2019年GRE填空练习题1

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2019年11月27日GRE填空真题及答案解析回忆

2019年11月27日GRE填空真题及答案解析回忆三空题1.For many years, Americans have had a love affair with ferryboats. Feries are said to relieve our frayed nervesafter we’ve stewed in bumper-to-bumper traffic, and conventional wisdom also says ferries (i)_____ congestion and air pollution by getting us out of cars. Unfortunately, this (ii)_____ notion recently has (iii)______ several West Coast mayors, who have in consequence eagerly pursued the implementation of ferry service in their cities.A. contribute toD. provocativeG. captivatedB. reduceE. misguidedH. confusedC. cover upF. cynicalI. outraged答案：BEG2.Given children’s active fantasy lives, one mightthink of truthfulness as (i)_____ virtue in young children, but it turns out that lying is the more(ii)_____ skill. A child who is going to lie must recognize the truth,intellectually conceive of an alternate reality, and be able to convincingly sell that new reality to someone else. Therefore, lying(iii)_____ cognitive development and social skills in a way that honesty simply does not..A. an instinctiveD. advancedG. underminesB. an acquiredE. practicalH. forgoesC. a consciousF. mundaneI. demands答案：BDI单空题1. that Seiberg and Witten lack celebrity can be explained by the _____nature of their pursuit： the mathematical exploration of four-dimensional space.A. pedestrianB. esotericC. compellingD. globalE. unequivocal答案：B2. Politicians who invoke the founders of the United States in support of their views seem to imply that the founders consistently concurred in their own views when in reality they were a highly _____ group of thinkers.A. eruditeB. innovativeC. predictableD. contentiousE. methodical答案：D3. Investors are grateful that the attorney general has stepped in to pursue inquiries into misfeasance in the financial markets, given that the regulators officially charged with policing the industry have been _____.A. diffidentB. meticulousC. straightforwardD. implacableE. tenacious答案： A六选二1. Coagulation factors are useful proteins whose simple names---many are known only by Roman numerals--_____ their importance and the specificity of their roles in the thinning and clotting of bloodA. nullifyB. obviateC. mitigateD. belieE. maskF. accentuate答案： DE2. Progressive and reactionary populist movements are not necessarily_____： each may, and usually does, possess the features of the other.A. dichotomousB. untenableC. unsustainableD. contradictoryE. subversiveF. efficacious答案： AD3. Even the cleverest use of time management techniques is powerless to _____ sum of minutes in a person’s life, so people squeeze as much as they could into each one of them.A. justifyB. quantifyC. augmentD. enrichE. measureF. extend答案：CF1. Investors are grateful that the attorney general has stepped in to 瀀甀爀猀甀攀 inquiries into the misfeasance in the financial markets, given that the 爀攀最甀氀愀琀漀爀猀officially charged with policing the industry have been______.A. tenaciousB. diffidentC. meticulousD. implacableE. straightforward2. Despite the abundance and importance of maize, its biological origin has been a long-running mystery. The bright yellow, mouth-watering treat does not grow in the wild anywhere on the planet,so its (i)______ is not at all (ii)______.Blank (i) Blank (ii)A. utility D. helpfulB. popularity E. importantC. ancestry F. obvious3.Biologists have little (i)______ drawing the link between the success of humanity and human(ii)______. Indeed, many biologists claim that this attribute, the ability to(iii)_____, or, to put it more sharply, to make individuals subordinate their self-interest to the needs of the group,lies at the root of human achievement.Blank (i) Blank (ii) Blank (iii)A. consensus regarding D. resilience G. reflectB. compunction about E. sociability H. communicateC. justification for F. uniqueness I. cooperate4. Aerial viewings of the gigantic stone horseattributed to the Native American Quechuan people fail to_____ the considerable artistry required to create the piece：the horse appears crudely constructed unless carefully examined from the ground.A. revealB. justifyC. manifestD. mitigateE. diminishF. undercut5. Even though the original settlement may not hold up, it at least proves that the deadlock can be broken and that a hitherto _____ party is ready to bargain.A. implacableB. unyieldingC. impeccableD. flawlessE. unqualifiedF. capricious6. His premiership, seemingly cast-iron a year ago, is now so vulnerable that even a good day at the office does no more than buy him a few weeks of ______ from rebels within his own party.A. controversyB. reproachC. respiteD. reliefE. blameF. deference7. The laboratory maze has ever grown ever less ______ since it was invented; instead of hoping to lose a rodent ina labyrinth,today’s scientists design mazes to elicit a few simple, easily measurable behaviors.A. intricateB. convolutedC. extensiveD. prevalentE. effectiveF. useful答案以及简析1. B投资者非常感激律师介入调查金融市场中的不法行为，考虑到本应该负责实行监管调控的监管者没有起到作用。

2019年9月4日GRE填空真题回忆

2019年9月4日GRE填空真题回忆9月4日GRE填空部分部分题目如下：1. His _____ speaking style notwithstanding, William Perkins has long been seen as the moderate face of hispolitical party.A.genteelB.mundaneC.affableD.captivatingE.vehement答案：E解析：通过notwithstanding，对后面的moderate取反，所以选E。

翻译：即使William Perkins的说话风格是(非常激烈的)，在他的党派中，他还是被看做温和的面孔。

这个题在我们的冲分班讲义，是另一个版本，换汤不换药：William Perkins，his _____ speaking style notwithstanding, has long been seen as the moderate face of his political party.A.fieryB.genteelC.bumblingD.unremarkableE.affableF.impassioned答案：AF解析：同上。

2. Not all paleontologists agree that connections between the continents were (i)_____ just after the extinction of the dinosaurs. Some hold the view that North America, Asia, and South America had (ii)_____ immediately following the dinosaur extinction, pointing to (iii)_____ between ancient kinds of mammals that existed on all three continents at this time in support of their argument.答案：CEG解析：通过度析题目，发现空格(ii)和空格(iii)需要一起做，即“两空联动”，并且通过pointing out能够断定，两空方向相同。

【资格考试】2019最新整理-GRE词汇考试试题测试——填空题(1)

——参考范本——【资格考试】2019最新整理-GRE词汇考试试题测试——填空题(1)______年______月______日____________________部门1. A common argument claims that in folk art, theartist's subordination of technical mastery to intensefeeling______the direct communication of emotion to the viewer.(A) facilitates(B) averts(C) neutralizes(D) implies(E) represses2. A good doctor knows that knowledge about medicine will continue to ______and that, therefore, formal professional training can never be an _______ guide to good practice.(A) vary.. adaptable(B) change.. absolute(C) ossify.. inflexible(D) pertain.. invaluable(E) intensify.. obsolescent3. A human being is quite _______ creature, for the gloss of rationality that covers his or her fears and _______ is thin and often easily breached.(A) a logical.. problems(B) a frail.. insecurity(C) a valiant.. phobias(D) an ambitious.. morality(E) a ludicrous.. laughter4. A leading chemist believes that many scientists have difficulty with stereochemistry because much of the relevant nomenclature is______, in that it combines concepts that should be kept______.(A) obscure.. interrelated(B) specialized.. intact(C) subtle.. inviolate(D) descriptive.. separate(E) imprecise.. discrete5. A major goal of law, to deter potential criminals by punishing wrongdoers, is not served when the penalty is so seldom invoked that it______to be a ______threat.(A) tends.. serious(B) appears.. real(C) ceases.. credible(D) fails.. deceptive(E) seems.. coercive6. A misconception frequently held by novice writers is that sentence structure mirrors thought: the more convoluted the structure, the more _______ the ideas.(A) complicated。

2019年GRE考试练习试题

2019年GRE考试练习试题The slow pace of job creation was without precedent for the period ofrecovery from a recession, but the conditions that conspired to cause therecession were also (i)_______. The stock market declined sharply, and rampantbusiness investment slumped. Then an ensuing spate of scandals (ii)__________public trust in the way companies were run. And yet, despite these powerful(iii)________ to growth, the recession proved surprisingly mild.Blank (i) Blank (ii) Blank (iii)A. heartening D. weakened G. counterforcesB. atypical E. illuminated H. stimulantsC. ambiguous F. consolidated I. concomitants大家看到这样的题可能就要晕了，不是说好的填空题考的是单句吗?怎么出现了5行4个句子呢?这就说明三空题是鉴于传统填空(单句话)和阅读(段落)之间的状态。

那么对于这样的题目该如何处理呢?三空题一共9个选项，每个空选对的概率是1/3，所以整道题做对的概率就是1/27。

因为三空题所占比例不高，坊间很多老师就直接建议学生放弃三空题。

那么我们下面就来看看三空题到底是不是真就如此之难以至于要直接放弃。

首先来看选项。

A：鼓舞人心的 B：不寻常的 C：模糊不清的 D：削弱 E：阐明F：加固 G：负面力量，反作用力 H：刺激I：伴随物。

2019年9月18日GRE填空真题答案(回忆)

2019年9月18日GRE填空真题答案（回忆）填空1. As a historical genre, biography is best when _____, a careful reconstruction of the past in all its unfamiliar particularity.A. introspectiveB. reflectiveC. concreteD. conciseE. meticulousF. thorough2. Despite the occasional (i)_____ of their venues, the culture of corporate conferences is a deeply (ii)_____ conference, each day consisted of nearly nine hours of continuous lectures and panels enlivened by pleasantries or anything that could be construed as a joke. The only(iii)_____ sensory deprivation of the sessions came from the handsome color slides favored by the corporate presenters.A. seclusionD. sycophanticG. allusion toB. opulenceE. asceticH. ramification ofC. enormityF. mercenaryI. respite from3.There are great _____ in countries’ greenhouse gas emissions, especially in per capita terms： while the United States and China are similar in aggregate emissions, United States per capita emissions are a huge multiple of China’s.A. distortionsB. disparitiesC. fluctuationsD. advancesE. variancesF. vacillations4. The building affairs minister rightly recognizes that the current planning system—under which the government controls every aspect of construction—creates disastrous developments, but she is wrong to propose the opposite： the wholesale(i)_____ of the building market. Such a complete (ii)_____ of responsibility on the part of the state can hardly be in the public’s interest.A. liberalizationD. abnegationE. recapitulationC. regulationF. accretion5. Motivation is the hardest of all managerial tasks, and it is _____ to expect a single memo, no matter how well crafted, to have much effect on the staff’s attitude.A. ingeniousB. reasonableC. fancifulD. scrupulousE. radical6. The notion of film producers as the ogres of the movie business has proved an (i)_____ one, but according to The Producers by Tim Adler, it is not always grounded in reality. Attacking what he calls the “auteur myth”—the idea of the director as the single purveyor of art in an industry otherwise peopled with (ii)_____—he places at the heart of his book an image of the producer, not the director, as the primary (iii)_____ force in the development and production of a movie.（此题在考试时已经改成了双空题）A. accurateD. visionariesG. financialE. profitmongersH. inertialC. enduringF. innocentsI. creative7. Since the 1920s, historical fiction writers in China have emancipated the genre from the traditional notion that(i)_____ was the ultimate goal of history writing. Yet the traditional commitment to (ii)_____ was not simply (iii)_____：this new genre was expected to capture the essence ofhistorical truth even as it allowed space for the writer’s imagination.A. comprehensivenessD. veracityG. jettisonedB. factualityE. thoroughnessH. rationalizedC. entertainmentF. pleasureI. acknowledged。

2019年GRE考试词汇填空练习试题及答案

2019年GRE考试词汇填空练习试题及答案1. The feminist poet's extremely explicit and witty diatribes against social convention were so thoroughly___ other writers that her idiosyncratic brand of rebellion eventually became the convention of her time.A.inimical toB.alien toC. emulated byD.resented byE.misunderstood by2. Although sermons retained their___ in religious life during most of the twentieth century, they are gradually___that central places as churches devote more energy to social activities.A.stature....occupyingB.role....preemptingC.preeminence ....losingD.superiority ....attainingE.marginality....ceding3. The same environmental process that long ago caused the original degradation of forest ecosystem are actingas___its rehabilitation; scientists therefore intend to try to ____these processes in order to prevent future damage to the ecosystemA. signals of ....eliminateB. irritantsto....exacerbate C. precursors to ....slowD.barriers to ...counterE. obstacles to....facilitate4. The studies executive lamented the fact that experts who had tried to_____the reasons why movies succeed or fail commercially had encountered great difficulty in producingmathematical models that could accurately predict the future of unreleased movies.A.downplayB.falsifyC.delineateD.circumventE.promote参考答案：1. 词汇难点：diatribe 谴责，抨击。

2019年GRE考试词汇填空练习试题及答案

2019年12月20日大陆地区GRE考试真题(考生回忆版)

2019年12月20日大陆地区GRE考试真题（考生回忆版）数学部分数学 1k是正整数，问k平方-k的余数和1比较大小关系数学 2有一个委员会，6个professor3个manager4个coordinator，要求组成一个5人的小组。

要求profeesor中的Dr.W和 manager中的Ms.M都要在有多少种办法数学 3P和N都是质数，P-N=4，P除以N小于2大于2/3，问p的值是多少数学 42≤r＜s≤6，r和s都是整数，问(r+s)/rs的最大值是多少数学 5小区每天送104份报纸，其中要3份报纸的家庭数量是要1份报纸的家庭数量的2倍，要2份报纸的家庭数量是要1份报纸家庭数量的3倍，问要2份报纸的家庭数量是多少数学 6F club有20000人，M club 30000人，加一起的membership是45000，问从F club里选一个人，他同时有M club membership的概率是多少数学72的32次方除以3的余数是多少数学8一共80名学生，physical club 60 人，chemistry club 50 人，biography 35人，每个学生至少参加一个俱乐部，没有学生三个都参加，以下哪个可能是既参加biography 又参加chemistry的学生数目？A. 0B. 5C. 10D. 15E. 20F. 25G. 30H. 35数学9一个三位数，每个数位上可以选择的有12345，不能重复，问这个三位数有多少种可能性数学10玩游戏，可以拿2point或4point，小明的average是3.8，问拿2分的次数的9倍，和拿4分的次数的大小关系数学114个不同的玩具分给3个不同的小孩，每个小孩都至少有一个礼物，每个玩具也必须分给小孩，求一共有多少种不同的分法数学12每层N本书，一共S层，然后把最上面一层的数平均分配到其他层，问分完之后每层有多少本书填空部分【所有题目均出自于真经填空机经1250题】填空100-1The professor’s tendency to commandeer faculty meetings to promote her personal agenda quickly inspired resentment among other faculty, who objected to such _____.A. appropriationB. obfuscationC. cavilingD. vacillationE. cronyism填空65-6Industry-sponsored scientific research on chemical safety often (i)_____. Media reports regularly imply that industry support of scientific work is alone sufficient to (ii)_____ that research. Even though the source of funding has been determined to be a less significant cause of bias than other factors, industry support suffices, in the minds of many people, to (iii)_____ the credibility of scientific work.填空5-9Although one can adduce myriad of examples of ecosystem disruption by nonindigenousspecies, nevertheless most introduced species that survive in fact appear to have quite _____ effects on the ecosystem they have invaded.A. minimalB. triflingC. markedD. conspicuousE. intriguingF. deleterious填空20-3Historian Barbara Alpern Engel’s task in writing a book about women in Russia must have been a (i)_____ one, because the (ii)_____ the Russian empire’s peoplesmeant that Russian women could never be treated as a homogeneous group.填空81-6Filler claims that after the social welfare programs of the 1960s, belief that the government has an obligation to provide decent housing for citizens who cannot afford it was (i)_____ in the United States by the notion that providing suitable shelter for everyone should be (ii)_____. Thus today in the (iii)_____ oftaxpayer-sponsored initiatives we have volunteer home-construction programs, honorable in intent but pitifully limited in scope.填空11-7Changes made to ecosystem in order to achieve a goal, such as food production or flood control, often _____ significant unforeseen trade-offs between other important products and service the ecosystems provide.A. predictB. delayC. foretellD. obscureE. yieldF. engender填空38-3Convinced of the gravity of her poetry, Voigt must have found the reviews of her most recent collection (i)_____ reading: one amused reviewer thought that it was unrecognizable as poetry but decidedly (ii)_____.填空48-3The description of humans as having an internal clock is not a (i)_____. Or rather, it is—you do not have a tiny watch in your cerebellum—but it also refers to (ii)_____, a specialized bundle of cells that regulates cyclical processes.填空38-4The author’s best-selling book on Virginia Woolf is not (i)_____ treatment of her subject; on the contrary, it presents (ii)_____ portrait of the novelist, faults and all.填空 88-9The life of a secret agent is dangerous enough, but the life of a double agent is infinitely more ______: a single slip can send an agent crashing to destruction.A. arduousB. precariousC. clandestineD. perilousE. covertF. exhilarating填空3-4Many of the towns that have voted to keep incinerators in the county’s solid waste plan have done so not because they necessarily (i)_____ incinerators, but because they are(ii)_____ to narrow their waste-disposal options.阅读部分【所有题目均出自于真经阅读机经260篇】阅读-正文Passage 147Our study revealed that nest-guarding long-tailed skinks (a species of lizard) homed (returned to their nests) more successfully when displaced shorter distances. There are two reasons why homing success rates decreased with increasing displacement distance. One possibility is that females were simply displaced too far to find their way home. However, this is unlikely given that some individuals managed to find their way home from each distance we used. The second possibility deals with trade-offs between the risks associated with making a long return trip and the benefits of returning. Animals should expend energy only when the associated costs are low. As reptiles increase the time spent moving, their daily energy expenditure increases dramatically. The energetic costs of returning home and the chances that the eggs will have been preyed upon during the return trip both increase substantially as displacement distance increases. For example, the 130 hours (5.5 days) that female skinks spent returning from a distance of 300 meters is sufficient for an egg-eating snake to locate and prey upon the entire clutch. However, females with larger clutches were more likely to home at distances over 50 meters. For these females, the relative fitness benefits associated with having more eggs successfully hatch may outweigh the energetic costs of returning to a nest site, evenif the nest may have already been preyed upon.阅读-选项passage 1471.The primary purpose of the passage is toA. question the validity of research on nest-guarding behavior in long-tailed skinksB. consider explanations for a finding regarding long-tailed skinksC. discuss the importance of homing for long-tailed skinksD. describe the relationship between clutch size and homing success inlong-tailed skinksE. identify the benefits of a behavior common among long-tailed skinks2.The claim in the highlighted sentence assumes which of the following about the individuals that managed to find their way home from each distance?A. They were less able to detect egg-eating predators than were the otherlong-tailed skinks studied.B. They were more averse to risk than were the other long-tailed skinks studiedC. They expended less energy when homing than did the other long-tailed skinks studied.D. They did not possess better homing skills than did the other long-tailed skinks studied.E. They had significantly smaller clutches than did the other long-tailed skinks studied.3.The "second possibility" implies which of the following as a possible explanation for the female long-tailed skinks that failed to home from distances over50 meters ?A. They had relatively small clutches.B. They were unable to find their way home.C. They lacked sufficient energy to home successfully.D. They had male long-tailed skinks guarding their clutches.E. They detected evidence of egg-eating snakes In the vicinity of their nests.阅读-正文Passage 135The revival of mural painting that has occurred in San Francisco since the 1970s, especially among the Chicano population of the city’s Mission District, has marked differences from its social realist forerunner in Mexico and the United States some 40 years earlier. Rather than being government sponsored and limited to murals on government buildings, the contemporary mural movement sprang from the people themselves, with murals appearing on community buildings and throughout college campuses. Perhaps the biggest difference, however, is the process. In earlier twentieth-century Mexico, murals resulted from the vision of individual artists. But today’s murals are characteristically the product s of artists working with local residents on design and creation.Such community engagement is characteristic of the Chicano art movement as a whole, which evolved from the same foundations as the Chicano civil rights movement of the mid-1960s. Both were a direct response to the needs of Chicanos in the United States, who were fighting for the right to adequate education, political empowerment, and decent working conditions. Artists joined other cultural workers in making political statements and played a key role in taking these statements to the public. They developed collectives and established cultural centers that functioned as the public-relations arm of the Chicano sociopolitical movement.阅读-选项passage 1351.The primary purpose of the passage is toA. argue for the superiority of a style of artB. consider the impact of an art movementC. describe the political content of a certain works of artD. detail the characteristic style of an art movementE. place an art movement in its historical context2.According to the passage, which of the following statements about the “cultural centers” is true?A. They were the venue where many later leaders of the Chicano civil rights movement first became politically active.B. Though later widespread, they originated in San Francisco area.C. Springing up in a number of communities, they initially had largely apolitical goals centered on art instruction.D. They constituted the nucleus from which the Chicano civil rights movement originated.E. Founded by artists, they provided support for the Chicano civil rights movement.3.Which of the following best describes the relationship between the first paragraph and the second paragraph of the passage?A. The first focuses on the mural artists as individuals; the second, on their actions as a group.B. The first compares the mural revival with an earlier artistic movement; the second describes the context contemporary to the revivalC. The first defines the revival by distinguishing it from an earlier artistic movement; the second addresses the political goals of both the revival and its forerunnerD. The first presents an apparently plausible account of the relationship between the revival and is forerunner, the second calls that account into questionE. The first is concerned with the artistic aims and ambitions behind the San Francisco murals; the second considers their political significance阅读-正文Passage 26Cuts that need to be held closed in order to heal properly have generally been held closed with stitches. However, pressure to reduce medical costs is mounting. Consequently, it is likely that a newly developed adhesive will become the routine method of holding most types of cuts closed. The new adhesive holds most types of cuts closed as well as stitches do, and the cost of applying it is comparable to that of closing cuts with stitches. But whereas stitches must generally be removed by medical personnel after the cut has healed, the adhesive simply wears off. Thus, for any cut that the adhesive can hold closed as well as stitches can, it is more economical to use the adhesive.阅读-选项passage 261.In the argument given, the two highlighted portions play which of the following roles?A. The first is a claim that the argument disputes; the second provides evidence against that disputed claim.B. The first is a claim that is used as supporting evidence for the main conclusion of the argument; the second is that main conclusion.C. The first is a claim that is used as supporting evidence for the main conclusion of the argument; the second is a conclusion that is drawn in order to support that main conclusion.D. The first introduces a practice about which the argument makes a prediction, the second is a conclusion based on that prediction.E. The first introduces a practice about which the argument makes a prediction; the second is an assessment that is used to support that prediction.阅读-正文Passage 142Many theorists now doubt that heat loss from Earth’s core and radioactive decay are sufficient by themselves to produce all the energy driving the tectonic plates whose movements have helped shaped Earth’s surface. This leaves a loose end in current geological theory. Herbert Shaw argues that because scientists have underestimated the input of substantial amounts of energy from extraterrestrial impactors (asteroids and comets striking Earth), they have difficulty accounting for the difference between the quantity of energy produced from sources intrinsic to Earth and that involved in plate tectonics. Whereas most geologists have treated the addition of energy through the bombardment of Earth’s surface by such impactors as a process separate and independent from the movement of Earth’s tectonic plates, Shaw asserts that these processes are indivisible. Shaw’s revolutionary “op en-system” view recognizes a continuum between terrestrial and extraterrestrial dynamics, whereas modern plate tectonic theory, like the classical geology developed duringthe nineteenth century, is founded on the view that Earth’s geological features have changed through gradual, regular processes intrinsic to Earth, without reference to unique catastrophic events. Classical geology borrowed a decisive, if unspoken, premise from Newton—the independence of Earth’s processes from any astronomical context.阅读-选项passage 1421.The author’s primary purpose is toA. identify the influences informing a particular geological theory about the processes that have shaped Earth’s surfaceB. identify differences between two views of the extraterrestrial impactors and argue that the phenomenon has influenced the development of plate tectonic theoryC. argue that an explanation is based on a dubious evidence and propose an alternative explanationD. discuss an explanation and place that explanation under theoretical contextE. suggest that apparent discrepancy poses a serious problem for a particular theory that many have believed2.The author of the passage mentions the “continuum” in order toA. point out a relationship between plate tectonics and the nineteenth-century geologyB. explain how a theory of Newton’s could influence geology and plate tectonic theory.C. distinguish between two sources of energy that contributed to the development of Earth’s surface.D. point out a similarity between the surface of impactors and the surface of Earth.E. identify a feature of Shaw’s view that deviates from current scientific theories.3.The passage suggests which of the following about tectonic theory?A. It has led scientists to overlook an important contribution to classical geologists from Newton.B. It has been more successful than was classical geology in accounting for heat loss from Earth’s core.C. It is based on premise about Earth’s processes discerned in Newton’s thought.D. It has correctly explained the effects of ex traterrestrial impactors on Earth’s surface.E. It corrects a fundamental flaw in classical geology.阅读-正文Passage 195Wild Diana monkeys are preyed upon by leopards and chimpanzees. These two predators differ in their hunting tactics and Diana monkeys use two distinct antipredator strategies to defend themselves. After detecting a leopard, Diana monkeys respond by giving loud, conspicuous alarm calls that function both to warn others and to signal to the predator that it has been detected. Leopards tend to leave the area once they have been discovered. In contrast, upon detecting a chimpanzee, male Diana monkeys do not vocalize at all, while females give only a few quiet alarm calls and flee quickly to hide in the forest canopy, chimpanzees have sophisticated climbing skills that would allow them to pursue monkeys, even in the high strata of the forest canopy.Choosing an antipredator strategy appropriate to chimpanzees is complicated for Diana monkeys by the fact that chimpanzees themselves also fall prey to leopards. When encountering a leopard, chimpanzees give loud, conspicuous alarm calls. To escape successfully from leopards and chimpanzees, therefore, Diana monkeys must distinguish between, and respond differently to, chimpanzees alarm calls and chimpanzee vocalizations simply signal the presence of a leopard and should elicit the monkeys’ loud, conspicuous alarm calls.To investigate Diana monkeys’ understanding of such cause-effect relationships involving predators, Zuberbuhler examined the monkeys’ r esponses to chimpanzee vocalizations in two different types of experiments. In the first, he played tape recording of either chimpanzees’ alarm calls or their social vocalizations and noted the monkeys’ responses. Diana monkeys differed in their response to chimpanzees’ alarm calls. In some groups, monkeys behaved as if they recognized that these alarm calls signaled the potential presence of a leopard: they responded to chimpanzees’ leopard alarm calls by giving leopard alarm calls themselves, in contrast to their normal response to the presence of chimpanzees. Groups of monkeys living in the core area of the resident chimpanzee community were more likely to behave in this way than were peripheral groups.In the second set of experiments, Zuberbuhler played leopard growls to Diana monkeys shortly after exposing them to recording of either chimpanzees’ alarm calls or their social vocalizations. After first hearing chimpanzees’ alarm calls, some monkeys failed to respond to the subsequent recording of leopard growls, even though this stimulus normally elicited a strong vocal response. These monkeysbehaved exactly like the Diana monkeys in a comparison group, who also gave many leopard alarm calls to an initial recording of leopard growls but no longer called to the second recording of leopard growls five minutes later. This similarity in behavior suggests that these monkeys had some knowledge of the causal factors underlying the production of chimpanzees’ alarm calls.阅读-选项passage 1951.According to the passage, the behavior of male and female Diana monkeys differs in that female Diana monkeysA. give alarm calls upon detecting a chimpanzeeB. hide in the forest canopy upon detecting a leopardC. give loud alarm calls in response to chimpanzees’ alarm callsD. give loud, conspicuous alarm calls upon detecting a leopardE. respond differently to the presence of leopards than they do to the presence of chimpanzees2.It can be inferred that the purpose of the highlighted “loud, conspicuous alarm calls” is in part toA. cause the chimpanzees to leave the areasB. warn other monkeys of the presence of the chimpanzeesC. enable chimpanzees to flee quietly from the leopardD. signal to the chimpanzees that they have been detectedE. signal to the leopard that it has been detected by the monkeys3.The author mentions the “sophisticated climbing skills” of chimpanzees most likely in order to present information that helps toA. explain why chimpanzees are less vulnerable to predation by leopards than are Diana monkeysB. question the hypothesis that Diana monkeys hide in the forest canopy to defend themselves from chimpanzeesC. argue that the antipredator strategies Diana monkeys use to defend themselves against chimpanzeesD. suggest a possible reason for chimpanzees’ and Diana monkeys’ use of similar antipredator strategies to defend themselves against leopards阅读-正文Passage 59Recent studies of ancient Maya water management have found that the urban architecture of some cities was used to divert rainfall runoff into gravity-fed systems of interconnected reservoirs. In the central and southern May Lowlands, this kind of water control was necessary to support large populations throughout the year due to the scarcity of perennial surface water and the seasonal availability of rainfall. Some scholars argue that the concentration of water within the urban core of these sites provided a centralized source of political authority for Maya elites based largely on controlled water access. Such an argument is plausible, however, it is less useful for understanding the sociopolitical implications of water use and control in other, water-rich parts of the Maya region.阅读-选项passage 591.The author of the passage implies which of the following about the political importance of the type of urban water management system described in the passage?A. Because the system was centralized, it allowed political control over a widely scattered population.B. The knowledge required to design and maintain the system became the pretext for Maya elites’ political authority.C. By selectively limiting access to water, Maya elites used the system to curb challenges to their authorityD. The system is not sufficient to explain the sources of centralized political power in all parts of the Maya regionE. The system’s continued maintenance required political authorities to exert control over an increasing proportion of economic resources.Consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.2.According to the passage, which of the following is true of the water management systems in the central and southern Maya Lowlands?A. They were implemented in part because of the prevailing pattern of rainfall.B. They were an integral part of lowland cities’ architecture.C. They were needed because of insufficient resources such as ponds, rivers and lakes in the lowlands.阅读-正文Passage 48When studying shrimp feeding from hydro-thermal vents at the bottom of the ocean, biologists were surprised that the shrimps’ reproductive cycles followed seasonal patterns. Far beyond the reach of sunlight, and with food abundant around the vents all year round, why should such animals reproduce seasonally? The answer might involve their offspring, which in their larval form drift in the currents to colonize new vents. The larvae must feed during their trip, and their springtime release coincides with a peak in algae raining down from surface waters. So far, researchers have found no evidence of seasonal breeding among vent-dwelling species that provide their offspring with yolk to sustain them or amongvent-dwelling species found in areas of the ocean with not seasonal algae blooms.阅读-选项Passage 481.Which of the following best describes the function of the highlighted sentence?A. It casts doubt on the accuracy of earlier observations of seasonal breeding among shrimp species living near hydro-thermal vents.B. It undermines the explanation proposed for seasonal breeding among some shrimp species living near hydro-thermal vents.C. It suggests that alternative theories are needed to explain seasonal breeding among shrimp species living near hydro-thermal vents.D. It describes the survival benefits to shrimp of mating in parts of the ocean where algae blooms rain down abundantly.E. It supports the explanation proffered for the seasonal breeding observed among some shrimp species living near hydro-thermal vents.Passage 17Early naturalists believed two species of beaver lived in North America: dam beavers and bank beavers. The bank species was thought to resemble the muskrat in behavior, living in burrows or lodges and unable to build dams. In fact, dams are primarily a strategy for dealing with annual variations in water levels. If water levels fall in summer, as they do in most of North America, then beavers lodge entrances may be exposed. With stabilized water levels, their homes are much safer. Along deep rivers, where bank beavers are found, this problem seldom arises. But these beavers do know how to build dams, and do so if the need arises, as may occur if they are forced to relocate after felling and consuming all nearby trees.阅读-选项Passage 171.The passage provides support for which of the following statements about beaver dams?A. One important function of these dams is to protect beavers homes.B. Most are built prior to burrow construction.C. They are found mostly along deep rivers.D. They are routinely abandoned as nearby forests are depleted.E. They mainly protect beavers from rising water levels.2.The passage implies which of the following about beavers?A. Bank beavers are unable to successfully compete with dam beavers when resources become scarce.B. Differences in dam-building behavior among beavers do not necessarily imply multiple beaver species.C. Building dams eventually causes beavers to deplete nearby resources.D. When conditions permit, beavers are more likely to build dams than burrows or lodges.E. In beavers, dam-building is an acquired rather than an innate skill.Passage 161Although initially symptomless, glaucoma can eventually cause blindness when not properly treated. Tests under laboratory conditions of the traditional treatment, daily administration of eyedrops, show it to be as effective in relieving the internal ocular pressure that causes glaucoma as is a new laser-surgical procedure. Yet glaucoma-related blindness occurs in a significantly smaller percentage of patients who have had the surgery than of patients for whom only the eyedrop treatment was prescribed.阅读-选项Passage 1611.Which of following, if true, most helps to explain the low rateglaucoma-related blindness among patients who had the surgery?A. Glaucoma-related blindness is no more common among patients who have had only the surgery than it is among patients who had the surgery after using the eyedropsB. Doctors rarely recommend the surgery for glaucoma patients who have already started the traditional course of treatmentC. There is no known physiological cause of glaucoma other than increase in pressure inside the eyeD. A significant percentage of the people for whom the eyedrop treatment has been prescribed fail to follow the prescribed daily regimen, because the eyedrops have unpleasant side effects.E. The eyedrops traditionally prescribed to treat glaucoma are normally prescribed to treat other disease of the eye.阅读-正文Passage 139Analyzing levels of proportional representation of American Indians in state and local government jobs is important for several reasons. First, the basic idea underlying the theory of representative bureaucracy is that the demographic composition of bureaucracy should mirror the demographic composition of the general public. This is because in addition to its symbolic value, increased access to managerial position may lead to greater responsiveness on the part of policy makersto the policy interests of traditionally disadvantaged groups such as American Indians. Second, the focus on higher level jobs in bureaucracies (as opposed tonon-managerial positions) is especially important because managerial positions represent a major source of economic progress for members of traditionally disadvantaged groups, as these jobs confer good salaries, benefits, status, security, and mobility. Third, it is important to know if there has been growth in the American Indian share of more desirable public sector positions over the last two decades. For instance, Peterson and Duncan argue that the population and power of American Indians have been growing in certain states. Peterson and Duncan also suggest that this growth may reflect the possibility that American Indian population are becoming more active in nontraditional areas of politics, assimilating into mainstream culture, and securing with greater frequency leadership positions in non-tribal government.阅读-选项Passage 1391.The primary purpose of the passage is toA. summarize a demographic trend over timeB. present findings on a demographic groupC. analyze the demographic composition of a type of jobD. explain the need for particular social researchE. argue for the implementation of a social policy2.Which of the following best describes the function of the highlighted sentence in the context of the passage as whole?A. It hypothesizes a phenomenon that might explain a point made in the preceding sentence.B. It provides evidence that undermines that assertion made in the first sentence.C. It offers a projection regarding the development of a trend mentioned earlier in the passage.D. It presents an interpretation of a discrepancy noted earlier in the passage.E. It proposed an implementation of a policy mentioned in the preceding sentence.。

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2019年GRE填空练习题1
There are no solitary, free-living creatures; every form of life
is______other forms.
(A) segregated from
(B) parallel to
(C) dependent on
(D) overshadowed by
(E) mimicked by
翻译：不存有单独的，自由生活的生物;每一种生命形式总是依赖于其他生命形式。

(A)从……中隔离
(B)和……并行
(C)依赖……
(D)被……遮蔽/超过
(E)被……模仿
As for the alleged value of expert opinion, one need only______ government
records to see______evidence of the failure of such opinions in many fields.
(A) inspect … questionable
(B) retain … circumstantial
(C) distribute … possible
(D) consult … strong
(E) evaluate … problematic
翻译：谈到所谓专家意见的价值时，人们仅仅需要查询政府的档案就能发现这些观点在很多领域失败的强有力的证据。

(A)检查……可疑的
(B)保持……依据情况的
(C)分布……可能的
(D)参考，考虑……有力的
(E)评价……有问题的
Noting that few employees showed any______ for complying with the
corporation's new safety regulations, Peterson was forced to conclude that
acceptance of the regulations would be----______, at best.
(A) aptitude … unavoidable
(B) regard … indeterminate
(C) respect … negotiable
(D) patience … imminent
(E) enthusiasm … grudging
翻译：注意到几乎没有员工对执行公司新的安全制度表现出一点热情，Peterson不得不得出结论：大家对于这个制度最多仅仅勉强接受
(A)天赋，适当……不可避免的
(B)关心，尊重……不能决定的
(C)尊重……可通过谈判解决的
(D)耐心……即将到来的
(E)狂热，热情……勉强的，不情愿的
Yellow fever, the disease that killed 4,000 Philadelphians in 1793, and so
______ Memphis, Tennessee, that the city lost its charter, has reappeared after
nearly two decades in ______ in the Western Hemisphere.
(A) terrorized … contention
(B) ravaged … secret
(C) disabled … quarantine
(D) corrupted … quiescence
(E) decimated … abeyance
翻译：黄热病，这种疾病在1793年导致了4000费城人死亡，同时因为导致了田纳西州的孟斐斯市人口大量死亡而使这个城市失去了它的自治市资格，在消失了20年后在西半球重新出现。

(A)被恐吓……争论，争辩
(B)被破坏……秘密
(C)被禁止……检疫，隔离
(D)腐败，堕落……静止，不出现。