的酋长卡西弗洛诺斯，莎士比亚剧本中的辛白林。
技艺：农耕，沼泽地排水，修建房屋，铁匠。
后裔：山地苏格兰人，爱尔兰人，威尔士人。
语言：是威尔士语和盖尔语的基础。
宗教：德鲁伊德教。
德鲁伊德指智者，占星家和占卜者。
采用活人祭祀。
Basis of modern English race: the Anglo-Saxons 现代英格兰民族的基础：盎格鲁--撒克逊人三支日尔曼（条顿）部落的入侵：朱特人：来自朱特兰岛（现丹麦南部）。
酋长亨及斯特和霍塞，帮助肯特国王伏泰根驱逐皮克特人和苏格兰人后，转而攻击伏泰根，最终亨及斯特成为肯特国王。
撒尔逊人：来自德国北部。
建立了埃塞克斯，苏塞克斯，威塞克斯。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Chapter 1Loch Lomond罗蒙湖freight [freɪt] 货运；运费；船货prevail [prɪ'veɪl] 盛行，流行westerlies ['wɛstɚliz]西风带mammal ['mæm(ə)l] 哺乳动物roe [rəʊ] 獐predominantly [prɪ'dɒmɪnəntlɪ] 主要地；显著地Chapter 2iberian [ai'biəriən] 伊比利亚人；伊比利亚语teutonic [tju:'tɔnik] 日耳曼人的Iona爱奥那岛（苏格兰一小岛）columba [kə'lʌmbə] 天鸽座；鸽属monastery ['mɒnəst(ə)rɪ] 修道院；僧侣witan ['wɪtən] 国会成员manorial [mə'nɔrɪəl] 庄园的；采邑的christianize ['krɪstʃən,aɪz] 使成基督徒Chapter 3oath [əʊθ]. 誓言，誓约；诅咒，咒骂allegiance [ə'liːdʒ(ə)ns] 效忠，忠诚；忠贞immediate [ɪ'miːdɪət] 立即的；直接的；最接近的Domesday Book ['duːmzdeɪ] 最后审判日compiled [kəm'paɪl] 编译的sponsorship ['spɒnsəʃɪp] 赞助；发起；保证人的地位；教父母身份extent [ɪk'stɛnt] n. 程度；范围；长度Plantagenet [plæn'tædʒənit]金雀花王1154-1485年significance [sɪg'nɪfɪk(ə)ns] 意义；重要性；意思clause [klɔːz] 条款magna carta大宪章territorial [,terɪ'tɔːrɪəl] 领土的；土地的；地方的brutally ['brʊtli] 残忍地；野蛮地；兽性地Chapter 4Lancaster兰卡斯特Walter Scott 沃尔特·司各特compromise ['kɒmprəmaɪz] 妥协，和解；折衷cavaliers [,kævə'liəs] 骑士Oliver Cromwell奥利弗·克伦威尔Chapter5nonconformist [nɒnkən'fɔːmɪst] 不属于圣公会的英国基督教徒enclosure [ɪn'kləʊʒə; en-] 附件；围墙；围场Jeremy Bentham杰里米·边沁（英国哲学家）utilitarianism [jʊ,tɪlɪ'teərɪənɪz(ə)m] 功利主义modify ['mɒdɪfaɪ] 修改refer [rɪ'fɜː]参考；涉及；提到；查阅mechanization [,mekənaɪ'zeɪʃən] 机械化；机动化consequent ['kɒnsɪkw(ə)nt] 结果industrialize [ɪnˈdʌstrɪəlʌɪz] 使工业化allies [ˈæ,laɪz] 同盟国league [liːg] 联盟；社团；范畴tension ['tenʃ(ə)n] 紧张，不安Neville Chamberlain内维尔·张伯伦appeasement [ə'piːzm(ə)nt] 缓和，平息；姑息hasten ['heɪs(ə)n] 加速；使赶紧；催促Margaret Thatcher玛格丽特·撒切尔emphasis ['emfəsɪs] 重点；强调；加强语气manifesto [mænɪ'festəʊ] 宣言；声明；告示Chapter6conventional [kən'venʃ(ə)n(ə)l] 传统的barley ['bɑːlɪ] 大麦oat [əʊt] 燕麦sugar beet [biːt]甜菜rapeseed ['reɪpsiːd]油菜籽infrastructure ['ɪnfrəstrʌktʃə] 基础设施；公共建设financial [faɪ'nænʃ(ə)l] 金融的；财政的，财务的tourism ['tʊərɪz(ə)m] 旅游业；游览Chapter7sovereign ['sɒvrɪn] 君主；独立国；最高统治者coronation [kɒrə'neɪʃ(ə)n] 加冕礼nobility [nə(ʊ)'bɪlɪtɪ] 贵族；高贵；高尚Lords temporal世俗贵族,上议院世俗议员peeress ['pɪərɪs] 有爵位的妇女；贵族夫人hereditary [hɪ'redɪt(ə)rɪ] 世袭的；世代相传的suffrage ['sʌfrɪdʒ] 选举权；投票；参政权；cabinet ['kæbɪnɪt] 内阁的；私下的，秘密的magistrate ['mædʒɪstrət; -streɪt] 地方法官bail [beɪl] 保释custody ['kʌstədɪ] 拘留bobby ['bɒbɪ] 警察Chapter8voluntary ['vɒlənt(ə)rɪ] 自愿的；志愿的；自发的；故意的compulsory [kəmˈpʌlsərɪ] 义务的；必修的；被强制的secretary [ˈsekrətrɪ] 秘书；书记；部长；大臣curriculum [kə'rɪkjʊləm] 课程,总课程applicable [ə'plɪkəb(ə)l]可适用的；可应用的；合适的Beatles ['bi:tlz] 披头士合唱（摇滚乐队）Guardian ['gɑːdɪən] 监护人，保护人；守护者digital ['dɪdʒɪt(ə)l] 数字的；手指的Chapter 9Michigan ['miʃigən] 美国密歇根州；密歇根Superior [suːˈpɪərɪə] 苏必利尔Huron ['hjuərən] 休伦湖Ontario安大略湖Rio Grande River里奥格兰德河Detroit [di'trɔit] 底特律（美国一座城市）volcano [vɒl'keɪnəʊ] 火山Mauna Loa莫纳罗亚山（夏威夷岛的活火山）sugar cane甘蔗pineapple ['paɪnæp(ə)l] 菠萝Honolulu [,hɔnə'lu:lu:] 火奴鲁鲁Eskimos爱斯基摩人Chapter 10California [,kælɪ'fɔ:njə] 加利福尼亚Texas ['teksəs] 德克萨斯州amnesty ['æmnɪstɪ] 大赦，特赦resident [ˈrɛzɪdənt] 居住的；定居的partial ['pɑːʃ(ə)l]局部的；偏爱的；不公平的ancestry ['ænsestrɪ] 祖先；血统Chicano [tʃi:'kɑ:nəu] 奇卡诺人Hispanic [hi'spænik] 西班牙的assimilation [ə,sɪmɪ'leɪʃən] 同化；吸收diabetes [,daɪə'biːtiːz]糖尿病；多尿症alcoholism ['ælkəhɒlɪz(ə)m] 酗酒tuberculosis [tjʊ,bɜːkjʊ'ləʊsɪs] 肺结核；结核病suicide ['s(j)uːɪsaɪd] 自杀disproportionate [,dɪsprə'pɔːʃ(ə)nət] 不成比例的incidence ['ɪnsɪd(ə)ns] 发生率；影响Chapter11Virginia弗吉尼亚州Pilgrims ['pɪlgrɪmz] 清教徒Philadelphia [,filə'delfjə; -fiə] 费城declaration [deklə'reɪʃ(ə)n] （纳税品等的）申报theory ['θɪərɪ] 理论；原理；学说；推测philosopher [fɪ'lɒsəfə] 哲学家；哲人Saratoga [,særə'təugə] 萨拉托加Alexander [,ælɪg'zændɚ] 亚历山大Hamilton ['hæmiltən] 汉密尔顿-名；哈密尔顿-城市James Madison詹姆斯·麦迪逊（美国前总统）ratification [,rætəfə'keʃən] 批准；承认，认可Napoleonic [nə,pəuli'ɔnik] 拿破仑一世的forcibly ['fɔːsɪblɪ] 用力地；强制地；有说服力地Louisiana [lu:,i:zi'ænə] 美国路易斯安那州frontiersmen ['frʌntjəzmən] 拓荒者manifest destiny天定命运O’Sullivan奥沙利文confederate [kən'fed(ə)rət] 同盟国Chapter12Muckraker ['mʌk,rekɚ] 探听丑闻的人prosperous ['prɒsp(ə)rəs] 繁荣的；兴旺的corruption [kə'rʌpʃ(ə)n] 贪污，腐败；堕落regulate ['regjʊleɪt] 调节，规定laissez faire [lei'sei'fεər] 放任；自由主义Woodrow Wilson伍德罗·威尔逊，总统（1913-1921）reduction [rɪ'dʌkʃ(ə)n] 减少；下降；缩小；还原反应decentralized [di'sɛntrəl,aɪz] 使分散；使分权neglect [nɪ'glekt] 疏忽，忽视；忽略commission [kə'mɪʃ(ə)n] 委员会investigate [ɪn'vestɪgeɪt] 调查；研究conference ['kɒnf(ə)r(ə)ns] 会议；协商；联盟frustration [frʌ'streɪʃn] 挫折creditor ['kredɪtə] 债权人，贷方Ku klux klan三K党foreclosure [fɔː'kləʊʒə] 丧失抵押品赎回权Franklin D. Roosevelt富兰克林罗斯福（美国总统）pragmatist ['prægmətɪst] 实用主义者；爱管闲事人Tennessee Valley Authority田纳西州流域管理局stimulation [ˌstɪmjʊ'leʃn] 刺激；激励，鼓舞formulation [fɔːmjʊ'leɪʃn] 构想，规划；公式化implementation [ɪmplɪmen'teɪʃ(ə)n] 实现；履行incident ['ɪnsɪd(ə)nt] 事件，事变；插曲Chapter13violation [vaɪə'leɪʃn] 违反；妨碍，侵害；违背；senator ['senətə] 参议员McCarthy [mə'ka:θi]麦卡锡（姓氏）Vietnam [ˌvjet'næm]越南（南亚国家）vietminh [,vjet'min] 越南独立同盟；越盟领导人Geneva [dʒi'ni:və] 日内瓦（瑞士西南部城市）Hochiminh（越南）胡志明市communique [kə'mju:nɪkeɪ] 公报，官报diplomatic [dɪplə'mætɪk] 外交的；外交上的；老练的Barack Obama巴拉克·奥巴马Chapter14-16bloc [blɒk] 集团optimism ['ɒptɪmɪz(ə)m] 乐观；乐观主义circulation [sɜːkjʊ'leɪʃ(ə)n] 流通，循环；发行量petroleum [pə'trəʊlɪəm] 石油extreme poverty极端贫穷petition [pɪ'tɪʃ(ə)n] 请愿；请愿书vice president [,vais'prezidənt] 副总统；副主席mandatory ['mændət(ə)rɪ] 强制的；托管的；命令的option ['ɒpʃ(ə)n] 选项；选择权；买卖的特权patriotic [ˌpætrɪˈɒtɪk] 爱国的parade [pə'reɪd] 游行；阅兵；炫耀concert ['kɒnsət] 音乐会Nathaniel纳撒尼尔Hawthorne霍桑Edgar埃德加Allan Poe爱伦·坡Chapter 17-18semicircular[,sɛmaɪ'sɝkjʊlɚ] 半圆的Hudson Bay哈得逊湾（位于加拿大中东部）uninviting[ʌnɪn'vaɪtɪŋ] 讨厌的，无吸引力的；无魅力的cordillera [,kɔːdɪ'ljeərə] 山脉Mackenzie [mə'kenzi] 麦肯齐河bison ['baɪs(ə)n] 北美野牛；欧洲野牛multiculturalism[,mʌltɪ'kʌltʃərəlɪzm] 多元文化论Montreal[,mɔntri'ɔ:l] 蒙特利尔（加拿大东南部港市）hockey ['hɒkɪ] 曲棍球；冰球Ontario安大略省（加拿大省份）Governor General（大英帝国国协内独立国家或殖民地等的）总督prairie ['preərɪ] 大草原；牧场adequate ['ædɪkwət] 充足的；适当的；胜任的canola [kə'nəʊlə] 一种菜籽油timber ['tɪmbə] 木材；木料Halifax ['hælifæks] 哈里法克斯Chapter 19-20platypus ['plætɪpəs] 鸭嘴兽wattle ['wɒt(ə)l] 金合欢树floral ['flɔrəl] 花的；植物的，植物群的；花似的marsupial [mɑː'suːpɪəl]有袋的；袋状的kangaroo [,kæŋgə'ruː]袋鼠continuously [kən'tɪnjʊəsli] 连续不断地influx ['ɪnflʌks] 流入；汇集；河流的汇集处vegemite咸味酱yeast [jiːst]酵母；泡沫；酵母片；引起骚动因素peanut ['piːnʌt] 花生prestigious [pre'stɪdʒəs] 有名望的；享有声望的Sydney Cove悉尼湾homosexuality ['hɒməʊ,seksjʊ'ælətɪ] 同性恋Brisbane ['brizbən] 布里斯班（澳大利亚东部城市）Perth [pɜrθ]珀斯，佩斯（澳大利亚城市）Chapter 21-22Matthew Flinders马修·福林达斯alongside [əlɒŋ'saɪd] 在旁边informal [ɪn'fɔːm(ə)l] 非正式的；不拘礼节的matrimonial [mætrɪ'məʊnɪəl] 婚姻的；与婚姻有关的bicameral [,baɪ'kæmərəl] 两院制的；有两个议院的poultry ['pəʊltrɪ] 家禽inroad ['ɪnrəʊd] 侵袭，袭击；减少Newcastle ['nu,kæsəl] 纽卡斯尔（英国港市）vehicles [ˈviːɪk(ə)lz] 交通工具beverage ['bev(ə)rɪdʒ] 饮料quota ['kwəʊtə] 配额；定额；限额Hay Point海波因特（地名）Telstra Corporation澳洲电信volcanic [vɒl'kænɪk] 火山的；猛烈的；易突然发作的pohutukawa [pəu,hu:tə'kɑ:wə] 桃金娘科常绿树secluded [sɪ'kluːdɪd] 隐蔽的；隐退的，隐居的missionary ['mɪʃ(ə)n(ə)rɪ] 传教的；传教士的Waitangi怀唐伊（新西兰地名）entitled [ɪn'taɪtl] 有资格的；给与名称的mutton ['mʌt(ə)n] 羊肉integrating ['ɪntɪgreɪtɪŋ]整合；积分；集成化trilogy ['trɪlədʒɪ] 三部曲；三部剧scenic ['siːnɪk] 风景优美的；舞台的；戏剧的Chapter 23-24endemic [en'demɪk] 地方性的；风土的stoat [stəʊt] 白鼬hare [heə] 野兔reptile ['reptaɪl] 爬虫类的；卑鄙的lizard ['lɪzəd] 蜥蜴；类蜥蜴爬行动物Massachusetts [,mæsə'tʃu:sits] 马萨诸塞州（美国）dire ['daɪə] 可怕的；悲惨的；极端的prototypical [,protə'tɪpɪkl] 原型的；典型的tenor ['tenə] 男高音mccormack [məˈkɔ:mək] 麦考马克（人名）sinn fein新芬运动（要求爱尔兰独立）Downing Street Declaration唐宁街声明saint [seɪnt] 圣人；圣徒；道德崇高的人boisterous ['bɒɪst(ə)rəs] 喧闹的；狂暴的；猛烈的secular ['sekjʊlə] 世俗的；长期的；不朽的, 修道院外的教士，(对宗教家而言的) 俗人。