复旦附中2019届高三第一学期英语第一次摸底考试

复旦附中2019届高三第一学期英语第一次摸底考试（题源来自2018年浦东新区高考三模，语法部分有改动）Ⅰ. Listening (略)II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.China’s Good Samaritan Law went into effect on October 1 to encourage people who are ready to help others. Under the law, people who voluntarily offer emergency assistance to those who are, or who they believe to be, injured, ill or in danger, will not have civil responsibility in the event of harm to the victims.The new law aims to ease the reluctance people feel toward helping strangers for fear of legal consequences if they make mistakes in treatment. It is a response to the phenomenon of people __ (21)__ (hesitate) to help fallen senior citizens due to concern that they might be blackmailed (讹诈) later.There has been no shortage of cases over the past decade __ (22) __ people hesitated to offer assistance to those who are in need. And some good Samaritans have been blackmailed for charitable acts. In 2011, a two-year-old girl known as Xiao Yueyue was run over by two cars, and 18 people passed by__ (23) __ offering emergency help. The girl died after days of medical treatment. In 2014, a man from Guangdong Province aided a senior citizen, but __ (24) __ (accuse) of knocking him down. The man committed suicide when __ (25) __ (face) with demands for a large sum of money.These cases __ (26) __ (arouse) debate about morality and heroism in China in recent years. “If you don’t provide help, you will blame yourself, but if you do help, you are likely __ (27) __ (hurt) by the people you help. It is really a difficult choice,” one netizen said on Sina Weibo.__ (28) __ there had been calls for a national Good Samaritan law, only a few cities pushedahead with such laws before the nationwide law came into effect.However, some experts are concerned __ (29) __ there could be some danger from a nationwide Good Samaritan Law. “Rescuers who know little about first aid could bring serious harm to people in critical conditions,” said Yang Lixin, a professor at the Renmin University of China. He hoped the government __ (30) __ introduce details of the policy soon while encouraging people to voluntarily offer assistance.SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonly beused once.Notethat thereis onewordmorethanyouneed.MinimumwagelawsintheU.S.werefirstintroducedduringthe1930sinresponsetotheGreatDepress ion.Thisperiodwas__11__byfallingoutput,fallingprices,andfallingemployment.TheNationalIndustri alRecoveryAct(NIRA)of1933attemptedtostopthisdownwardtrendbyencouragingthe__12__oftradea ssociationagreementsthatestablishedthelowestpriceandminimumwages.Thiswasthefirsttimethatmin imumwageswereintroducedinmajorindustries.Butin1935,theU.S.SupremeCourtruledthattheNIRAw asunlawful, andtheseinitial minimum wage agreements cameto anend.In 1938, the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) established a national minimum wage of $0.25 an hour. This Act __13__ only applied to a relatively small share of the labor force, but has been __14__ over time so that it now applies to about 90% of all nonsupervisory workers.Introductory economies textbooks usually first introduce the minimum wage as an application of demand and supply analysis. This starting discussion is usually based on the following __15__: the labor market is perfectly competitive, the minimum wage covers all workers, and worker productivity is __16__ by the wage rate.While minimum wage increases generally receive __17__ public support, economists have generally argued that such laws will result in an increase in the unemployment rate in low-wage labor markets.Anissuerelatedtothatofaminimumwageisagrowingmovementfor a“livingwage”.Living wagepro posalssuggestthatthe__18__minimumwageistoolowtoallowfamiliestobeabovethepovertylevel.Now,__19__ofthisviewsupport“livingwagelaws”thatrequirethelocalgovernmentto onlyacceptcontractsfr omfirmsthatpaytheirworkersawagethatishighenough to __20__ the workers above the poverty line. Baltimore was the first city to adopt such alawin 1994. Under Baltimore’s“living wage”requirement, firms mustpayaworkeranhourlywagethatwillallowafull-timeworkertoreceiveanannualincomegreaterthan orequalto thepovertylevel forafamilyof three.III. Reading Comprehension (45%)Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.When you’re shopping at the grocery store, you probably expect that the olive oil you see came from, well, olives. And that the organic vegetables were never exposed to poisonous chemicals.Increasingly, however, there’s a chance you might be __41__. In recent years, there has been a rise in reports of so-called food fraud, or attempts by various entities — including storage workers, suppliers and distributors — to alter products and mislead customers and food companies alike for __42__gain. Among the more recent examples: “natural” honey containing antibiotics and Italian companies selling “Italian olive oil” from a blend of oils that did not __43__ from Italy.By and large, the fraudsters are trying to make easy money — __44__ for a whole food or pricey ingredient, then cutting it with __45__ stuff secretly. But the health consequences can be__46__.How can this happen? In the U.S., the Pure Food and Drug Act has prevented the “manufacture, sale or transportation of misbranded or poisonous foods” since 1906, and similar laws exist in other countries.But most global food regulators, including the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, aren’t__47__ to enforce them effectively. For the most part, they focus on safety standards —__48__that foods don’t contain bacteria or viruses — and rely on companies to police their own ingredients, lest they face __49__ backlash（强烈抵制）. But now that food manufacturing hasbecome globalized, supply chains are longer, creating more opportunities for bad actors to __50__. Anyone who can __51__ substituting cheap ingredients for more expensive ones is going to try.Governments are starting to fight back. In 2014, the U.K. created a food-crime unit that collects reports of food fraud. But in order to prevent fraud in the first place, the food industry needs to __52__ the safeguarding of its own production network. So the Global Food Safety Initiative (GFSI) —a trade group including officials from more than 300 food manufactures —will this year start __53__ its members’ supply chains, from field to table, to identify vulnerabilities.__54__, dozens of other food-industry experts recently teamed up with academics from Michigan State University to launch the Food Fraud Initiative （FFI）, a group that studies fraudsters — specifically, how they avoid safeguards — and then advises food companies on how to get rid of them. “There are plenty of criminals out there who are going to wake up and perceive some opportunity for fraud,” says John Spink, director of the FFI. “We just need to make ourselves a(n) __55__ target.”41. A. definite B. peaceful C. optimistic D. wrong42. A. financial B. social C. technological D. potential43. A. initiate B. originate C. withdraw D. profit44. A. asking B. paying C. charging D. harvesting45. A. cheaper B. faulty C. lighter D. bad46. A. ok B. terrific C. incredible D. horrible47. A. honored B. equipped C. justified D. promoted48. A. maintaining B. struggling C. ensuring D. reflecting49. A. consumer B. manufacturer C. market D. organizer50. A. mess around B. make off C. show off D. stand aside51. A. hold on to B. come up with C. get away with D. carry away with52. A. minimize B. upgrade C. publicize D. abandon53. A. recalling B. breaking C. describing D. examining54. A. However B. Meanwhile C. Instead D. Therefore55. A. easier B. nicer C.harder D. rarerSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Sleeper trains occupy a romantic corner of any traveler’s soul. One of HerculePoirot’smost fascinating adventures takes place on the Simplon Orient Express, which used to run from Paris to Istanbul. A famous scene in Alfred Hitchcock’s “North by Northwest” features a night train entering a tunnel. James Bond, meanwhile, detects a spy on a sleeper train after noticing him behave suspiciously in the dining car.In some parts of the world, the nostalgia（怀旧）lives on. The Caledonian Sleeper,complete with smartly dressed waiters, neeps and tatties（白萝卜泥和土豆泥）and a selection of whiskies,is the best way to travel between London and Scotland. Elsewhere, however, sleepers are on their last legs. Flights across Europe have become so cheap that fewer and fewer travelers bother with sleeper trains. Sensing that the end is approaching, Andrew Martin, a British writer, has written a book about the sleeper.“Night Trains” is a brief history of the mode, combined with accounts of journey s Mr. Martin has taken on sleeper routes across Europe. The reader joins him on a train Munich, where he eats a tuna sandwich on board. Travelling from Paris to Venice, he thinks he has been robbed of $105. The service to Nice is cancelled, yet such is his love for sleeping aboard that he spends the night on the train as it sits on the platform.These stories make clear that the golden age of the sleeper train is long past. How different things were in the 19th century, when a passenger on the Orient Express could dine on delicacies and good wines. The only modern-day sleeper train which comes up to the Mr. Martin’s exacting standards is the Nordland, which travels towards northern Norway.Those who have no experience of the sleeper trains often ask sleeper enthusiasts: “Do you sleep?” After a read of Mr. Martin’s book, the answer would seem to be a definite “no”: the noise of the train wakes him up time and again. Still, it is hard not to be won over by his enthusiasm. Catch the sleeper train, before it’s to o late.56. What can we learn from the underlined sentence in paragraph two?A. Sleeper trains are the last means of transportation for travelers.B. Travelers tend to fall asleep toward the end of their trip.C. Travelers are too exhausted to walk any longer.D. Sleeper trains are becoming out of fashion.57. After reading the book Night Trains, readers ________.A. may enjoy the scenery on their journey from London to Scotland.B. can have the opportunity to travel on the best train in Europe.C. may have a basic understanding of the history of sleeper trains.D. cannot find a similar train living up to the standards of Mr. Martin.58. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. The noise of the train makes it impossible for travelers to sleep well.B. Readers may be discouraged from riding on sleeper trains.C. The writer of the passages suggests not spending nights aboard.D. For enthusiasts, the love for sleepers outweighs the inconvenience caused.59. The author’s purpose of writing the passag e is to ________.A. introduce readers to a new book about sleeper trainsB. compare the advantages of sleeper trains in different periodsC. inform the readers of the rise and fall of sleeper trainsD. recall readers’ memory of an old-fashioned means of transportation(B)Bringing tech into the bedroom can be more harmful than helpful. Glancing at your phone before hitting the bed may be distracting and, more important, the blue light its screen emits is known to make falling asleep more difficult. But tha t’s not true for all gadgets. These smart-home devices want to invade your bedroom with the aim of improving your sleep.60. All the following gadgets help you with sleep with body contact EXCEPT ________.A.Muse HeadbandB.Here One Smart EarbudsC.Apple I-phoneD. D. S+sleep Monitor61. What is NOT true about blue light?A. Frequent use of cell phones leads to much emission of blue light.B. It makes it harder for your body to produce an essential chemical.C. The Night Shift feature can probably reduce the emission of blue light.D. Blue light reminds you to get to bed and regulates your sleep.62. What’s the b est title for the passage?A. Sleep, something well deservedB. Sleep, thy（你的）name is gadgetC. Sleep, a mission made impossibleD. Sleep, highly dependent on tech(C)Earlier this year a series of papers in The Lancet reported that 85 percent of the $265 billion spent each year on medical research is wasted because too often absolutely nothing happens after initial results of a study are published. No follow-up investigations to replicate(复制) or expand on a discovery. No one uses the findings to build new technologies.The problem is not just what happens after publication —scientists often have trouble choosing the right questions and properly designing studies to answer them. Too many studies test too few subjects to arrive at firm conclusions. Researchers publish reports on hundreds of treatments for diseases that work in animal models but not in humans. Drug companies find themselves unable to reproduce promising drug targets published by the best academic institutions. The growing recognition that something has gone wrong in the laboratory has led to calls for, as one might guess, more research on research — attempts to find rules to ensure that peer-reviewed studies are, in fact, valid.It will take a concerted effort by scientists and other stakeholders to fix this problem. We can do so by exploring ways to make scientific investigation more reliable and efficient. These may include collaborative team science, study registration, stronger study designs and statistical tools, and better peer review, along with making scientific data widely available so that others can replicate experiments, therefore building trust in the conclusions of those studies.Reproducing other scientists’ analyses or replicating their results has too often in the past been look ed down on with a kind of “me-too” derision(嘲笑) that would waste resources — but often they may help avoid false leads that would have been even more wasteful. Perhaps the biggest obstacle to replication is the inaccessibility of data and results necessary to rerun theanalyses that went into the original experiments. Searching for such information can be extremely difficult. Investigators die, move and change jobs; computers crash; online links malfunction. Data are sometimes lost — even, as one researcher claimed when confronted about spurious(伪造的) results, eaten by termites(白蚁).There has definitely been some recent progress. An increasing number of journals, including Nature and Science, have adopted measures such as checklists for study design and reporting while improving statistical review and encouraging access to data. Several funding agencies, meanwhile, have asked that researchers outline their plans for sharing data before they can receive a government grant.But it will take much more to achieve a lasting culture change. Investigators should be rewarded for performing good science rather than just getting statistically significant (“positive”) but nonreplicable results. Revising the present incentive(激励) structure may require changes on the part of journals, funders, universities and other research institutions.63. What is the problem reported in those papers in The Lancet?A. Great achievements in medical research failed to get published.B. Money was wasted on follow-up investigations in medical research.C. Too many new research findings are not put into use after publication.D. Few scientists are devoted to building new technologies for mankind.64. Which of the following situation is most similar to the problem described in paragraph 2?A. A high school decides to cut its art programs due to the lack of fund.B. A patient gets sicker because he does not follow the doctor’s advice.C. A marketing firm tests a website with participants that are not target population.D. A drug company fails to produce the new drug due to no access to the latest data.65. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A. Measures are taken to ensure publication of tested results only.B. Scientific experiments must be replicable to be considered valid.C. Experiment replication is unoriginal and not worthwhile.D. Rewards should be given only to those nonreplicable findings.66.The purpose of this article is to ___________.A. argue that scientific research lacks efficiencyB. explain the result of a recent scientific studyC. introduce some recent progress in medical researchD. highlight the possible problems of research studiesSection CDirections:Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The way individuals collectively remember, forget, and recall event, people, places, etc, has been an important topic of research on collective memory. 47.______ He developed the concept of collective memory, arguing that individuals memories are only understood within the context of a group through time and space.48. They include theoretical concepts, the study of historical sources, oral histories, case studies, interviews, and survey. For example, one group of research carried out several interviews to investigate younger and older American adults for three wars, namely, the Civil War, World War II, and the Iraq War. Although Americans of different ages recalled similar events, the interpretation of some events changed over the generations: both younger and older adults recalled the bombings of Hiroshina and Nigasak; however, they differed in how they rated the bombings.More recently, memory study scholars tend to stress the significance of the media in shaping collective memories: “ Culture an individuals memory are constantly produced through the technology of memory.” Under this perspective, research often involves content analysis of newsand the use of surveys or interviews for analyzing the public memory. Alternatively, scholars have studied the role of journalists as collective memory agents by manually analyzing the stories journalists tell as professionals and the stories they tell about their profession. 49.However, developments in digital technologies in recent years have significantly influenced how we track of events both as individuals and as a collective,” The Internet doesn’t forget. “The Internet has had strong impacts on memory and the processes of remembering and forgetting 50.. Analyzing different Web documents, researchers have shown that more recent past events are remembered more vividly in the present.IV. Summary Writing (10%)Directions:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.An Extension of the Human BrainOther people can help us compensate for our mental and emotional deficiencies (欠缺)，much as a wooden leg can compensate for a physical deficiency . To be exact, other people can extend our intelligence and help us understand and adjust our emotions. When another person helps us in such ways , he or she is participating in what I’ve called a “ social prosthetic (义肢的) system.” Such systems do not need to operate face-to face, and it’s clear to me that the Internet is expanding the range of my own social prosthetic system. It’s already a big bank of many minds. Even in its current state, the Internet has extended my memory and judgment.Regar ding memory: Once I look up something on the Internet, I don’t need to keep all the details for future use ------I know where to find that information again and can quickly and easily do particularly striking when I’m writing; I ‘m no longer comfortable writing if I ’m not connected to the Internet. It’s become natural to check facts as I write, taking a minute or two to dip into PubMed, Wikipedia, or other websites.Regarding judgment: The Internet has made me smarter in matters small and large. For exampl e, when I ‘m writing a textbook, it has become second nature to check a dozen definitions of a key term, which helps me dig into the core and understand its meaning. But more than that, I now regularly compare my views with those of many others. If I have a “new idea”, I now quicklylook to see whether somebody else has already thought of it, or something similar-and I then compare what I think with what others have thought. This certainly makes my own views clearer. Moreover, I can find out whether my reactions to an event are reasonable enough by reading about those of others on the Internet.________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ 60V. Translation (15%)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.周末你常常挤出一些时间帮父母做家务吗？（spare）73.人工智能最终替代人类是不可能的。