西南交通大学2007年秋季考博英语试卷1
2007-模拟-上海交大考博英语真题
2007-模拟-上海交⼤考博英语真题上海交通⼤学2007年博⼠研究⽣⼊学考试英语试题Part One Vocabulary (20%)Directions: In each question,decide which of the four choices given will most suitabley complete sentence if inserted at the place marked . white your answer on the Answer Sheet.1. We sat down and tried to ______ a friendly conversation.A. commentB. commenceC. commerceD. compact2. Some people want only real flowers on their tables while others like to have______ ones.A. fashionableB. syntheticC. falseD. artificial3. The treasurer was ______ from the club for breaking the rules.A. repelledB. expelledC. excelledD. exploited4. The children's ______ natures were in sharp contrast to the even-tempered dispositions of their parents.A. mercurialB. blitheC. phlegmaticD. introverted5. If the government ______ a law, it ceases to be a law.A. replacesB. repelsC. repealsD. renders6.Because the high seriousness of their narratives resulted in part from their metaphysics, Southern writers were praised for their ______bent.A. technicalB. discursiveC. hedonisticD. philosophical7. A man’s ______ depends not upon his wealth or rank but upon his character.A. dignityB. privilegeC. indignationD. diligence8. I ______ the paper so that every student could have a copy.A. duplicatedB. enlargedC. upheldD. plagiarized9. My Russian is so rusty that I have to start learning it from ______.A. scratchB. scrapC. scrapeD. snatch10. Those who fear the influence of television deliberately______its persuasive power,hoping that they might keep knowledge of its potential to effect social change from being widely disseminated.A. promoteB. underplayC. excuseD. laud11 . When the fighting is over, we will ______ with the enemy’s sympathizer.A. coincideB. reckonC. reconcileD. segregate12. I ______ from reminding her of the money she owned me.A. refrainedB. restrainedC. refreshedD. resided13. There was a period of ______ prior to their divorce, during which she went for atrip around the world and he stayed at home.A.estrangementstrangeness B.C. transmigrationD. frivolity14. Before taking a standardized test, one should ___ himself or herself with all the items that constitute the test paper.A. acquaintB. fascinateC. acquitD. familiar15. This week ten top designers will _____ their autumn collections at the fashion fair.A .enhance B. lubricateC. hustleD. unveil16. Mr. Smith became very ______ when it was suggested that he had made a mistake.A. ingeniousB. empiricalC. objectiveD. indignant17. Jane tried to ______ at the swinging rope, but failed.A. clusterB. clutchC. collideD. cling18. Despite a string of dismal earnings reports, the two-year-old strategy to return the company to profitability is beginning to ______.A. falterB. disappointC. competeD. work19. The elderly Russians find it hard to live on their state ______.A. pensionsC. salariesD. donations20. There is supposed to be a safety ______ which makes it impossible for trains to collide.A. applianceB. accessoryC. machineD. mechanism21. The electricity failure ______ the production of the factory.A. corrodedB. lamedC. magnifiedD. crippled22. The _____ runner can run 2 miles in fifteen minutesA. commonB. usualC. averageD. general23. If his father could not keep up the payments on the mortgage, his uncle might____ it for him.A. redeemB. amendsC: resemble D. appeal24. Although the meanings of words may necessarily be liable to change, it does notfollow that the lexicographer is therefore unable to render spelling, in a great measure, _____A. arbitraryB. superfluousC. interestingD. constant25. The needlelike leaves of the giant redwood tree are_____ each scarcely a quarterof an inch longA. tangibleB. diminutiveC. wiry26. The American dream is most _____ during the periods of productivity and wealth generated by American capitalismA. plausibleB. patrioticC. primitiveD. partial27. When traveling, you are advised to take travellers' checks, which provide a secure _______to carrying your money in cash.A. substituteB.selectionC. preferenceD. alternative28. I never trusted him because I always thought of him as such a ________character.A.graciousB. suspiciousC. uniqueD.particular29. Changing from solid to liquid, water takes in heat from all substances near it, and this _______produces artificial cold surrounding it.A. absorptionB. transitionC. consumptionD. interaction30. The lover of democracy has an ________ towards total itarianism.A. empathy C. sympathyB. antipalthy D. symphony31. In this factory, suggestions often have to wait for months before they are fully________.A. admitted C.absorbedB.acknowledged D.considered32. The world will be advancing with such great speed that our ___ will look back upon us and our time with a sense of superiority.A. antecedentsB. predecessorsC. descendantsD. contemporaries33. Depressed, overworked, and ______ by those people whom he owed money, he decided to put an end to his problems.A. bewitched B .bewilderedC .besmirchedD .beset34. The terrible accounting error was corrected just before the ledger was ______ .A. auditedB. overlookedC. endowedD. registered35. The chairman of the board _______ on me the unpleasant job of dismissing good workers the firm can no longer afford to employ./doc/ee59ac49e45c3b3567ec8b3c.html pelledB. posedC. pressedD. tempted36. Using extremely different decorating schemes in adjoining rooms may result in _____ and lack of unity in style.A. conflictB.confrontationC. disturbanceD.disharmony37. They were in a dreadful _____ when their money, tickets and passports were stolen while they were on holiday.A. conspiracyB. plightC. serenityD. custody38. Undoubtedly the flood could have been _____ if the local government had invested more money in greening the environment.A. put offB. turned offC. kept off D . written off39. The accountant _____ thousands of dollars from the charity while appearing to beits best fundraiser.A. donatedB. validatedC . embezzled D. certify40. After her marriage, the happy life ___ her appearance, making her look more beautiful than ever.A. transfiguredB. disfigureddisheveled D.transformedC.Part Two: Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions: There are 6 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by five questions .For each of them are four choices marked A,B,C and D.You should decideon the best choice and write your answer on the Answer Sheet.Text 1In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide acts rather like a one-way mirror —the glass in the roof of a greenhouse which allows the sun’s rays to enter but prevents the heat from escaping.According to a weather expert’s prediction, the atmosphere will be 3℃ warmer in the year 2050 than it is today, if man continues to burn fuels at the present rate. If this warming up took place, the ice caps in the poles would begin to melt, thus raising sea level several metres and severely flooding coastal cities. Also, the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to great changes in the climate of the northern hemisphere, possibly resulting in an alteration of earth’s chief food-growing zones.In the past, concern about a man-made warming of the earth has concentrated on the Arctic because the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet. But the weather experts are now paying more attention to West Antarctic, which may be affected by only a few degrees of warming, in other words, by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fifty years from the burning of fuels.Satellite pictures show that large areas of Antarctic ice are already disappearing. The evidence available suggests that a warming has taken place. This fits the theory that carbon dioxide warms the earth.However, most of the fuel is burnt in the northern hemisphere, where temperatures seem to be falling. Scientists conclude, therefore, that up to now natural influences on the weather have exceeded those caused by man. The question is: Which natural cause has most effect on the weather?One possibility is the variable behavior of the sun. Astronomers at one research station have studied the hot spots and “cold”spots (that is, the relatively less hot spots) on the sun. As the sun rotates, every 27.5 days, it presents hotter or “colder” faces to the earth, and different aspects to different parts of the earth. This seems to have a considerable effect on the distribution of the earth’s atmospheric pressure, and consequently on wind circulation. The sun is also variable over a long term: its heat output goes up and down in cycles, the latest trend being downward.Scientists are now finding mutual relations between models of solar-weather interactions and the actual climate over many thousands of years, including the last Ice Age. The problem is that the models are predicting that the world should be entering a new Ice Age and it is not. One way of solving this theoretical difficulty is to assume a delay of thousands of years while the solar effects overcome the inertia of the earth’s climate. If this is right, the warming effect of carbon dioxide might thus be serving as a useful counter-balance to the sun’s diminishing heat.41. It can be concluded that a concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would ________.[A] prevent the sun’s rays from leeching the earth’s surface[B] mean a warming up in the Arctic[C] account for great changes in the climate in the northern hemisphere[D] raise the temperature of the earth’s surface42. The article was written to explain ________.[A] the greenhouse effect[B] the solar effects on the earth[C] the models of solar-weather interactions[D] the causes affecting weather43. Although the fuel consumption is greater in the northern hemisphere, temperatures there seem to be falling. This is________.[A] mainly because the levels of carbon dioxide are rising[B] possibly because the ice caps in the poles are melting[C] exclusively due to the effect of the inertia of the earth’s climate[D] partly due to variations in the output of solar energy44. On the basis of their models, scientists are of the opinion that ________.[A] the climate of the world should be becoming cooler[B] it will take thousands of years for the inertia of the earth’s climate to take effect[C] the man-made warming effect helps to increase the solar effects[D] the new Ice Age will be delayed by the greenhouse effect45. If the assumption about the delay of a new Ice Age is correct, ________.[A] the best way to overcome the cooling effect would be to burn more fuels[B] ice would soon cover the northern hemisphere[C] the increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere could warm up the eartheven more quickly[D] the greenhouse effect could work to the advantage of the earthTest 2In early 2004 eight tiny sensors were dropped from a plane near a military base in California. After hitting the ground, the sensors—also known as smart dust sensors—organized themselves into a network and quickly detected a fleet of military vehicles on the ground. The determined the direction, speed and size of a series of military vehicles traveling along the road and later transmitted the data to a computer at a nearby base camp.Smart dust sensors are minicomputers—as small as a grain of rice in some cases—that can monitor and evaluate their physical environment and can relay the information via wireless communication. They can monitor elements such as temperature, moisture, humidity, pressure, energy use, vibration, light, motion, radiation, gas, and chemicals. These devices will soon have many applications, such as use in emergency rescue.Software has been developed to run these minicomputers. A key feature of the software is the ability of the sensors to automatically organize themselves into a communications network and talk to each other via wireless radio signals. If any one connection is interrupted, the sensors will self-correct and pass the information on to the next available sensor.Each sensor has a chip that does the computing work—recording things like temperature and motion at its location. Each sensor also has a tiny radio transmitterthat allows it to talk to other sensors within 100 feet or so. With a single network of 10,000 sensors—thought to be the biggestarray of sensors currently possible—you could cover 9 square miles and get information about each point along the way. The data finally works its way to a base station that can send the information to a computer or to a wireless network..The scientists who are working with this technology say smart dust sensors can be used to detect the location or movement of enemy troops in areas too dangerous or remote for soldiers to operate. Scattering hundreds of self-networking sensors from a manned or unmanned plane onto the battlefield, in theory, could produce critical information and lead to strategic advantage. Sensors could also be used to detect the presence of chemical weapons and could give troops the time needed to put on protective gear.46. Smart dust sensors can do all the following EXCEPT ______.[A] giving troops their protective gear[B] organizing themselves into a computer network[C] detecting the movement of military vehicles nearby[D] operating in remote and dangerous war zones47. By “physical environment” (Paragraph 2), the writer means such elements as ______.[A] the position of military troops[B] the presence of minicomputers[C] the strength of radio signals[D] the amount of water vapor in the air48. If connection between two sensors is blocked, the network will automatically ______.[A] replace the sensor involved[B] repair the sensor involved[C] ignore the sensor involved[D] destroy the sensor involved49. To cover an area of 3 square miles and get information about each point along the way, how many smart dust sensors are needed?[A] About 3,000 sensors.[B] About 3,300 sensors.[C] About 5,000 sensors.[D] About 6,600 sensors.50. The passage implies that the smart dust sensors are most likely to be_____.[A] emergency rescue[B] monitoring pollution[C] military operations[D] evaluating the environmentTest 3In ancient Greece athletic festivals were very important and had strong religious associations. The Olympian athletic festival held every four years in honor of Zeus, king of the Olympian Gods, eventually lost its local character, became first a national event and then, after the rules against foreign competitors had been abolished, international. No one knows exactly how far back the Olympic Games go, but some official records date from 776 B.C. The games took place in August on the plain by Mount Olympus. Many thousands of spectators gathered from all parts of Greece, but no married woman was admitted even as a spectator. Slaves, women and dishonored persons were not allowed to compete. The exact sequence of eventsuncertain, but events included boy’s gymnastics, boxing, wrestling, horse racing and field events, though there were fewer sports involved than in the modern Olympic Games.On the last day of the Games, all the winners were honored by having a ring of holy olive leaves placed on their heads. So great was the honor that the winner of the foot race gave his name to the year of his victory. Although Olympic winners received no prize money, they were, in fact, richly rewarded by their state authorities. How their results compared with modern standards, we unfortunately have no means of telling.After an uninterrupted history of almost 1,200 years, the Games were suspended by the Romans in 394 A.D. They continued for such a long time because people believed in the philosophy behind the Olympics: the idea that a healthy body produced a healthy mind, and that the spirit of competition in sports and games was preferable to the competition that caused wars. It was over 1,500 years before another such international athletic gathering took place in Athens in 1896.Nowadays, the Games are held in different countries in turn. The host country provides vast facilities, including a stadium, swimming pools and living accommodation, but competing courtiers pay their own athletes’ expenses.The Olympics start with the arrival in the stadium of a torch, lighted on Mount Olympus by the sun’s rays. It is carried by a succession of runners to the stadium. The torch symbolized the continuation of the ancient Greek athletic ideals, and it burns throughout the Games until the closing ceremony. The well-known Olympic flag, however, is a modern conception: the five interlocking rings symbolize the uniting of all five continents participating in the Games.51. In ancient Greece, the Olympic Games ________.[A] were merely national athletic festivals[B] were in the nature of a national event with a strong religious colour[C] had rules which put foreign participants in a disadvantageous position[D] were primarily national events with few foreign participants52. In the early days of ancient Olympic Games ________.[A] only male Greek athletes were allowed to participate in the games[B] all Greeks, irrespective of sex, religion or social status, were allowed to take part[C] all Greeks, with the exception of women, were allowed to compete in Games[D] all male Greeks were qualified to compete in the Games53. The order of athletic events at the ancient Olympics ________.[A] has not definitely been established[B] varied according to the number of foreign competitors[C] was decided by Zeus, in whose honor the Games were held[D] was considered unimportant54. Modern athletes’ results cannot be compared with those of ancient runners because ________.[A] the Greeks had no means of recording the results[B] they are much better[C] details such as the time were not recorded in the past[D] they are much worse55. Nowadays, the athletes’ expenses are paid for ________.[A] out of the prize money of the winners[B] out of the funds raised by the competing nations[C] by the athletes themselves[D] by contributionsTest 4When a Scottish research team startled the world by revealing 3 months ago that it had cloned an adult sheep, President Clinton moved swiftly. Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment -- although no one had proposed to do so -- and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning. That group -- the National Bioethics Advisory Commission (NBAC) -- has been working feverishly to put its wisdom on paper, and at a meeting on 17 May, members agreed on a near-final draft of their recommendations.NBAC will ask that Clinton’s 90-day ban on federal funds for human cloning be extended indefinitely, and possibly that it be made law. But NBAC members are planning to word the recommendation narrowly to avoid new restrictions on research that involves the cloning of human DNA or cells -- routine in molecular biology. The panel has not yet reached agreement on a crucial question, however, whether to recommend legislation that would make it a crime for private funding to be used for human cloning.In a draft preface to the recommendations, discussed at the 17 May meeting, Shapiro suggested that the panel had found a broad consensus that it would be “morally unacceptable to attempt to create a human child by adult nuclear cloning.” Shapiro explained during the meeting that the moral doubt stems mainly from fears about the risk to the health of the child. The panel then informally accepted several general conclusions, although some details have not been settled.NBAC plans to call for a continued ban on federal government funding for anyattempt to clone body cell nuclei to create a child. Because current federal law already forbids the use of federal funds to create embryos (the earliest stage of human offspring before birth) for research or to knowingly endanger an embryo’s life, NBAC will remain silent on embryo research. NBAC members also indicated that they will appeal to privately funded researchers and clinics not to try to clone humans by body cell nuclear transfer. But they were divided on whether to go further by calling for a federal law that would impose a complete ban on human cloning. Shapiro and most members favored an appeal for such legislation, but in a phone interview, he said this issue was still “up in the air.”56. What is the meaning of “startle” in the first line ?[A] begin[B] shock[C] delight[D] uneasy57. We can learn from the first paragraph that ________.[A] federal funds have been used in a project to clone humans[B] the White House responded strongly to the news of cloning[C] NBAC was authorized to control the misuse of cloning technique[D] the White House has got the panel’s recommendations on cloning58.The panel agreed on all of the following except that ________.[A] the ban on federal funds for human cloning should be made a law[B] the cloning of human DNA is not to be put under more control[C] it is criminal to use private funding for human cloning[D] it would be against ethical values to clone a human being59.NBAC will leave the issue of embryo research undiscussed because ________.[A] embryo research is just a current development of cloning[B] the health of the child is not the main concern of embryo research[C] an embryo’s life will not be endangered in embryo research[D] the issue is explicitly stated and settled in the law60.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ________.[A] some NBAC members hesitate to ban human cloning completely[B] a law banning human cloning is to be passed in no time[C] privately funded researchers will respond positively to NBAC’s appeal[D] the issue of human cloning will soon be settledTest 5Our culture has caused most Americans to assume not only that our language is universal but that the gestures we use are understood by everyone. We do not realize that waving good-bye is the way to summon a person from the Philippines to one's side, or that in Italy and some Latin-American countries, curling the finger to oneself is a sign of farewell.Those private citizens who sent packages to our troops occupying Germany afterWorld War II and marked them GIFT to escape duty payments did not bother to find out that "Gift" means poison in German. Moreover, we like to think of ourselves as friendly, yet we prefer to be at least 3 feet or an arm's length away from others. Latins and Middle Easterners like to come closer and touch, which makes Americans uncomfortable.Our linguistic and cultural blindness and the casualness with which we take notice of the developed tastes, gestures, customs and languages of other countries, are losing us friends, business and respect in the world.Even here in the United States, we make few concessions to the needs of foreign visitors. There are no information signs in four languages on our public buildings or monuments; we do not have multilingual guided tours. Very few restaurant menus have translations, and multilingual waiters, bank clerks and policemen are rare. Our transportation systems have maps in English only and often we ourselves have difficulty understanding them.When we go abroad, we tend to cluster in hotels and restaurants where English is spoken. The attitudes and information we pick up are conditioned by those natives - usually the richer - who speak English. Our business dealings, as well as the nation's diplomacy, are conducted through interpreters.For many years, America and Americans could get by with cultural blindness and linguistic ignorance.After all ,America was the most powerful country of the free world, the distributor of needed funds and goods.But all that is past. American dollars no longer buy all good things, and we are slowly beginning to realize that our proper role in the world is changing. A 1979 Harris poll reported that 55 percent of Americans want this country to play a more significant role in world affairs; we want to have a hand in the important decisions of the next century, even though it may not always be the upper hand.61.It can be inferred that Americans being approached too closely by Middle Easterners would most probably_____.[A] stand still[B] jump aside[C] step forward[D] draw back62.The author gives many examples to criticize Americans for their _____.[A] cultural self-centeredness[B] casual manners[C] indifference towards foreign visitors[D] arrogance towards other cultures63.In countries other than their own most Americans, _____.[A] are isolated by the local people[B] are not well informed due to the language barrier[C] tend to get along well with the natives[D] need interpreters in hotels and restaurants64.According to the author, Americans' cultural blindness and linguistic ignorance will ___.[A] affect their image in the new era[B] cut themselves off from the outside world[C] limit their role in world affairs[D] weaken the position of the US dollar65.The author's intention in writing this article is to make Americans realize that _____.[A] it is dangerous to ignore their foreign friends[B] it is important to maintain their leading role in world affairs[C] it is necessary to use several languages in public places[D] it is time to get acquainted with other culturesTest 6The introduction of non-indigenous "exotic" species is now seen as a major threat to biodiversity. In 1825, a particularly vigorous female clone of itadori (called Japanese knotweed) was introduced into Holland and later distributed throughout Europe by the plant collector and nurseryman, von Seibold. British gardeners loved it and by 1886 it was even found growing on cinder tips in South Wales. By the turn of the century, the plant had colonized many other sites, and gardeners were advised against planting it in shrubberies. By 1994, it was almost everywhere — railways, riversides, hedgerows, cemeteries — swamping a wide range of habitats and displacing rare species. Botanists' fears that the plant is till spreading and may yet colonize other new habitats have generated recent attempts to eradicate it by mechanical and chemical methods, all in vain as yet.The evidence stacked against Japanese knotweed is damning. But there is a deep anxiety that behind the desire to correct human ecological cook-ups — often manifest as a passion to save endangered species and vulnerable ecosystems—is a thinly disguised xenophobia; that we are simply seeing yet another form of ecological imperialism which defines what is "natural" based on human preferences.But whatever our reaction to "problem" or alien species is, it must involve moral decisions. And who should make such decisions and to what degree they are accountable must also be up for review. The conclusions of scientists and other sections of society may differ vastly about what to do about the introduced animals and plants that have become a common feature of everyday life. For example, the scheme to control rabbits in Australia by deliberately spreading the disease myxomatosis was a success in that huge numbers of rabbits were wiped out for the greater good — the "health" of Australian ecosystems. But would inflicting such an horrifically slow agonizing death on sentient creatures win popular support if it were proposed today?Scientists of biodiversity are by their very nature concerned with the organization of species into systems and not necessarily with the interests and well-being of individual, particularly those that are seen as a threat to the maintenance of those systems. Yet there is a growing feeling for the democratization of decisions concerning nonhuman life. The movement towards environmental values must surely involve a movement away from imperialism and a search for a relationship with nature as it truly is, rather than as we would design it. Then, when our lawns have long disappeared, we may yet come to honor the humble dandelion.66. Botanists have generated attempts to remove the Japanese knotweed because _____.[A] it threatens the local biodiversity[B] it is regarded as exotic[C] it's so vigorous as to spread everywhere。
2007年全国医学博士外语统一考试
2007年全国医学博士外语统一考试听力真题Part I Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said. The question will be read only once. After you hear each question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.1. A. To do some experimentsB. To attend a class.C. To review his lesson.D. To take a test.2. A. In a hotel.B. In the hospital.C. In the prison.D. At the airport.3 A. He got an ulcer in his stomach.B. He got hurt in the soccer game.C. He will be discharged soon.D .He got his tumor removed4 A. She told a lie so as not to hurt Jimmy.B. She left because she had a headache.C. She hurt Jimmy by telling him a lie.D. She slept off her headache.5 A. His new car is not fast enough.B. His new car moves very fast.C. His new car is a real bargain.D. His new car is somewhat of a financial burden.6 A. Get more time to relax.B. Take some tranquilizers.C. Seek a second opinion.D. Avoid her responsibilities.7 A. He got a headache while establishing the institute.B .He had a hard time getting the institute started.C. Everything was OK at the beginning.D. It is impossible to open such an institute in Seoul.8 A. Excited.B. Frustrated.C. Annoyed.D. Relieved.9 A. Each class lasts an hour.B. The class is meeting in an hour and a half.C. The class meets four hours and an half per week.D. The class meets for half an hour three times a week.10 A. The woman was a good skier.B. The woman couldn‟t ski.C. The woman didn‟t intend to go skiing.D. The woman didn‟t like Swiss.11 A. She‟s an insurance agent.B. She‟s an insurance client.C. She…s a bank clerk.D. She‟s a driver.12 A. He tripped over some crutches.B. He had rheumatism in his legs.C. He sprained his foot.D. He broke his leg.13 A. The vacation is almost gone.B. The vacation has just started.C. They are prepared for the new semester.D. They can‟t wait for the new semester.14 A. She was knocked down by a feather.B. She is shamed of Larry.C. She was really surprised.D. She was proud of Larry.15 A. To visit his son.B. To perform an operation.C. To have an operation.D. To send his son for an operation.Section BDirections: In this section you will hear three passages. After each one, you will hear five questions. After each question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage One16 A. A pharmacist.B. A visitor.C. A physician.D. A dieter.17 A. Cough.B. Diarrhea.C. Headache.D. Stomach upset18 A. Pain-killers.B. Cough syrup.C. Antidiarrheas.D. Indigestion tablets.19 A. The cold weather.B. Tiredness caused by traveling.C. The strange food he had eaten.D. The greasy food he had eaten.20 A. Take the medicine from the woman.B. Go to see a specialist.C. Stop eating and drinking for a few days.D. Stay in bed for a couple of days.Passage Two21 A. Headaches.B. Insomnia.C. Respiratory problems.D. Digestive problems.22 A. On Monday in Edinburgh.B. On Wednesday in Edinburgh.C. On Monday at Staffordshire University.D. On Wednesday at Staffordshire University.23 A. 94.B. 41.C.130.D. 135.24 A. The subjects were asked to write of their free will.B. The subjects were asked to write in a systematic way.C. The subjects were asked to say how often they made entries.D. The subjects were asked if they had written down anything traumatic.25 A. The diarists who write of their free will.B. The diarists who were students at Staffordshire University.C. The diarists who had written about trauma.D. The non-diarists who were susceptible to headaches.Passage Three26 A. A brief history of British pubs.B. Beer—the British national drink.C. Various attempts made to curb drinking in British.D. The frustrating opening and closing hours of British pubs.27 A. As early as 659AD.B. After 659ADC. Before the Roman invasion.D. After the Roman invasion.28 A. To restrict drinking hours.B. To restrict travelers to certain drinks.C. To encourage the locals to drink in other towns.D. To encourage inns to lodge various kinds of people.29 A. People were better off.B. The government failed to persuade people from drinking.C. There appeared a new cheap drink.D. Drinkers had found various ways to get around the laws.30 A. The licensing hours have been extended.B. Old people are not allowed to drink in pubs.C. Children are not allowed yet to drink in pubs.D. Big changes have taken place in pubs.PartⅡVocabulary (10%)Section ADirections:In this section all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or pareses, marked A, B, C and D, are given beneath each of them. You are to choosethe word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Then, mark youranswer on the ANSWER SHEET.31. The doctor gave him an injection in order to _______ the pain.A. alleviateB. aggregateC. abolishD. allocate32. His broken arm healed will, but she died of the pneumonia which followed as a _______.A. complementB. complimentC. complexionD. complication33. Unfortunately, our vacation plans _____ on account of transport strikes.A. fell backB. fell throughC. fell uponD. fell to34. The ______ climate of Hawaii attracts visitors form all over the world every year.A. genialB. frigidC. genuineD. foul35. This is the ______ in which the organism lives most effectively.A. optimumB. optionC. ordealD. orbit36. The doctor suggests that a good holiday in the country should ____ him nicely after his operation.A. set…offB. set …upC. set…offD. set…aside37. His behavior was so ______ that even the merciful people could not forgive him.A. uniqueB. unconventionalC. brutalD. brilliant38. ______ to your present job until you can get a better one.A. Hang aboutB. Hang backC. Hang behindD. Hang on39. Suffering from his leg illness, Tom is very _______ nowadays.A. emaciatedB. eligibleC. elasticD. exceptional40. He saved some money for artistic _______ such as fine paintings.A. donationsB. profitsC. luxuriesD. luresSection BDirections: In this section each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined, beneath which are four words or phrases. Choose the word or phrase which wouldbest keep the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlinedpart. Then mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.41. It has been proved that the chemical is lethal to rats but safe for cattle.A. fatalB. reactiveC. uniqueD. vital42. To their surprise, she has been nominated as candidate for the Presidency.A. recognizedB. definedC. appointedD. promoted43. We cannot look down upon our opponent, who is an experienced swimmer.A. playerB. competitorC. refereeD. partner44. She is regarded as a good nurse in that she attends to patients without any complaint.A. sees throughB. looks overC. takes inD. cares for45. It is well known that the minimum penalty for this crime is 2 years‟ imprisonment.A. convictionB. spanC. mercyD. punishment46. The whole area of the national and local governments tried to wipe out rats to preventthe spread of disease.A. exterminateB. dominateC. determinateD. contaminate47. All the students are afraid of him since he is always severe with them.A. vigorousB. rigorousC. vigilantD. rigid48. The biggest engineering project that they undertook was encumbered by lack of funds.A canceled B. condensed C. hampered D. haunted49. In order to be a successful diplomat you must be enthusiastic and magnetic.A. arrogantB. industriousC. zealousD. attractive50. He is successful as a doctor because of this dynamic personality, he seems to have unlimited energy.A. meticulousB. vigorousC. aggressiveD. arbitraryPart III Cloze (10%)Directions: In this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks. For each blank, there are4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of yourchoice on the ANSWER SHEET.Many Canadians enjoy the luxury of a large amount of living space. Canada is vast, and the homes are large according to the standards of many counties. Even___51__inner cities do not reach the extremes found in other parts of world.Canadians appreciate the space and value their privacy. Since families are generally small, many Canadian children enjoy the luxury of their own bedroom. Having more than one bathroom in a house is also considered a modern __52__.Many rooms in Canadian homes have specialized functions. “Family rooms”are popular features in modern houses; these are __53__, “living rooms”since many living rooms have become reserved for entertaining. Some homes have formal and informal dining areas, __54__.Recreational homes are also popular__55___ Canadians. Some Canadians own summerhomes, cottages, or camps. These may __56__ from a small one-room cabin to a luxurious building that rivals the comforts of the regular residence. Some cottages are winterized for year-round use. Cottages offer people the chance to “get away from it all.” They are so popular that summer weekend traffic jams are common, especially in large cities such as Toronto, where the number of people leaving town on Friday night and returning Sunday might __57__the highways for hours.Sometimes, living in Canada means not only having privacy, but also being isolated. Mobility has become a part of modern life; people often do not live in one place long enough to __58__ to know their neighbors. Tenants live their own lives in their apartments or townhouses. Even in private residential areas, where there is some ___59___, neighborhood life is not as close-knit as it once was. There seems to be __60__ of a communal spirit. Life today is so hectic that there is often little time.51. A. spacious B. crowded C. remote D. deserted52. A. convenience B. comfort C. architecture D. taste53. A. in common B. in particular C. in chief D. in fact54. A. either B. as well C. in turn D. instead55. A. to B. in C. with D. for56. A. transform B. convert C. range D. shift57. A. blocks B. halts C. cuts off D. keeps off58. A. become B. come C. get D. grow59. A. stability B. mobility C. reality D. tranquility60. A. bit B. much C. more D. lessPart IV Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions: In this part there are six passages, each of which is followed by five questions. For each question there are four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneThe popular idea that classical music can improve your maths is falling form favor. New experiments have failed to support the widely publicized finding that Mozart’s music promotes mathematical thinking.Researchers reported six years age that listening to Mozart brings about short-term improvements in spatial-temporal reasoning, the type of thinking used in maths. Gordon Shaw of the University of California at Irvine and Frances Rauscher of the University of Wisconsin in Oshkosh had asked students to perform spatial tasks such as imagining how a piece of paper would look if it were folded and cut in a certain pattern.Some of the students then listened to a Mozart sonata and took the test again. The performance of the Mozart group improved, Shaw found. He reasoned that listening to Mozart increases the number of connections between neurons.But Kenneth Steele of Appalachian State University in North Carolina learnt that other studies failed to find this effect. He decided to repeat one of Shaw’s experiments to see for himself.Steele divided 125 students into three groups and tested their abilities to work out how to paper would look if cut and folded. One group listened to Mozart, another listened to a piece by Philip Glass and the third did not listen to anything. Then the students took the test again.No group showed any statistically significant improvement in their abilities. Steele concludes that the Mozart effect doesn’t exist. “It’s about as unproven and as unsupported as you can get.”he says.Shaw, however, defends his study. One reason he gives is that people who perform poorly in the initial test get the greatest boost from Mozart, but Steele didn’t separate his students into groups based on ability. “We’re still at the stage where it needs to be examined.”Shaw says. “I suspect that the more we understand the neurobiology, the more we’ll be able to design tests that give a robust effect.”61. It has been recently found out that _________A.Mozart had an aptitude of music because of his mathematical thinkingB.classical music cannot be expected to improve one’s mathC.the effects of music on health are widely recognizedD.music favors one’s mathematical thinking62. Which of the following pairs, according to the widely publicized finding, is connected?A.Paper cutting and spatial thinkingB.The nature of a task and the type of thinkingC.Classical music and mathematical performanceD.Mathematical thinking and spatial-temporal reasoning63. In Shaw’s test, the students would most probably_______A.draw the image of the cut paperB.improve their mathematical thinkingC.have the idea about classical music confirmedD.increase the number of neurons in their brains64. From Steele‟s experiment we say that_______.A.his hypothesis did not get proven and supportedB.it was much more complicated than Shaw’sC.the result were statistically significantD.Shaw’s results were not repeatable65. Shaw is critical of _________A.Steele‟s results presented at a wrong stageB.Steele‟s wrong selection of the testeesC.Steele‟s ignorance of neurobiologyD.Steele‟s test designPassage TwoLong-suffering couples take heart. There is a good reason for those endless arguments in the front of the car: men and women use different parts of the brain when they try to find their way around, suggesting that the strategies they use might also be completely different.Matthias Riepe and his colleagues at the University of Ulm in Germany asked 24 healthy volunteers---half of them men, half women---to find their way out of three virtual-reality mazes displayed on video goggles. Meanwhile, the researchers monitored the volunteers’brain activityusing a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanner. This showed that men and women called on strikingly different brain areas to complete the task. “I didn’t expect it to be so dramatic,”says Riepe.Previous students have been shown that woman rely manly on landmarks to find their way. Men use these cues too, but they also use geometric cues, such as the angle and shape of a wall or a corner. Such studies also suggest that men navigate their way out of unfamiliar spaces more quickly, as Riepe found in his study, too.Riepe discovered that both men and women used parts of the parietal cortex towards the top of the brain, the right side of the hippocampus and a few other well-established areas to find their way out. Neuroscientists think that the parietal regions help translate what the eyes see into information about where the body is in space, while the hippocampal region helps progress how objects are arranged.But other regions seemed to be exclusively male or female. The men engaged the left side of their hippocampus, which the researchers say could help with assessing geometry or remembering whether they have already visited a location. The women, by contrast, recruited their right frontal cortex. Riepe says this may indicate that they were using their “working memory”, trying to keep in mind the landmarks they had passed.“It fits very well with the animal studies,”says Riepe. He points out that there seem to be similar differences in rats. For example, damage to the frontal lobe will impair a female’s sense of direction, but not a male‟s.66. The studies on the driving issue have evolved__________A.from the car to the driverB.from the reality to the virtual -realityC.from the physical cues to the parts of the brainD.from the cues of navigation to the strategies of driving67. The different parts of the brain men and women use to find their way around, according to the passage, refer to________A.the left side of the hippocampus and the right frontal cortexB.the right and left side of their hippocampuses respectivelyC.the right and left hemisphere of their brains respectivelyD.the parietal cortex and the hippocampus as a whole68. The part of the brain women use may help explain why they____________.e geometric cues to navigateB.have a better memory than menC.rely mainly on landmarks to find their waysD.behave less aggressively than men in driving69. The reason for the differences in the sexes, according to Riepe, could be ___________A.the environmental factorB.the psychological factorC.the innate factorD.all of the above70. Which one of the following questions did the studies answer?A.How do women and men drive differently?B.How can we detect the brain activities during driving?C.Why do men and women argue over which route to take?D.Why does the damage to the frontal lobe impair the sense of direction?Passage ThreeWork has left you frazzled. Your legs ache when you get back from the gym…don’t pop those aspirins just yet. Think hot springs. Cranking up a hot tub and hopping in is a natural remedy that can provide significant relief from physical pain and stress.There are more than three million home spas in the U.S. today. There are numerous reasons spas have made the move from the decks of Hollywood producers to the back yards of middle America. Spas help reduce the effect of stress on your body, assist in muscle recovery after the stress of exercise, and help heal muscles near arthritic joints.There ate three elements to hydrotherapy that, in tandem, provide these healing effects on thebody: heat, buoyancy, and motion. When you exercise, your muscles develop thousands of microscopic tears which result in painful lactic acid build-up in the muscle tissue. Hydrotherapy’s motion and warmth cause blood vessels to dilate, lowering blood pressure and speeding the flow of oxygen, endorphins, and cell-repairing nutrients to injured muscles. Additionally, buoyancy of the water reduces the strain on your knees and joints which allow the surrounding muscles to relax. This can be of crucial help to arthritis sufferers, because when joints are inflamed, the surrounding muscles become tense to protect them. Relaxing in a spa then makes your muscles more limber and reduces the pain. Water’s healing potential has long been known.We don’t tend to associate intelligence with our bodies, yet as Thomas Edison said, “Great ideas originate in the muscles.”Radical psychoanalyst Wilhelm Reich believed that many of us inhibit or deny impulses, feelings, traumas, and stresses by tightening our muscles and creating a kind of “body armor.”He felt that as you cut off the source of pain, you also cut off the source of pleasure. By loosening body armor, by letting muscles relax, you can return to a feeling of flow and creativity.Few things can relax the body more than a home spa. And a relaxed body leads to a relaxed mind. There is no better place to start relaxing than an hour in your home hot springs.71. To begin with, what does the author insist we avoid doing?A.Undergoing physical pain and stress.B.Taking aspirin tablets.C.Going to the gym.D.Relaxing in a spa.72. What does the second sentence in the second paragraph implies?A.The origin of spas.B.The popularity of hot springs.C.The flux of people to mid America.D.The spas as a luxury only for the rich.73. After the stress of exercise, the injured muscles____A.will lead to arthritisB.contain plenty of microscopic tearsC.can cause blood pressure to declineD.will boost the production of cell-repairing nutrients74. The author contends that our creativity______A.can be enforced by the ‘body armor”B.does not occur in mind but in the musclesC.can be hampered with our muscles tightenedD.is good only when we are free of mental an d physical stress75. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A.Spas, the Best RelaxationB.A Brief History of Spas.C.Spa Resorts in the USAD.Soak Away StressPassage FourConvincing the public to follow health advice can be tough and time-consuming. This may be why changes to health messages are often fiercely resisted by those whose job is to get the advice across. So, for example, the suggestion that smokers who cannot quit should reduce their exposure to harm by switching to chewing tobacco met with extreme opposition.A still more ferocious debate is emerging over the health impact of sunshine. For the past 20years, advice on sunlight has come from dermatologists who rightly warn people to cover up when they venture outside for fear of developing skin cancer. But evidence from researchers in other fields now suggests that short periods in the sun without protection—sometimes as little as a few minutes a day---can prevent most other major forms of cancer.This surprising conclusion stems from findings that vitamin D. which is made by skin cells exposed to the sun’s ultraviolet rays, is a potent anti-cancer agent. The researchers who made thisdiscovery are eager to be heard. But their message is about as welcome as a bad rash, particularly in countries such as Australia and the US where fair-skinned immigrants living at Mediterranean latitudes have made skin cancer a huge problem.The American Academy of Dermatology argues that advocating one carcinogen---UV radiation----to protect against other forms of cancer is dangerous and misleading. If people need more vitamin D, they should take a multivitamin or drink milk fortified with it, says the academy. Unfortunately, the solution is not as simple as that. Critics also argue that the protective effect of sunlight is not yet proved. While this may be true, the evidence is very suggestive. The case is built on several studies that bring together cellular biology, biochemistry and epidemiology.And all the criticism of this theory counts for nothing if, as some of its advocates, suggest, the number of people dying for lack of sunlight is four times as high as those dying from skin cancer. At the same time, those advocates must not overstate their case. Everyone wants to save as many lives as they can.What we need now is for national medical research bodies and cancer research organizations to investigate the relative risks and benefits of sunshine. This will almost certainly mean more epidemiological work, which should start as soon as possible. As for the public: give them the facts, including risk estimates for short periods in the sun---and for covering up. It is patronizing( 施恩于人的) to assume that people cannot deal with complex messages.What we definitely do not want is a war of words between groups with polarized views, and no prospect of the issue being resolved. That way will only lead to confusion, distrust of doctors and more unnecessary deaths.76. According to the first two paragraphs, the problem seems to be that the public______A.cannot be reached by health messagesB.is torn between two health messagesC.never trust those health researchersD.are divided over health problems77. The recent opposition goes to __________A.the protective value of sunshineB.the cancer-causing effect of sunshineC.the debate over the health impact of sunshineD.the two controversial messages about skin cancer78. According to the critics, the health impact of sunshine_________A.will be epidemiologically provedB.is misleading the public altogetherC.merits a comprehensive investigationD.can be easily addressed with a simple solution79. The author implies that health messages should be made easy_______A.to debateB.to swallowC.to estimateD.to publicize80. As for the issue, the author suggests that the public_________A.decide on their own how much sunshine is too muchB.avoid unnecessary deaths due to complex messagesC.be provided with reliable and practicable messagesD.facilitate the understanding of health messagesPassage FiveI make my way down the three chilly blocks to an old diner on Commercial Street. I am meeting a new friend for lunch. I‟ve never been here before: this is not my part of town. And so I arrive early, to sit in an old wooden booth and learn what I can about the place.They call it Katie‟s kitchen. One hundred years ago, it was a bar. The barstools remain, but through community donations, it‟s now a respectable restaurant. The hostess, casher, and waiters are residents of a nearby hotel for the transient and unemployed and work here to gain dignity andjob skills. Both the hotel and restaurant are run by Sister L, a nun with a heart and a great deal of business sense.My new friend arrives. He works down the street, in a clinic for indigent(穷的)persons; he knows these people. The workers and many of the clients seem to know him too, for I see warmth and proud smiles on their faces as he greets them. Behind him, a few nameless souls wander in from the street in a swirl of December wind.I focus on our waitress. A pretty girl of perhaps 18 years, she is all smiles and grace. I wonder for a moment why she‟s here ---what her story is;what her dreams are; whether she is raising children on her own. But I cannot hold the thought, for she reminds me of another waitress at my favorite coffee shop---a college student with a bright future.Some time later, I finish my soup and sandwich---a good meal made better because of the smile of the girl who served it. I wipe my mouth and go to pay. Eight dollars and sixty-four cents, for two. To our embarrassment, my friend and I discover that neither of us has cash, and my credit card is not good here.We sheepishly approach Sister L, who smiles and takes my bill. “It’s okay.”she says. “We‟ ll buy your lunch. It‟ll be our pleasure.”Slowly, I leave the world of the diner. Back at the hospital where I work, my boss laments our financial woes. “We‟re really tight,”he says.”The executive committee tells me we may not even though money to build the new critical care wing this year.”He frowns, hesitates, then adds, “It‟s flu season, though, and perhaps by seeing patients in person rather than treating so many over the phone, we‟ll recoup some of our losses.”It‟s budget time, and I know that this means our gratis (免费的) fitness center memberships may be cancelled. We‟re in a tough bind.Three streets away, a tattered man in a throwaway overcoat sits shivering in the diner. Sister L slowly fills his cup full of hot coffee. Holding the cup with trembling hands, he stares deeply into its dark center. There is healing in its rising steam.81. The doctor in the story enters a restaurant which___________.A.has a one-hundred-year old barB.has won a reputation for its managementC.performs charities among the immigrants。
考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编30(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编30(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．Recent research into aging suggests that the body’s defense mechanisms may lose the ability to distinguish what is alien.(2003年春季电子科技大学考博试题) A．insaneB．infectiousC．foreignD．poisonous正确答案：C解析：本题中，alien的意思是“外来的，不同的”。
四个选项中，foreign的意思是“外国的，异质的”，如：a foreign object in the eye．(眼睛中的异物)。
insane 的意思是“患精神病的，极度愚蠢的”；infectious的意思是“有传染性的，易感染的”。
只有C项符合题意。
2．It is impossible to ______ whether she’ll be well enough to come home from the hospital next month.(2004年湖北省考博试题)A．foreseeB．inferC．fabricateD．inhibit正确答案：A解析：本题意为“很难预见她是否能在下个月出院回家”。
A项的“foresee 预见”符合题意。
其他三项“infer推论、推断；fabricate制作、装配，伪造；inhibit 禁止、约束”都不正确。
3．She said some bad things about me, but I have______her for that.A．releasedB．freedC．forgivenD．regretted正确答案：C解析：forgive vt．原谅，饶恕，宽恕。
西南交通大学2006—2007学年第(1)学期考试试卷
西南交通大学2006—2007学年第（1）学期考试试卷课程：英语ⅢA卷College English Test (BandⅢ)(CET 05-3F)(Form A)Class __________ Name _____________ Student Number _______Part I Listening Comprehension ( 35 %)Section A (15%)Directions:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.1. A. She will turn off her recorder.B. She is not responsible for the noise.C. She will do something about the noise.D. She wants the man to use earphone.2. A. Jane is not so forgetful.B. Jane used to have a good memory.C. Jane should n’t be so nervous.D. Jane should not try to memorize the whole script（剧本）.3. A. She doesn’t have time to go outside.B. She’ll consider the man’s advice.C. She knows how to relieve her stress.D. She will feel more stressful if she gets behind in her class.4. A. The man should not buy so many discs（唱片）.B. The man should stop buying discs.C. The man shouldn’t worry too much.D. The man should go shopping less.5. A. Practice their speeches.B. Have a big celebration.C. Prepare their arguments for possible topics.D. Take a good rest.6. A. Brave. B. Healthy. C. Helpful D. Strong.7. A. He is an irresponsible father.B. He is careless.C. He is very busy with work.D. He is indifferent to his family.8. A. She knows something about her own real condition.B. She knows nothing about her own real condition.C. She doesn’t know anything about Mary’s real condition.D. She doesn’t want to know about Mary’s real condition.Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. A. Thirty years. B. Thirteen years.C. Not mentioned.D. Three years.10.A. Instability.B. Her husband is not responsible for their children.C. They live around the poverty line.D. Her husband doesn’t pay the bills.11. A. Their kids are popular with other kids.B. Their kids play tricks on other kids.C. Their kids are laughed at by other kids.D. Other kids are friendly to them.12.A. Joint custody（共同的监护权）.B. Visitation rights.C. Large support payments.D. Half of their mutual property and large support payments.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.13.A. Friends.B. A police officer and an investigator.C. Two police officers.D. A police officer and a program hostess.14.A. His job as a police officer.B. His personal life.C. How stressful patrol（巡逻）work is.D. How police officers are taught to deal with stress.15.A. He is an experienced police officer.B. He will quit his present job sooner or later.C. He is a good supervisor.D. He enjoys being a police officer.Section B (10%)Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage,you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A. She can practice anywhere in Britain.B. She can only practice nursing in Britain.C. She can practice in some foreign counties.D. Both A and C.17. A. She is not allowed much freedom to advise a patient.B. She often consults doctors about nursing.C. Her nursing duty is often interfered by the doctor.D. She is the most familiar person to patients in the hospital.18. A. The nurse.B. The doctor.C. The devoted woman.D. The man with a vast amount of responsibility.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A. In America. B. In Canada.C. In Africa.D. In the South.20. A. Because he was wrongly thought to be an American.B. Because he was popular with the audiences there.C. Because he was more familiar with the culture there.D. Because there was a larger number of audiences there.21. A. He writes songs.B. He records songs.C. He tours the world.D. He performs concerts.22. A. Flood victims.B. Victims of wars.C. People who are starving.D. People who have got AIDS.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.23. A.Culture.B. Communication skills.C. Culture and communication.D. Intercultural communication.24. A. In Room 405 in the library.B. In Room 405 in the research lab.C. In Room 311 in the research lab.D. In this room.25. A. A research project. B. Attendance.C. Final test.D. Classroom participation.Section C (10%)Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from S1 to S7 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from S8 to S10 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.The rose is believed to have been the first flower brought under cultivation. No other flower has so captured the (S1)________ of man, who has celebrated it in literature and in art.Roses have a long and interesting history. They have been (S2) ________ of love, beauty, war, and politics. The rose is 35 million years old. There are some 150 (S3) ________ of roses spreading throughout the Northern part of the world. Garden cultivation of roses began some 5,000 years ago, (S4) ________ in China. During the Roman period, roses were (S5) ________ extensively in the Middle East. They were used at celebrations, for (S6) ________ purposes, and as a source of perfume. After the fall of the Roman Empire, the popularity of roses seemed to rise and fall depending on gardening (S7) ________ of the time.During the fifteenth century, (S8)______________________________________ ____________________________________________________________. The white rose symbolized York, and the red rose symbolized Lancaster, as a result, the conflict became known as the ―War of the Roses.‖(S9)_____________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________.It wasn’t until the late eighteenth century that cultivated roses were introduced into Europe from China. Most modern-day roses go back to this ancestor.The rose is one of (S10)_____________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________. Part ⅡReading Comprehension (34%)Directions:There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or incomplete statements. Read the passages carefully then choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D) or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Passage 1A few thousand years ago, people lived about thirty years. From their point of view, we have already extended our lives to an amazing degree. However, from wherewe stand today, we can see that we still have a long way to go. Some people still die in their 40’s from cancer, heart attack, stroke, and infections. This is tragic, and frustrating. Today’s medicine is only somewhat able to deal with these and other conditions—and it has scarcely started to attack the problem of aging. But we can see light at the end of the tunnel.Fifty years from now, what causes of death will be preventable? That depends largely on the technology we will have available, so let’s start by projecting some technology tendencies. Gene sequencing and identification will be as easy as a blood sugar test. Medical devices such as artificial hearts and insulin（胰岛素）pumps will be implantable and well-integrated with the body’s natural demands. Surgical instruments will be more delicate and less destructive; what today is ―major surgery‖will be done with an office visit. Computers will be millions of times faster than today’s machines. Last but not least, we will probably have the ability to build strong, useful, complex machines out of individual atoms. This is called ―nanotechnology‖（纳米技术）or simple ―nanotech‖, and it will make us healthier in several important ways.Can we expect technology to solve all our medical problems? With the following explanations, it will become clear that nanotech can solve most of the medical problems that might keep us from being in good health, thus allowing us to remain ina state of good health for many decades or even centuries.26. The last sentence in the first paragraph ―But we can see light at the end of thetunnel‖ probably means ―_________‖.A. Today’s machines can deal with the problem of agingB. We have a bright future in dealing with aging problemC. Our machines can not solve the problem of agingD. We still have a long way to go27. Which of the following is NOT the technology trend mentioned in this passage?A. Medical devices will be implantable.B. Surgical instruments will be more delicate and less destructive.C. Blood sugar test will be as easy as gene sequencing and identification.D. Nanotech will make us healthier in several important ways.Q1. According to the author, we still have a long way to go to __________________. Q2. It is tragic and frustrating that such diseases as _________________________ can only somewhat be treated by today’s doctors.Q3. One of the technology tendencies in the following 50 years is___________, which will be as easy as a blood test.Q4. With nanotechnology, we will be able to solve most of all the medical problems so that ____________________________________.Passage 2As more people live closer together, and as they use machines to produce leisure, they find that their leisure, and even their working hours, becomes spoilt by a by-product ( 副产品) of their machines – namely, noise. Noise is nowadays in thenews; it has acquired political status, and public opinion is demanding, more and more insistently, that something be done about it.To control noise is to demand much self-discipline (annoyance arises often from lack of common courtesy (礼貌)), a sense of proportion (there is usually a conflict of interest if a noise is to be stopped), the expenditure (花费) of money (and it is far more economical to do this early rather than late), and finally, technical knowledge.Technical difficulties often arise from the subjective-objective nature of the problem. You can define the excessive speed of a motorcar in terms of a pointer reading on a speedometer (里程计). But can you define excessive noise in the same way? You find that with any existing simple ―noisy-meter‖, vehicles, which are judged to be equally noisy, may show considerable difference on the meter.Though the ideal cure for noise is to stop it at its source, this may in many cases be impossible. The next remedy is to absorb it on its way to the ear.Domestic noises may perhaps be controlled by forethought (深谋远虑) and courtesy, and industrial noises by good planning and technical improvement. But if we are going to allow fast motorcycles and heavy lorries to pass continuously through residential (住宅的) and business districts, the community must decide on the control it needs to exercise, for in the long run it has got to pay for it. And if a nation is to take part in modern air transport, it must enter into international agreements on the noise control measures it will impose on its airports – and here the cost of any real control is to be measured in millions of dollars.28. In the 4th line of the 1st paragraph, the author says ―it has acquired political status‖.He means that _________.A. people know noise is related to leisure lifeB. noise is the by-product of machinesC. people are concerning about noises from leisure-bringing machinesD. people are spoiled by noise from their working places29. A sensible cure for noise is _________.A. to deal with it before it reaches the earB. to stop it at its sourceC. to pay for itD. impossible30. Which of the following statements is not true?A. Domestic noises can be controlled before they are given out.B. Noise control measures in airports cost highly.C. Industrial noises may be planned and reduced technologically.D. It is not something very important for heavy trucks to run through the businessdistricts.Passage 3To talk about problem-solving or decision-making within a national environment means examining many complex cultural forces. It means trying to measure the impact of these forces on contemporary life, and also coming to grips with changesnow taking place.It also means using dangerous comparisons, and the need to translate certain fundamental concepts which resist translation and comparisons.For example, the concept of vocational or professional identity differs markedly between the United States and Japan.In the West, the emphasis is on what a man, or a woman does for a living. Here in the U.S., if you ask what his father does, he will say ―My daddy drives a truck‖ or ―My daddy is a stock broker‖ or ―My daddy is an engineer.‖ But in Japan, the boy will tell you ―My daddy works for Mitsubish‖ or ―My daddy worked for Hitachi‖. But you will have no idea whether his father is the president of Hitachi or a chauffeur at Hitachi.In Japan, the most important thing is what organization you work for. This becomes very significant when you try to analyze the direction-taking or decision-making process. At least, it explains the greater job stability in Japan, in contrast to the great job mobility in America.While we differ in many ways, such differences are neither superior nor inferior to each other. A particular pattern of management behavior develops from a complexity of unique-cultural factors — and will only work within a given culture.31. What is the topic of the passage?A. The impact of complex cultural forces on contemporary life.B. American and Japanese patterns of management behavior.C. Differences of professional identity between America and Japan.D. Influence of cultural forces on problem-solving within a national environment.32. The passage tells us that _________.A. the Japanese decision-making process is superior to the American oneB. the American problem-solving process is inferior to the Japanese oneC.there is neither superiority nor inferiority between the American and theJapanese decision-making processD.the Japanese pattern of management behavior can also work very well withinAmerican culture33. The example given in the passage shows that _________.A. the American boy knew his father’s jobB. the Japanese boy did not know what his father didC. the Japanese boy did not want to tell people his father’s jobD. the concept of vocational identity is quite different between the two countries34. To talk about problem-solving within a national environment means all of thefollowing except _________.A. to define cultural forcesB. to interpret certain basic conceptsC. to deal seriously with changes taking placeD. to try to find out the influence of culture forces on people’s life35. According to the author, which of the following sentences is false?A. The Japanese loves their organization more than their American counterpart.B.In the west, people are very much concerned with what he or she does for aliving.C. In Japan, people are concerned with what organization he or she works for.D. Japanese job mobility is weaker than American one.Passage 4It is an inescapable fact that to most people there comes a time when failing powers of mind or body made it impossible for them to manage their daily lives without some sort of help, and despite the weakened sense of family solidarity(团结), this help comes in many cases from children, other relatives, or occasionally friends. When an old person or old couple gives up an independent home and becomes part of another household it does not mean that all the problems of old age are automatically solved; the problems are different, not so pressing perhaps, and their solution lies more with the younger relatives than with the older people themselves.Caring for the aged requires skill as well as goodwill. Much advice is now available for those caring for young children and babies, and there are numerous books to help mothers in bringing up their families, but as far as I know little has been written about the day-to-day care of old people. Fortunately the first essentials, sympathy and affection, are very often to be found, and will carry relatives, friends and old people a long way, but not the whole way; without these two virtues the work of caring for the old can be onerous(繁重的) and unrewarding.Probably the first thing for anyone to learn who has old people to care for is the need to allow them the freedom of action, to realize that their personality is still individual and that social significance is essential to happiness. It is all too easy to take the attitude that the old are past doing anything and to encourage resting and doing nothing. This is mistaken kindness, though it may be an easy way of satisfying the conscience compared with the more exacting way of continual encouragement to be active, to go out, to find worthwhile occupation. The latter course, however, is much more likely to promote happiness.36. To solve the problems of the old, _________.A.younger relatives should play a key roleB.old people should live with younger relativesC.old people should live in an independent homeD.younger relatives should visit the old occasionally37. Advice about bringing up families is mentioned in the second paragraph to showthat _________.A.there are not enough suggestions about caring for the oldB.goodwill and skill are required in caring for the oldC.it is easier to care for the young than the oldD.it is the first essential to care for the old38. Which of the following statements will the author probably agree with?A.It is mistaken kindness to encourage the old to look for a job.B.Young people are more concerned with social significance than the old.C.With failing powers of mind or body , the old should be encouraged to restD.Younger relatives often, but not always feel sympathy and affection for the old.39. Which of the following is closest in meani ng to the word ―pressing‖(Para. 1) ?A. automaticB. urgentC. essentialD. independent40. What is the best title for the passage?A.Personalities of the OldB.Problems of the OldC.Caring for the OldD.Housing of the OldP art ⅢVocabulary (10%)Directions:There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.41. It was _________ of you not to play the piano while I was asleep.A. considerableB. considerateC. controversialD. conservative42. Owing to the recent bad weather, the work is several months _________ schedule.A. onB. behindC. inD. for43. My mother seemed to be in no___________ to look at my school report.A. moodB. feelingC. attitudeD. emotion44. After a crime, _________ naturally falls on the person who has a motive for it.A. suspectB. sessionC. suspicionD. surplus45. The local government encouraged everyone to_________ food and clothing forthe refugees.A. attributeB. contributeC. distributeD. divide46. The doctor suggests that John should have a routine medical check-up at a_________ of half a year.A. lengthB. distanceC. phaseD. interval47. The power factories _________ too much coal every year.A. swallowB. disposeC. consumeD. exhaust48. The middle-aged man has been _________ of murdering his wife.A. chargedB. abusedC. sentencedD. accused49. It is our great honor to have invited this _________ recognized authority inphysics to give us a lecture on the latest development in this very field.A. instantlyB. extremelyC. productivelyD. universally50. Her poems first appeared in 1749, _________ ―Sylvia‖.A. under the name ofB. in the name ofC. in terms ofD. in the event of51. The pianist who had been praised very highly _________ to be a greatdisappointment.A. turned outB. came toC. carried outD. sought out52. Disabled people should not be _________ the chances to study in the university,they should have equal access to education.A. deletedB. declinedC. deniedD. detected53. The person spent twenty minutes drinking up eight bottles of beer _________.A. in practiceB. in conclusionC. in successionD. in substance54. Although she didn’t mention any names, everyone knew who she was _________.A. reaching forB. referring toC. calling forD. leading to55. It is _________ of you to shelter the kids from bad movies that are likely to affecttheir healthy growth.A. sensitiveB. sensibleC. justifiedD. arbitrary56. The staff at the hospital were well _________ to deal with the disease.A. capableB. equalC. readyD. equipped57. The girl in the picture was smiling sweetly, _________.A. her long hair flowed in the breezeB. her long hair was flowing in the breezeC. her long hair flow in the breezeD. her long hair flowing in the breeze58. I’ve applied for the job but I’m not very _________ about my chances of gettingit.A. fantasticB. sympatheticC. approximateD. optimistic59. The majority of people at the meeting were _________ to the proposal putforward by the manager.A. reluctantB. resistantC. particularD. ignorant60. Many year’s drug-taking has _________ the man who once had considerableamount of money to a life of poverty.A. consultedB. consentedC. condemnedD. contentedPart ⅣTranslation (6%)英语Ⅲ期末考试试卷（A卷）Directions: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet Two by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.T1. ______________________________________________________（她似乎读懂了我的心思）, she answers my thoughts and quietly tells me, ―I sent my family home tonight.‖T2. While he was traveling the country, he frequently __________________________ __________________（给父母打电话报平安）.T3. _______________________________________________（我校的办学宗旨是）that moral values and academic achievements are equally important.T4. ________________________________________（他成功的秘诀）is to choose a goal within his reach rather than an ambitious goal beyond his reach.T5. In the wake of globalization, governments hurried to _______________________ ______________________________（起草计划来应对挑战）.T6. A baby girl has been born through cloning on Thursday, according to Boisselier, president of the human cloning society Clonaid, ___________________________ ___________________________________（这件事成了头条新闻）.Part ⅤWriting (15%)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Academic Achievement or Ability. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1、在大学，有些学生认为学习成绩是最重要的，…...2、有些学生认为培养个人的能力是最重要的，……3、你的看法。
2007年西南财经大学考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】
2007年西南财经大学考博英语真题及详解Part I Vocabulary(15points,0.5point each)Directions:There are30incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A.B.C and D.Choose the ONE answer that best completes thesentence.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single pencilline through the center.1.A number of______clients have expressed their interest in our business.A.possibleB.potentialC.originalD.relevant【答案】B【解析】potential潜在的。
possible可能的，可以接受的。
original最初的，原始的。
relevant有关系的。
2.I’m pleased to hear of your job offer—all that hard work at school has obviously______.A.paid offB.taken its tollC.made a differenceD.shown up【答案】A【解析】pay off回报，成功。
take its toll造成损失。
make a difference有很大不同。
showup露面。
3.Based on the______that every business is now free to formulate its own strategy in light of the changing market.I would predict a marked improvement in the efficiency of China’s economy.A.guidanceB.instructionC.premiseD.quantity【答案】C【解析】on the premise that在…的前提下。
年博士研究生入学考试英语试题--资料
2007年博士研究生入学考试英语试题Part I. Reading Comprehension (60%)Directions: In this part of the test, there are four short passages for you to read. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer A), B), C), or D) and mark the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet I.Passage 1We live in southern California growing grapes, a first generation of vintners, our home adjacent to the vineyards and the winery. It’s a very pretty place, and in order to earn the money to realize our dream of making wine, we worked for many years in a business that demanded several household moves, an incredible amount of risk-taking and long absences from my husband. When it was time, we traded in our old life, cinched up our belts and began the creation of the winery.We make small amounts of premium wine, and our lives are dictated by the rhythm of nature and the demands of the living vines. The vines start sprouting tiny green tendrils in March and April, and the baby grapes begin to form in miniature, so perfect that they can be dipped in gold to form jewelry. The grapes swell and ripen in early fall, and when their sugar content is at the right level, they are harvested carefully by hand and crushed in small lots. The wine is fermented and tended until it is ready to be bottled. The vineyards shed their leaves, the vines are pruned and made ready for the dormant months --- and the next vintage.It sounds nice, does n’t it? Living in the country, our days spent in the ancient routine of the vineyard, knowing that the course of our lives as vintners was choreographed long age and that if we practiced diligently, our wine would be good and we’d be successful. From the start we knew there was a price for the privilege of becoming a wine-making family, connected to the land and the caprices of nature.We work hard at something we love, we are slow to panic over the daily emergencies, we are nimble at solving problems as they arise. Some hazards to completing a successful vintage are expected: rain just before harvesting can cause mold; electricity unexpectedly interrupted during the cold fermentation of white wine can damage it; a delayed payment from a major client when the money is needed.There are outside influences that disrupt production and take patience, good will and perseverance. [For example] the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms regulates every facet of the wine business. A winery’s records are audited as often as two or three times a year and every label --- newly written for each year’s vintage --- must be approved. …[But] The greatest threat to the winery, and one that almost made us lose heart, came out of a lawyer’s imagination. Out little winery was served notice that we were named in a lawsuit accusing us of endangering the public health by using lead foils on our bottles (it was the only material used until recently) “without warning consumers of a possible risk.”There it was, our winery’s name listed with the industry’s giants. …… I must have asked a hundred times: “Who gets the money if the lawsuit is successful?” The answer was, and I never was able to assimilate it, the plaintiffs and their lawyers who filed the suit! Since the lawsuit was brought in behalf of consumers, it seemed to me that consumers must get something if it was proved that a lead foil was dangerous to them. We were told one of the two consumer claimants was an employee of the firm filing the suit!There are attorneys who focus their careers on lawsuits like this. It is an immense danger to the small businessman. Cash reserves can be used up in the blink of an eye when in the company oflawyers. As long as it’s possible for anyone to sue anybody for anything, we are all in danger. As long as the legal profession allows members to practice law dishonorably and lawyers are congratulated for winning big money in this way, we’ll be plagued with a corruptible justice system.1.The phrase “cinched up our belts”, in the first paragraph, suggests that the coupleA.thought creating a winery would be busyB.wore clothing that was too bigC.strapped their belongings together and movedD.prepared for the difficult work ahead2.The grapes are harvested on a date thatA.may vary.B.depends on the approval of the regulatory bureau.C.is traditionally set.D.is determined by availability of pickers.3.According to the author, the life of vintners is most controlled byA.the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms.B.unexpected changes in temperature.C.the sugar content of the grapes.D.the tempo of the seasons.4.The writer complains that when she questioned the lawyers sheA.never got the answer.B.never got a simple answer.C.could make no sense of the answer she got.D.could not understand the answer she got.5.The writer thinks that the legal professionA.strives to protect consumers.B.does a good job of policing its members.C.is part of an incorruptible system.D.includes rapacious attorneys.Passage 2There is a confused notion in the minds of many persons, which the gathering of the property of the poor into the hands of the rich does no ultimate harm, since in whosever hands it may be, it must be spent at last, and thus, they think, return to the poor again. This fallacy has been again and again exposed; but granting the plea true, the same apology may, of course, be made for black mail, or any other form of robbery. It might be (though practically it never is) as advantageous for the nation that the robber should have the spending of the money he extorts, as that the person robbed should have spent it. But this is no excuse for the theft. If I were to put a turnpike on the road where it passes my own gate, and endeavor to exact a shilling from every passenger, the public would soon do away with my gate, without listening to any pleas on my part that it was as advantageous to them, in the end, that I should spend their shillings, as that they themselves should. But if, instead of outfacing them with a turnpike, I can only persuade them to come in and buy stones, or old iron, or any other useless thing, out of my ground, I may rob them to the same extent and, moreover, be thanked as a public benefactor and promoter of commercial prosperity. And this main question for the poor of England --- for the poor of all countries --- is wholly omitted in every treatise on the subject of wealth. Even by the laborers themselves, the operation of capital is regarded only in its effect ontheir immediate interests, never in the far more terrific power of its appointment of the kind and the object of labor. It matters little, ultimately, how much a laborer is paid for making anything; but it matters fearfully what the thing is which he is compelled to make. If his labor is so ordered as to produce food, fresh air, and fresh water, no matter that his wages are low; the food and the fresh air and water will be at last there, and he will at last get them. But if he is paid to destroy food and fresh air, or to produce iron bars instead of them, the food and air will finally not be there, and he will not get them, to his great and final inconvenience. So that, conclusively, in politics as in household economy, the great question is, not so much what money you have in your pocket, as what you will buy with it and do with it.6.We may infer that the author probably lived in theA.1960’s in the United StatesB.early days of British industrializationC.18th-century FranceD.England of King Arthur7.According to the passage, the individual should be particularly concerned withA.how much wealth he can accumulateB.the acquisition of land property rather than moneyC.charging the customer a fair priceD.the quality of goods which he purchases with his funds8.It can be inferred that in regard to the accumulation of wealth the authorA.equates the rich with the thiefB.indicates that there are few honest businessmenC.condones some dishonesty in business dealingsD.says that the robber is a benefactor9.The passage implies thatA.“A stitch in time saves nine”.B.“It is better late than never.”C.“None but the brave deserve the fair.”D.“All’s well that ends well.”10.What is the “main question for the poor” referred to by the author in the passage?A.the use to which the laborer can put his moneyB.the methods by which capital may be accumulatedC.the results of their work and their lack of authority to determine to what ends their workshall be putD.whether full measures of recompense shall be accorded to the laboring person for theinvestment of his time in worthy work11.According to the views expressed in the passage, which of the following should people be doingwith happiness?A.mining ore for the manufacture of weaponsB.cleaning sewage ponds at a treatment plantC.waiting tables for a rich manD.helping a poor man do his jobPassage 3However important we may regard school life to be, there is no gainsaying the fact that childrenspend more time at home than in the classroom. Therefore, the great influence of parents cannot be discounted by the teacher. They can become strong allies of the school personnel or they can consciously or unconsciously hinder and thwart curricular objectives.Administrators have been aware of the need to keep parents apprised of the newer methods used in schools. Many principals have conducted workshops explaining such matters as the reading program, manuscript writing, and developmental mathematics.Moreover, the classroom teacher, with the permission of the supervisors, can also play an important role in enlightening parents. The many interviews carried on during the year as well as new ways of reporting pupils’progress, can significantly aid in achieving a harmonious interplay between school and home.To illustrate, suppose that a father has been drilling Junior in arithmetic processes night after night. In a friendly interview, the teacher can help the parent sublimate his natural paternal interest into productive channels. He might be persuaded to let Junior participate in discussing the family budget, buying the food, using a yardstick or measuring cup at home, setting the clock, calculating mileage on a trip, and engaging in scores of other activities that have a mathematical basis.If the father follows the advice, it is reasonable to assume that he will soon realize his son is making satisfactory progress in mathematics and, at the same time, enjoying the work.Too often, however, teachers’conferences with parents are devoted to petty accounts of children’s misdemeanors, complaints about laziness and poor work habits, and suggestions for penalties and rewards at home.What is needed is a more creative approach in which the teacher, as a professional adviser, plants ideas in parents’ minds for the best utilization of the many hours that the child spends out of the classroom.In this way, the school and the home join forces in fostering the fullest development of youngsters’ capacities.12.The central idea conveyed in the above passage is thatA.home training is more important than school training because a child spends so many hourswith his parentsB.teachers can and should help parents to understand and further the objectives of the schoolC.parents unwittingly have hindered and thwarted curricular objectivesD.parents have a responsibility to help students to do their homework13.The author directly discusses the fact thatA.parents drill their children too much in arithmeticB. a father can help his son construct articles at homeC. a parent’s misguided efforts can be redirected to proper channelsD.there is not sufficient individual instruction in the classroom14. It can be reasonably inferred that the authorA.is satisfied with the present relationships between home and schoolB.feels that the traditional program in mathematics is slightly superior to the developmentalprogramC.feels that parent-teacher interviews can be made much more constructive than they are atpresentD.is of the opinion that teachers of this generation are inferior to those of the last generation15. A method of parent-teacher communication NOT mentioned or referred to by the author isA.classes for parentsB.new progress report formsC.parent-teacher interviewsD.demonstration lesson16. The author implies thatA.participation in interesting activities relatede to a school subject improves one’sachievement in that areaB.school principals do more than their share in interpreting the curriculum to the parentsC.only a small part of the school day should be set apart for drilling in arithmeticD.teachers should occasionally make home visits to parents17. The author would most approve of which of the following parental activities to assist in thelearning of composition and writing skills?A.one hour of supervised writing exercises nightlyB.encouraging the child to write letters to relativesC.reviewing all the child’s written school workD.giving the child money for good grades on written work18. It is most reasonable to infer that the author is a(n)A.elementary-school teacherB.parentC.college teacherD.professor of educationPassage 4Scientists studying the effect of large volcanic eruptions on global climate have long focused on the major quantities of carbon dioxide(CO2), a gas known to contribute to the greenhouse effect, produced by these eruptions. It is well observed that such greenhouse gases trap heat radiated from the surface of the earth, thereby forming a type of insulation around the planet. The greenhouse effect is essential for ecological equipoise because it maintains the temperature of the planet within habitable parameters, but there is growing concern that man-made production of gases such as CO2 from the burning of fossil fuels may be threatening the system’s tolerance, and have resulted in excessive warming on a global scale.While volcanic eruptions indubitably metabolize and accumulate CO2 in the atmosphere, it has been recently discovered that their impact is virtually trivial compared to the quantity produced by human activities, especially heavy industry. In reality, the more substantive climatic effect from volcanoes results from the production of atmospheric haze, whereby large eruption columns inject ash particles and sulfur-rich gases into the troposphere and stratosphere, clouds that circumscribe the globe within weeks of the volcanic activity. Ash and aerosol clouds from large volcanic eruptions disseminate quickly through the atmosphere, and the small ash particles decrease the amount of sunlight reaching the surface of the earth and lower average global temperatures, while the sulfurous gases combine with water in the atmosphere to form acidic aerosols that also absorb incoming solar radiation and scatter it back out into space.There is evidence that volcanoes’stratospheric ash clouds has a lesser effect on global temperatures than aerosol clouds, given that the major Mt. St. Helens eruption had lowered global temperatures by about 0.1 degree Celsius, while two years later the much smaller eruption of El Chico had, by contrast, three to five times the global cooling effect worldwide. Despite its smaller ash cloud, El Chico emitted more than 40 times the volume of sulfur-rich gases produced by Mt. St.Helens, revealing that the formation of atmospheric sulfur aerosols has a more substantial effect on global temperatures than simply the volume of ash produced during an eruption. Sulfate aerosols appear to necessitate several years to settle out of the atmosphere, one of the reasons their effects are so widespread and enduring. This corroborates the opinion of those scientists who argue that without the cooling effect of major volcanic eruptions such as El Chico, global warming effects caused by human activities would be far more substantial. It should be noted that major volcanic eruptions have additional climatic effects beyond global temperature decreases and acid rain, for ash and aerosol particles suspended in the atmosphere scatter light of red wavelengths, often resulting in brilliantly colored sunsets and sunrises around the world.19. According to the passage, scientists have decided that sulfur aerosols from volcanic eruptionsaffect global temperatures to a greater extent than ash clouds becauseA.the greenhouse gas effect produced by human activities tends to have a much greaterenvironmental effect than that of volcanic explosionsB.clouds of sulfur-rich gases tend to achieve greater heights in the stratosphere than do ashcloudsC. a particular explosion producing high sulfur and little ash had a greater environmentaleffect than the converseD.the burning of fossil fuels tends to exacerbate the effects of sulfurous aerosols, but notthose of ash clouds20. The passage suggests that the effects of volcanic carbon dioxide on the environment differ fromthose of sulfurous gases in thatA.carbon dioxide tends to alleviate environmental haze, while sulfurous gases usuallyincrease itB.carbon dioxide tends to increase temperatures by trapping sunlight, while sulfurous gasestend to decrease temperatures by blocking itC.sulfurous gases have played an even more significant role than carbon dioxide in pushingenvironmental temperatures outside the habitable rangeD.sulfurous gases tend to decrease the level of solar radiation outside the earth’s atmosphere,while carbon dioxide plays only a negligible role21. The author mentions the eruption of Mount St. Helens (lines 25-26) primarily in order toemphasize which of the following points?A.The deep and enduring effect that volcanic eruptions have on the environmentB.The process by which classic volcanic eruptions tend to occurC.The relative dearth of cases with scientists can judge the effects of volcanic eruptionsD. A sample case with which later volcanic explosions are compared22. Which of the following best describes the organization the third paragraph of the passage?A. A theory is proposed, considered, and amended.B.Opposing views are presented, elaborated, and then reconciled.C. A problem is described, then a solution is discussed and its effectiveness is affirmed.D. A view is advanced, then refuted, and an alternative is suggested.23. The passage suggests that which of the following would be true if volcanic eruptions did not takeplace?A.Greenhouse effects on rising global temperatures would likely be somewhat less worrisomethan those postulated by scientists today.B.Acid rain by heavy industry would likely be more of a problem than it currently is, giventhe tendency of volcanic eruptions to hasten atmospheric cycles.C.Global warming effects caused by human activities would be more substantial than they aretoday if volcanic cooling effects ceased to take place.D.The environment would likely be cooler, for the atmosphere would contain fewer sulfurousgases and ash clouds.24. Which of the following, if presented as the first sentence of a succeeding paragraph, would mostlogically continue the discussion presented in the passage?A.The influence of volcanic eruptions on global weather patterns is almost completelyunderstood at present.B.Scientists have only begun to understand, however, the effects of these wavelengths of lighton the global environment.C.The human warming activities ameliorate by volcanic eruptions include those producedboth by heavy industry and agriculture.D.The reason that sulfate aerosols take an unusually large time to disperse owes primarily tometeorological factors, including the jet stream.Passage 5Much has been written about computer terminals and radiation effects, but sitting at the keyboard is now causing problems for many people. Carpal tunnel syndrome, resulting from a compressed nerve of the hand and wrist, affects tens of thousands of Americans each year. It has always been an occupational hazard for workers using drilling and cutting equipment. Now it is moving to officers, afflicting writers, programmers, data processors ---- anyone who spends long hours at a keyboard.The syndrome occurs when tissues around the base of the wrist swell against the nerve, resulting in numbness and painful tingling in the hands, often happening at night. The condition can cause permanent loss of sensation and motor control.The fault lies, in part, with poorly designed offices. Work stations that don’t allow employees to sit comfortably may put wrists, shoulders and arms under constant strain. The problem may be aggravated by the fact that people type faster and more continuously on computers, so that the hands and wrists rarely move into other positions. In some cases, surgery can solve the problem by decompressing the pinched nerve.At the offices of the Los Angeles Times, where some of the reporters are afflicted, work stations are being redesigned, and exercise programs for shoulders, wrists and fingers are being developed, other recommended measurers for those trying to avoid the syndrome: hourly breaks and a five-hour-a-day typing limit.25. “Radiation effects” in the first line probably re fer to _____.A.radio signals transmitted on the computer lineB.harmful effects of computer screensC.the boredom of sitting before computersD.the difficulties in learning to type26. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A.Workers using drilling and cutting equipment are using computers now.B. A virus is spreading diseases among office workers, writers and programmers.puter users are threatened with sharper competition in getting employed.D.Anyone who sits for long hours at a computer may develop a special condition.27. In most serious cases of the problem, one may ______.A. find his four limbs degeneratingB. have his nerve system damagedC. lose control of his hand movements permanentlyD. become blind and numb28. The major cause of the problem is ________.A. strained sitting positionsB. poorly-lighted officesC. painful tingling in the handsD. the competitiveness of the job29. Which of the following is NOT given as a solution to the problem?A. Surgery.B. Shorter working hours.C. More breaks.D. Slower working pace.Passage 6Recent studies on the male-female wage gap predict that even though entry-salaries for males and females in the same occupation are nearly equal because women’s market skills have improved vastly, the chances of the overall gap closing in the foreseeable future are minimal. This is due to several actors that are likely to change very slowly, if at all. An important reason is that women are concentrated on occupations --- service and clerical --- that pay less than traditional male jobs. It is possible that more women than men in their twenties are hesitant to commit themselves to a year-round, lifetime career or job for many reasons. There is a lingering attitude on both the part of women and their employers that women are cut out for certain jobs. Not only does this attitude channel women into lover-paying work, but it also serves to keep them from top management positions.Another significant factor in the widening wage gap between men and women entering the work force, even in comparable jobs, is that women often drop out at critical points in their careers to have a family. Women still have the primary responsibility for child-rearing; even if they continue to work, they often forgo overtime and promotions that would conflict with home responsibilities. The ages of 25 to 35 have been shown repeatedly to be the period when working consistently and hard is vital to advancement and job security. These are precisely the years when women are likely to have children an d begin to slide away from men in earning power. Consequently, a woman’s income is more likely to be seen as secondary to her husband’s.30. Women are kept from top management positions partly because they _______.A. decide to devote themselves to certain lifetime jobs in their twentiesB. are inclined to rank family second to workC. tend to have more quarrels with their employersD. still take an incorrect attitude towards themselves31. Which of the following is implied in the passage as a partial reas on for women’s concentrationon certain occupations?A. Social division o labor.B. Social prejudice against them.C. Employment laws.D. Physiological weakness.32. The word “forgo” in Paragraph 2 could best be replaced by ______.A. give upB. drop outC. throw awayD. cut out33. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that ______.A. men’s jobs are subject to changeB. women tend to be employed off and on at the same jobC. men’s chances of promotion are minimalD. women used to be employed all the year round34. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Women’s market skills have improved greatly.B. Child care is still chiefly women’s work.C. Women are typically employed in clerical and service jobs.D. Domestic duties no longer confli ct with women’s jobs.Passage 7The urge to explore is innate in Man. Wherever his imagination wanders, Man seeks also to go.A large part of history is concerned with the exploration of the world in which we live. Time and again men have set out with amazing courage and resolution to probe into unknown regions and lands. They crossed the seas in flimsy boats, traversed continents, scaled mountains, fought their way through jungles and swamps, and endured untold hardships --- all to explore, to see what had not yet been seen, to make known the unknown. Nor did Man confine his movements to the surface of land and sea. With kites, balloons and aircraft he left the ground to range through the lower atmosphere. Now outer space receives his attention.The hard way to answer the question, why should Man bother about conquering space, is to attempt to list the specific practical benefits that will result. One knows, from past experience in other areas, that Man will surely see and discover new knowledge, and this new knowledge will find its way into valuable practical uses. What we learn about Man himself, from his experience in space, and from the effects of space and the space flight environment on him, will be invaluable. The new techniques developed to carry out the exploration of space, and to keep men alive in space, will inevitably find their way into valuable practical uses in everyday living. The areas that will benefit are manifold. They include communications, generation of power, transportation and travel, food production, conservation of resources, navigation, human comfort and welfare, biology and medicine, materials, fuels and many others. But to state specifically just what the practical outcomes will be is virtually impossible.35. Exploration of the unknown .A. often results in Man’s Power of imaginationB. is not common throughout human historyC. is generally sought after by men with courage and strengthD. is deeply rooted in the instinct of Man36. Which of the following best sketc hes the process of Man’s probe into the unknown world?A. Surface of the earth, the air and spaceB. Waters, mountains and forests, swampsC. Communications, transportation and conservationD. Urge, imagination and courage37. The benefits of space exploration are basically something .A. well-specifiedB. hypotheticalC. practicalD. inevitable38. According to the passage, the value of exploring the outer space will ultimately lie in_______.A. its testimony of Man’s courage and resolutionB. the knowledge it may help us to gain about out earthC. the results it may bring about in the interests of ManD. Man’s mastery of techniques to fly and stay alive in space39. From this passage we can conclude that Man should have confidence in exploring spacebecause________.A. we have directed our attention to the right object of studyB. we have accumulated experience from previous successes in other fieldsC. we have found the correct answer to the question of why Man should bother aboutconquering spaceD. we have already made it possible for people to benefit from this endeavor40. The ideas expressed in this passage can well be used in an argument____.A. in favor of criticisms on space explorationB. against spending millions of money on space projectsC. supportive of paralleling man’s conquest of nature with that of spaceD. to justify space exploration with its far-reaching significance in man’s lifeII. Translation (25%)Section ADirections: Put the following into Chinese. Write your Chinese version in the appropriate space on Answer Sheet II.According to the new school of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge. (1) Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. (2)“In short”, a leader of the new school contends, “the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.”(3)Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. Then modern school that hails technology argues that such masters as Galileo, Newton, Maxwell, Einstein, and inventors such as Edison attached great importance to, and derived great benefit from, craft information and technological devices of different kinds that were usable in scientific experiments.(4)The centerpiece of the argument of a technology---yes, genius---no advocate was an analysis of Galileo’s role at the start of the scientific revolution. The wisdom of the day was derived from Ptolemy, an astronomer of the second century, whose elaborate system of the sky put Earth at the center of all heavenly motions. Galileo’s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around。
西南交通大学2006—2007学年第学期考试试卷英语A
西南交通大学2006—2007学年第（1）学期考试试卷课程：英语I A卷College English Test(CET 05-3F)(Form A)Class __________ Name _____________ Student Number _______ Part ⅡReading Comprehension (34%)Directions:There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or incomplete statements. Read the passages carefully then choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D) or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Passage 1A few thousand years ago, people lived about thirty years. From their point of view, we have already extended our lives to an amazing degree. However, from where we stand today, we can see that we still have a long way to go. Some people still die in their40’s from cancer, heart attack, stroke, and infections. This is tragic, and frustrating. Today’s medicine is only somewhat able to deal with these and other conditions—and it has scarcely started to attack the problem of aging. But we can see light at the end of the tunnel.Fifty years from now, what causes of death will be preventable? That depends largely on the technology we will have available, so let’s start by projecting some technology tendencies. Gene sequencing and identification will be as easy as a blood sugar test. Medical devices such as artificial hearts and insulin（胰岛素）pumps will be implantable and well-integrated with the body’s natural demands. Surgical instruments will be more delicate and less destructive; what today is “major surgery”will be done with an office visit. Computers will be millions of times faster than today’s machines. Last but not least, we will probably have the ability to build strong, useful, complex machines out of individual atoms. This is called “nanotechnology”（纳米技术）or simple “nanotech”, and it will make us healthier in several important ways.Can we expect technology to solve all our medical problems? With the following explanations, it will become clear that nanotech can solve most of the medical problems that might keep us from being in good health, thus allowing us to remain in a state of good health for many decades or even centuries.26. The last sentence in the first paragraph “But we can see light at the end of thetunnel” probably means “_________”.A. Today’s machines can deal with the problem of agingB. We have a bright future in dealing with aging problemC. Our machines can not solve the problem of agingD. We still have a long way to go27. Which of the following is NOT the technology trend mentioned in this passage?A. Medical devices will be implantable.B. Surgical instruments will be more delicate and less destructive.C. Blood sugar test will be as easy as gene sequencing and identification.D. Nanotech will make us healthier in several important ways.Q1. According to the author, we still have a long way to go to __________________. Q2. It is tragic and frustrating that such diseases as _________________________ can only somewhat be treated by today’s doctors.Q3. One of the technology tendencies in the following 50 years is___________, which will be as easy as a blood test.Q4. With nanotechnology, we will be able to solve most of all the medical problems so that ____________________________________.Passage 2As more people live closer together, and as they use machines to produce leisure, they find that their leisure, and even their working hours, becomes spoilt by a by-product ( 副产品) of their machines – namely, noise. Noise is nowadays in the news; it has acquired political status, and public opinion is demanding, more and more insistently, that something be done about it.To control noise is to demand much self-discipline (annoyance arises often from lack of common courtesy (礼貌)), a sense of proportion (there is usually a conflict of interest if a noise is to be stopped), the expenditure (花费) of money (and it is far more economical to do this early rather than late), and finally, technical knowledge.Technical difficulties often arise from the subjective-objective nature of the problem. You can define the excessive speed of a motorcar in terms of a pointer reading on a speedometer (里程计). But can you define excessive noise in the same way? You find that with any existing simple “noisy-meter”, vehicles, which are judged to be equally noisy, may show considerable difference on the meter.Though the ideal cure for noise is to stop it at its source, this may in many cases be impossible. The next remedy is to absorb it on its way to the ear.Domestic noises may perhaps be controlled by forethought (深谋远虑) and courtesy, and industrial noises by good planning and technical improvement. But if we are going to allow fast motorcycles and heavy lorries to pass continuously through residential (住宅的) and business districts, the community must decide on the control it needs to exercise, for in the long run it has got to pay for it. And if a nation is to take part in modern air transport, it must enter into international agreements on the noise control measures it will impose on its airports – and here the cost of any real control is to be measured in millions of dollars.28. In the 4th line of the 1st paragraph, the author says “it has acquired political status”.He means that _________.A. people know noise is related to leisurelifeB. noise is the by-product of machinesC. people are concerning about noises from leisure-bringing machinesD. people are spoiled by noise from their working places29. A sensible cure for noise is _________.A. to deal with it before it reaches the earB. to stop it at its sourceC. to pay for itD. impossible30. Which of the following statements is not true?A. Domestic noises can be controlled before they are given out.B. Noise control measures in airports cost highly.C. Industrial noises may be planned and reduced technologically.D. It is not something very important for heavy trucks to run through the businessdistricts.Passage 3To talk about problem-solving or decision-making within a national environment means examining many complex cultural forces. It means trying to measure the impact of these forces on contemporary life, and also coming to grips with changes now taking place.It also means using dangerous comparisons, and the need to translate certain fundamental concepts which resist translation and comparisons.For example, the concept of vocational or professional identity differs markedly between the United States and Japan.In the West, the emphasis is on what a man, or a woman does for a living. Here in the U.S., if you ask what his father does, he will say “My daddy drives a truck” or “My daddy is a stock broker” or “My daddy is an engineer.” But in Japan, the boy will tell you “My daddy works for Mitsubish” or “My daddy worked for Hitachi”. But you will have no idea whether his father is the president of Hitachi or a chauffeur at Hitachi.In Japan, the most important thing is what organization you work for. This becomes very significant when you try to analyze the direction-taking or decision-making process. At least, it explains the greater job stability in Japan, in contrast to the great job mobility in America.While we differ in many ways, such differences are neither superior nor inferior to each other. A particular pattern of management behavior develops from a complexity of unique-cultural factors—and will only work within a given culture.31. What is the topic of the passage?A. Theimpact of complex cultural forces on contemporary life.B. American and Japanese patterns of management behavior.C. Differences of professional identity between America and Japan.D. Influence of cultural forces on problem-solving within a national environment.32. The passage tells us that _________.A. the Japanese decision-making process is superior to the American oneB. the American problem-solving process is inferior to the Japanese oneC.there is neither superiority nor inferiority between the American and theJapanese decision-making processD.the Japanese pattern of management behavior can also work very well withinAmerican culture33. The example given in the passage shows that _________.A. the American boy knew his father’s jobB. the Japanese boy did not know what his father didC. the Japanese boy did not want to tell people his father’s jobD. the concept of vocational identity is quite different between the two countries34. To talk about problem-solving within a national environment means all of thefollowing except _________.A. to define cultural forcesB. to interpret certain basic conceptsC. to deal seriously with changes taking placeD. to try to find out the influence of culture forces on people’s life35. According to the author, which of the following sentences is false?A. The Japanese loves their organization more than their American counterpart.B.In the west, people are very much concerned with what he or she does for aliving.C. In Japan, people are concerned with what organization he or she works for.D. Japanese job mobility is weaker than American one.Passage 4It is an inescapable fact that to most people there comes a time when failing powers of mind or body made it impossible for them to manage their daily lives without some sort of help, and despite the weakened sense of family solidarity(团结), this help comes in many cases from children,other relatives, or occasionally friends. When an old person or old couple gives up an independent home and becomes part of another household it does not mean that all the problems of old age are automatically solved; the problems are different, not so pressing perhaps, and their solution lies more with the younger relatives than with the older people themselves.Caring for the aged requires skill as well as goodwill. Much advice is now available for those caring for young children and babies, and there are numerous books to help mothers in bringing up their families, but as far as I know little has been written about the day-to-day care of old people. Fortunately the first essentials, sympathy and affection, are very often to be found, and will carry relatives, friends and old people a long way, but not the whole way; without these two virtues the work of caring for the old can be onerous(繁重的) and unrewarding.Probably the first thing for anyone to learn who has old people to care for is the need to allow them the freedom of action, to realize that their personality is still individual and that social significance is essential to happiness. It is all too easy to take the attitude that the old are past doing anything and to encourage resting and doing nothing. This is mistaken kindness, though it may be an easy way of satisfying the conscience compared with the more exacting way of continual encouragement to be active, to go out, to find worthwhile occupation. The latter course, however, is much more likely to promote happiness.36. To solve the problems of the old, _________.A.younger relatives should play a key roleB.old people should live with younger relativesC.old people should live in an independent homeD.younger relatives should visit the old occasionally37. Advice about bringing up families is mentioned in the second paragraph to showthat _________.A.there are not enough suggestions about caring for the oldB.goodwill and skill are required in caring for the oldC.it is easier to care for the young than the oldD.it is the first essential to care for the old38. Which of the following statements will the author probably agree with?A.It is mistaken kindness to encourage the old to look for a job.B.Young people are more concerned with social significance than the old.C.With failing powers of mind or body , the old should be encouraged to restD.Younger relatives often, but not always feel sympathy and affection for the old.39. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “pressing”(Para. 1) ?A. automaticB. urgentC. essentialD. independent40. What is the best title for the passage?A.Personalities of the OldB.Problems of the OldC.Caring for the OldD.Housing of the OldP art ⅢVocabulary (10%)Directions:There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.41. It was _________ of you not to play the piano while I was asleep.A.considerableB. considerateC.controversialD. conservative42. Owing to the recent bad weather, the work is several months _________ schedule.A. onB. behindC. inD. for43. My mother seemed to be in no___________ to look at my school report.A. moodB. feelingC. attitudeD. emotion44. After a crime, _________ naturally falls on the person who has a motive for it.A. suspectB.sessionC. suspicionD.surplus45. The local government encouraged everyone to_________ food and clothing forthe refugees.A. attributeB. contributeC. distributeD. divide46. The doctor suggests that John should have a routine medical check-up at a_________ of half a year.A. lengthB. distanceC. phaseD. interval47. The power factories _________ too much coal every year.A. swallowB. disposeC. consumeD. exhaust48. The middle-aged man has been _________of murdering his wife.A. chargedB. abusedC. sentencedD. accused49. It is our great honor to have invited this _________ recognized authority inphysics to give us a lecture on the latest development in this very field.A. instantlyB. extremelyC. productivelyD. universally50. Her poems first appeared in 1749, _________“Sylvia”.A.under the name ofB. in the name ofC.in terms ofD.in the event of51. The pianist who had been praised very highly _________ to be a greatdisappointment.A. turned outB. came toC. carried outD. sought out52. Disabled people should not be _________ the chances to study in the university,they should have equal access to education.A. deletedB. declinedC. deniedD. detected53. The person spent twenty minutes drinking up eight bottles of beer _________.A. in practiceB. in conclusionC. in successionD. in substance54. Although she didn’t mention any names, everyone knew who she was _________.A. reaching forB. referring toC. calling forD. leading to55. It is _________ of you to shelter the kids from bad movies that are likely to affecttheir healthy growth.A. sensitiveB. sensibleC. justifiedD. arbitrary56. The staff at the hospital were well _________ to deal with the disease.A. capableB. equalC. readyD. equipped57. The girl in the picture was smiling sweetly, _________.A. her long hair flowed in the breezeB. her long hair was flowing in the breezeC. her long hair flow in the breezeD. her long hair flowing in the breeze58. I’ve applied for the job but I’m not very _________ about my chances of gettingit.A.fantasticB. sympatheticC. approximateD. optimistic59. The majority of people at the meeting were _________ to the proposal putforward by the manager.A. reluctantB. resistantC. particularD. ignorant60. Many year’s drug-taking has _________ the man who once had considerableamount of money to a life of poverty.A. consultedB. consentedC. condemnedD. contentedPart ⅣTranslation (6%)Directions: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet Two by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.T1. ______________________________________________________（她似乎读懂了我的心思）, she answers my thoughts and quietly tells me, “I sent my family home tonight.”T2. While he was traveling the country, he frequently __________________________ __________________（给父母打电话报平安）.T3. _______________________________________________（我校的办学宗旨是）that moral values and academic achievements are equally important.T4. ________________________________________（他成功的秘诀）is to choose a goal within his reachrather than an ambitious goal beyond his reach.T5. In the wake of globalization, governments hurried to _______________________ ______________________________（起草计划来应对挑战）.T6. A baby girl has been born through cloning on Thursday, according to Boisselier, president of the human cloning society Clonaid, ___________________________ ___________________________________（这件事成了头条新闻）.西南交通大学2006—2007学年第（1）学期考试试卷答案及评分标准课程：英语I A卷Key to CET 05-3F(Form A)Part I Listening Comprehension( 35 %)评分标准：1-25题每题1分。
考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编33(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编33(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．India’s internal structure can never be ______ with Europe’s.A．sameB．similarC．identicalD．equal正确答案：C解析：identical(with)a.同一个：完全相同的(如：That is the identical pen I lost．The fingerprints of no two persons are identical．This copy is identical with the ones you bought last week．)。
same a.相同的，一样的(习惯上与定冠词the连用)。
similar(to)a.相似的，类似的。
equal(to／with)a.相等的，同样的：平等的；胜任的。
2．Louis was asked to ______ the man who stole her purse.A．identifyB．recognizeC．claimD．confirm正确答案：A解析：identify vt．认出，鉴定(身份)；认为……等同于(with)(如：She identified him as her attacker．I cannot identify this signature．Wealth cannot be identified with happiness．)。
recognize vt．认出，识别；承认。
claim vt．声称，主张；说……是自己的，索取。
confirm vt．确定，批准，使巩固，使有效。
3．There was snow everywhere, so that the shape of things was difficult to ______. (2010年四川大学考博试题)A．identifyB．authorizeC．justifyD．rationalize正确答案：A解析：在给出的选项中：identify“识别，鉴定，认明，认同，感同身受”：authorize“授权给，全权委托，允许，认可，批准”；justify“替……辩护，证明合法”：rationalize“使合理化，使有理化”。