2015年四川大学857传感器技术考研真题考研试题硕士研究生入学考试试题
中国计量大学803传感器技术1 2011--2019年考研初试真题
中国计量大学2019年硕士研究生招生考试试题考试科目代码：803 考试科目名称：传感器技术1 所有答案必须写在报考点提供的答题纸上，做在试卷或草稿纸上无效。
一、填空（每空1分，共1×30=30分）1.能量转换型传感器主要由能量变换元件构成，它不需要外电源。
如基于、、等的传感器都属于此类传感器。
2.对传感器进行动态标定的目的是确定动态指标，主要是、、。
3.各种电阻应变片的结构大体相同，通常由、、、组成。
4.在光线作用下电子逸出物体表面向外发射称效应；半导体材料在光线作用下其电阻值往往会变小，这种现象称效应；半导体材料吸收光能后在PN结上产生电动势的效应称效应。
5.热电偶传感器产生的热电动势包括电势和电势两部分；热电偶的定律为热电偶制定分度表提供了理论依据；根据定律，可允许采用第三种材料的导线连接热电偶。
6.压电式传感器的输出须先经过前置放大器处理，此放大电路有和两种形式。
压电式传感器在使用电压放大器时，连接电缆长度会影响系统；而使用电荷放大器时，其输出电压与传感器的成正比。
7.电感式传感器是以电和磁为媒介，利用电磁感应原理将被测非电量如压力、位移、流量等非电量转换成线圈或的变化，再由测量电路转换为电压或电流的变化量输出的装置。
8.应变片温度补偿的措施有、。
《传感器技术1》试卷 第1 页 共5 页9.国家标准（GB 7665-1987）中传感器定义为能够感受规定的并按照一定规律转换成的器件或装置；传感器一般由、、3部分组成。
二、单项选择题（每小题2分，共2×10=20分）1.利用电桥进行温度补偿，补偿片的选择是（）。
A 与应变片相邻，且同质的工作片B 与应变片相邻，且异质的工作片C 与应变片相对，且同质的工作片D 与应变片相对，且异质的工作片2.下列对传感器动态特性的描述正确的是（）。
A 一阶传感器的时间常数τ越大, 其工作频带越宽B 二阶传感器的固有频率ω0越小, 其工作频带越宽C 一阶传感器的时间常数τ越小, 其响应速度越快。
成都电子科技大学近代物理基础2011-2015年考研初试真题+答案
电子科技大学2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：852 近代物理基础注：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。
一．选择题（10小题，每题3分，共30分）1．一维无限深方势阱中的粒子，其能级与量子数n的关系是（）。
(A)正比于n(B)正比于n2(C)正比于n3(D)正比于1/n22. 粒子自旋的本质是（）(A)内秉自由度(B)绕自身对称轴的高速旋转(C)反映出粒子性(D)具有能量的特点3.一把直尺相对于Σ系静止，直尺与x轴交角为θ，今有一观察者以速度v沿x轴运动，他看到直尺与x 轴交角为（）(A)θ(B)tg‒1[(1‒v2/c2)‒1/2 tgθ](C)2θ(D)tg‒1[(1‒v2/c2)1/2 tgθ]4. 在伽利略变换下（）(A)牛顿定律是协变的，麦克斯韦方程不是协变的。
(B)牛顿定律不是协变的，麦克斯韦方程是协变的。
(C)牛顿定律和麦克斯韦方程都不是协变的。
(D)牛顿定律和麦克斯韦方程都是协变的。
5. 关于光子描述正确的说法是（）(A) 静止质量为零，运动时质量也为零。
(B)静止质量不为零，运动质量为零。
(C)静止质量和运动质量均不为零。
(D)静止质量为零，以光速运动的质量不为零。
6. 氢原子(库仑引力势场中的电子)的径向波函数具有（）的形式。
共3页第3页(A)合流超几何函数(B)球贝塞尔函数(C)连带勒让德函数(D)厄密函数7. 下面哪种说法是不正确的？（）(A)一切粒子都具有波粒二象性(B)微观粒子的波动性是大量粒子相互作用表现出的集体效应(C)宏观物体的波动性极不明显(D)微观粒子的状态可用波函数描述8. 均匀无穷长直圆柱形螺线管每单位长度线圈匝数为n，电流强度为I，则管内和管外磁感应强度B分别为（）(A)n μ0 I和0(B)n μ0 I和n μ0 I /2(C)2 n μ0 I和n μ0 I(D)n μ0 I/2和09. 在绝缘介质与导体的分界面上，在静电情况下，导体外的电场线（）于导体表面；在恒定电流的情况下，导体内电场线总是（）于导体表面。
四川大学2015考博真题
四川大学2015年博士研究生入学考试英语试题I. Reading Comprehension (30%; one mark each)Directions: Read the following six passages. Answer the questions below each passage by Choosing [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneSpeech is so familiar a feature of daily life that we rarely pause to define it. It seems as natural to man as walking, and only less so than breathing. Yet it needs but a moment's reflection to convince us that this naturalness of speech is but an illusory feeling. The process of acquiring speech is, in sober fact, an utterly different sort of thing from the process of learning to walk. In the case of the latter function, culture, in other words, the traditional body of social usage, is not seriously brought into play. The child is individually equipped, by the complex set of factors that we term biological heredity, to make all the needed muscular and nervous adjustments that result in walking. Indeed, the very conformation of these muscles and of the appropriate parts of the nervous system may be said to be primarily adapted to the movements made in walking and in similar activities. In a very real sense, the normal human being is predestined to walk, not because his elders will assist him to learn the art, but because his organism is prepared from birth to take on all those muscular adaptations that result in walking. To put it concisely, walking is an inherent, biological function of man.Not so language. It is of course true that in a certain sense the individual is predestined to talk, but that is due entirely to the circumstance that he is born in the lap of a society that is certain to lead him to its traditions. Eliminate society and there is every reason to believe that he will learn to walk, if, indeed, he survives at all. But it is just as certain that he will never learn to talk, that is, to communicate ideas according to the traditional system of a particular society. Or, again, remove the new-born individual from the social environment into which he has come and transplant him to an utterly foreign one. He will develop the art of walking in his new environment very much as he would have developed it in the old. But his speech will be completely at variance with the speech of his native environment. Walking then is a general human activity that varies only within a restricted limit as we pass from individual to individual. Its variability is purposeless. Speech is a human activity that varies without assignable limit as we pass from social group to social group, the product of long-continued social usage. It varies as all creative effort varies ... not as consciously, perhaps, but none the less as truly as do the religions, the beliefs, the customs, and the arts of different peoples. Walking is an organic, an instinctive, function; speech is a non-instinctive, acquired, “cultural” function.1. The first sentence of Paragraph Two, "Not so language", is the closest in meaning to（）[A] This is not the case with language[B] So is language and net anything else[C] No such a thing exists in language[D] Not so much with language2. The real difference between the ability to walk and the ability to talk is that （）.[A] the former is like breathing while the latter is not[B] the former does not require social interaction while the latter does[C] the former requires muscular movement while the latter does not[D] the former is predestined while the latter is not3. Which of the following is NOT an idea of the author? （）[A] Language is biologically programmed but has to be acquired later on.[B] Only when a child grows up in a community can he learn to talk.[C] Language interaction is a way to impart culture.[D] Formal education is necessary for the learning of language.4. When the author says the variability of walking "is purposeless", he means that（）.[A] any person who walks would not have a purpose[BI in all cultures people walk aimlessly[C] culture does affect the ways people walk[D] purpose in walking varies with one's ability5. The author wrote this passage in order to（）.[A] argue for a point [B] provide information[C] narrate a legend [D] debate with his rivalsPassage TwoThe observer does not have to look far to discover that Western society is youth oriented and youth worshiping. The phenomenon shows itself in many ways. First, adults do all they can to be youthful and to remain young because old age is feared and youthfulness admired. Beauty and cosmetic industries have made billions of dollars by encouraging this emulation of agelessness.Second, much of what parents do is for their young. Thousands of parents make daily sacrifices for their children. The numerous benefits heaped upon children are evident. Many mothers say: "I would give my life for my children." This feeling does not apply to all parents, but it applies to enough of them to be proof positive that today's adults care about their young people.Third, most adults say that the majority of youth today are "pretty good kids." This point of view can be fairly well substantiated. Most studies that focus on normal adolescents agree that the majority are not problems, not in turmoil, not deeply disturbed, not at the mercy of their impulses, not resistant to parental values, not politically active, and not rebellious. In a recent Gallup poll, 97 percent of teens said they got along with their parents either very well or fairly well. Only 3 percent said they did not get along at all well. Sometimes, parents carry a positive view of their teenagers to an over-idealized extreme. They refuse to believe their children are ever at fault or ever capable of doing wrong, and they tend to attack any friend, teacher, or town official who tries to tell them otherwise. Despite this over-idealization most youths are not problems --- to themselves or to their communities. Misconceptions are foraged by focusing only on the drug-addicted, delinquent, and disturbed or on the social rebels who are in fact a minority.Finally, although most youths today are not activist rebels like those of the late 1960s and early 1970s; youthful idealism is still much in evidence. Adolescents are much concerned about social issues such as juvenile crime, drug abuse, the energy crises, unemployment, women's liberation, materialism and indifference in society, pollution, and the environment. They also show genuine concern for the underdog, indicated by their frequent political alliance with blacks or the poor. They will give generously and work hard to help the starving overseas or will come to the defense of convicted criminals if they feel their cause is just. Clergy and other caring adults applaud youths who join the "love" generation to find more meaningful relationships than thosebetween their parents at home or between business elements in a highly competitive society. These adults-emphasize that parents ought not to be critical of their young for hating corruption, injustice, or superficial values. Although they are a little awed by youths who will work for months to keep a wilderness area from being mined by developers, value-oriented adults tell parents to admire their Young and admit that their activities are more worthwhile than swallowing goldfish or seeing how many kids can crowd themselves into a telephone booth.6. By "youth worshiping", the author expressed the idea that in Western society the adults[A] worship the young people [B] are all religious believers[C] desire to stay young [D] worship God like the youth7. According to the passage, teenagers in Western society are.[A] unmotivated students in schools[B] sympathetic with the unfortunate[C] highly competitive on the job market[D] equipped with all kinds of values8. All of the following can be inferred from the passage EXCEPT that .[A] young people are more active than adults in protecting their environment[B] a majority of families live in peace and harmony[C] adults used to believe that adolescents are rebellious[D] it is not right for adults to criticize the youths9. Which of the following is the best paraphrase of the idea of the last sentence of the passage ?[A] Youths may go too far in their social activities, but that's 'better than their doing mischievous things or wasting their time.[B] Youths may oppose development, and that's worthwhile because goldfish and telephone booth are far less important.[C] Youths are environment protectionists, but they may also cause damage to wildlife or to public properties.[D] Youths stay too long in wilderness, since they love things in nature instead of goldfish or telephone booths in modem cities.10. Most likely, the author of this passage is .[A] a sociologist [B] a loving parent[C] a political official [D] a clergymanPassage ThreeCrocodiles are incredibly strong, agile and aggressive. They are merciless killers and it's their nature to be brutal. They are estimated to kill up to 200 people per year in Africa and they can eat up to half their body weight in one meal. This is why in Burkina Faso, the lakeside Bazoule village is famous for its unique tradition.For many generations the villagers have lived harmoniously with about 200 wild crocodiles. Crocodiles have remained the same for over 200 million years. They are feared and avoided by humans and animals alike. But the people of Bazoule revere the sacred crocodiles in the lake. This unique tradition started many generations ago at a time when the people of Bazoule were facing a great drought and there was no water. Women used to walk 40 kilometers searching for water. The crocodiles lived apart and hence there was no co-habitation betweenthe crocodiles and the people of Bazoule.Legend says that one day the women were passing close to the crocodiles and one woman attempted to collect water in the lake and the crocodile let her fetch water without attacking her. From then onwards all the women in Bazoule village could fetch water from the lake. The villagers named the ferocious animals the sacred crocodiles for they had saved them and they could not only fetch drinking water but also water their plants and they survived the famine."The crocodiles of Bazoule are sacred because they are the totems of the village. They're the ancestors of the village because they saved the villagers and that is why they' are called sacred," says Prosper Kabore, Head Crocodile guide.Prosper was born into this tradition. His job is to safeguard the unique relationship between the people and the sacred crocodiles. Every child in Bazoule is taught to be kind and respectful. They are constantly reminded that the life they enjoy today is as a result 'of the kindness and compassion shown to their ancestors. Kindness and help provided to them by the most unlikely animals, the crocodile. At one point in time the crocodiles cried for one month. Everybody wondered what was wrong. When Prosper told the local chief who is entirely in charge of the conservation of the sacred crocodiles, he prohibited children from picking grass at the lake. Then one night a child went into the water and did not return. The crocodiles cried a lot. The day that followed people saw somebody drowned in the water. "We tried to retrieve the body but we couldn't. Then we saw the crocodile bringing the body. He pushed it out of the water and we took the body and buried," recalls Kabore.Hence this unique co-existence is what draws people from all over and they are shocked to see this phenomenon that has been in this village for many generations. They get a chance to ride on the backs of the sacred crocodiles, feed them with chickens. The chickens fed to the crocodiles come from Bazoule village, any chicken outside the village is not fed to the crocodiles; This is meant to appease the ancestors.The sacred crocodiles and Bazoule people have a great interdependency. The crocodiles allow the villagers to use the water and the villagers allow the crocodiles to feed on their plants and the cycle of life goes on harmoniously. The money attained from tourists goes directly to help the needy children in Bazoule. Hence not only does the community help in conserving the crocodiles and the old tradition but it also, uplifts the lives of its community members.11. All of the following about crocodiles are true EXCEPT that they .[A] move swiftly and flexibly [B] need a lot of food to eat[C] have a mild temperament [D] live in waters12. According to the passage, the Bazoule villagers respect the crocodiles as sacred beings because the crocodiles there .[A] live far away from the village[B] are respected as the emblem of the villagers[C] eat chickens and plants only[D] would feel sad when a human being dies13. Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?[A] The Bazoule villagers are active animal protectionists.[B] Even crocodiles can be tamed just like dogs are domesticated.[C] Ecological harmony may lead to the prosperity of tourism.[D] Human beings have treated ferocious animals in a wrong way.14. Which of the following is opposite in meaning to "uplift" in the last sentence of the passage?[A] degrade [B]downplay [C] downpour [D]delimit15. Which of the following may be the most appropriate title for this passage?[A] Animal Protection and Development of Tourism[B] An Unbelievable Tradition in an African Tribe[C] Crocodiles and Villagers in Mutual Understanding[D] Crocodile Conservation: a Human EndeavorPassage FourExcessive sun exposure is bad for our health. But sun deprivation is also harmful - contributing to ailments from depression to disturbed sleep, obesity and even cancer. People inhabiting the far northern hemisphere are particularly vulnerable, forced to endure long, dark winter nights and sometimes only seeing the sun for three quarters of an hour per day in December.But relief could be on its way, with Swedish researchers exploring a range of projects that could bring light to the wider population. They are working on a device that could transform people's homes and lives by regulating the amount of light to which they are exposed. At Lund University, in southern Sweden, Prof Thorbjorn Laike shows off what he calls an "artificial sun", a collection of bright bluish lights that wouldn't look out of place in a giant's dentist surgery.The "sun" has pride of place in the architecture department, reflecting Prof Laike's passion for light and the benefits it can bring. He is Spearheading the "Healthy Homes" project, which aims to ensure that people living in the dark upper reaches of the northern hemisphere receive the right amount of the "right sort" of light at the right time. They are developing a device called a Daysimeter, which monitors a person's exposure to light radiation during the day. When the user returns home, the Daysimeter automatically sends this information to a central control hub, which works out whether the person has received sufficient sunlight. If that turns out to be either too much or not enough, a smart system will adjust the lighting in the home to compensate: By rebalancing a individual's light exposure, the idea is to help people maintain a more normal and healthy circadian rhythm.Humans are programmed to wake and sleep on a roughly 24-hour cycle, and the timing is regulated by exposure to light. According to a statement from the Healthy Homes project: "Disruption of a regular, daily pattern of light and dark can lead to poor sleep, fatigue and decreased performance，as well as poor health ranging from obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and even cancer."In places where sunlight is in short supply, bright electric lighting delivered at the right time of day can act as a substitute. "We anticipate that this will make it easier for people, especially.16. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?[A] Too little sunning is just as harmful as too much sunning.[B] Artificial sunlight can be used to treat illnesses such as cancer.[C] People living on the equator do not develop obesity.[D] Northerners sleep more poorly than southerners do.17. Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?[A] Ultimately, artificial sun will substitute the natural sunlight to keep people healthy.[B] Even sports and other activities cannot compensate for the lack of sunlight.[C] In the sunlight, only its bluish ray is important for human health.[D] People on the equator do not have to worry about biological cycle.18. Human beings need sunlight exposure especially in the morning because[A] their body clock would stop regulating work at night[B] the sunlight regulates certain hormone to keep people energetic[C] the morning sun gives off the full spectrum of rays[D] the 19dl century architects had already found it necessary to maximize the sun penetration19. Most likely, the author of this passage is[A] a medical doctor [B] a student who loves sports[C] a news reporter [D] a town official in Sweden20. In "the Healthy Homes researchers plan to kit out the first experimental home within two years", the phrase "kit out" means "to[A] rule out [B] install in the kitchen[C] equip and use [D] send kids outdoorsPassage FiveMigratory birds may be spreading viruses that cause bird flu around the world, say scientists. Outbreaks in poultry may become more common in the future, especially in ill-prepared countries, they warn. A severe strain found at a duck farm in the UK last year may have been carried by wild birds out of Russia, according to Dutch researchers. The virus is a low human health risk, but wild birds on long migratory routes should be monitored, they say.H5N8 is a strain of bird flu that appeared late last year in Russia, East Asia, North America and four European .countries, including the UK. The infections led to millions of poultry being culled. In the UK, ducks were affected at a farm in Driffield, Yorkshire. Another outbreak of bird flu in Hampshire this week is of the H7N7 form of the virus, which is less severe.Scientists at the Erasmus Medical Center in Rotterdam, Netherlands, say the presence of the H5 virus in a migratory bird in Russia and other detections in wild birds and poultry is "worrisome". "More poultry outbreaks could occur in the future, especially in countries that are ill-prepared," a team led by Dr Ron Fouchier wrote in the journal, Science. "Despite the currently low public health risk, the outbreaks should be monitored closely, given that several animal species are susceptible and that influenza viruses are generally unpredictable." Wild birds with long migratory routes should be monitored for exposure to H5N8 and control measures in poultry should be updated, as they appear to be "insufficient", they added.Scientists are also investigating other ways that bird flu viruses can spread around the world, including through illegal poultry trade and contamination of vehicles or equipment. A recent report from the European Food Safety Authority said the route of spread of the disease remained uncertain. It said all affected farms in Europe had kept birds inside, suggesting direct transmission from wild birds to farmed poultry was unlikely.Experts said there were no known direct migration routes from East Asia to Europe, but infected migratory birds from East Asia could in theory pass the virus on to other species at breeding and stopover places in Eurasia. Dr Derek Gatherer of Lancaster University said moreresearch into flu in wild bird populations in the UK was needed, especially in species migrating in from Europe. "The British response to bird flu is oriented towards agriculture - that's fine because of course we need to protect our poultry industry - but in order to really understand bird flu we should also study it in its natural setting," he told BBC News. "Then we'll have a better 'early warning system' for what might be a threat to agriculture in the future."UK officials said tests had confirmed the Hampshire outbreak was of a low severity H7 strain of the disease, which is a much less severe form than the HSN8 strain found in Yorkshire in November. Chief vet Nigel Gibbens said: "We have taken immediate action to contain this outbreak as part of our robust procedures for dealing swiftly with avian flu. "This is a low severity form of the virus and we are taking action to ensure that the disease does not spread or develop into a more severe form. We are investigating the possible sources of the outbreak. I would urge poultry keepers in the surrounding area to be vigilant for any signs of disease and to ensure they are maintaining good bio-security on their premises."The Department for Environment, Food &Rural Affairs said warden patrols for diseased wild birds occurred in eight Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust reserves in Great Britain, and a number of other reserves were patrolled by volunteers from October to March. Anyone finding five or more wild birds dead in the same location is advised to report them to the Delta helpline.21. In "The infections led to millions of poultry being culled", the word "culled" means[A] canceled [B] raised in cult[C] sold [D] killed22. The outbreak of bird flu should be monitored, because .[A] poultry industry threatens bio-security in many countries[B] the H5 virus from Russia is more dangerous than other species[C] wild birds spread virus all along their migratory routes[D] it is not sure how many animals can be affected by bird flu23. Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?[A] The southern hemisphere of the earth is free from bird flu.[B] Even if birds are kept indoors, they may not be safe from bird flu.[C] If a country is well-prepared, it never suffers from flu outbreaks.[D] At present scientists have found control measures to prevent bird flu.24. Which of the following statements is known to be true of bird virus?[A] It may survive even if it is not in the bird body.[B] It transmits directly through the air and blood transfusion.[C] It is unlikely to cause illness early in Spring.[D] It leads to illegal poultry trades.25. This passage is most likely to be .[A] a warning for tourists issued by the government[B] a medical advice from university research center[C] a. newspaper report for public information[D] an academic essay published in professional magazinePassage Six"Education" means different things to different people. To some elementary and secondary school children, it can. be an exciting intellectual experience; to those poorly motivated or presented with a dull and unimaginative curriculum, it can be a deadening ordeal; to college students, education may be a means to acquiring the qualifications for a job, a way of escaping lowly social class origin, or .a time for experimenting with a variety of social and personal identities; to parents,, education for their children may represent the realization of their own unfulfilled aspirations; to those who operate the schools .... teachers, principals, and administrators --- education means a job, a place where career aspirations may be realized or frustrated, where viable relationships with colleagues and supervisors must be worked out. This list of the meanings of education could be expanded indefinitely. However, it should be sufficient to illustrate the multiple meanings of education to people in various roles and subgroups in the society.What does education mean to the sociologist? How does he begin to structure and make sense out of this multifaceted phenomenon called education? Basically, sociologists regard education as a distinctively social phenomenon or "institution" which, like other social phenomena, is amenable to objective scientific analysis. A sociological perspective on education requires that one "step back" from that which he is examining, set aside his personal and cultural biases, and take a long, hard look at the phenomenon of education. This is not an easy task. At times it is made more difficult by the fact that teachers, administrators, and concerned segments of the public may expect immediate answers to the questions of policy and technique to emerge from the sociologist's research on education. Sociologists, on the other hand, are primarily concerned with building a body of verified knowledge about education and only secondarily with the problem of applying their findings and conclusions to the concerns of the educational practitioners. Though most research on education by sociologists has some policy implications, sociologists vary in title extent to which .they spell out these implications, in their work. Ultimately, the extent to which this is done is a matter of style and most sociologists have adopted a style in which policy implications are left implicit rather than one in which explicit programmatic statements and policy recommendations are made. The readers are then left to extract (if they care to) the implications of the research and ideas presented for questions of policy and action.26. According to the author, education enables students to have all the following EXCEPT[A] an explanation of school education[B] an enriched life of learning[C] a chance to move up the social ladder[D] enlarging one's circle of friends27. The phrase "this multifaceted phenomenon" most likely means "a phenomenon that[A] is facilitated in multiple ways [B] has many aspects of significance[C] does multiplications [D] undergoes many changes28. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that •[A] Every student can realize their dreams in one way or another through education.[B] For teachers job opportunities are rare outside the area of education.[C] Parents hope to have their own dreams come true in their children.[D] Students with low motivation usually do not have dreams.29. Which of the following conclusions can be derived from this passage?[A] Educational sociologists must step back from the real-tire problems of education.[B] Educational technology is a topic for research in educational sociology.[C] Researchers of educational sociology are all impartial in their observations.[D] Educational theories and practices are two different enterprises.30. What question might the author most likely continue to discuss after this passage?[A] Why is education multifaceted?[B] What does sociology mean to students, teachers, parents and others concerned?[C] What is the role of educational technology in teaching practices?[D] Why is educational research necessary and what are its topics?II. Vocabulary (10%; 0.5 mark each)31. The two men are well with each other since they once studied in the same university.[A] recognized [B] acquainted [C] acknowledged [D] identified32. When hysteria about AIDS first infected the media in early 1980s, those identified aswere all at the margins of society.[A] feasible [B] accessible [C] vulnerable [D] attainable33. You'd better from talking too much, for the more you talk, the more mistakes you may commit.[A] refrain [B] resort [C] reframe [D] resist34. How can you be so to the sufferings of people in poverty in the world?[A] unpopular [B] indifferent [C] neutral [D] vigorous35. He was so absorbed in his work that he was to things going on around him.[A] oblivious [B] digestible [C] dormant [D] introvert36. Because all the parts of this machine are , it is convenient to replace them.[A] normalized [B] mechanized [C] modernized [D] standardized37. This Canon camera can be to take pictures in cloudy or night conditions.[A] adapted [B] adjusted [C] adopted [D] addressed38. A teacher is one who preaches the way of life, knowledge and help the students out of their difficulties.[A] inherit [B] intervene [C] interpret [D] impart39. Many poets and artists have drawn their from Nature as well as the real life experiences of ordinary people.[A] affectation [B] inspiration [C] intervention [D] convention40. We cannot guarantee the take-off of the flight, since we are having such a foggy day.[A] puncture [B] pinpoint [C] punctual [D] pernicious41. What is in store in the future is unknown, but we can that it gives us many hopes.[A] affirm [B] confide [C] confer [D] overrun42. In China, all parents have to send their children to school beginning from age 7, according to the Law of Education.[A] Compelling [B] Forced [C] Obliged [D] Compulsory43. Although it was his first experience as chairman, he over the meeting with great skill.[A] presided [B] administered [C] mastered [D] executed。
2015年四川大学计算机学院考研专业目录_四川大学考研
04 网络与信息安全
05 计算语言学/数据库与知
识工程
06 分布式处理与网络计算
冯伟森
李涛
刘晓洁
胡晓勤
梁刚
同上
同上
赵奎
杨频
王俊峰
陈兴蜀
周激流
朱敏
蒲亦非
李晓华
唐宁九
林涛
同上
同上
张建州
王明辉
彭舰
彭德中
余谅
何坤
洪玫
杨秋辉
同上
同上
陈良银
刘怡光
同上
同上
专业学位
朱敏
① 101 思想政治理论 复试科目：C 语言同
同上
同上
吕建成
21 数据库与网络
22 信息安全
23 多媒体语义信息挖掘
24 人机交互与数字娱乐技
术
25 数据挖掘与生物信息学
085212 软件工程
01 图形图像处理
02 软件工程技术
03 计算机网络技术
04 云计算技术和应用
05 计算机视觉与图像处理
科学学位
游志胜
杨红雨
时宏伟
吕泽均
李晓峰
刘正熙
张建伟
李辉
李毅
① 101 思想政治理论
复试科目：软件工程
周群彪
② 201 英语一
同等学力加试： 1、
刘健波
③ 301 数学一
微机原理 2、数据库
王俊峰
④ 874 计算机科学专
系统原理
冯子亮
业基础综合
四川大学201515年874计算机真题解析
数据结构：1.D 删除尾元素需找到其前驱节点，故需遍历链表。
循环双链表找到目标节点的时间复杂度为O(1)。
2.B 空间复杂度概念题，查阅王道绪论。
3.C 顺序结构的存取性质，概念题。
参见王道第二章4.C 五个序列为：62354 62534 65234 26534 263545.B 王道原题，第一个元素是n,第二个元素是n-1，以此类推。
6.C 按行优先存储，故应该为A[3][5]为第四行第六个元素，每个占据4个存储空间。
故其应该是第三十六个元素，取存储单元的第一个，综上35*4+860=10007.D 首先根据后序序列得出C是根节点，其次再根据中序序列可知C的右子树为空。
在后续剩下的节点中(DABE)可知E是左子树的根节点，在中序中参照上述逻辑可将(DEBA)分为左右子树。
以此类推即可得出答案，参见下图。
8.B 带入公式即可。
记忆题9.C 题干没有固定，随意选择。
现选择Prime算法，过程如下图10.A 完全二叉树中，度为一的节点个数，要么为0要么为1.又n0=n2+1，即可求出n1=0.11.A Y是叶子节点，访问Y之后，应返回它的父节点，即为X。
12.B 哈夫曼树没有度为1的节点，又n0=n2+1，n0+n2=199.哈夫曼树的编码字符，即为求n0节点个数。
综上可得。
13.D 此题即为求判定树的树高，直接代入公式。
[log2(100)]+1 ([ ]符号为向下取整)14.C A选项，B树才会引起分裂整合。
B选项，应对其进行中序遍历。
C选项，正确。
D选项，若每个节点只有左或者右子树(一条斜线)，就会退化成线性结构，此时时间复杂度为O(n)15.B16.A17.D H(23)=6,T[6]=57,故采取二次探测，根据二次探测的序列1,-1,4,-4…….（平方），可得。
18.B 408原题。
王道树和森林课后习题综合应用题1.用快速排序可以实现找第k小的数，时间复杂度为O(n)。
#define Max 100int Search(int a[],int n,int k)//快速排序寻找数组中第k小的元素{int low,high,i,j,t;k--;low=0;high=n-1;do{i=low;j=high;t=a[low];//将a[low]作为枢轴元素do{while(i<j&&t<a[j])//若当前元素大于枢轴元素t，则将j向左移动比较下一元素{j--;}if(i<j)//若当前元素小于或等于t,则将当前元素存入a[j];{a[i++]=a[j];}while(i<j&&t>=a[i])//若当前元素小于或等于枢轴元素t,则将i向右移动比较下一元素{i++;}if(i<j)//若当前元素大于枢轴元素,则将元素存入a[j];{a[j--]=a[i];}}while(i<j);a[i]=t;//枢轴元素存入a[i];if(i==k)//若找到第k小元素结束循环{break;}if(i<k)//说明查找的元素在右半部分{low=i+1;}else//说明查找的元素在左半部分{high=i-1;}}while(i!=k);return a[k];//返回第k小元素的值}也可以利用堆排序求解：先建立小顶堆，然后输出k个最小的元素。
四川大学2002-2015年机械设计考研真题
各位同学，要初试四川大学机械设计资料的lianx我哟，02年到15年的全部给出，效果是最好的02年的免费给大家放到网上了，其他人的都是卷纸扫描出来的，很多看都看不清楚，有些卷纸还乱写乱画了的，我的不一样，大家可以联系我提供截图，保证！！！！（球球群：4·1·9·5·8·9·3·7·1）2002年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题：机械设计：855#：机械制造及自动化、机械电子工程、车辆工程、机械设计及理论、人机与环境工程、机械工程、材料加工工程一、单项选择（每题2分，共20分）1.受拉螺栓联接若螺栓所受预紧力为F’，在受轴向力工作载荷F时，其剩余预紧力为F’’，则螺栓所受的总拉力F0为_________。
A. F0=F′+FB. F0=F′+F′′+FC. F0=F′+F′′D. F0=F′′+F2.对于受循环变应力作用的零件，影响疲劳强度的主要因素是_________。
A.最大应力B.平均应力C.应力幅D.最小应力3.链传动的瞬时传动比若要等于常数，则它的主要条件是__________。
A.z2=z1B. z2=z1，且中心距a是链节距P的整数倍C.z2=3z1D.大链轮齿数z2是小链轮齿数z1的整数倍4.减速蜗杆传动中，用 _________来计算传动比i是错误的。
A.i=ω1/ω2B.i=d2/d1C. i=n1/n2D. i=z2/z15.花键静联接的强度主要取决于_______强度。
A.齿根剪切B.齿侧接触C.齿根弯曲D.齿侧挤压6.滑动轴承的条件性计算中，限制pv值是为了_________。
A.防止加速磨损B.防止过度磨损C.防止轴承温升过高D.防止出现过大的摩擦阻力矩7.配对齿轮副1、2的工作接触应力σH1，σH2之间的关系为____________。
A.仅节点处σH1=σH2B.任意啮合位置处σH1=σH2C. σH1≥σH2D. σH1≤σH28.齿轮的弯曲强度，当________，则齿根弯曲强度增加。
中国计量大学2021年硕士研究生招生考试试题与答案解析传感器技术2
中国计量大学2021年硕士研究生招生考试试题考试科目代码：822考试科目名称：传感器技术2所有答案必须写在报考点提供的答题纸上，答在试卷或草稿纸上无效。
一、物理概念或名词解释（每小题3分，共3×10=30分）1.敏感元件2.传感器的测量范围3.应变效应4.电涡流效应5.变介电常数型电容传感器6.磁阻效应7.声传感器8.光电导效应9.PSD10.温标二、填空题（每空1分，共1×10=10分）1.一准确度为±0.1%FS 的压力传感器，测量范围（0~25）kPa ，输出电压（0~5）V ，该压力传感器的静态灵敏度为，最大测量误差为kPa 。
2.应变式传感器补偿温度误差的方法有和。
3.自感式传感器的组成结构一般包括、和衔铁。
4.霍尔元件的灵敏度，与成正比，而与成反比。
5.光纤传输损耗主要来源于材料吸收损耗、和光波导。
能敏锐地感受某种物理、化学、生物的信息并将其转变为电信息的特种电子元件。
这种元件通常是利用材料的某种敏感效应制成的。
敏感元件可以按输入的物理量来命名，如热敏（见热敏电阻器）、光敏、（电）压（压）力敏、磁敏、气敏、湿敏元件。
在电子设备中采用敏感元件来感知外界的信息，可以达到或超过人类感觉器官的功能。
敏感元件是传感器的核心元件。
随着电子计算机和信息技术的迅速发展，敏感元件的重要性日益增大。
磁阻效应是指某些金属或半导体的电阻值随外加磁场变化而变化的现象。
同霍尔效应一样，磁阻效应也是由于载流子在磁场中受到洛伦兹力而产生的。
在达到稳态时，某—速度的载流子所受到的电场力与洛伦兹力相等，载流子在两端聚集产生霍尔电场，比该速度慢的载流子将向电场力方向偏转，比该速度快的载流子则向洛伦兹力方向偏转。
这种偏转导致载流子的漂移路径增加。
或者说，沿外加电场方向运动的载流子数减少，从而使电阻增加。
这种现象称为磁阻效应。
12bc d ef d c e三、单选题（每小题2分，共2×15=30分）1.传感器的动态标定，常用的实验确定法不包括（）。
2015年浙江省中国计量大学传感器技术考研真题
2015年浙江省中国计量大学传感器技术考研真题传感器技术1一、填空（每空1分，共130=30分）1、传感器的标定是，根据输入量的不同，分为和两种。
2、半导体应变片的工作原理是基于效应，受外力作用后，电阻的变化主要由变化引起的。
3、按传感器构成原理，传感器可分为结构型与物性型两大类，结构型传感器是基于构成的，物性型传感器是基于构成的。
压电传感器是上述两类中的型传感器。
4、电感传感器的零点残余电压过大，会使传感器下降，增大，造成零点残余电压的原因是。
5、电容传感器在结构上增设等位环是为减小引起的误差，采用“驱动电缆”技术是为减小引起的误差。
6、霍尔元件灵敏度系数kH与和有关。
霍尔元件的零位误差包括和。
7、计量光栅测量时按光线走向可以分为和两类。
8、热电偶的接触电动势主要与和有关。
9、谐振式传感器是直接将被测量转换为的装置。
机械式谐振传感器是利用振子的和变化进行测量的。
10、电阻型气敏器件按结构，可以分为、和三种。
11、传感器的分辨力是，分辨率是，阈值是。
二、选择题（每题2分，共210=20分）1、为提高电阻应变片测量动态应变的最高工作频率，可以。
A.增加应变片基长B.减小应变片基长C.增加电阻应变片初始电阻D.采用差动结构2、对互感式电感传感器而言，要使非线性误差减小，应该使两个副线圈。
A.正向串联B.反向串联C.正向并联D.反向并联3、电容传感器的转换电路电源采用直流电源的是。
A.二极管双T形电路B.差动脉冲调宽电路C.运算放大器式电路D.调频电路4、磁电感应式传感器和压电传感器都可用于振动测量，一般要求振动频率磁电感应式传感器固有频率，压电传感器固有频率。
A.高于，高于B.高于，低于C.低于，高于D.低于，低于5、光子的能量大小与光的有关。
A．波长B．光速C．光强D．相位6、在下列传感器中，属于有源传感器的是传感器。
A．容栅式B．电感式C．磁栅式D．感应同步器7、当光电管的阳极和阴极之间所加电压一定时，照射在光电阴极上光通量与光电流之间的关系称为光电管的。