美国文学

1.The Traditional Literature of the American Indians（17世纪中期以前）Three Stages：Traditional Stage；Transitional stage; Modern Stage2．Literature of Colonial Settlements(16世纪末-17世纪中)John Smith——first author in the history of American Literaturea) True Relation of Virginia(1608) 《关于弗吉尼亚的真实叙述》the first bookb) A Map of Virginia with A Description of The County (1612)The Literature around the Revolution of Independence(17世纪中期-18世纪末)1.Benjamin Franklina)Poor Richard’s Almanac《穷查理历书》b)The Autobiography《自传》——self-improvement2．Thomas Paine 托马斯·潘恩——political pamphleteer; rhetorician（修辞学家）a) Common Sense 《常识》b) The American Crisis《美国危机》——series of 16 pamphletsc) Rights of Men《人的权利》d）The Age of Reason《理性的时代》3．Philip Freneau 菲利普·弗伦诺——poet of the American revolution; The most outstanding poet in American of the 18th century satirist, polemicist(辩论家)a) The British Prison Ship 《英国囚船》b) The Rising Glory of America《美国的荣耀蒸蒸日上》c) The Indian Burying Ground《印第安人殡葬礼》d) The Wild Honey Suckle《野金银花》3．American Romanticism（18世纪末——19世纪中后期）1.Washington Irving 华盛顿·欧文——The first prose stylist of American Romanticism；The first American achieve international literary reputation；“Father of American Literature”a) A History of New York《纽约史》b) The Legend of Sleepy Hollow《睡谷的传说》c) The Sketch Book《见闻札记》——beginning of the American Romanticism；first work won financial successd) Rip Van Winkle 《瑞普·凡·温克尔》——social conservatione) Tales of a Traveler《旅行者的故事》f) The Alhambra《阿尔罕伯拉》2．James Fenimore Copper 詹姆斯·菲尼摩尔·库珀Three kinds of novels：novels about the revolutionary past, sea novels, and the American frontier novels.a) The Spy《间谍》b) The Pilot《领航者》c)The Pioneer《拓荒者》——The first true romance of the frontier in American Literatured) The Last of the Mohicans《最后的莫西干人》e) The Prairie 《大草原》f) The Pathfinder《探路者》e) The Deerslayer《杀鹿者》3．Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 亨利·沃慈沃斯·朗费罗——first American poet to be honored in the Poet’s Corner of Westminster Abbeya) Voices of the Night 《夜莺》b) A Psalm f Life 《人生礼赞》4. William Cullen Bryant 威廉·科伦·布莱恩特——first America’s earliest naturalist poets. American self-consciousness.a) The Fountain 《泉》b) The White-Footed Deer《白蹄鹿》c) A Forest Hymn 《森林赋》d) The Flood of Years 《似水流年》e) Thanatopsis 《死亡随想》5．Ralph Waldo Emerson拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生a) Nature 《论自然》——manifesto of American transcendentalismb)The American Scholar 《美国学者》——“American’s Declaration of Intellectual Independence”c) Self-reliance《论自立》d) The Transcendentalism 《超验主义者》e) Divinity School Address《神学院演说》6．Henry David Thoreau ——亨利·大卫·梭罗a) Walden《瓦尔登湖》——harmony with Natureb) Civil Disobedience《论市民之不服从》7．Edger Allan Poe 埃德加·艾伦·坡——Father of American detective storiesa) Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque《怪诞奇异故事集》——His first collection of short stories.b) The Fall of The House《厄舍古屋的倒塌》c) The Raven《乌鸦》d) To Helen《致海伦》8. Nathaniel Hawthorne 纳赛尼尔·霍桑The most ambivalent（有矛盾心理的）writer in the American literature historya) Mosses from an Old Manse《古屋青苔》b) The Scarlet Letter《红字》c) The House of the Seven Gables《有七个尖角阁的房子》d) The Blithedale Romance《福谷传奇》e) The Marble Faun《玉石雕像》9．Herman Melville 赫尔曼·迈尔维尔a) Moby Dick《白鲸》——the first American prose epicb) Typee《泰比》10．Walt Whitman 沃尔特·惠特曼a) Leaves of Grass《草叶集》——marked the end of American Romanticismb) Song of myself 《自我之歌》11．Emily Dickinson 艾米莉·狄金森a) This is My Letter to the World《这是我给世界的一封信》b) I Heard a Fly Buzz When I Died《我死时听到一只苍蝇叫》4．American Romanticism （19世纪中期——20世纪初期）“Golden Age”——“Gilded Age”1. Harriet Beecher Stowe 哈里特·比彻·斯托a) Uncle Tom’s Cabin《汤姆叔叔的小屋》2. William Dean Howells 威廉·迪恩·豪威尔斯a)The Rise of Silas Lapham《塞拉斯·拉帕姆的发迹》——a fine example of the American realism novelsb) A Modern Instance《一个现代的例证》c) A Hazard of New Fortunes《新财富的危害》三部小说3. Mark Twain——The first literary giant；“The true father of our national literature”a) The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County《卡拉维拉斯县有名的跳蛙》b) The Innocents Abroad《傻瓜出国记》c) The Gilded Age《镀金时代》d) The Adventure of Tom Sayers《汤姆·索亚历险记》e) The Prince and the Pauper 《王子与贫儿》f) The adventure of Huckleberry Finn《哈利贝恩·费恩历险记》——Hemingway described as“all modern American literature comes”4．O·Henry 欧·亨利a) The Cop and the Anthems 《警察和赞美诗》5. Henry James——The founder of psychological realisma) Daisy Miller《黛西·米勒》——an outrage to American girlhoodb) The Ambassadors《大使们》c) The Portrait of A Lady 《贵妇人画像》d) The Wings of Doves《鸽翼》6. Jack Londona) The Son of the Wolf《狼之子》b) The Call of the Wild《野性的呼唤》c) White Fang《白獠牙》d) Martin Eden《马丁·伊登》——put most of himselfe) The Sea Wolf《海狼》7. Theodore Dreiser 西奥多·德莱赛a) Sister Carrie《嘉莉妹妹》b) Jennie Gerhardt《珍妮姑娘》c) Trilogy of Desire《欲望三部曲》d) The Financier《金融家》e) The“Genius”《天才》f) An American Tragedy《美国悲剧》——his greatest book8．Sherwood Anderson舍伍德·安德森a) Winesburg, Ohio《俄亥俄州瓦恩斯堡镇》——a collection of 12 interrelated stories of small-town life.9. Stephen Crane 斯蒂芬·克兰——The pioneer who wrote in the naturalistic tradition。