雅思功能词汇

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雅思核心4000词汇

雅思核心4000词汇

词汇总结基础阅读词汇:education 教育aspect 方面community 社区、社会reflect 反映、表现attitude 态度、看法unspoken 未说出口的、没人理睬的belief 信仰、信念custom 风俗curriculum 课程assessment 评价、评估expectation 期待、期望behave 做出行为-动词behavior 行为rule 准则、规章cover 覆盖、包含duty 职责、义务conduct 行为、操行virtuous 有道德的proper 适当的、有礼貌的manner 礼貌marry 结婚company 陪伴permit 允许、许可dye 染loiter 闲逛、虚度function 功能、典礼church 教堂regularly 有规律地、有规则地alcohol 酒精、酒Bible《圣经》country school 乡村学校coal 煤bucket 桶sweep 打扫、清扫tidy 整齐的、整洁的despite 虽然、尽管stipulate 规定、保证content 内容arithmetic 算术Christianity 基督教literacy 有文化、有读写能力religious 宗教上的corporal 身体的、肉体的(同义词:physical)stick 棍子strap 皮带naughty 调皮的、顽皮的unruly 不守规矩的、不受约束的schooling 学校教育engage 从事caretaking 关心、照料nevertheless 然而、不过creatively 具有创造性地stimulate 刺激、激励strict 严格的、严谨的protocol 草案、协议illegal 非法的、违法的hit 打、打击dismiss 开除、解雇instantly 马上、立刻(同义词:quickly, rapidly, immediately)secular 现世的、非宗教的acceptable 可以接受的、合意的appropriate 适当的sophistication 混合、混乱workplace 工作场所、车间career 职业expand 膨胀、发展challenge 挑战diverse 不同的researcher 研究者cleaner 清洁员societal 社会的fill 填充、填补smack 用掌拍打/击打silence 静、安静method 方法influence 影响discipline 学科、纪律participate 参加、参与achievement 成就similar 相似的lifestyle 生活方式ownership 所有权、拥有权diverse 不同的(同义词:different, various, a variety of, varied, a range of)pupil 小学生consider 考虑length 长度topic 主题inflexible 不灵活的、不能融通的arrangement 安排loose 宽松的、自由的cactus 仙人掌relate 有联系、有关系dry 干燥的(反义词:humid 湿润的、wet 潮湿的)sandy 沙的、沙质的rocky 多岩石的Kalahari 喀拉哈里沙漠(南部非洲的沙漠高原)desert 沙漠distance 距离tall 高的(反义词:short矮的)across 横向的traditional 传统的(同义词:conventional, conservative, orthodox)hunter 猎人harsh 荒无人烟的material 材料、原料、物资possessions 财产(动词形式:possess 拥有、占有、持有)unemployment 失业poverty 贫穷、贫困alcoholism 酗酒tribe 部落、部族disappear 消失、不见lifestyle 生活方式attractive 具有吸引力的outsider 外界的人crop 农作物、庄稼originate 起源、来自(衍生词:origin 起因、原有、起源-名词,original 最初的、原始的、独创的-形容词)staple 主要的garlic 大蒜ginger 生姜headache 头痛toothache 牙痛magnolia 玉兰类植物cancer 癌症cure 治愈disease 疾病hunger 饥饿、渴望famine 饥荒starving 饥饿(但形容饥饿的程度比较深,都快要饿死了)survive 生存、存活strength 力量、力气energy 能量、活力normal 正常的、常态的chemical 化学的;化学制品、化学药品scientist 科学家(衍生词:science 科学)discover 发现、发觉(衍生词:discovery 发现)contain 包含、包括(同义词:involve, include, consist of)substance 物质stomach 胃、胃部(brain 大脑,heart 心脏,lung 肺部,kidney 肾)full 满的(反义词:empty 空的)pharmaceutical 制药的promising 有希望的、有前途的obesity 肥胖adult 成年人estimate 估计、评估overweight 超重的obese 肥胖的simple 简单的、朴素的nourishing 有营养的afford 负担、承担expensive 昂贵的fatty 富含脂肪的slim 苗条的、纤细的healthy 健康的descendant 子孙、后代ready-made 现成的、做好的convenient 便利的、便捷的taste 味道fat 脂肪;肥的、胖的salt 盐solution 解决办法、解决方案ideal 理想的right 权利;正确的secret 秘密;秘密的profit 利润herd 放牧cow 奶牛diet 食物majority 主要、多数(反义词:minority 少数)scarce 匮乏的、稀缺的sort 种类、类别compare 比较desire 渴望overcome 克服、解决ancient 古代的、远古的major 主要的issue 问题appear 出现、看来financial 财政的、金融的spread 传播、蔓延、伸展supply 供给、供应addiction 沉溺、上瘾widespread 分布广泛的、普遍的cruel 残忍的、残酷的unkind 不仁慈的、无情的alive 活着的prickly 多刺的solid 固体powder 粉末maintain 维持、继续drought 干旱tongue 舌头、说话方式well-known 众所周知的、有名的advertisement 广告(衍生词:advertise 做广告、登广告-动词;advertiser 登广告者、广告客户-名词;advertising 广告业、广告-动名词)main 主要的、重要的aim 目的、目标honest (反义词:dishonest 不忠实的、不诚实的-形容词)rarely 很少地、罕见地(衍生词:rare 稀罕的、杰出的)puffery 鼓吹、吹捧worldwide 全世界的statement (衍生词:state )term 学期、条款、术语develop 发展exaggerate 夸张、夸大claim 声称、主张legal 合法的(反义词:illegal 违法的、非法的-形容词)prove 证明、证实licence 执照、许可证lie 说谎vague 含糊的、暧昧的class 把…分类、把…分等级option 选择(衍生词:choice)expression 表达salesperson 售货员、销售员(同义词:seller)evaluation 评价、估计(衍生词:evaluate 评价、评估-动词)product 产品、产物(衍生词:produce 产物、农产品,生产、制造-名词、动词,production 生产、产品)objective 客观的subjective 主观的identify 识别、鉴别(衍生词:identity 身份、特性-名词,identification 辨认、鉴定,identifiable 可以识别的、可以鉴别的-形容词,identifiably 可以识别地、可以鉴别地-副词)document 文件、文档(衍生词:documentary 文件的,纪录片-名词)notion 观念、想法(衍生词:note 注意、记录-名词)caveat 警告、告诫transaction 交易(衍生词:transact 交易、处理-动词)initially 最初、开头(衍生词:initial 最初的、初始的)property 财产、特征deal 交易、生意(衍生词:dealer 生意人)Latin 拉丁语、拉丁语的basically 基本上、主要地(衍生词:basic 基本的-形容词,basis 基础、基本-名词)mean 意思是、意谓responsibility 责任、职责(衍生词:response 响应、反应-名词,respond 回答、响应-动词,responsible 有责任的、负责的-形容词)check 检查、核对payment 报酬、支付(衍生词:pay 支付、给予-名词,payable 可支付的-形容词)defect 过失、缺点(衍生词:defective 有缺陷的)deliberately 蓄意地、故意地(衍生词:deliberate 深思熟虑的、故意的)conceal 隐藏、隐蔽(衍生词:concealment 隐藏、隐蔽-名词)policy 政策、方针proof 证据、校对affect 影响competitor 竞争对手、竞争者(衍生词:compete 竞争、比赛-动词,competition 竞争、比赛-名词)statistics 统计学(衍生词:statistic, statistical 统计的、统计学的-形容词)run 运转、运行(同义词:manage, operate)investigate 调查、研究(衍生词:investigation 调查、研究-名词,investigator 调查人-名词)insurance 保险finance 金融、财政(衍生词:financial 财政的、金融的)service 服务therefore 因此、所以(衍生词:so, thus)careful 小心的、仔细的(衍生词:care 关心、顾虑-动词)factual 事实的、实际的(衍生词:fact 事实、实情-名词)assertion 主张、断言(衍生词:assert 声称、断言-动词)regarding 关于quality 品质、质量goods 货物、物品oversee 监视、检查validity 有效性council 理事会、委员会authority 权威、权利overstep 踏过、越过limit 极限、限度raise 提出generate 产生(衍生词:generation 产生、一代-名词)strategy 战略、策略(衍生词:strategic, strategically 战略的、策略的/战略地,策略地-形容词)superlative 最高的various 不同的、多种多样的(衍生词:variety 品种、种类,vary 改变、变更-动词)specific 具体的(衍生词:specifically 具体地、明确地-副词,specification 详述、规范-名词)concern 关心、关注mislead 误导(衍生词:lead 引导-动词)false 错误的prevent 阻止、预防(衍生词:preventable 可以预防的、可以阻止的-形容词)understandably 可以理解地(衍生词:understand 理解-动词,understandable 可以理解的-形容词)object 反对、抗议(同义词:refuse, refute, argue against)untruthful 不真实的、虚伪的(衍生词:truth 事实、真理-名词,true 真实的、真正的-形容词,truthful 诚实的-形容词)unfair 不公平的(衍生词:fair 公平的-形容词)advantage 优势、优点(反义词:disadvantage 略势、缺点-名词)court 法院、法庭、球场clarify 澄清、阐明(衍生词:clarification 澄清-名词)boundary 边界、分界线acceptable 可以接受的(衍生词:accept 接受-名词)best-loved 最喜爱的favorite 喜欢的人、物或事情brand 牌子make 品牌similarly 相似地、相似的是(衍生词:similar 相似的-形容词)expect 期待、期望(衍生词:expectation 期望、期待-名词,expectable 预料中的-形容词,unexpectable 无法预料的-形容词)boast 自夸consider 考虑、照顾(衍生词:considerate 考虑周到的-形容词,considerable 值得考虑的,相当多的-形容词,consideration 考虑-名词)deceptive 带有欺骗性的(衍生词:deception欺骗-名词)primary 初级的、主要的inform 告知monitor 监督、监管ensure 确保、保证argue 争论、辩论technique 技术、技巧、手段(technical 技术的、技巧的-形容词,technician 技师、技术员)otherwise 另外、否则unnoticed 被忽视的、未被注意到的(衍生词:notice 注意、观察-动词,noticeable 显而易见的-形容词,unnoticeable 不明显的-形容词)crowded 拥挤的、塞满的(衍生词:crowd 拥挤、塞满-动词)aspect 方面relatively 相对地(衍生词:relative 相关的、相对的-形容词,relate 联系-动词)harmless 无害的(衍生词:harm 损害、伤害-名词,harmful 有害的、伤害的-形容词)integral 完整的、整体的(衍生词:integrate 整合、结合-动词,integration 联合、结合-名词)detect 发觉、探测(衍生词:detective 察觉的、侦探的-形容词)delight 高兴、欣喜(衍生词:delightful 高兴的、欣喜的、令人愉快的-形容词)discount 折扣fee 费、费用description 描述、记叙(衍生词:describe 描述、记叙-动词)discussion 讨论(衍生词:discuss 讨论-动词)issue 问题comparison 比较(衍生词:compare 比较、对比-动词)contrast 对照、对比guilty 内疚的、有罪的(衍生词:guilt 内疚、罪行-名词)summary 总结(衍生词:summarise 总结-动词)definition 定义(衍生词:define 下定义-动词)determine 决定、确定(衍生词:determination 决定、确定-名词)chainsaw 链锯recent 最近的、近期的(衍生词:recently 最近地、近期地-副词)reality 现实(衍生词:realistic 现实的-形容词)realization 意识(衍生词:realize 意识、了解到-动词)detailed 详尽的、详细的(衍生词:detail 细节、详情-名词)gasoline 汽油(同义词:petrol)own拥有(衍生词:owner)advantage 优势、优点(反义词:disadvantage)mobility 灵活机动性specific 具体的(衍生词:specify 详述、说明-动词,specification 详述、规范-名词)vital 生死攸关的、重大的affair 事物、事件automobile 汽车(同义词:car, vehicle)relationship 关系、关联love-hate 爱恨的cherish 珍爱、怀抱undeniably 不可否认的convenient (衍生词:convenience)industry 工业、产业、行业commerce 商业(衍生词:commercial 商业的-形容词)prosper (衍生词:prosperous)unfortunately 不幸地(衍生词:fortune 运气、命运-名词,fortunate 幸运的、幸福的-形容词,fortunately 幸运地、幸福地-副词)downside 负面、缺点(反义词:upside 正面、优点)pollution 污染manufacture 制造(衍生词:manufacturer 制造商-名词,manufacturing 制造业-名词)purpose-build 依某种目的而建造factory 工厂(同义词:plant, mill)entrepreneur 企业家launch 投放、开发、发起admirable 值得赞美的、极美的philosophy 哲理、哲学venture 冒险、风险desire 想往、期望motoring 驾车afford 承担(衍生词:affordable 可承担的、可负担的-形容词,unaffordable 不可承担的、不可负担的-形容词)ultra-affordable 最终可以负担的so-called 所谓的determine 决定、确定status 身份、地位comfort 舒适、安慰protection 保护(衍生词:protect 保护-动词,protective 予以保护的、保护的-形容词)previous 在前的、早先的vehicle 交通工具、车辆two-wheeled 两轮的scooter 小型摩托车three-wheeled 三轮的motorized 机动化的、摩托化的(衍生词:motor 汽车)rickshaw 人力车transport 运输potential 潜在的、可能的;潜力、潜能extensive 广泛的、广大的predictable 可预测的(衍生词:predict 预测、预言-动词,unpredictable 不可预测的-形容词)explosion 爆发、爆炸inevitable 不可避免的(同义词:inescapable, unavoidable)wisdom 智慧、明智warning 警告、预告consequence 后果massive 大量的compelling 强迫的、引人注目的argument 争论、辩论definite 明确的、一定的connection 关系、连接worsen 恶化、损害(衍生词:worse 更坏的、更恶略的-形容词)respectively 各自地、分别地(同义词:personally, individually, subjectively)critical 批评的、危机的、严重的release 释放dramatically 极大地、引人注目地(同义词strikingly, noticeably, remarkably)affect 影响concern 考虑、忧虑aspect 方面stuck 被卡住import 进口(反义词:export出口)approximately 大约地、大概地(同义词:nearly, about, around)dependence 依赖、依靠(衍生词:dependent 依赖的、依靠的-形容词,independence 独立、自主-名词,independent 独立的、自主的-形容词)effect 效果、结果uniquely 唯一地、独特地solution 解答、解决办法benefit (反义词:drawback)applaud 称赞、赞同mode 方式、模式descendant 子孙、后代、后裔(同义词:offspring)regard 看待、当作original 最初的、原始的(衍生词:origin 起源、根源-名词,originate 起源、发生-动词)invention 发明(衍生词:invent 发明、创造-动词)percentage 百分比、百分率conventional 习俗的、传统的(同义词:traditional, orthodox, conservative)elite 精锐、精华crisis 危机unfair 不公平的(衍生词:fair 公平的-形容词)decrease 减少、降低(衍生词:reduce, diminish, cut back, fall, drop)negative 被动的(反义词:positive 主动的)synonym 同义词overcrowding 拥挤的、阻塞的approve 赞成、同意chilling 恐怖的purchaser 消费者(衍生词:purchase 消费-动词,purchasing 消费的-形容词)violent 暴力的、强烈的(衍生词:violence 暴力-名词)whereby 凭什么、为何compensation 补偿(衍生词:compensate 偿还、补偿-动词)favorable 赞成的、有利的traffic 交通congestion 拥塞(同义词:jam, conjunction, gridlock)cycling 骑脚踏车(衍生词:bicycle 脚踏车,cyclist 骑脚踏车的人)stuck 被粘住的(衍生词:stuck是stick的过去式和过去分词)breathe 呼吸、发出diesel 柴油机、柴油味fume (浓烈或难闻的)烟、气commute (乘坐交通工具)往来college 大学、学院issue 问题;发行despite 不论、尽管flyover过街天桥lane 街道、车道(同义词:street, road, avenue, pathway)consideration 考虑、体谅(衍生词:consider 考虑、体谅-动词,considerable 值得考虑的、数量相当大的-形容词,considerate 考虑周到的-形容词)car-friendly 汽车友好型的humble 微贱的、粗陋的fuel 燃料unharmed 为受伤害的(衍生词:harm 伤害、损害-名词或动词,harmful 有害的、伤害的-形容词,harmless 无害的-形容词)cost-effective 成本有效的,划算的efficient 生效的、奏效的enormous 巨大的、庞大的parking 停车;停车的inner 内部的、里面的(反义词:outer 外面的-形容词;衍生词:exterior 外面的-形容词,interior 里面的-形容词)motorway 机动车道alternative 替代物ownership 所有权registration 注册、报道(衍生词:register 注册-动词)fee 费mechanical 机械的、呆板的expense 费用、开支risk 冒险(衍生词:risky 危险的-形容词)vulnerable 易受攻击的(反义词:invulnerable 不受伤害的、无懈可击的-形容词)metal 金属shell 外壳protect 保护(衍生词:protection 保护-名词)document 文件、文档(衍生词:documentary 纪录片-名词)backpack 背包accident 意外事故helmet 头盔fatal 致命的(同义词:deadly 致命性的-形容词)requirement 要求(衍生词:require 要求-动词)sensible 明智的(衍生词:sensitive 敏感的-形容词,sensibility 敏感性-名词)essential 必要的employer 雇主(衍生词:employ 雇佣-动词,employee 雇员-名词,employment 雇佣-名词,unemployment 失业-名词)secure 安全的、可靠的rack 架、行李架theft 偷窃、偷盗provision 分配、供应locker 带锁的橱柜fleet 快速的、敏捷的errand 差事、使命necessity 必要性、必须品(衍生词:necessary 必要的)convenient 便捷的、方便的pedestrian 步行者collide 碰撞restriction 限制、约束(衍生词:restrict 限制、约束-动词,restrictive 限制性的-形容词)car-free 汽车禁行的priority 优先权presence 出席、到场(衍生词:present 出席的、到场的-形容词)stand 展台、看台、立足点deposit 押金;堆积(同义词:accumulate 积累、堆积-动词)refund 退还、返还(衍生词:refundable 可返还的-形容词,nonrefundable 不可返还的)crossing 十字路口、交叉口(同义词:intersection)discourage 使气馁(反义词:encourage 鼓励-动词)private 私人的proportion 比例forward-thinking 前瞻的demonstrate 证明、论证subsidize 资助、补贴curb 控制、限制dominance 统治、优势(衍生词:dominant 统治的、占优势的-形容词)expansion 膨胀、扩张(衍生词:expand 膨胀、扩张-动词)lessen 减少、降低(同义词:reduce, decrease, fall, drop, diminish, cut back)bright-colored 颜色鲜亮的tax 税费petrol 汽油(同义词:gasoline)ban 禁止、取缔hedge 障碍物item 物料、项目value 价值(衍生词:valuable 有价值的、贵重的-形容词invaluable 无价的-形容词;valuation 估价、评价-名词)central 中心的、中央的(衍生词:center 中心)various 不同的、多样的(variety 品种、种类-名词;)monetary 货币的、金钱的direct 指引、指示psychological 心理上的、心理学的(衍生词:psychology 心理学-名词;psychologically 心理上地、心理学地)political 政治的、行政的(衍生词:politics 政治、政治学-名词;politician 政治家-名词)influence 影响、改变humankind 人类barter 物品交换、实物交易exchange 交换、交易goods 货物crop 农作物exist 存在(衍生词:existence 存在、实在perishable 容易腐烂的(衍生词:perish 腐烂、枯萎)commodity 日用品tobacco 烟草cattle 牛evolve 发展、进展、进化coin 硬币grain 谷物harvest 收获、收割progression 阶段、级数shell 贝壳bead 珠子cowry 宝贝、贝壳mock 仿制的、假的metal 金属currency 流通、通货(衍生词:current 当前的、通用的、流通的-形容词;电流、水流、气流-名词)chain 用链条拴住silver 银gold 金god 神、上帝emperor 皇帝、君主imprint 留下烙印surface 外表、表面bar 条、棒means 手段、方法(同义词:technique, way, method)Greek 希腊人(衍生词:Greece 希腊)Roman 罗马人(衍生词:Rome 罗马)scarce 稀有的、不足的(衍生词:scarcity 缺乏、不足-名词;scarcely 几乎不、简直没有-副词)bronze 铜质的、青铜的available 可利用的diminish 减少、降低(同义词:reduce, decrease, fall, drop, cut back)leather 皮革、皮革制品edge 裁边、镶边resemble 像、类似(同义词:similar)issue 发行onwards 向前地representative 代表的(衍生词:representation 代表、表现-名词)accumulate 集聚、堆积precious 宝贵的、珍重的receipt 收据、收条form 形式;形成significant 有意义的、重大的、重要的promise 承诺、允诺、答应permanent 永久的、持久的circulate 流通、循环(衍生词:circulation 流通、循环-名词)banknote 钞票fiat 命令、法令、许可standard 标准的declare 宣布、宣告auction 拍卖ancient 远古的mint 铸造stash 隐藏drawer 抽屉rare 稀罕的、珍贵的enhance 提高、增强favourite 特别喜爱的chance (机会、可能性—名词;偶然发生—动词) savoury 可口的flavour (滋味、香味—名词;增添调味—动词) consumption 消费、消耗(consume 消耗;consumer 顾客)processed food 加工食品aware 意识到的taste v品尝;n 味道bland 乏味的;冷漠的technology 技术,术语sacrifice (牺牲,祭品—名词;牺牲,奉献—动词)tongue 舌头,语言tiny 微小的,很少的bump n肿块、隆起物;v撞击;adv 猛烈地typically 特色地poisonous 有毒的natural 自然的,天生的(nature 自然,本性;nurture 养育,培养)trigger 触发,引发mimic 模仿ingredient 要素、组成部分quantity 数量、大量artificial 人造的,虚伪的target 目标receptor 接收器,感觉器官sensitive敏感的,易受伤害的molecule 分子,微粒substance 物质,资产potential 潜在的bitter 苦的,尖刻的reverse 颠倒block 阻止,限制persuade 劝说protein 蛋白质marketplace 市场significant 重大的,有意义的stimulate 刺激media 媒体animate v使有生气,推动adj 有生命的character 特征,字符generation 产生,一代人mention 说起,提及effect 效果,作用fantasy 幻觉,幻想humanoid 像人的sophisticated adj. 久经世故的;富有经验的;精致的;复杂的creative 创造性的amazing 令人惊讶的creature 生物,人genuinely真诚地;诚实地indistinguishable 不能区别的,不易察觉的elusive 难懂的,遗忘的imagine想象complex 复杂的,合成的realistic 现实的,逼真的mirror 反映,反射frown 皱眉,不同意skeleton 骨骼laser 激光scan 扫描,浏览conscious 意识到的,故意的feature 特征,容貌design 设计,构思component 成分,组件capture 俘获,获得upload 上传painstaking 辛苦的,勤勉的numerous 很多的approximately 大约,近于extremely 极端地challenge 挑战immediately 直接地,立刻reaction 反应,感应negative 否定的,消极的christen 为---洗礼、命名positive 积极的exactly 精确地,准确地absolutely 绝对地,完整地shelter避难所protection 保护unique 唯一的,稀罕的realize 实现,认识到eventually 最后,终于meaningless 无意义的,无目的,imitate 模仿nonetheless 虽然如此,但是occur 发生,出现immense 巨大的declare 宣传,申明nonsense 胡说,废话repeat 重复cuddle拥抱,依偎stress强调handle 处理,运用complicated 复杂的,难懂的identify 识别,确定master 控制,精通indeed真正的persistence 持续adventure冒险communicate通讯,传达speech 演讲attention注意intelligence 智力variation变异average 平均common 普通的,共同的precise 精确的,严格的Sponsorship 赞助commercialization 商业化dramatically 引人注目地athlete 运动员marketable有销路的commodity 日用品,商品massive大量的concede 承认subtly 敏锐地financial 财务的assistance 帮助organization组织participate参加entertainment娱乐promote促成,提升factor因素payoff报酬relief 减轻misbehave 行为不礼貌convey 传达controversy争论harshly严厉地alongside在旁边endorsement 认可,赞同restrict限制professional 职业的trend趋势equipment设备compete竞争amateur业余的essential 必要地,基础的prestigious有名望的spectacular壮观的individual 个人的performance表演compromise妥协atrocious 残暴的awkward 尴尬的,笨拙的profile 侧面distribution 分配weird 不可思议的wonderful 奇妙的tourism旅行ancient古代Announce 宣布honorary 荣誉的ruin 毁坏magnificent 壮丽的status 地位defend 防御attract吸引bungee蹦极available 有效地,可利用的steep 陡峭的imagine 想象messy肮脏的annual年度的scenery 风景activity 活动adventure 冒险inclusion包含original 原始的towering 卓越的downright 彻底ankle 脚踝injured 受伤的wizard 奇才existence 存在smoothly 平稳地Connection 连接wireless 无线的system 系统electrical 电子的Comfort 安慰flexibility适应性chore 家庭杂务recipe 食谱necessary必要的channel 频道conjunction 连接energy能源surveillance监视deterrent遏制的chaos 混乱prevail 盛行occupant 居住者snack 小吃brigade大部队activate 使活动thermostat恒温器architect 建筑商developer开发商criminal罪犯精读:wise聪明的(同义词:brilliant smart clever intelligent)philosopher/philosophy哲学家ignorance无知bizarre奇异的bazaar集市chef 厨师alternative交替的civilization文明culturally从文化角度debate 辩论enslave束缚poison毒药supposedly恐怕bronze青铜ceramics制陶业devastating毁灭性的excavate挖掘iron烙铁structure构造tidal潮汐的,潮水的boxing拳击discus铁饼disorganized紊乱的fence击剑funeral葬礼honor向某人表示敬意sailing航行wrestling摔跤creed信条opponent对手prohibit禁止score分数strip脱衣struggle奋斗trick诡计triumph胜利curious好奇的current 现在的exhibition展览exploration探险launch发射telescope望眼镜venture冒险buffet自助餐dilemma进退两难exchange交换frontier边境massive大量的noble贵族的bother烦扰contemporary当代的ignorant无知的outlandish奇特的pioneer 先锋reservation保留diverse不同德entrust委托hazardous冒险的metaphor隐喻mythical 神话的narrow-minded心胸狭窄represent 代表captivate使迷惑fantasy人造的lodger房客recount叙述excessively过分地irrational无理的sole唯一的toil辛苦well-being安康activist激进主义分子capitalism资本主义dramatic突然的ironic讽刺意味的pilfer小偷小摸underdog失败者well-intentioned出于好意affluent富裕的countless无数的income收入pursue追求measure测量prosperous繁荣的source资源virtuous有道德的study调查poverty贫困secret秘密moral道德alternatively或者bizarre奇异的carnivore食肉动物extinct灭绝herbivore 食草动物mammal 哺乳动物parasite寄生生物perennial长期的reptile爬行动物comprehend理解fossil化石imagine想象record记录scholar学者erupt爆发incalculable无数的lava熔岩meteorite陨星specifically具体的chamber房间item项目manuscript手稿reef礁terracotta赤陶土hollow凹陷处delay推迟drill钻孔mystery神秘的事物parchment羊皮纸pit地洞solve解决vault保鲜库adapt使适应armor盔甲arrow箭bare赤裸的drown淹死exhausted筋疲力尽mobile能快速移动rally集合band伙defeat失败vile糟透的admit准许加入ban禁止century世纪classical古典的college学院controversy争论ivy常青藤swiftly迅速地institution公共机构doctorate博士学位development发展ecology生态学extinction灭绝habitat栖息地propose建议species物种theory理论estimate估计observation观察resource资源scarce缺乏的modify修改wrinkle皱纹complication混乱diverse不同的evaluate评估extensive广泛的facility设备qualification资格desperate 绝望的,不顾一切的horn角outcast 被抛弃的人psychiatrist精神科医生rib肋骨waist腰enroll登记entrust 委托基础口语词汇:Routine日常的scarcely几乎不competitive竞争的develop发展,开发final决赛semi-final半决赛badminton羽毛球facility设施equipment设备racket球拍suit 套装sponsor 赞助商adventurous爱冒险的endurance耐力veteran老手leisure空闲challenge挑战championship锦标赛competition竞争tournament 联赛arena竞技场coach教练court法院gymnasium体育场opponent对手opposition反对方referee裁判员reserve预留stadium体育场dramatic引人注目的memorable难忘的thrilling 令人兴奋地tough坚强的uneventful不重要的exhilarating令人愉快的attack攻击bowl保龄球catch抓住chase试图赢得defend防护hockey曲棍球soccer足球rugby橄榄球athletics 体育运动squash壁球educational教育的fashioned…式的modern现代的scary胆小的terrifying令人恐惧的interesting有趣的fascinating吸引人的funny有趣的amusing有趣的humorous 幽默的exciting使人激动地boring无聊的relaxing令人轻松地popular流行的famous著名的trustworthy可靠地thoughtful体贴的reliable可靠地considerable值得考虑的adventurous大胆的supportive支持的patient耐心的cheerful高兴地generous慷慨的brave勇敢地social社交的outgoing外向的caring关心的honest 诚实的accurate精确地bold大胆的bright愉快的catchy引人注意的colorful富有色彩的distinctive有特色的elegant优雅的humorous幽默的imaginary虚构的subject主题班级class 班级physics物理chemistry化学maths 数学compulsory义务的optional选择的co-ed混校single sex单一性别private私立public公立discipline纪律homework作业assignment功课test测验mark分数exam考试primary初级的secondary中级的naughty淘气的sports运动library图书馆language语言history历史culture文化strict严格corporal 身体的punishment惩罚detention拘留rule统治uniform制服gymnasium健身房laboratory 实验室absent缺席的attendance 出席junior初级的senior高级的science科学major专业hamburger汉堡包noodles面条biscuit饼干pizza披萨salad沙拉cheese奶酪apple苹果fried油炸的children 孩子cake蛋糕dumpling饺子potato土豆pasta意大利面rice米饭hotdog热狗cabbage卷心菜ice cream冰激凌lettuce生菜spinach菠菜banana香蕉chicken鸡肉chocolate巧克力sandwich三明治sushi寿司tomato西红柿bread面包cheeseburger 芝士汉堡egg鸡蛋celery芹菜meat pie肉饼barbecue烧烤brunch早午餐fruit水果meal饭picnic野餐restaurant餐馆snack小吃steak牛排supper晚餐vegetable 蔬菜burnt烧焦的fatty油腻的fresh新鲜的greasy油腻的healthy健康的mouldy 发霉的raw生的rich富有的stale不新鲜的succulent多汁的undercooked不熟的wholesome有益健康的bitter苦的bland乏味的salty咸的savory可口的sour 酸的spicy辣的sweet甜的appetizing开胃的delicious美味的disgusting恶心的junk垃圾revolting讨厌的tasty美味的vile卑鄙的yucky好吃的yummy好吃的baked烤的barbecued烤的boiled煮的fried油炸的roasted 烤的steamed蒸的stewed炖的stir-fried炸的toasted烤的subway赛百味green tea绿茶gymnastics体操volleyball排球table tennis乒乓球swimming游泳golf高尔夫American football美式足球basketball篮球cycling骑车skiing滑雪boarding滑板skating滑冰tennis网球weightlifting举重surfing冲浪boxing拳击motor racing 赛车badminton羽毛球show jumping跳跃snooker 斯诺克sailing航行friendly match 友谊赛umpire裁判dangerous危险dynamic有活力的memorable难忘的nail-biting紧张的nerve-racking紧张的tense紧张的intercept拦截kick踢pass通过save拯救score 计分sprint冲刺tackle 扭倒throw扔chat show聊天节目sports programme 体育节目documentary 文献片music音乐horror movie恐怖电影quiz测试comedy喜剧romance浪漫action movie动作电影autobiography自传biography传记historical movie历史剧fiction 小说science fiction科幻martial军事arts艺术drama戏剧crime犯罪cartoon动画片fantasy幻想news新闻current affairs当今时事weather report 天气预报musical 音乐thriller惊险小说educational有教育意义的old fashioned过时的scary 吓人的terrifying 吓人的interesting有趣的fascinating吸引人的funny有趣的amusing有趣的humorous 幽默的exciting令人兴奋的boring无聊的relaxing放松的popular 流行的famous有名的parent父母son 儿子daughter女儿grandfather祖父niece侄女nephew侄子cousin堂兄nuclear family 核心家庭extended family 大家庭separate分开divorce离婚remarry再婚attractive吸引人的handsome英俊pretty漂亮beautiful美丽good-looking好看sociable社交的shy害羞的outgoing乐于助人的adventurous敢于冒险的intelligent有才的competitive竞争的cheerful欢快的pessimistic消极的optimistic积极地helpful乐于助人的considerate考虑周到的sensitive敏感的stubborn顽固的caring 关心的supportive支持的brave勇敢地funny有趣的humorous幽默的patient 耐心的honest诚实的trustworthy可信的generous大方的thoughtful贴心的kind善良的loyal 忠诚的faithful忠实的reliable可靠的cinema电影院brochure手册television电视poster海报banner横幅magazine杂志radio收音机clothing衣服internet网络newspaper新闻actor演员brand商标billboard广告牌cartoon卡通片flyer传单image 影像logo商标media媒体print印刷业product产品sign符号slogan标语stationery 文具model模型advertise广告appear出现convey传达display展示influence影像persuade劝说seem好像show显示target目标accurate精确bold大胆的bright聪明的catchy引人注意的colorful丰富的imaginary虚构的informative包含信息量大的loud大声的misleading误导的musical 音乐的original 原始的real-life现实生活recent最近的serious严肃的amazing令人惊讶的amusing有趣的awful可怕的cute可爱的entertaining令人愉快的ethical道德的exciting令人激动地funny有趣的great好的professional职业的responsible负责的strange陌生的terrible可怕的unethical无道德的unprofessional 不专业的self-esteem自我评价color photo彩色照片audience 观众visual视觉的effect影响goal目标successful成功的university 大学undergraduate大学生degree学位reputable声誉好的master硕士motivated有动机的aptitude天资acquaint使熟悉,使了解aware意识到的familiar熟悉proficient精通的expertise专业技能ability能力aspire渴望fancy奇特的pursue 从事ambition抱负aspiration渴望goal目标intention 意图objective客观的yearn渴望traffic交通highways高速公路picnic野餐sprawling笨拙的爬beach海边crowded拥挤的weather天气population人口industry工业mountain山season 季节lake湖pollution污染fall 秋天suburban 郊区的historic历史的park公园polluted 污染的grey and gloomy 灰色和灰暗store 储备overcrowded过度拥挤的path道路environment环境clean干净art gallery艺术馆boutique精品店café咖啡馆cathedral大教堂Cinema电影院department部门fountain喷泉market市场museum博物馆nightclub夜店skyscraper摩天大楼stadium体育场subway地铁temple 寺庙theatre剧院bustling忙乱的congested堵塞的dynamic动力的lively真实的noisy嘈杂的overwhelming势不可挡的run-down 破败的,衰弱的smart聪明的smoggy有雾的spectacular 壮观的appalling可怕的catastrophic灾难的damaging损害的disastrous悲伤地detrimental有害的dreadful可怕的endangered濒临灭绝的harmful 有害的risky冒险的tragic悲剧的unhealthy不健康的ingredient原料recipe食谱bowl碗pan平底锅marinade 腌泡cloves丁香调料sour 酸的cream奶油thigh 大腿stock囤积lid 盖子juice饮料remove移动chop排骨pour倒mix混合heat加热add增加stir搅拌cover覆盖serve服务simmer炖spice辣的public公共transportation运输traffic交通jam堵塞problem 问题rush hour高峰期gasoline汽油petrol汽油tax 税high-rise parking停车场building建筑penalty处罚cycle 自行车lane小巷speed limit限速journey 旅行suburb郊区commuter通勤者delay延期motorway高速公路break down 发生故障,分解increase增加decrease减少roll around 流逝,周而复始commuter 通勤者train火车ferry渡轮monorail 单轨铁路scooter摩托车subway地铁taxi出租车tube 地铁underground地铁bicycle 自行车on foot走路cramped 狭窄的crowded拥挤的draughty通风的jam-packed 挤得紧紧的shabby 破旧的stuffy闷热的convenient方便的expensive昂贵的efficient有效率的comfortable舒适的uncomfortable不舒适的bumpy 不平的eventful 重大的relaxing放松的tedious沉闷的tiring疲劳的frustrating令人沮丧的breakdown崩溃cancellation of service取消服务road道路detour 绕道erratic 古怪的driving驾驶hold-up 停顿,耽误roadwork 长跑训练diversion分散注意力ban禁止deception欺骗disclosure揭发moral道德principle原则regulation 规则condemned被定罪的controversial有争议的critical批评的crucial重要的devious偏僻的discerning有辨别能力的discriminating有差别的hard-hitting 用力打击的prohibited禁止provocative刺激的righteous 正义的significant重要的thought-provoking发人深省的regulatory控制的discretion判断力confidence自信moral道德deceptive 欺诈的conceal隐藏filter过滤secret秘密beneficial 有好处的challenging挑战的energetic有能量的enthralling fascinating迷人的intriguing迷人的monotonous单调的popular流行的relaxing令人轻松的satisfying令人满意的tranquil安静的countryside乡下fishing钓鱼gardening园艺painting绘画photography摄影shopping购物star-gazing 观星art and craft 手工艺board games 棋类游戏,图版游戏chess下棋coin collecting收集硬币computer games电脑游戏embroidery刺。

雅思考试常用词汇表

雅思考试常用词汇表

雅思高频词汇释义aantarctic adj.南极的arabic adj.阿拉伯的abbreviation n.缩写,缩写词abet vt.教唆,煽动,帮助,支持; ability n.能力,才干abnormal adj.反常的,变态的aboriginal 土著的; 土著居民abound 丰富abrupt 突然的,陡峭的abstain 戒,避开abstract 抽象的,难解的abuse 滥用,辱骂accommodation 招待设备accordingly 照着办;响应地accounting 会计学acid 酸的acknowledge 承认acquire 取得,学到acrylic 丙烯酸的adapt 使适应addict 使沉溺adept 熟练的,内行的adopt 采用;收养aeronautic 航空的aerosol 烟,雾;烟雾剂affect 影响;感动affiliate 接纳...为会员(或分支)agency 力量;代理agitate 鼓动;搅动;焦虑alchemy 炼金术alkali 碱allergy 变(态反)应性;反感allocate 分配,把。

划归allot 分配;拨给almond 杏仁alpine 高山的alternate 交替的;轮流的alternative 两者挑一的;选择的aluminium 铝amateur 业余活动者ambiguous 模棱两可的amenity 舒服,愉快ammonia 氨amorphous 无定形的;难以名状的analysis 分析;解析anatomy 解剖;分解anecdote 轶事annoy 使烦恼; 打扰annual 每年的, 年度的anthropology 人类学anticlockwise 逆时针方向的anxious 忧虑的, 担心的ape 类人猿; 模仿者aphid 蚜虫apparel 衣服;外表appeal 呼吁; 求助于appear 出现, 来到appetite 食欲, 胃口applicant 申请人appropriate 适当的approximate 近似的,大约的arable 可耕的arboreal 树木的; 树状的arduous 艰巨的; 努力的ascertain 查明, 确定aspect 样子; (问题等的)方面aspiration 志气; 渴望assemble 集合; 装备assert 断言;维护assess 对…进行评估assignment 分配;指定assist 援助;搀扶association 联合;联盟;联想assume 假定;承担asterisk 星号asthmatic 气喘的asymmetry 不对称(现象)attain 达到; 完成; 获得attract 吸引audio-visual 听觉视觉的aural 气味的; 香味的authority 权力; 职权available 可用的; 通用的averse 反对的aviation 航空; 航空学bbaffle 使挫折; 使困惑balk 阻碍; 挫折bamboo 竹barbecue (吃烤肉的)野餐会bargain 交易; 议价barrier 栅栏; 障碍bead 念珠beyond 远于; 迟于bilateral 两边的; 双边的biology 生物学; 生态学bladder 囊; 气泡blade 刀片bleach 漂白blow 吹; 爆炸blunt 不锋利的; 迟钝的boast 自夸bona fide [拉]真正的;真诚的bonanza 富矿脉bond 契约;公债boom 隆隆声;兴旺;吹捧borax 硼砂; 月石border 边; 边界botany 植物学branch 分枝; 分科, 部门brand 燃烧着的木头breed 生产; 繁殖brewery 啤酒厂brisk 活泼的; 清新的brood 一窝;一伙(人)budget 预算bulb 球茎; 电灯泡bulky 庞大的bungalow 平房burrow 地洞, 穴bush 灌木buzz (蜂等)嗡嗡叫ccalcium 钙calibre 口径,直径campaign 战役;运动campus 校园canteen 小卖部;饭盒capture 捕获;俘虏carbon 碳cargo 货物carrousel 骑术比赛casual 偶然的;不定期的catastrophe 大灾难;大败category 种类caterpillar 毛虫caustic 刻薄的,讽刺的censure 指责,非难centrifugal 离心的ceramic 陶瓷的ceremony 典礼;仪式chamber 房间;会所charcoal 木炭characteristic 独特的chic [法}漂亮(的)chip 碎片chloride 氯化物choke 阻塞;闷死chronic 长期的,慢性的circumstance (复)情况cite 引用clay 粘土climatic 气候的climax 顶点;高潮cling 粘着;依附clot 凝块;结团clutch 抓住clutter 喧闹;杂乱coat hanger 衣架colonial 殖民地的comb 梳,马梳combustible 易燃的;可燃的commitment 交托;许诺commotion 混乱compatriot 同国人compel 强迫compensation 补偿,赔偿compile 编辑;搜集complex 合成的;复杂的complicate 使复杂;使陷入composition 写作;组成compound 混合物comprise 包括;构成concave 凹的concession 让步;承认condemn 谴责; 宣告…有罪confess 坦白conservation 保存consolation 安慰constant 坚定的;永恒的constitute 构成constraint 强制;consult 商量;请教consume 消费; 消灭contaminate 弄脏; 污染contingency 偶然contradict 反驳;同…相抵触contrary 相反的controversial 争论的convey 运送;传达core 核心coronary 冠状的corpus 身体,尸体correspond 符合;相当corrupt 腐败的;贪污的costume 服装counsel 商议;劝告covert 隐藏的crawl 爬行cricket 蟋蟀criterion 标准crop 收成;庄稼crown 王冠crystalline 水晶的cultivate 耕作;培养curriculum 课程ddab 轻拍damn 诅咒damp 潮湿;沮丧data datum的复数datum 论据deal 分配;给予debtor 债务人decade 十;十年decline 下降;偏斜;衰落deduce 推断default 违约,拖欠defense 防御,保卫define 解释;限定delicate 细软的;精美的delude 欺骗deluge 洪水demographic 人口统计的demolish 拆毁;推翻demonstrate 论证;表明deposit 存放;储蓄depress 降低;使消沉descend 下降;下倾descent 下降description 描写;说明书design 计划;设计desperate 令人绝望的,危急的despite 憎恨,轻视destroy 破坏detain 拘留;阻住detect 察觉detergent 使干净的detract 贬低diagnosis 诊断dictate 口述dietitian 饮食学家dig 挖掘;发掘dilute 稀释dioxide 二氧化物diploma 执照,文凭directory 名录disaster 灾难discard 丢弃discharge 卸货discipline 纪律;训练discreet 谨慎的discrete 分离的discriminate 区别;辨别disfigure 损害,玷污dismantle 脱掉...的衣服dismiss 打发;解雇dispatch 派遣;迅速办理dispute 争论;争执distill 蒸馏;提取精华distinct 独特的;清楚的distinguish 区别;辨认出distress 悲痛;贫困distribute 分发;分布divine 神的;神圣的division 分开;分配dizzy 头晕目眩的dormitory 宿舍dramatic 戏剧的;激动人心的drawback n. 退款;欠缺diagnosis n. 操练;钻dictate n. 旱灾dietitian n. 饮食学家dig v. 挖掘;发掘dilute v. 稀释 adj.dioxide n. 二氧化物diploma n. 执照,文凭directory n. 名录disaster n. 灾难discard vt.丢弃 vdischarge vt.卸货 vi.n. discipline n.纪律;v.训练discreet adj.谨慎的discrete adj.分离的discriminate v.区别;辨别disfigure v.损害,玷污dismantle v.脱掉...的衣服dismiss vt.打发;解雇 vi. dispatch vt.派遣;迅速办理 vi. dispute v.争论;争执distill vt.蒸馏;提取精华 vi. distinct adj.独特的;清楚的distinguish v.区别;辨认出distress n.悲痛;贫困 v. Distribute vt.分发;分布 v. divine adj.神的;神圣的division n. 分开;分配dizzy adj. 头晕目眩的dormitory n. 宿舍dramatic adj.戏剧的;激动人心的drawback n.退款;欠缺drill n.操练;钻 v.drought n.旱灾drum n.鼓dub vt.授予 n.dubious adj.半信半疑的;含糊的dull adj.迟钝的;阴郁的dwell vi.住;寓于dynamic adj.动力的eease n.舒适;容易 vt.vi. ecosystem n.生态系统elaborate adj.精心制作的;复杂的elective adj.选任的;选修的electron n.电子eligible adj.合格的;适宜的embank v.筑堤embarrass vt.使窘迫;妨碍embryo n.胚胎;萌芽时期emerge vi.浮现;出现emit vt.散发;发表emotion 激动;感情encounter v.遭遇,遇到 n.endurance n.忍耐;持久engrave v.刻上;铭记enhance Vt.增加 v.enormous adj.巨大的enrol vt.登记;招收 Vi.Ensemble n.全体ensure Vt.保证;保护 v.enthusiasm n.热情;热忱entrant n.新学员entry n.进入;登记;入口environmental adj.环境的epidemic adj.传染的;流行的equipment n.装备;设备equivalent adj.相当的;等价的erase vt.擦掉;删去escort n.护卫;陪同 v.essential adj. 本质的;基本的;必要的estate n. 财产estimate v.估计;评价 n.eucalyptus n. 桉树属植物evaporate v. 使蒸发;使脱水evolve v. 使发展;推论exaggerate adj. 夸张的;过大的exchange vt.交换;交流 n.executive adj.执行的;行政上的exhale v.呼出;发散出exorbitant adj. 过度的;昂贵的expansion n.伸展;扩张;扩充expedient adj.便利的 n.exploit vt.开拓;开采;利用 v. expose vt.使暴露;v. 揭露extension n. 伸长;扩大;延长external adj.外部的;客观的extinct adj. 灭绝的;消灭了的extinguish vt. 扑灭;消灭Extract vt.取出;榨出extraordinary n. adj. 非常的,非凡的ffacade n.立面;表面facet n.小面 vt.faculty n.才能;全体人员fade vi.枯萎;消失 vt. Adj. n.fake n.伪造;伪装 vi. vt.fascinate vt.迷住;使呆住 vi.fatal adj.命运的;致命的fatigue n.疲劳 vi. vt.fauna n. 动物群feature n. 特征;面貌federation n. 同盟;联邦fertile adj. 肥沃的;多产的fetus n. 胎儿fibre n. 纤维filter n. 滤器financial adj. 财政的flake n. 薄片;火花flame n. 火焰;光辉flaw n. 裂缝;缺点flint n. 打火石;坚硬物flip vt.掷;抽打 vi.flora n. 植物群flourish adj. 繁荣fluctuate vt.波动;动摇forestry n. 林业formula n. 公式;处方foul adj. 难闻的;肮脏的fraction n. 片断;碎片fragile adj. 易碎的;虚弱的fragrant adj. 芬芳的fraud n. 欺骗;诡计frequent adj.频繁的;屡次的friction n. 摩擦froth n. 泡沫;渣滓 vi. vt. frustrate v. 挫败;阻挠fulfil(l) vt. 履行;完成fume n.烟气 v.冒烟,激动function n.功能;职务 vi.fury n.狂怒;剧烈futile adj.无效的;轻浮的Hhairdressing 理发、美发 、美容handedness 用右手或左手的习惯handicap 障碍、阻碍handle 柄、把手harbor 海港hardworking 苦干的、不辞辛苦的harmony 协调、融洽hazardous 危险的、冒险的headline 大字标题heavenly 如天堂的、神圣的hectic 脸上发红、发热的hemisphere 半球hexagonal 六角形的、六边形的highlight 加亮区、精彩场面high-tech 高科技historic 有历史性的、历史上著名的hive 蜂房homeless 无家的、无家可归的homesickness 思家的、思乡病的honestly 真诚的、公正的honey 蜜、蜂蜜hospitality 好客、宜人、盛情hothouse 温室、温床hotspot 热点、热区household 家庭、家族、王室housing 供给住宅、住宅群hoyden 爱喧闹的顽皮女孩huff 激怒、发怒humanity 人性、人类、博爱、仁慈humble 卑下的、微贱的humorous 幽默的、滑稽的hydrogen 氢hectare 公顷heal 治愈、医治hence 因此、从此harassment 折磨heroin 海洛因、吗啡Iimplement 工具、器具;贯彻、实现;执行italics 斜体字idealistic 唯心论的、空想主义的、唯心主义者的identical 同一的、同样的ignorance 无知、不知ignore 不理睬、忽视illuminate 照亮、照明、阐明、说明;照亮illustrate 举例说明、图解、阐明;举例illustration 说明、例证、图表imitation 模仿、效法、冒充immigrant 移来的、移民的、移居的;移民、侨民immune 免疫的impact 碰撞、冲击、冲突;撞击、挤入、压紧impair 削弱impartial 公平的、不偏不倚的impend 进行威胁、即将发生implementation 执行impress 印、盖印、留下印象impression 印象、感想、盖印inadequate 不充分的、不适当的inauthentic 不真实的、假的、不可靠的inbreeding 同系繁殖、近亲交配incorporate 合并的、结社的;合并incredibly 不能相信地incur 招致indicate 指出、显示、象征、预示individual 个人、个体;个别的、单独的individualistic 个人主义的individuality 个性、个人的特征indulge 纵容industrialization 工业化、产业化inevitable 不可避免的、必然的infant 婴儿、幼儿;婴儿的、幼稚的influential 有影响的、有势力的informality 非正式ingenuity 机灵、独特性、精巧ingredient 成分、因素inhale 吸入、吸气inherit 继承、遗传而得initial 最初的、词首的initially 最初、开头initiative 主动innovation 改革、创新innovative 革新的、创新的insert 插入、嵌入insignificant 无关紧要、可忽略的inspection 检察、视察institution 公共机构、协会、制度instruct 教导、命令instrument 工具、手段、器械instrumental 仪器的、器械的insufficient 不足的、不够的insulate 使绝缘、隔离insurance 保险、保险单、保险费intake (水管、煤气管的)进口、出口integrate 使成整体、结合intelligible 可理解的interior 内部的、内的interplay 相互影响interpreter 解释者、翻译员interview 接见、会见intimidate 胁迫intonation 语调、声调intuitively 直觉的、直观的inundate 淹没invention 发明、创造inventive 善于发明、创造的investigate 调查、研究investigation 调查、研究iodine 碘、碘酒irony 反话、讽刺irresponsibility 无责任irreversible 不能撤回的、不能取消的irritate 激怒、使急噪;刺激irritation 愤怒isolate 使隔离、使孤立;隔离种群issue 出版、发行;发行、流出itemize 详细说明、逐条登记Llandscape 风景、山水画、地形;美化lack 缺乏landfill 垃圾掩埋法、垃圾lather 肥皂泡leather 皮革、皮革制品Legal 法律的、法定的、合法leisure 空闲、闲暇、悠闲lexicographer 词典编纂者likelihood 可能、可能性limitation 限制、局限性licensee 获许可的人、领到执照的人literature 文学、文艺、著作loan 贷款、借出;借、借给locate 查找、位于;定位、位于location 位置、场所、特定区域looseness 松开、解除luggage 行李、皮箱luxury 奢侈、华贵Mmacaque 短尾猿maintain 维持、维修、供养maintenance 维护、保持mainstream 主流managerial 管理的manifestation 显示、表现、示威运动marital 婚姻的matriculation 录取入学、入学考试metropolitan 首都的、主要都市的、大城市measurement 测量法、度量mediocre 普普通通的Melbourne 墨尔本melt 使融化、使熔化manufacture 制造、加工、制造业、加工业metallurgist 冶金业、冶金学者metallurgy 冶金、冶金术meteorology 气象学、气象状态microprocessor 微处理器migratory 迁移的、流浪的migration 移民、移植、移往mineral 矿物、矿石misconception 误解moderation 适度molecular 分子的、由分子组成的momentarily 即刻mould 肥土、壤土;用土覆盖Nnaive 天真的necrosis 坏negative 否定、负数;否定的、消极的neglect 忽视、疏忽neutralize 压制nourishing 有营养的、滋养多的nourishment 食物、营养品nuclear 核子的、原子能的、中心的nutritional 营养的、滋养的Ooverleaf 在背面、在次页objectify 使客观化obligation 义务、职责、债务obstacle 障碍、妨害物obtain 获得、得到occasionally 有时候、偶尔occur 发生、发现opaque 不透明物;不透明的、不传热的optical 眼的、视力的、光学的optics 光学optimistic 乐观的optimism 乐观、乐观主义organs 元件、机构original 最初的、原始的、独创的;原物originate 引起、发明;起源、发生output 产量、输出、输出量overall 全部的、全面的oversupply 过度供给;供给过多overwhelm 淹没、覆没、受打击、制服ozone 新鲜的空气;臭氧Ppacify 使平静、安慰、抚慰painfully 痛苦地panel 面板、嵌板、仪表板parallel 平行地、相同的;平行线;平行paralysis 瘫痪、麻痹participate 参与、参加、分享particular 细节、详细;特殊的、特别的passive 被动的pasture 牧地、*原;放牧pattern 模范、式样、模式;模仿pave 铺pedicel 花梗、茎pension 养老金、退休金percussion 打击乐器perform 履行、执行、表演performance 履行、执行perishable 容易腐烂的permanent 永久的、持久的perpetuate 使永久、使不朽persist 坚持、持续persistence 坚持、持续perspective 透视画法、透视图、远景、前途pesticide 杀虫剂pharmacist 配药师、药剂师phenomena 现象phosphorus 磷plagiarism 剽窃、剽窃物plantation 耕地、种植园、大农场、森林platform (车站)月台、讲台plumber 水管工人plus 加上;正的、加的poison 毒药;毒害、使中毒;放毒、下毒pollination 授粉porcelain 瓷器;瓷制的、精美的portrayal 描画、描写positive 肯定的、实际的;正的、阳的postal 邮政的、邮局的potassium 钾potential 潜在的、可能的;潜能、潜力potluck 家常便饭practitioner 从业者、开业者precision 精确、精密度、精度predator 掠夺者predict 预知、预言prefabricate 预制pregnancy 怀孕premium 额外费用、奖金、奖赏premise 前提;提论、假定;作出前提persecution 迫害、烦扰presentation 介绍、陈述、赠送preserve 保护、保持;蜜饯、果酱;禁猎presuppose 预示preventable 可阻止的、可预防的prime 最初、青春;主要的、最初的principally 主要地probability 可能性、或然性procedure 程序、手续promotion 促进、发扬、提升prospect 景色、前景、前途;寻找property 财产、所有物、所有权proposition 主张、建议、陈述prosthetist 修复学家protrude 突出prolusion 序言provenance 起源、出处psychology 心理学puff 肿块、蓬松;喷出、张开punctuality 准时pyramid 角锥、棱锥、金字塔pyrite 黄铁矿Rrange 射程;平衡recession 撤回,不景气Recommendation 推荐、介绍Recreation 消遣、娱乐Regional 整个地区的Registration 注册,报到Reject 被拒之人;拒绝relation 关系、联系Relationship 关系、联系religious 虔诚的;僧侣representatives 代表,典型的Represents 表现,描绘;提出异议Reputable 著名的Request 要求Requirements 需求,必要条件Resemblance 相似之处regional 地方的Respond 负责Responses 回答,响应Responsiveness 响应的restriction 限制,约束Retail 零售Retirement 退休Refundable 可偿还的rival 竞争者,竞争SSafeguard 保护Satisfactory 满意的scenes 现场,景色scrub 擦洗secretarial 秘书的section 部分,区security 安全seductive 诱人的selection 选择,选集settlement 解决,结算semester 学期seminar 研讨会senior 高级的sensible 有感觉的,明智的sensitive 敏感的sewers 裁缝shortages 不足,缺乏significantly 意味深长地significant 重要的signpost 路标similar 相似的similarly 同样地simultaneously 同时的sincerely 真诚的social 社会的solution 解决的方法solvents 溶解的,溶剂southbound 往南的spark 火星,闪烁的specialize 专攻specialization 特殊化Specialist 专家Specific 明确的,特殊的;细节Spray 飞沫,喷射Springboard 跳板,出发点Spin 纺织Stamp 邮票;压印Statement 声明,称述Straight 直的Stretch 伸展Strike 罢工;打,击Structural 结构的Strategy 策略Stubborn 固执的Studio 工作室,照相室Subsequent 后来的Substance 物质Suburb 郊区Sufficient 充足的Suffix 后缀,下标Superior 最高的Supplier 提供商Surrey 四轮马车Surrounding 周围的,;环境Suspicious 可疑的Switzerland 瑞士Synthetic 人造的Ttypescripts 打印的文件technology 工艺,技术temperate 温和的,适度的Temperature 温度theoretical 理论的Topics 题目,主题Tobacco 烟*Tourism 旅游业Tourist 观光者tradition 传统transfer 传递,转移transform 转换,改变Tremendous 巨大的UUncertainty 不确定Undisguised 公开的unemployed 失业的Unfamiliar 不熟的Unfortunately 不幸的unimaginable 不可思议的Union 联合,联盟United 团结的Unnecessary 不必要的Unwanted 多余的uphill 登高Utilization 应用Vvariability 可变性Variation 变化various 不同的Versatility 多功能性。

雅思词汇表(最新完整版)

雅思词汇表(最新完整版)

Aaborigina.土著的.土著居. aboun.丰.abrup.突然的, 陡峭.abstai.戒, 避.abstrac.抽象的, 难解.abus.滥用, 辱. accommodatio.招待设. accordingl.照着办;响应. accountin.会计.aci.酸.acknowledg.承.acquir.取得, 学.acryli.丙烯酸.adap.使适.addic.使沉.adep.熟练的, 内行.adop.采用;收.aeronauti.航空.aeroso.烟, 雾;烟雾.affec.影响;感.affiliat.接纳...为会员(或分支. agenc.力量;代.agitat.鼓动;搅动;焦. alchem.炼金.alkal..allerg.变(态反)应性;反. allocat.分配, 把。

划.allo.分配;拨.almon.杏.alpin.高山.alternat.交替的;轮流. alternativ.两者挑一的;选择. aluminiu..amateu.业余活动. ambiguou.模棱两可.amenit.舒服, 愉.ammoni..amorphou.无定形的;难以名状. analysi.分析;解.anatom.解剖;分.anecdot.轶.anno.使烦恼.打.annua.每年的.年度. anthropolog.人类. anticlockwis.逆时针方向. anxiou.忧虑的.担心.ap.类人猿.模仿.aphi.蚜.appare.衣服;外.appea.呼吁.求助. appea.出现.来.appetit.食欲.胃. applican.申请. appropriat.适当的, 合适的approximat.近似的,大约. arabl.可耕.arborea.树木的.树状. arduou.艰巨的.努力. ascertai.查明.确.aspec.样子.(问题等的)方. aspiratio.志气.渴. assembl.集合.装.asser.断言;维.asses.对…进行评. assignmen.分配;指. assis.援助;搀. associatio.联合;联盟;联. assum.假定;承.asthmati.气喘. asymmetr.不对称(现象. attai.达到.完成.获. attrac.吸.audio-visua.听觉视觉. aura.气味的.香味. authorit.权力.职. availabl.可用的.通用. avers.反对.aviatio.航空.航空学.baffl.使挫折.使困.bal.阻碍.挫.bambo..barbecu.(吃烤肉的)野餐. bargai.交易.议.barrie.栅栏.障.bea.念.beyon.远于.迟. bilatera.两边的.双边. biolog.生物学.生态. bladde.囊.气.blad.刀.bleac.漂.blo.吹.爆.blun.不锋利的.迟钝. boas.自.bon.fid.[拉]真正的;真诚. bonanz.富矿.bon.契约;公.boo.隆隆声;兴旺;吹. bora.硼砂.月.borde.边.边.botan.植物.branc.分枝.分科.部. bran.商.牌子bree.生产.繁.brewer.啤酒.bris.活泼的.清新. broo.一窝;一伙(人. budge.预.bul.球茎.电灯.bulk.庞大.bungalo.平.burro.地洞..bus.灌.buz.(蜂等)嗡嗡叫.calciu..calibr.口径, 直. campaig.战役;运. campu.校.cantee.小卖部;饭. captur.捕获;俘. carbo..carg.货.carrouse.骑术比. casua.偶然的;不定期. catastroph.大灾难;大. categor.种. caterpilla.毛.causti.刻薄的, 讽刺. censur.指责, 非. centrifuga.离心. cerami.陶瓷. ceremon.典礼;仪. chambe.房间;会. charcoa.木. characteristi.独特.chi.[法}漂亮(的.chi.碎.chlorid.氯化.chok.阻塞;闷.chroni.长期的, 慢性. circumstanc.(复)情. cit.引.cla.粘.climati.气候.clima.顶点;高.clin.粘着;依.clo.凝块;结.clutc.抓.clutte.喧闹;杂.coa.hange.衣.colonia.殖民地.com.梳, 马. combustibl.易燃的;可燃. commitmen.交托;许. commotio.混. compatrio.同国. compe.强. compensatio.补偿, 赔. compil.编辑;搜. comple.合成的;复杂. complicat.使复杂;使陷. compositio.写作;组. compoun.混合. compris.包括;构. concav.凹.concessio.让步;承. condem.谴责.宣告…有. confes.坦. conservatio.保. consolatio.安. constan.坚定的;永恒. constitut.构成, 组成constrain.强制.consul.商量;请. consum.消费.消. contaminat.弄脏.污. contingenc.偶. contradic.反驳;同…相抵. contrar.相反. controversia.争论. conve.运送;传.cor.核.coronar.冠状.corpu.身体, 尸. correspon.符合;相. corrup.腐败的;贪污. costum.服.counse.商议;劝. cover.隐藏.craw.爬.cricke.蟋.criterio.标.cro.收成;庄.crow.王.crystallin.水晶.cultivat.耕作;培. curriculu.课程.da.轻.dam.诅.咒.dam.潮湿;沮.dat.datum的复.datu.论.dea.分配;给.debto.债务.decad.十;十.declin.下降;偏斜;衰. deduc.推.defaul.违约, 拖. defens.防御, 保.defin.解释;限.delicat.细软的;精美. delud.欺.delug.洪.demographi.人口统计. demolis.拆毁;推. demonstrat.论证;表. deposi.存放;储. depres.降低;使消. descen.下降;下. descen.下.descriptio.描写;说明. desig.计划;设. desperat.令人绝望的, 危急. despit.憎恨, 轻.destro.破.detai.拘留;阻.detec.察.detergen.使干净.detrac.贬.diagnosi.诊.dictat.口.dietitia.饮食学.di.挖掘;发.dilut.稀.dioxid.二氧化.diplom.执照, 文. director.名.disaste.灾.discar.丢.discharg.卸.disciplin.纪律;训. discree.谨慎.discret.分离. discriminat.区别;辨. disfigur.损害, 玷. dismantl.脱掉...的衣. dismis.打发;解. dispatc.派遣;迅速办. disput.争论;争.distil.蒸馏;提取精. distinc.独特的;清楚. distinguis.区别;辨认. distres.悲痛;贫. distribut.分发;分.divin.神的;神圣. divisio.分开;分.dizz.头晕目眩. dormitor.宿.dramati.戏剧的;激动人心.drawbac.n.退款;欠. diagnosi.n.操练;.dictat.n.旱.dietitia.n.饮食学.di.v.挖掘;发.dilut.v.稀.dioxid.n.二氧化.diplom.n.执照, 文.director.n.名.disaste.n.灾.discar.vt.丢..discharg.vt.卸.vi.n.disciplin.n.纪律;v.训. discree.adj.谨慎.discret.adj.分离. discriminat.v.区别;辨. disfigur.v.损害, 玷. dismantl.v.脱掉...的衣. dismis.vt.打发;解.vi. dispatc.vt.派遣;迅速办.vi. disput.v.争论;争.distil.vt.蒸馏;提取精.vi. distinc.adj.独特的;清楚. distinguis.v.区别;辨认. distres.n.悲痛;贫.v. distribut.vt.分发;分.v. divin.adj.神的;神圣. divisio.n.分开;分.dizz.adj.头晕目眩. dormitor.n.宿.dramati.adj.戏剧的;激动人心. drawbac.n.退款;欠.dril.n.操练;.v.drough.n.旱.dru.n..du.vt.授.n.dubiou.adj.半信半疑的;含糊. dul.adj.迟钝的;阴郁.dwel.vi.住;寓.dynami.adj.动力.Eeas.n.舒适;容.vt.vi. ecosyste.n.生态系.elaborat.adj.精心制作的;复杂. electiv.adj.选任的;选修. electro.n.电.eligibl.adj.合格的;适宜. emban.v.筑.embarras.vt.使窘迫;妨.embry.n.胚胎;萌芽时.emerg.vi.浮现;出.显.emi.vt.散发;发.emotio.激动;感.encounte.v.遭遇, 遇.n. enduranc.n.忍耐;持.engrav.v.刻上;铭.enhanc.Vt.增.v.enormou.adj.巨大.enro.vt.登记;招.Vi.Ensembl.n.全.ensur.Vt.保证;保.v.enthusias.n.热情;热.entran.n.新学.entr.n.进入;登记;入. environmenta.adj.环境.epidemi.adj.传染的;流行. equipmen.n.装备;设. equivalen.adj.相当的;等价. eras.vt.擦掉;删.escor.n.护卫;陪.v.essentia.adj.本质的;基本的;必要. estat.n.财.estimat.v.估计;评.n.eucalyptu.n.桉树属植.evaporat.v.使蒸发;使脱.evolv.v.使发展;推.exaggerat.adj.夸张的;过大. exchang.vt.交换;交.n. executiv.adj.执行的;行政上. exhal.v.呼出;发散.exorbitan.adj.过度的;昂贵. expansio.n.伸展;扩张;扩. expedien.adj.便利.n.exploi.vt.开拓;开采;利.v. expos.vt.使暴露;v.揭. extensio.n.伸长;扩大;延. externa.adj.外部的;客观. extinc.adj.灭绝的;消灭了.extinguis.vt.扑灭;消.Extrac.vt.取出;榨. extraordinar.n.adj.非常的, 非凡的.facad.n.立面;表.face.n.小.vt.facult.n.才能;全体人.fad.vi.枯萎;消.vt.Adj.n.fak.n.伪造;伪.vi.vt. fascinat.vt.迷住;使呆.vi. fata.adj.命运的;致命.fatigu.n.疲.vi.vt.faun.n.动物.featur.n.特征;面.federatio.n.同盟;联.fertil.adj.肥沃的;多产.fetu.n.胎.fibr.n.纤.filte.n.滤.financia.adj.财政.flak.n.薄片;火.flam.n.火焰;光.fla.n.裂缝;缺.flin.n.打火石;坚硬.fli.vt.掷;抽.vi.flor.n.植物.flouris.adj.繁.fluctuat.vt.波动;动.forestr.n.林.formul.n.公式;处.fou.adj.难闻的;肮脏.fractio.n.片断;碎.fragil.adj.易碎的;虚弱. fragran.adj.芬芳.frau.n.欺骗;诡.frequen.adj.频繁的;屡次. frictio.n.摩.frot.n.泡沫;渣.vi.vt.frustrat.v.挫败;阻.fulfil(l.vt.履行;完.fum.n.烟.v.冒烟, 激.functio.n.功能;职.vi.fur.n.狂怒;剧.futil.adj.无效的;轻浮的.hairdressin.理发、美.、美.handednes.用右手或左手的习.handica.障碍、阻.handl.柄、把.harbo.海.hardworkin.苦干的、不辞辛苦.harmon.协调、融.hazardou.危险的、冒险.headlin.大字标.heavenl.如天堂的、神圣.hecti.脸上发红、发热.hemispher.半.hexagona.六角形的、六边形.highligh.加亮区、精彩场.high-tec.高科.histori.有历史性的、历史上著名.hiv.蜂.homeles.无家的、无家可归. homesicknes.思家的、思乡病.honestl.真诚的、公正.hone.蜜、蜂.hospitalit.好客、宜人、盛.hothous.温室、温.hotspo.热点、热.househol.家庭、家族、王.housin.供给住宅、住宅.hoyde.爱喧闹的顽皮女.huf.激怒、发.humanit.人性、人类、博爱、仁.humbl.卑下的、微贱.humorou.幽默的、滑稽.hydroge..hectar.公.hea.治愈、医.henc.因此、从.harassmen.折.heroi.海洛因、吗啡.implemen.工具、器具;贯彻、实现;执. italic.斜体.idealisti.唯心论的、空想主义、唯心主义者. identica.同一的、同样.ignoranc.无知、不.ignor.不理睬、忽.illuminat.照亮、照明、阐明、说明;照. illustrat.举例说明、图解、阐明;举. illustratio.说明、例证、图.imitatio.模仿、效法、冒.immigran.移来的、移民的、移居的;侨. immun.免疫.impac.碰撞、冲击、冲突;撞击、挤入、压. impai.削弱, 减弱impartia.公平的、不偏不倚.impen.进行威胁、即将发. implementatio.执.实现impres.印、盖印、留下印.impressio.印象、感想、盖.inadequat.不充分的、不适当.inauthenti.不真实的、假的、不可靠. inbreedin.同系繁殖、近亲交.incorporat.合并的、结社的;合. incredibl.不能相信.incu.招.indicat.指出、显示、象征、预. individua.个人、个体;个别的、单独. individualisti.个人主义.individualit.个性、个人的特.indulg.纵.industrializatio.工业化、产业.inevitabl.不可避免的、必然.infan.婴儿、幼儿;婴儿的、幼稚. influentia.有影响的、有势力.informalit.非正.ingenuit.机灵、独特性、精.ingredien.成分、因.inhal.吸入、吸.inheri.继承、遗传而.initia.最初的、词首.initiall.最初、开.initiativ.主.innovatio.改革、创.innovativ.革新的、创新.inser.插入、嵌.insignifican.无关紧要、可忽略. inspectio.检察、视.institutio.公共机构、协会、制.instruc.教导、命令, 指导instrumen.工具、手段、器. instrumenta.仪器的、器械. insufficien.不足的、不够.insulat.使绝缘、隔.insuranc.保险、保险单、保险. intak.(水管、煤气管的)进口、出. integrat.使成整体、结.intelligibl.可理解.interio.内部的、内.interpla.相互影.interprete.解释者、翻译.intervie.接见、会.intimidat.胁.intonatio.语调、声.intuitivel.直觉的、直观.inundat.淹.inventio.发明、创.inventiv.善于发明、创造. investigat.调查、研. investigatio.调查、研.iodin.碘、碘.iron.反话、讽.irresponsibilit.无责.irreversibl.不能撤回的、不能取消. irritat.激怒、使急噪;刺.irritatio.愤.isolat.使隔离、使孤立;隔离种. issu.出版、发行;发行、流. itemiz.详细说明、逐条登记.landscap.风景、山水画、地形;美. lac.缺.landfil.垃圾掩埋法、垃.lathe.肥皂.leathe.皮革、皮革制.Lega.法律的、法定的、合. leisur.空闲、闲暇、悠. lexicographe.词典编纂.likelihoo.可能、可能.limitatio.限制、局限.license.获许可的人、领到执照的. literatur.文学、文艺、著.loa.贷款、借出;借、借.locat.查找、位于;定位、位.locatio.位置、场所、特定区. loosenes.松开、解.luggag.行李、皮.luxur.奢侈、华贵.macaqu.短尾.maintai.维持、维修、供. maintenanc.维护、保.mainstrea.主.manageria.管理.manifestatio.显示、表现、示威运. marita.婚姻.matriculatio.录取入学、入学考. metropolita.首都的、主要都市的、大城. measuremen.测量法、度.mediocr.普普通通.Melbourn.墨尔.mel.使融化、使熔.manufactur.制造、加工、制造业、加工. metallurgis.冶金业、冶金学. metallurg.冶金、冶金.meteorolog.气象学、气象状. microprocesso.微处理.migrator.迁移的、流浪.migratio.移民、移植、移.minera.矿物、矿.misconceptio.误.moderatio.适.molecula.分子的、由分子组成. momentaril.即.moul.肥土、壤土;用土覆盖.naiv.天真.necrosi..negativ.否定、负数;否定的、消极. neglec.忽视、疏.neutraliz.压.nourishin.有营养的、滋养多. nourishmen.食物、营养.nuclea.核子的、原子能的、中心. nutritiona.营养的、滋养的.overlea.在背面、在次.objectif.使客观. obligatio.义务、职责、债.obstacl.障碍、妨害.obtai.获得、得.occasionall.有时候、偶.occu.发生、发.opaqu.不透明物;不透明的、不传热. optica.眼的、视力的、光学.optic.光.optimisti.乐观.optimis.乐观、乐观主.organ.元件、机.origina.最初的、原始的、独创的;原. originat.引起、发明;起源、发. outpu.产量、输出、输出.overal.全部的、全面.oversuppl.过度供给;供给过. overwhel.淹没、覆没、受打击、制. ozon.新鲜的空气;臭氧.pacif.使平静、安慰、抚.painfull.痛苦.pane.面板、嵌板、仪表.paralle.平行地、相同的;平行线;平. paralysi.瘫痪、麻.participat.参与、参加、分.particula.细节、详细;特殊的、特别. passiv.被动.pastur.牧地、*原;放.patter.模范、式样、模式;模.pav..pedice.花梗、.pensio.养老金、退休.percussio.打击乐.perfor.履行、执行、表.performanc.履行、执.perishabl.容易腐烂.permanen.永久的、持久.perpetuat.使永久、使不.persis.坚持、持.persistenc.坚持、持.perspectiv.透视画法、透视图、远景、前. pesticid.杀虫.pharmacis.配药师、药剂.phenomen.现.phosphoru..plagiaris.剽窃、剽窃.plantatio.耕地、种植园、大农场、森. platfor.(车站)月台、讲.plumbe.水管工.plu.加上;正的、加.poiso.毒药;毒害、使中毒;放毒、下. pollinatio.授.porcelai.瓷器;瓷制的、精美. portraya.描画、描.positiv.肯定的、实际的;正的、阳. posta.邮政的、邮局.potassiu..potentia.潜在的、可能的;潜能、潜. potluc.家常便.practitione.从业者、开业.precisio.精确、精密度、精. predato.掠夺.predic.预知、预.prefabricat.预.pregnanc.怀.premiu.额外费用、奖金、奖. premis.前提;提论、假定;作出前. persecutio.迫害、烦.presentatio.介绍、陈述、赠. preserv.保护、保持;蜜饯、果酱;禁. presuppos.预.preventabl.可阻止的、可预防.prim.最初、青春;主要的、最初. principall.主要.probabilit.可能性、或然.procedur.程序、手.promotio.促进、发扬、提.prospec.景色、前景、前途;寻. propert.财产、所有物、所有. propositio.主张、建议、陈. prosthetis.修复学.protrud.突.prolusio.序.provenanc.起源、出.psycholog.心理.puf.肿块、蓬松;喷出、张. punctualit.准.pyrami.角锥、棱锥、金字. pyrit.黄铁矿.rang.射程;平.recessio.撤回, 不景. Recommendatio.推荐、介. Recreatio.消遣、娱. Regiona.整个地区. Registratio.注册, 报.Rejec.被拒之人;拒.relatio.关系、联. Relationshi.关系、联. religiou.虔诚的;僧. representative.代表, 典型. Represent.表现, 描绘;提出异. Reputabl.著名.Reques.要.Requirement.需求, 必要条. Resemblanc.相似之. regiona.地方.Respon.负.Response.回答, 响. Responsivenes.响应. restrictio.限制, 约.Retai.零.Retiremen.退.Refundabl.可偿还.riva.竞争者, 竞争.Safeguar.保.Satisfactor.满意.scene.现场, 景.scru.擦.secretaria.秘书.sectio.部分, .securit.安.seductiv.诱人.selectio.选择, 选. settlemen.解决, 结. semeste.学.semina.研讨.senio.高级.sensibl.有感觉的, 明智. sensitiv.敏感.sewer.裁.shortage.不足, 缺. significantl.意味深长. significan.重要.signpos.路.simila.相似.similarl.同样. simultaneousl.同时. sincerel.真诚.socia.社会.solutio.解决的方. solvent.溶解的, 溶. southboun.往南.spar.火星, 闪烁. specializ.专. specializatio.特殊. Specialis.专.Specifi.明确的, 特殊的;细. Spra.飞沫, 喷. Springboar.跳板, 出发. Spi.纺.Stam.邮票;压. Statemen.声明, 称. Straigh.直.Stretc.伸.Strik.罢工;打, . Structura.结构.Strateg.策.Stubbor.固执.Studi.工作室, 照相. Subsequen.后来. Substanc.物.Subur.郊.Sufficien.充足.Suffi.后缀, 下.Superio.最高.Supplie.提供.Surre.四轮马. Surroundin.周围的, ;环. Suspiciou.可疑. Switzerlan.瑞.Syntheti.人造的.typescript.打印的文. technolog.工艺, 技. temperat.温和的, 适度. Temperatur.温. theoretica.理论. Topic.题目, 主. Tobacc.烟草Touris.旅游.Touris.观光. traditio.传.transfe.传递, 转. transfor.转换, 改. Tremendou.巨大的.Uncertaint.不确. Undisguise.公开. unemploye.失业. Unfamilia.不熟. Unfortunatel.不幸. unimaginabl.不可思议. Unio.联合, 联. Unite.团结. Unnecessar.不必要. Unwante.多余. uphil.登.Utilizatio.应用.variabilit.可变. Variatio.变.variou.不同. Versatilit.多功能性。

雅思考试词汇汇总

雅思考试词汇汇总

雅思考试词汇汇总第一章1普通词汇(青岛雅思培训,青岛雅思,青岛圣约翰学校)abbreviate to make (a word , story, etc.) shorter: 节略abet to help in a plan, esp. a crime: 從恿; 教唆ability power and skill ,esp. to do ,think, make, etc (尤指制作, 思考, 创造等的)能力;才能She has the ability to go to college, but she does n’t want to.abrupt 1. sudden and unexpected:突然的The train came to an abrupt stop, making many passengers fall off their seats.2. ( of behavior, character, etc.) rough, rather impolite: (行为,性格等); 无礼的abuse 1. to do cruel things to(a person or animal): 虐待, 凌辱(人或动物)I won’t allow you to abuse that dog.2. to say cruel or rude things to or about (somebody or something):骂(人或事); 讲…坏话3. to put to wrong use ;use badly: 滥用; 妄用to abuse one’spower2academic 1. concerning teaching or studying ,esp. in a college or university:(学院或大学) 教学的; 学术的(青岛雅思培训,青岛雅思,青岛圣约翰学校)2. concerning those subject taught to provide skills for the mindrather than for the hand: 人文研究的; 学术上的accelerator the piece of apparatus in a car , etc . which is used to increase speed:(汽车等的) 加速装置; 加速器access 1.a means of entering ; way in ; entrance: 进入; 通路The only ( means of ) access to their house is a narrow road.2. means or right of using , reaching , or entering: 使用接近或者进入的方法权利accommodation a place to live ; room , flat , house , hotel room ,etc .住所What sort of accommodation can you get in?accomplishment 1.the act of accomplishing or finishing work completely and successful: 完成; 成就2. a skill ; something in which one is accomplished: 造诣; 成就accordance agreement: 一致I sold the house , in accordance with your orders . accuracy the quality of being ACCURA TE : exactness or correctness :正确性; 准确性accurate careful and exact ; exactly correct : 准确的; 确切的Give me an accurate report of what happened .3acidity the quality of being acid ; sourness: 酸性; 酸味(青岛雅思培训,青岛雅思,青岛圣约翰学校)acquaintance 1. a person whom one knows, esp . through work or business , but who may not be a friend : (通过工作或业务) 认识的人;相识rmation or knowledge, as obtained though personal experience rather carefulstudy:(从经验所得的) 知识;了解I have an/some acquaintance with thelanguage .acquire to gain or come to possess by one’s own work ,skill , action . etc.获得;取得; 得到He acquired a knowledge of computers by careful study.acquisition 1.the act of acquiring: 得到;获得.2.something acquired: 获得物This car is my latest acquisition .adequate enough for the purpose , and no more :刚够的;适量的The city’s water supply is no longer adequate.adhere to stick firmly ( to another or each other ): 粘;附着The two surfaces adhered ( to each other ) , and we couldn’t get them apart.adjudicate to act as a judge : 裁判;裁决. To adjudicate a singing competitionadjust to change slightly , esp . in order to set right or make suitable for aparticular job or new condition:调整;使适合. I must adjust my watch becauseit’s slow.administration the control or direction of affairs , as of a country or business :管理;行政You would need some experience in administration.administrative of or concerning the control and direction of affairs , as of a country of business :行政的;管理的4adopt to take ( someone else’s child ) into one’s family and to take on the full responsibility in law of a parent : 收养(青岛雅思培训,青岛雅思,青岛圣约翰学校)adoption ( an example of ) the act o adoption : 收养;采取If you can’t have children of your own ,why not consider adoption ?adoptive having adopted ( esp . a child ) :收养的(尤指小孩子) her adoptive parents adrenalin a chemical substance ( hormone ) made by the body during anger , fear , fear , anxiety , etc . causing quick or violent action : 肾上腺素adult (of) a fully grown person or animal, esp. a person over an age stated by low, usu. 18 or 21: 发育成熟的(人或动物); 成年人(尤指够法定年龄者,通常为18或21岁) This movie is for adults , not children .adverbial (something) like , used as , or having qualities typical of an adverb :状语; 状语的adverse not in favor of going against ; opposing : 不利的;相反的The judge gave us an adverse decision.aerodynamics the science that studies the forces that act on bodies moving through the air: 空气动力学;气体力学aerosol a small container from which liquid can be forced out in the form of a fine mist: 喷雾器;喷洒雾剂的小容器aesthetics the study , science. or philosophy of beauty, esp . in art : 美学;审美观affirmative (a word) declaring “yes”:肯定的(话);赞成的(话) an affirmative answer afflict to cause to suffer in the body or mind ; trouble :折磨;使烦恼afflicted with blindnessaffluent having plenty of money or other possessions; wealthy:富裕的;富足的agenda a list of the business or subject to be considered at a meeting :议程agile able to move quickly and easily ; active :敏捷的;灵活的agriculture the art or practice of farming , esp . of growing crops:农业aid support ; help : 援助;帮助He went to the aid of the hurt man. Alluvial being , concerning , or made of soil put down by rivers , lakes , floods , etc . 冲击的;淤积的Ally to join or unite , as by political agreement or marriage :结合;团结(政治联盟或来联姻) the small country allied itself with / to the stronger power . Almond a fruit tree whose seeds are eaten as nuts : 杏树Alphabet the set of letters used in writing any language, esp. when arranged in order: 字母表5Alpine of or concerning the Alps or other high mountains : 关于阿尔卑斯山脉或其他高山的(青岛雅思培训,青岛雅思,青岛圣约翰学校)Alternative (of two things) that may be used, had, done, etc. instead of another; other: 两者选一的; 其他的The returned by an alternative road.Something, esp. a course of action that may be taken or had instead of one or more others: 抉择; 可供选择的方案The alternative to beingtaken prisoner was to die fighting.Altitude height, as of a mountain above sea level: (海拔)高度Amalgamate t o join; unite; combine: (企业, 团体, 组织等)(使)联合;(使) 合并Amateur a person who performs, plays, takes part in sports, takes photographs, etc.for enjoyment an without being paid for it: 业余爱好者Amber (the color of a yellowish brown hard clear substance used for jewels, decorations, ect. 琥珀Ambitious having a strong desire for success, power, riches, etc. 有雄心的; 野心勃勃的an ambitious to succeed in politicsAmbivalent having opposing feelings towards , or opinions about , something or someone : (对人或事)有矛盾情绪(或看法)的Ambulance a motor vehicle for carrying sick or wounded people, esp. to a hospital: 救护车Ammonia a strong gas with a sharp smell, used in explosives, in chemical to (fertilizers) to help plants grow, etc. 氨Amphibian an animal that is able to live both on land and in water : 水陆两栖动物(如蛙)Amputate to cut off (part of the body), esp. for medical reasons: 切除(身体的一部分); 截肢He leg was so badly damaged that the doctors had to amputateit .Analogous like or alike in someway : 类似的,相似的Your suggestion was analogous to one that was made earlier .Analysis ( an ) examination of something together with thoughts and judgments about it : 分析;剖析His analysis of the accident showed what hadhappened .Anatomy the scientific study of the bodies of living things, esp. by cutting up dead bodies: 解剖学Anchor a heavy piece of metal , usu. hooked , at the end of a chain or rope , for lowering into the water to keep a ship from moving : 锚To stop sailing andlower the anchor :停船下锚;抛锚Anecdote a short interesting or amusing story about a particular person or event : 轶事;趣闻Anguish very great pain and suffering, esp. of mind: (心里) 极大的痛苦She was in anguish over her missing child .Antenna a long thin sensitive hair like organ. usu . in pairs , on the heads of some insects and animals that live in shells , and used to feel with : 触角;触须6Anthropology the scientific study of the human race ,including its different its bodily types and its beliefs , social habits ,etc . 人类学(青岛雅思培训,青岛雅思,青岛圣约翰学校)Antibiotic ( a medical substance , such as penicillin ) produced by living things andable to stop the growth of , or destroy , harmful bacteria that have entered thebody: 抗菌素;抗生素Anticipation the act of anticipating : 预期;期待We waited at the station in anticipation of her arrival .Anticlockwise BrE in the opposite direction to the hands of a clock :逆时针方向的Antiquated old and not suited to present needs or conditions ; not modern ;old-fashioned: 过时的;陈旧的;老式的.Anxiety fear and worry , esp . as caused by uncertainty about something :担忧;不安;焦虑. They felt strong anxiety ( for her safety / about her ) .Aphorism a true or wise saying or principle expressed in a few words maxim :格言;警句Apiece to , for , or from each person or thing ;each: 每人;每个;个The apples cost fifty cents apiece .Apparel clothes , esp . of a fine or special sort : 服装;衣着(尤指质地优良或特制的) priestly apparelApparent easily seen or understood ; plain : 明显的;显而易见的Her anxiety was apparent to everyone .Appeal strong request for help , support , money , mercy : 恳求;呼吁;(帮助;支持;钱;慈悲等)Appendix a short wormlike organ leading off the bowel , and having little or no use: 阑尾;盲肠Appliance a n apparatus , instrument , or tool for a particular purpose , esp . a machine run by electricity and used in the house : 器具; 装置(尤指家用电器) This househas several appliances such as a washing machine and clothes dryer . Applicable able to have an effect on : 生效的;适用的The new law is applicable beginning next Monday.Appraise to judge he worth , quality , or condition of ; find out the value of :估价;评价They appraised the house carefully before they bought it . Approach t he act of approaching : 靠近;接近The approach of winter brings cold weather .Appropriate correct or suitable : 正确的;合适的His bright clothes were not appropriate for a funeral .Approve to agree officially to : 批准; 同意;通过. The company president approved the building plans .Approximate nearly correct , but not exact :大概,大约The approximate number of boys in the school is 300 but remember that 300 is only an approximate figure . Aquatic living or happening in or on water : 水生的; 水中或水上的Aquatic plants / animalsArable 可耕的;适用于耕种的.Arbitrate to act as a judge in (an argument), esp. at the request of both sides: 仲裁; 公断Someone must arbitrate between them.Arboreal concerned with , or living in trees 树林的; 有关树林的;乔木的Archaeology t he study of the buried remains of ancient times , such as houses , pots , tools, and weapons :考古学Architecture the art and science of building , including its planning , making , and ornamentation : 建筑学Argument a disagreement, esp . one that is noisy ; quarrel : 争论;争吵Arithmetic the science of numbers ; calculation by numbers: 算术(学) ;计算Aroma a strong usu. pleasant smell :芳香; 香气The aroma of fresh coffeeArouse to cause to wake ; rouse : 唤醒,叫醒We aroused him from his deep sleep .Arrange to set in a good or pleasing order : 布置;整理;排列to arrange flowerArrangement an agreement or plan ; something arranged : 安排;准备She’s in charge of all the arrangements for the wedding .Array to set in order : 部署,列阵The soldiers were arrayed on the opposite hill .Artery a blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the blood :动脉Arthritis a disease cause pain and swilling in the joints of the body : 关节炎Ascertain to discover ( the facts of something ) ; get to know : 发现;查明;确定I am going to ascertain the truthAscribe attribute to : 把…归于He ascribe his success to skill and hand work.Assault a sudden violent attack :突袭He led an assault against or to which one is being sent : ( 分配的) 工作;任务an assignment in IndiaAssist to help or support : 援助帮助They assisted ( him ) in performing the operationAssociate ( cause to ) join as friends or business partners : ( 使) 交往, 合伙He associate with criminals .Assortment a group of mixed things or of various example of the same type of thing ;mixture: 什锦;各式各样物品的配合. This box contains an assortment ofcandy .Assume to take as a fact or as true without proof ,suppose: 假定;设想. If he’s not here in five minutes ,we will assume (that) he isn’t coming .Assure to try to cause ( someone ) to believe or trust in something ; promise : 保证;担保I assure you that this medicine cannot harm you .Assured having or showing certainty of one’s own abilities : 自信的,有信心的an assured mannerAsterisk a star like mark ( * ) use : 星状标记(*)Asthma a diseased condition which makes breathing very difficult at times : 气喘(病) ;哮喘.Astrology the art of understanding the supposed influence on events and character of the starts and planets : 占星术,星占学Asymmetric having sides that are not alike : 不对称的Attach to fix ; fasten ; join : 固定住;系;连接The picture is attached to the wall by a nail .Attain to succeed in arriving at , esp . after effort ; reach : (尤指经过努力)获得,达到She attained the position of director .Attendance the act of attending :照顾;护理There is a doctor in attendance . Audience the people listening to or watching a performance , speech , television show , etc . 听众观众The audience was / were very exited by the show . Audiovisual of , for, or concerning both sight and hearing : 视听的,听觉的,视觉的The school’s audiovisual department has lots of films and records .Automatic able to work or move by itself without needing the operation of a person : ( 尤指机器) 自动的The heating system here has an automatictemperature control .Auxiliary offering or giving help ; adding support : 辅助的;补助的;附属的.Auxiliary workers / machineryAvailable able to be gotten , abstained , used , seen . etc . 可得到的,可用的,可看见的I’m sorry ,sir , those shows are not available in your size . Average the amount found by adding together several quantities and then dividing by number of quantities : 平均数The average of 3,8,and 10 is 7Aware having knowledge or understanding : 意识到的;知道的Are you aware of the difficulty / that there is a difficulty ?Awesome expressing or causing feelings of awe ( esp . when fear is present ) : 可怕的;令人恐惧的an awesome account of the terrors of war。

剑桥雅思阅读-教育语言类500个必会词 全

剑桥雅思阅读-教育语言类500个必会词 全

Johnson’s Dictionary第一段1.publish v. 出版;发行;刊登2.concern n. 担忧,担心3.state n. 状态,国家4.standard n. 标准,水平;规格,规范5.chaos n. 混乱,无序的状态6.solution n. 解决方案,解决方法第二段pile v. 编辑,编纂2.alphabeticall adj.(古英语拼法) =alphabetical按字母表顺3.concentrate v. 集中,关注4.scholarly adj.博学的,学问精深的5.function n. 功能6.convey v. 传达,传递序的7.impression n. 印象,感觉8.fine adj. 优秀的,杰出的第三段1.practical adj. 实用的, 实践的2.anxious adj. 焦虑的3.define v. 给……下定义4.circumscribe v. 限制,约束5.conquer v. 征服6.lexical adj. 词汇的mercial adj. 商业的8.appropriate adj.适当的, 恰当的9.literary adj.文学的, 文艺的10.heyday n. 全盛时期第四段1.critic n. 批评家2.raise 提高, 提升;养育3.genius n. 天赋,天才4.approach n. 方法;v. 靠近,接近5.intensely adv. 程度很深地6.produce v.生产,制造;创作;生育7.scale n.规模8.establishment n. 建立,设立;建立的机构(公司、企业、机关等)9.academy n. 研究院,学会10.settle v.安放,安顿11.single-handed adj.单独的,独力做的;无人帮助的;使用单手的12.contract n. 合同,契约13.bookseller n.书商,书店老板14.inn n. 小旅馆,小酒馆15.instalment n. 分期付款;卷16.workshop n. 工作间,车间;专题讨论会,研讨会第五段1.biographer n. 传记作者2.garret n. 阁楼,顶楼的小室3.clerk n. 职员,店员4.station v. 静坐,驻扎5.rickety adj. 不牢固的,快要散架的6.crazy adj. 疯狂的,着迷的,热衷的,狂热的7.surround v. 包围,环绕,围绕8.assistant n. 助手,助理9.whilst=while conj. 当……时候10.preparation n. 准备,预备第六段1.immense adj. 巨大的2.definition n. 定义3.illustrate v. 说明,阐明;图解4.quotation n. 引语,引文,引述5.Elizabethan n. 伊丽莎白女王一世时代的英国人(尤其指诗人、剧作家和作家)6.subject n. 主题,题材;科目,学科;实验对象7.expect v.预计,期待8.achieve v. 完成,实现,达到plete v. 完成,结束10.originality n. 创造力,独创性11.deadline n. 最后期限12.file v. 把文件或资料归档n. 文件13.previous adj.先前的,以前的14.heroic adj.宏大的,宏伟的15.synthesis n. 整合16.predecessor n. 先驱者,先前的人17.shade n. 细微差别,背阴处18.adopt v. 收养,采取,采纳19.principle n. 原则,原理20.English common law英国普通法则21.according to 根据,依据22.precedent n. 先例23.publication n. 出版,发行;出版物,刊物24.rival v. 对抗,与……抗衡第七段1.vicissitude n. 变故,变迁,兴衰,浮沉2.instantly adv. 立即,当即3.recognise v. 承认,认可,认出,识别ndmark n. 里程碑5.noble adj. 高贵的,高尚的,崇高的6.lexicographer n. 词典编纂者7.perpetual adj. 永恒的8.monument n. 丰碑,纪念碑9.fame n. 荣誉,名声10.general adj. 一般的,普遍的11.benefit n. 利益,好处12.the republic of Letters 文学界13.celebration n. 庆祝第八段1.assistance n. 帮助,援助2.patronage n. 赞助,帮助3.obscurity n. 隐匿,费解,默默无闻4.retirement n. 退休5.shelter n.遮蔽,保护6.bower n. 树阴处,闺房,卧室,凉亭7.amidst prep. 在……之中8.inconvenience n. 不便9.distraction n. 干扰10.sickness n. 生病,恶心11.sorrow n. 悲伤12.eccentricity n. 古怪,异乎寻常13.volume n. 卷14.masterpiece n. 杰作ndmark n. 里程碑16.orthography n. 正确拼字法17.display v. 显示,表现,显露18.analogy n. 对比,类比19.regulate v. 控制,管理20.structure n. 结构,构成21.ascertain v. 确定22.signification n. 字词的含义,意义23.cornerstone n. 基石,基础24.achievement n.成绩,成就25.stability n. 稳定,稳定性,安定第九段1.esteemed adj.令人尊敬的2.prevail upon 说服,劝说3.pension n. 养老金,退休金4.folklore n. 民间传说,民俗The Birth of Scientific English第一段1.dominate v. 统治,在……中拥有重要的2.paper n. 论文3.audience n. 读者,观众位置4.prominence n. 重要性,显要5.intellectuals n. 知识分子,脑力工作者第二段1.the European Renaissance 欧洲文艺复兴2.c. =circa 大约,左右3.revival n. 复兴,复活4.renew v. 重新开始,使复活,使更新5.classical adj. 正统派的,古典的(指古希腊古罗马文学、艺术的)6.scholar n. 学者7.emergent adj. 新兴的,浮现的,有民族意识的petitive adj. 竞争的,具有竞争性的9.exploration n. 开发,利用10.expansion n. 扩张,扩大11.magnetism n. 磁场,磁性,磁力pass n. 罗盘,指南针13.cartography n. 地图制作法,制图学14.astronomy n. 天文学15.star n. 恒星16.Copernicus 哥白尼第三段1.adopt v. 接受,采纳2.publicise v. 宣扬3.enthusiasm n. 热情4.found v. 建立,创办5.the Royal Society英国皇家学会6.promote v. 促进,加强7.empirical adj. 经验的,实证的(以实际实验为依据或指导的)第四段1.academy n. 学会,研究院2.arise v. 产生,出现,形成;升起,上升3.initial adj. 初始的,起始的4.the Principia n. 《自然哲学的数学原理》(简称《原理》)5.encyclopedia n. 百科全书6.textbook n. 教科书,课本7.translation n. 翻译,译文8.treatise n. 专著,专题论文9.opticks n. (古英语)光学第五段1.original adj. 原创的,原版的,原作的2.international adj.国际的3.hence 因此第六段1.perversely adv. 荒谬地,变态地2.concern n. 关心,担忧3.domain n. 区域,领域4.preliminary adj. 初步的,初始的5.exploit v. 探索6.rational adj. 理性的,明智的;合理的mercial adj. 商业的8.exploitation n. 利用9.distinction n. 区别,特征ck v. 缺少11.proof n. 证据12.cipher n. 密码13.obscure adj. 艰深晦涩的14.deposit v. 储存,堆积,放置,存放15.seal v. 密封,盖戳16.keenly adv. 热切地第七段1.delay v. 拖延,延迟2.inadequacy n. 不足,不充分3.vocabulary n. 词汇4.grammatical adj. 语法的5.objective adj. 客观的6.impersonal adj. 不受个人感情影响的,客观的7.hypothetical adj. 假设的8.entity n. 实体,独立存在物第八段1.fortunately adv. 幸运地,有幸2.Possess v. 懂得,拥有,具有3.engage v. 参与,参加4.linguistic adj.语言上的5.proposal n. 建议,提议mittee n. 委员会7.foster v. 促进,加强8.suitable adj.适当的,合适的9.monograph n. 学术专著,专论,专题著作10.curator n. 负责人,监督人11.microscope n. 显微镜12.narrative adj. 描述性的,记叙性质的13.transcript n. 抄本,文字记录14.oral adj. 口头的15.demonstration n. 展示,示范16.lecture n. 讲座第九段1.journal n. 期刊,杂志,日志2.Philosophical adj.哲学的3.transaction n. 学术团体的学报;交易4.inaugurate v. 创立5.genre n. 风格,格调6.focused adj. 关注的,集中的7.account n. 记述第十段1.formative adj.发展的2.establishment n. 建立3.momentum n. 势头;动力4.estimate v. 估计5.oppose v. 对立,对抗6.substantial adj.相当的,大量的7.lexical adj. 词汇的8.specialised adj.专门的, 特别的,9.professional adj. 专业的,职业的10.institute v. 建立11.discipline n. 学科,纪律Do literate women make better mothers 受过教育的妇女会是更好的母亲吗?第一段:1.survive v. 生存2.survival n. 存活第二段:1.literate adj. 有文化的2.indicate v. 显示3.eliminate v. 排除,消除4.illiterate adj. 不识字的,没受教育的第三段:1.establish v. 建立,确立2.attend v. 加入,参与第四段:1.literacy n. 读写能力2.infancy n. 幼年,婴儿期3.crusade n. (为某种目的而发起的)运动4.nourish v. 滋养,养育第五段:1.investigate v. 调查2.mortality n. 死亡,死亡率3.striking adj. 显著的,惊人的第六段:1.figure n. 数据2.impressive adj. 给人深刻印象的第七段:1.exert v. 对…施加,运用2.merely adv. 仅仅,不过第八段:1.implications n. 暗示,含义2.intervention n. 干涉,干预3.recommendation n. 推荐;介绍(信)4.budget n. 预算第九段:1.maternal adj. 母亲的2.pay-off n. 收益第十段:1.campaign n. 战役;活动2.immediate adj. 直接的;紧接的3.impact n. 影响,效果4.replicate v. 复制5.challenge n. 挑战剑六最后一篇A类文章,主题:学校欺凌现象开篇引言:1.persistent adj. 持续的,持久稳固的2.bully v. 欺凌,威吓3.prevent vt. 防止,预防4.psychology n. 心理学;心理状态A段:1.variety n. 变化,多样性2.verbal adj. 口头的3.taunt v. 辱骂,嘲弄4.exclude v. 拒绝接纳,排斥5.particularly adv. 特别地,独特地6.recalcitrant adj. 反抗的,顽抗的B段:1.unworthy n. 没有价值的2.depressed adj. 沮丧的,情绪低落的3.extreme adj. 极端的,极度的4.victimised adj. 受到伤害的5.convict v. 指控6.interpersonal adj. 人与人之间的,人际关系的7.violent adj. 狂暴的C段:1.consequence n. 结果,因果关系2.severity n. 严重;严格3.refrain n. 躲避;托辞4.occur v. 发生D段:1.awareness n. 意识2.tackle v. 应付(难事等),处理,解决3.available. adj. 存在的,有的4.circulate v. 分发;流通5.evaluation n. 评价,估价6.monitor v. 监控E段:1.explicit adj. 清楚的rm v. 通知3.sanction n. 制裁,处罚4.consultation n. 咨询,磋商5.impose v. 推行6.disseminate v. 散布7.implement v. 贯彻,执行8.curriculum n. 课程9.revise v. 修订,校订,修正10.substitute n. 替代品11.individual adj. 个人的12.assertiveness n. 自信13.liable adj. 有可能的14.victim n. 受害人,牺牲者15.worthwhile adj. 值得做的16.approach n. 方法17.confront v. 面对18.supervisor n. 监督人,管理人19.distinguish v. 区别,辨别20.conflict n. 冲突21.boredom n. 无聊,厌倦22.frustration n. 挫败F段:1.involvement n. 参与2.substantial adj. 巨大的,显著的3.reduction n. 减少4.objective n. 目标Educating Psyche 暗示教学法第一段:1.radical adj. 激烈的,激进的2.approach n. 方法3.unconscious adj. 潜意识的4.propose v. 提议;建议第二段:1.instructional adj. 教学的2.process v. 加工,处理3.connection n. 联系,关系4.durable adj. 耐久的5.perceive v. 接收,感知6.content n. 内容7.concentrate v. 关注,集中注意力于8.elusive adj. 难以捉摸的9.peripherally adv. 周围地,外围地第三段:1.attribute v. 归因于2.counterproductive adj. 起反作用的3.extreme adj. 极端的4.memorise v. 记住5.tense v. 使紧张6.induce v. 引起,导致7.fatigue n. 疲劳8.reserve adj. 储备9.capacity n. 能力;容量10.shift v. 转移,改变11.curriculum n. 课程第四段:1.illustration n. 例证,实例2.variant n. 变形;改写3.solemnly adv. 庄严地,严肃地4.attempt n. 尝试5.dynamics n. 旋律第五段:1.beforehand adv. 事先2.staff n. 员工3.preliminary adj. 初步的,预备的4.cover v. 涉及,包含第六段:1.stimulate v. 激励;刺激2.improvise v. 即兴进行3.distinctive adj. 独特的4.devote v. 致力于5.assume v. 认为6.automatic adj. 自动的7.accomplish v. 完成,实现8.apply v. 应用9.accessible adj. 容易取得的10.conventional adj. 传统的,惯常的11.regularly v. 通常第七段:1.procedure n. 程序2.essential adj. 必不可少的3.ritual n. 仪式4.acknowledge v. 承认5.maintain v. 认为6.tap v. 开发;利用7.dispense v. 放弃8.authority n. 权威9.autocratic adj. 权威的10.insist v. 坚持11.precisely adv. 精确地,准确地12.categoric adj. 坚决的,绝对的13.designate v. 标明,指明14.accredited adj. 公认的第八段:1.notoriety n. 名气2.emulate v. 努力赶上3.spectacular adj. 轰动的,惊人的4.mediocre adj. 平凡的,平庸的5.inadequate adj. 不足的6.appropriate adj. 正确的,恰当的7.motivate v. 激发,给予动力8.faith n. 信念9.involve n. 涉及,牵扯Land of the Rising Sum 数学崛起之地A段:1.average adj. 平均的2.attainment n. 得分;成绩3.sample n. 样板,案例4.proportion n. 比例,部分5.incidentally adv. 偶然地;碰巧地6.variation n. 不同;变化7.consistent adj. 一贯的,一致的B段:1.virtually adv. 几乎;事实上2.spacious adj. 宽敞的3.standardised adj. 标准化的4.formal adj. 正式的5.address n. 问候,称呼6.mutual adj. 相互的,彼此的7.unstreamed adj. 不按智力分班的8.considerable adj. 相当可观的9.identity n. 身份10.loyalty n. 忠诚度11.neighbourhood n. 临近的地方,社区12.ranking n. 排名;等级C段:1.demonstrate v. 演示,展示2.concept n. 概念pulsory adj. 义务的4.presumably adv. 大概,预估5.keen. adj. 热衷于6.approve v. 赞同;同意7.deliver v. 实现;履行D段:1.pattern n. 模式2.solution n. 答案;解决方案ment v. 讲评,解释4.elaborate v. 进一步说明;细讲5.principle n. 原则6.schooling n. 学校教育7.avoid v. 避免8.ignorance n. 无知9.supplementary adj. 补充的10.distribute v. 分发prehensive adj. 全面的,综合的12.coverage n. 覆盖面,涵盖性bine v. 混合14.homogeneity n. 齐次性15.render v. 使成为,使变得16.circulate v. 巡视E段:1.extra adj. 额外的2.seek v. 寻求3.foster v. 创造,形成4.scarcely adv. 几乎不5.attitude n. 态度6.tuition n. 辅导F段1.contribute v. 做贡献2.value v. 看重,重视3.accuracy n. 正确性4.relevant adj. 有关的5.unjustified adj. 不公正的6.inspirational adj. 鼓舞人心的,启发灵感的The Nature of Genius 天才的本质第一段:1.genius n. 天才2.prodigy n. 神童3.cult n. 狂热崇拜4.divinity n. 神明5.perpetuate v. 使永久存在,使不朽6.represent v. 代表7.attribute n. 品质;属性8.characteristic n. 特点,特征9.derive v. 来自于10.astrology n. 星相学11.genetics n. 基因学12.exceptional adj. 非同一般的,优秀的第二段:1.concept n. 概念2.ambivalent adj. 矛盾的3.mistrust v. 不信任4.talented adj. 有才华的5.defective adj. 有缺陷的6.intellectual n. 知识分子7.impractical adj. 不切实际的,缺乏实践经验的8.eccentric adj. 古怪的9.intelligent adj. 聪明的,有智慧的10.adversity n. 敌意,逆境11.denigration n. 贬损第三段:1.frequency n. 频率2.adjustment n. 适应3.fascinating adj. 吸引人的4.apparent adj. 明显的5.exception n. 例外6.collate v. 整理7.upbringing n. 养育8.corporal adj. 身体的9.privileged adj. 有特权的10.objective adj. 客观的第四段:1.define v. 定义2.peak n. 高峰3.visible adj. 可见的4.vantage n. 优势5.term n. 名称;术语6.apply v. 运用7.continuum n. 连续性8.mundane adj. 普通的,平凡的9.mediocre adj. 平凡的,平庸的10.nurture v. 养育;滋养11.trigger v. 触发,激发第五段:1.appreciate v. 欣赏,喜爱2.marvel v. 惊叹3.manifestation n. 展示;证明4.superior adj. 优越的,超越的5.demonstrate v. 论证;示范6.outrageous adj. 极度的7.minimise v. 最小化8.supremacy n. 优势;至高地位第六段:1.emulate v. 仿效;努力赶超2.unpalatable adj. 令人不快的,讨厌的3.perseverance n. 坚持不懈4.dedication n. 专注5.restriction n. 限制6.preserve v. 保持;保存7.integrity n. 尊严;完整性第七段:1.substance n. 实质2.precision n. 精确性3.delude v. 欺骗;迷惑4.humanity n. 人类5.performance n. 表现6.。

雅思学术类词汇表(音译双全)

雅思学术类词汇表(音译双全)

The academic word listSublist 1•analyze[ˈænəlaiz] vt.〈美〉分析, 分解, 解释•constitute[ˈkɔnstitju:t] vt.构成, 组成建立, 制定选定, 任命•establish[isˈtæbliʃ] vt.建立, 成立安置确定, 证实•indicate[ˈindikeit] vt.标示, 指示, 指出象征; 表明或暗示…的可能性•occur[əˈkə:] vi.发生; 举行; 存在被发现; 想到[起]•role[rəul] n.作用, 职责角色•approach[əˈprəutʃ] n.靠近, 接近, 临近通路, 入口, 途径方式, 方法vt.接洽, 交涉; 着手处理vt. & vi.接近, 走近, 靠近•context[ˈkɔntekst] n.背景, 环境上下文, 语境•estimate[ˈestimeit] n.估计, 估价报价判断vt. & vi.估计; 评价, 评估•individual[ˌɪndiˈvidjuəl] adj.个别的, 单独的, 个人的独特的n.个人人•percent[pəˈsent] n.百分比,百分数•section[ˈsekʃən] n.章节部分部门, 科截面, 剖面地区, 区•area[ˈɛəriə] n.面积区域, 地区领域, 方面•contract[kənˈtrækt] n.契约, 合同vt.缔结; 订契约vt. & vi.染上(恶习, 疾病等)缩小; 紧缩•evident[ˈevidənt] adj.明显的, 明白的•interpret[inˈtə:prit] vt.解释; 说明vt. & vi.口译; 翻译•period[ˈpiəriəd] n.(一段)时间时期, 时代学时, 课时句号, 句点•sector[ˈsektə] n.部门; 领域防御地区, 防卫区域扇形, 扇形面•assess[əˈses] vt.估价, 估计评定, 核定•create[kriˈeit] vt.创造, 创作, 创建引起, 产生•export[eksˈpɔ:t] n.输出, 出口输出[出口]物vt. & vi.出口, 输出•involve[inˈvɔlv] vt.使某事物成为必要条件或结果; 需要使参与, 牵涉•policy[ˈpɔləsi] n.政策, 方针策略, 精明的行为, 上策保险单•significant[siɡˈnifikənt] adj.重要的, 重大的, 可观的有意义的, 有用意的意味深长的•assume[əˈsju:m] vt.假设, 臆断, 猜想假装承担, 担任, 就职呈现, 采取•data[ˈdeitə] n.资料, 材料•factor[ˈfæktə] n.因素, 要素〈数〉因子, 因数•issue[ˈisju:] n.问题, 议题; 争论点发行物放出, 流出; 发出, 发行〈正〉结果, 结局vi.冒出, 流出; 传出vt.出版, 发行发表, 发布分配, 发给•principle[ˈprinsəpl] n.原则, 原理准则, 规范操守, 道义工作原理•similar[ˈsimilə] adj.类似的; 同类的; 相似的; 同样的•authority[ɔ:ˈθɔriti] n.权力, 职权官方, 当局权威, 专家•define[diˈfain] vt.精确地解释; 界定规定, 确定•finance[faiˈnæns] n.财政, 金融财源, 资金, 财务情况vt.为…供给资金, 从事金融活动•labour[ˈleibə] n.劳动, 努力; 工作劳工, 工人分娩, (分娩时的)阵痛vi.劳动; 努力艰难行进•proceed[prəˈsi:d] vi.前进; 行进进行; 继续下去•source[sɔ:s] n.河流的源头, 发源地来源, 出处原因提供资料者, 资料来源•available[əˈveiləbl] adj.可用的或可得到的可会见的, 可与之交谈的•derive[diˈraiv] vt. & vi.得到源于•formula[ˈfɔ:mjulə] n.准则, 原则公式, 方程式配方•legal[ˈli:ɡəl] adj.法律上的; 合法的; 法定的•process[ˈprəuses] n.过程, 进程工序, 制作法vi.列队行进vt.加工; 处理•specific[spiˈsifik] adj.明确的, 确切的, 详尽的具体的, 特有的, 特定的仅限于…的; 只发现于…的n.特效药具体方面, 细节•benefit[ˈbenifit] n.益处, 好处救济金, 保险金vt. & vi.有益于, 得益•distribute[disˈtribju:t] vt.分配, 分给散发; 散播; 分布•function[ˈfʌŋkʃən] n.功能; 作用; 职责函数; 与另一事物有密切关系的事物社交集会vi.工作, 运行, 起作用•legislate[ˈledʒisleit] vt. & vi.立法; 制定法律•require[riˈkwaiə] vt.有赖于…; 需要命令, 指示要求, 规定想要•structure[ˈstrʌktʃə] n.结构, 构造有结构的事物; 复杂的整体; 建筑物vt.组织;安排; 构造; 制定•concept[ˈkɔnsept] n.概念; 观念; 想法•economy[iˈkɔnəmi] n.节约, 节省经济体制, 经济状况•identify[aiˈdentifai] vt.认出, 识别支持, 同情vt. & vi.等同于; 有关联•major[ˈmeidʒə] adj.较大的; 主要的; 严重的n.少校专业; 主修科目vi.〈美〉主修, 专攻•research[riˈsə:tʃ] n.研究; 探讨vi.做研究, 探究, 研究, 探讨vt.从事…的研究, 为…而做研究•theory[ˈθiəri] n.学说理论, 原理意见, 看法•consist[kənˈsist] vi.组成, 构成在于, 存在于•environment[inˈvaiərənmənt] n.环境, 周围状况, 自然环境•income[ˈinkəm] n.收入, 所得, 收益•method[ˈmeθəd] n.方法, 办法秩序, 条理•respond[riˈspɔnd] vi.有反应; 有效果; 有影响vt. & vi.回答; 回报; 响应•vary[ˈvɛəri] vi.呈现不同vt. & vi.(使)变化, 改变Sublist 2•achieve[əˈtʃi:v] vt.取得, 获得实现, 达到, 完成•community[kəˈmju:niti] n.社区, 社会, 团体大众, 公众共有, 共享•design[diˈzain] n.图样, 设计图设计, 布局目的, 打算vt.计划, 筹划vt. & vi.设计, 绘制•institute[ˈinstitju:t] n.协会, 学会; 学院, 研究院vt.建立, 制定; 开始, 着手•potential[pəˈtenʃəl] adj.潜在的, 有可能的n.潜力, 潜势, 可能性•restrict[risˈtrikt] vt.限制; 约束•acquire[əˈkwaiə] vt.获得, 得到, 养成•complex[ˈkɔmpleks] adj.由许多部分组成的, 复合的复杂的, 难懂的n.综合体, 集合体〈心〉情结, 夸大的情绪反应•distinct[disˈtiŋkt] adj.截然不同的, 完全分开的清晰的, 明白的, 明显的•invest[inˈvest] vt.授予vt. & vi.投资; 花费•previous[ˈpri:viəs] adj.先前的, 以前的过早的, 过急的•secure[siˈkjuə] adj.牢固的; 可靠的有把握的; 确切的vt.握紧; 关牢使安全(使)获得; 把…弄到手•administer[ədˈministə] vt.管理, 支配给予执行, 实施•compute[kəmˈpju:t] vt.计算, 估算•element[ˈelimənt] n.(化学)元素成分, 要素, 原件一伙人基础, 纲要, 原理•item[ˈaitəm] n.一项, 一件, 一条; 项目•primary[ˈpraiməri] adj.首要的; 主要的; 基本的最初的; 初级的•seek[si:k] vi.企图; 试图vt.请求, 征求; 求教vt. & vi.寻找; 探寻•affect[əˈfekt] vt.影响感动假装•conclude[kənˈklu:d] vt.得出结论; 断定决定vt. & vi.结束•equate[iˈkweit] vt.认为某事物(与另一事物)相等或相仿•journal[ˈdʒə:nl] n.杂志, 期刊日志, 日记•purchase[ˈpə:tʃəs] n.购买, 购置买到的东西vt.购买•select[siˈlekt] adj.精选的, 挑选出来的限制性的, 选择严格的vt.选择; 挑选•appropriate[əˈprəupriit] adj.适当的, 恰当的vt.挪用; 占用; 盗用拨出(款项) •conduct[kənˈdʌkt] n.举止, 行为管理(方式), 实施(方式) vt. & vi.引导, 带领, 担任指挥控制, 管理传导•evaluate[iˈvæljueit] vt.评价, 估计, 估价•maintain[meinˈtein] vt.保持; 继续保养, 维护坚持; 主张供给; 赡养•range[reindʒ] n.一系列变化幅度, 范围射程, 距离(山)脉vi.变化vt.排列•site[sait] n.位置, 场所, 地点vt.使坐落在; 设置•aspect[ˈæspekt] n.方面方位, 朝向面貌, 模样, 神态•consequent[ˈkɔnsikwənt] adj.作为结果的, 随之发生的•feature[ˈfi:tʃə] n.特征, 特色面貌, 相貌特写, 专题节目(电影的)正片, 故事片•normal[ˈnɔ:məl] adj.正常的, 平常的正规的; 标准的•region[ˈri:dʒən] n.地区; 地带; 区域; 范围•strategy[ˈstrætidʒi] n.战略学, 兵法战略, 策略策略, 计谋•assist[əˈsist] vt. & vi.帮助, 促进•construct[kənˈstrʌkt] vt.修建, 建立构成, 组成•final[ˈfainəl] adj.最后的, 最终的决定性的, 确定性的n.决赛(大学的)期终考试•obtain[əbˈtein] vi.通行; 流行vt.获得, 得到; 买到•regulate[ˈreɡjuleit] vt.控制, 管理调整; 调节•survey[səˈvei] n.调查vt.眺望; 纵览测量; 勘察检查, 鉴定通盘考虑, 回顾•category[ˈkætiɡəri] n.种类, 类别•consume[kənˈsju:m] vt.消耗, 消费, 耗尽大吃, 大喝烧毁, 毁灭•focus[ˈfəukəs] n.焦点, 焦距; 中心vt. & vi.(使)集中, (使)聚集调整(镜头, 眼睛)焦点[焦距]以便看清•participate[pɑ:ˈtisipeit] vt. & vi.参加, 参与•relevant[ˈreləvənt] adj.有关的, 切题的•text[tekst] n.正文, 本文原文, 全文教科书, 课本•chapter[ˈtʃæptə] n.章, 回, 篇•credit[ˈkredit] n.赊购; 赊购制度存款; 存款数额借款; 贷款赞扬, 荣誉, 功劳信任, 相信学分vt.相信, 信任把…记入贷方, 存入(账户)•impact[ˈimpækt] n.影响, 作用冲击(力), 碰撞vt. & vi.对某事物有影响•perceive[pəˈsi:v] vt.感觉, 察觉, 理解•reside[riˈzaid] vi.居住; 定居•tradition[trəˈdiʃən] n.传统惯例•commission[kəˈmiʃən] n.授权, 委托委员会佣金, 回扣vt.委任, 委托•culture[ˈkʌltʃə] n.文化休养, 教养, 精神文明养殖, 培养, 栽培vt.培植, 培养•injure[ˈindʒə] vt.伤害, 损害•positive[ˈpɔzitiv] adj.确实的, 明确的积极的; 肯定的表现得有信心和有希望的, 确信的〈数〉〈电〉正的, 阳性的完全的; 纯粹的n.〈语〉原级形容词确实; 正量, 正数正片•resource[riˈsɔ:s] n.资源(必要时可给予)帮助、支持或安慰的事物才智; 机敏; 创造精神•transfer[trænsˈfə:] n.转移; 转让; 转录中转, 换乘, 改变路线vt.转让vt. & vi.转移; 迁移Sublist 3•alternative[ɔ:lˈtə:nətiv] adj.两者择一的, 供替代的不寻常的, 非传统性的非正统的n.取舍, 抉择, 可供选择的事物选择的余地, 可供选择的机会•convene[kənˈvi:n] vt. & vi.召开, 召集•emphasis[ˈemfəsis] n.强调, 重点•interact[ˌɪntərˈækt] vi.相互作用[影响], 互相配合•philosophy[fiˈlɔsəfi] n.哲学人生哲学, 人生观达观•sex[seks] n.性别; 性男性; 女性性关系性活动, 性行为•circumstance[ˈsə:kəmstəns] n.环境, 条件, 情况境遇, 经济状况•coordinate[kəuˈɔ:dineit] adj.同等的, 并列的n.〈数〉坐标vt.使协调; 使调和•ensure[inˈʃuə] vt.确保, 担保担保获得[避免]•justify[ˈdʒʌstifai] vt.证明…有理; 为…辩护•physical[ˈfizikəl] adj.身体的, 肉体的物质的自然规律的, 按自然法则的自然(界)的物理学的n.身体检查, 体格检查•shift[ʃift] n.转换, 转变轮[换]班轮班工人计谋, 手段切换键vi.快速行进vt. & vi.改变, 变换, 转移, 移动去掉; 摆脱掉换挡•comment[ˈkɔment] n.评论, 意见, 解释, 批评vt. & vi.评论; 谈论•core[kɔ:] n.果核核心, 精髓, 要点•exclude[iksˈklu:d] vt.排除; 不包括在内•layer[ˈleiə] n.层, 层次•proportion[prəˈpɔ:ʃən] n.均衡; 相称, 协调一物与他物在数量、大小等方面的关系;比例部分; 份儿•specify[ˈspesifai] vt.详述指定•compensate[ˈkɔmpenseit] vt. & vi.补偿, 报酬•corporate[ˈkɔ:pərit] adj.社团的, 法人的•framework[ˈfreimwə:k] n.构架; 结构•link[liŋk] n.环, 联系, 纽带vt. & vi.连接, 联系•publish[ˈpʌbliʃ] vt. & vi.出版公布•sufficient[səˈfiʃənt] adj.足够的; 充足的•component[kəmˈpəunənt] n.成分, 组成部分, 部件, 元件•correspond[ˌkɔrisˈpɔnd] vi.相符合, 相一致相当, 相类似通信•fund[fʌnd] n.基金, 专款现款; 资金储备, 蕴藏vt.为…提供资金, 给…拨款•locate[ləuˈkeit] vt.找出, 指出(地点或位置) vt. & vi.(在…)设置, 坐落于•react[riˈækt] vi.起反应; 有影响反对; 对抗•task[tɑ:sk] n.工作; 任务; 差事•consent[kənˈsent] n.准许, 同意, 赞成vi.同意; 赞成•criteria[kraɪˈtɪərɪə] n.标准•illustrate[ˈiləstreit] vt.给…加插图说明, 阐明; 表明•maximise[ˈmæksimaiz] vt.使(某事物)增至最大限度最大限度地利用(某事物)•register[ˈredʒistə] n.登记(表), 注册(簿)记录器暖气, 调风器vt. & vi.记录; 登记; 注册显出注意到, 记住•technical[ˈteknikəl] adj.技术的; 应用科学的艺术的, 工艺的(指书等)要求有专门知识的, 使用术语的, 专业的•considerable[kənˈsidərəbl] adj.相当大(或多)的•deduce[diˈdju:s] vt.推论, 演绎•immigrate[ˈimiɡreit] vi.移入•minor[ˈmainə] adj.较小的, 较少的, 低级的, 次要的n.未成年人副修科目•rely[riˈlai] vi.信任; 信赖; 依赖, 依靠•technique[tekˈni:k] n.技巧, 手法, 技术技能•constant[ˈkɔnstənt] adj.始终如一的, 恒久不变的不断的, 连续发生的忠实的, 忠诚的•demonstrate[ˈdemənstreit] vi.举行示威游行(或集会) vt.说明, 演示论证, 证明显示, 表露•imply[imˈplai] vt.暗示, 暗指必然包含•negate[niˈɡeit] vt.取消, 使无效否定; 否认•remove[riˈmu:v] vi.迁移; 移居vt.移走; 排除开除•technology[tekˈnɔlədʒi] n.科技(总称); 工艺; 应用科学工业技术•constrain[kənˈstrein] vt.强迫, 强使; 限制, 约束•document[ˈdɔkjumənt] n.公文, 文件, 文献vt.证明记录, 记载•initial[iˈniʃəl] adj.最初的, 开头的•outcome[ˈautkʌm] n.结果•scheme[ski:m] n.阴谋, 诡计计划, 方案vt. & vi.策划; 图谋•valid[ˈvælid] adj.正当的, 有充分根据的, 符合逻辑的有效的有法律效力的•contribute[kənˈtribjut] vi.起促成作用vt. & vi.捐献, 捐助, 贡献出撰稿, 投稿•dominate[ˈdɔmineit] vt.耸立于, 俯临vt. & vi.控制, 支配, 统治在…中占首要地位•instance[ˈinstəns] n.例子, 实例•partner[ˈpɑ:tnə] n.伙伴, 同伙, 合伙人, 股东同伴, 搭档配偶, 情人vt.做…的搭档•sequence[ˈsi:kwəns] n.有关联的一组事物, 一连串先后次序, 顺序, 连续•volume[ˈvɔlju:m] n.卷, 册, 书卷体积; 容积, 容量音量, 响度Sublist 4•access[ˈækses] n.通道, 入口接近[取得]…的方法[权利等] vt.存取(计算机文件) •communicate[kəˈmju:nikeit] vi.通讯; 交际, 交流相连; 相通vt. & vi.传达; 表达•error[ˈerə] n.错误过失, 失误•internal[inˈtə:nəl] adj.内部的国内的, 内政的体内的•parallel[ˈpærəlel] adj.(指至少两条线)平行的类似的; 相对应的n.平行线[面]极相似的人[事物]类似(点), 相似(之处)比较纬线, 纬圈vt.与…平行; 与…相当•resolve[riˈzɔlv] vt.(指委员会或集会)表决解决(问题、疑问等)分解, 解析(某物) vt.& vi.决定; 决心•adequate[ˈædikwit] adj.充分的, 足够的适当的, 胜任的•concentrate[ˈkɔnsəntreit] vt.浓缩vt. & vi.专心于; 注意集中, 聚集•ethnic[ˈeθnik] adj.种族的, 部落的某文化群体的•investigate[inˈvestiɡeit] vt.调查; 审查•parameter[pəˈræmitə] n.(限定性的)因素, 特性, 界限〈物〉〈数〉参量, 参数•retain[riˈtein] vt.保持; 保留止住; 容纳•annual[ˈænjuəl] adj.每年的, 年度的, 一年一次的n.一年生植物年刊, 年报, 年鉴•confer[kənˈfə:] vi.〈拉〉商谈, 商议vt.授予, 赋予•goal[ɡəul] n.球门进球得的分努力的对象, 目标•job[dʒɔb] n.职业, 职位(一件)工作职责, 责任•phase[feiz] n.阶段, 时期(月亮、行星的)位相vt.分阶段计划[安排]•series[ˈsiəri:z] n.连续的同类事物, 系列串联•apparent[əˈpærənt] adj.显然的, 明白的, 清晰可见的表面上的, 貌似(真实)的•contrast[ˈkɔntræst] n.对比, 对照差异, 差别对照物, 明显的对比物vt. & vi.对比, 对照•grant[ɡrɑ:nt] n.补助金, 助学金, 津贴vt.准许; 答应给予承认•label[ˈleibəl] n.标签, 标记称号; 符号; 标示vt.贴标签于把…列为•predict[priˈdikt] vt. & vi.预言; 预测; 预示•statistic[stəˈtistik] adj.统计的,统计学的n.统计量•approximate[əˈprɔksimit] adj.近似的, 大约的vt. & vi.近似, 接近•cycle[ˈsaikl] n.循环, 周期自行车, 摩托车vi.骑自行[摩托]车•hence[hens] adv.从此时起, 从此处因此, 所以•mechanism[ˈmekənizəm] n.机械装置构造, 机制办法, 技巧, 途径•principal[ˈprinsəpəl] adj.最重要的; 主要的n.负责人, 校长资本, 本金被代理人, 委托人•status[ˈsteitəs] n.身份, 地位情形, 状况•attitude[ˈætitju:d] n.态度, 看法姿态, 姿势•debate[diˈbeit] n.讨论, 辩论vt. & vi.辩论, 争论•hypothesis[haiˈpɔθisis] n.假说, 假设, 前提•obvious[ˈɔbviəs] adj.明显的; 显而易见的•prior[ˈpraiə] adj.优先的; 在前的; 较早的•stress[stres] n.压力, 紧张强调, 重要性重力重音vt.重读强调•attribute[əˈtribju:t] n.属性, 特性vt.认为…是; 归因于…认为某作品出自某人之手认为某事[物]属于某人[物]•despite[disˈpait] prep.不管, 尽管•implement[ˈimplimənt] n.工具, 器具, 用具vt.使生效, 贯彻, 执行•occupy[ˈɔkjupai] vt.占领; 占有使从事; 使忙于•professional[prəˈfeʃənəl] adj.职业的, 专业的内行的, 有经验的有意的, 故意的n.具有某专业资格的人, 专业人士内行, 专家专门职业者, 职业选手•subsequent[ˈsʌbsikwənt] adj.随后的, 继…之后的•civil[ˈsivl] adj.公民的, 平民的; 非军职的, 非宗教的; 国民间的, 民用的民事的, 民法的文明的, 有教养的•dimension[diˈmenʃən] n.尺寸, 度量方面, 部分规模, 程度•implicate[ˈimplikeit] vt.牵连, 涉及•option[ˈɔpʃən] n.选择(的自由)可选择的办法附件, 配件买卖选择权, 期权•project[prəˈdʒekt] n.项目, 计划, 方案, 课题vt.规划抛; 投; 射vt. & vi.伸出, 突出; 表达特点•sum[sʌm] n.总数, 总和金额算术vt. & vi.合计总结, 归纳•code[kəud] n.法典, 法规, 章程密码, 电码代号, 编码vt.将…译成电码•domestic[dəˈmestik] adj.本国的, 国内的家庭的, 家用的驯养的•impose[imˈpəuz] vi.利用, 占便宜; 欺骗vt.强迫, 强加课税, 惩罚•output[ˈautput] n.产量输出, 输出功率•promote[prəˈməut] vt.提升, 提拔筹划, 发起, 创立推销〈正〉促进; 推动; 增进•summary[ˈsʌməri] adj.即刻的, 立即的匆忙的, 草率的概括的; 简要的n.摘要, 概要•commit[kəˈmit] vt.犯罪; 犯错承诺; 使自己受约束托付; 交付•emerge[iˈmə:dʒ] vi.出现; 显出; 暴露•integrate[ˈintiɡreit] vt.使结合成为整体vt. & vi.(使)融入•overall[ˈəuvərɔ:l] adj.总体的; 全面的; 综合的全面考虑的adv.大体上, 总的来说一切包括在内, 全部的n.长罩衣工装裤; 工作裤•regime[reiˈʒi:m] n.政治制度, 政权, 政体•undertake[ˌʌndəˈteik] vt.担任, 承揽; 保证着手, 开始Sublist 5•academy[əˈkædəmi] n.专科学校研究院, 学会•consult[kənˈsʌlt] vt.请教, 咨询; 找(医生)诊治翻阅, 查阅顾及, 考虑vt. & vi.商议, 商量•evolve[iˈvɔlv] vt. & vi.演变; 进化•licence[ˈlaisəns] n.许可证, 执照许可, 特许放纵, 放肆•orient[ˈɔ:riənt] n.东方, 亚洲vt.使熟悉, 使适应使朝向; 使确定位置•style[stail] n.风格, 格调; 文体行为方式, 作风种类, 类型; 流行式样; 款式风度;格调; 气派•adjust[əˈdʒʌst] vt. & vi.(改变…以)适应; 调整; 校正•contact[ˈkɔntækt] n.接触联系, 联络, 交往社会关系, 熟人, 门路触点, 接头vt. & vi.联系•expand[iksˈpænd] vt. & vi.使…变大, 扩大, 扩张伸展, 伸开, 张开, 展开•logic[ˈlɔdʒik] n.逻辑(学), 逻辑性推理方法合理的想法•perspective[pəˈspektiv] n.远景, 景前途; 希望透视透视图观点, 想法•substitute[ˈsʌbstitju:t] vt. & vi.代替, 替换, 代用•alter[ˈɔ:ltə] vt. & vi.改变, 更改•decline[diˈklain] n.下降, 减少, 衰退vi.(太阳)落下vt. & vi.辞谢; 谢绝(邀请等)•expose[iksˈpəuz] vt.曝光暴露; 显露揭露, 袒露•margin[ˈmɑ:dʒin] n.页边空白边, 边缘差数, 差额; 余地•precise[priˈsais] adj.精确的, 准确的恰好的; 正是的周密的, 细密的, 精细的•sustain[səˈstein] vt.承受, 支撑维持长期保持; 使继续经受, 遭受•amend[əˈmend] vt. & vi.改良; 修改, 修订•discrete[disˈkri:t] adj.分离的, 不相关联的•external[eksˈtə:nl] adj.外面的, 外部的外观的, 表面的外国的•medical[ˈmedikəl] adj.医学的, 医疗的, 医术的内科的•prime[praim] adj.首要的; 主要的; 基本的最好的, 第一流的n.全盛时期vt.使准备好, 使完成准备工作事先指导, 事先向…提供情况•symbol[ˈsimbəl] n.象征, 标志符号, 记号•aware[əˈwɛə] adj.意识到的, 知道的•draft[drɑ:ft] n.草稿, 草案, 草图汇票应召入伍者; 特遣队vt.起草, 画草图, 草拟选派, 抽调征募, 征召…入伍•facilitate[fəˈsiliteit] vt.使便利, 减轻…的困难•mental[ˈmentl] adj.精神的, 头脑的, 心理的, 智力的精神病的•psychology[saiˈkɔlədʒi] n.心理学心理; 心理特点•target[ˈtɑ:ɡit] n.(射击的)靶子(欲达到的)目[指]标(服务的)对象; (攻击的)对象vt.瞄准某物•capacity[kəˈpæsiti] n.容量, 容积才能, 能力身份, 职位•enable[iˈneibl] vt.使能够; 提供做…的权利[措施]使可能•fundamental[ˌfʌndəˈmentəl] adj.基本的; 重要的, 必要的n.基本原则, 基本法则•modify[ˈmɔdifai] vt.修饰vt. & vi.修改, 更改•pursue[pəˈsju:] vt.追捕, 追击追求继续; 从事, 经营•transit[ˈtrænsit] n.搬运; 载运; 运输•challenge[ˈtʃælindʒ] n.挑战, 邀请比赛怀疑, 质问艰巨的任务vt.挑战质疑考验•energy[ˈenədʒi] n.活力, 干劲, 能力精力〈物〉能, 能量, 能源•generate[ˈdʒenəreit] vt.生成, 产生引起, 导致•monitor[ˈmɔnitə] n.监视器, 监听器; 检测器(学校)班长; 纠察员vt.监听, 监视监测, 检测•ratio[ˈreiʃiəu] n.比, 比率•trend[trend] n.趋势, 倾向流行•clause[klɔ:z] n.从句(法律文件等的)条款•enforce[inˈfɔ:s] vt.实施, 执行强迫, 迫使•generation[ˌdʒenəˈreiʃən] n.同时代的人, 一代人, 一代产生, 发生•network[ˈnetwə:k] n.网状物(电视与计算机)网络, 网状系统广播网, 电视网•reject[riˈdʒekt] n.被拒货品, 不合格产品vt.拒绝, 谢绝; 驳回舍弃, 排斥, 退掉•version[ˈvə:ʃən] n.(个人对事件的)描述, 说法, 看法版本, 形式译本, 剧本•compound[ˈkɔmpaund] n.复合物, 化合物(筑有围墙的)院子, (围起来的)场地vt.使混合, 使合成使严重; 使恶化•entity[ˈentiti] n.实体, 独立存在体, 实际存在物•image[ˈimidʒ] n.形象, 概念镜像, 影像, 图像印象酷似的人[物], 翻版比喻, 引喻, 明喻外形, 外表, 模样•notion[ˈnəuʃən] n.概念, 观念, 看法突然的念头, 奇想; 意图, 打算•revenue[ˈrevənju:] n.收入, 收益; 财政收入, 税收•welfare[ˈwelfɛə] n.健康, 幸福, 繁荣福利〈美〉政府的福利(制度)•conflict[ˈkɔnflikt] n.战斗, 斗争冲突, 抵触, 争论vi.抵触, 冲突•equivalent[iˈkwivələnt] adj.相等的, 相当的•liberal[ˈlibərəl] adj.心胸宽阔的, 无偏见的慷慨的, 大方的开放的; 主张变革的自由的, 不拘一格的n.宽容大度的人自由主义者•objective[əbˈdʒektiv] adj.客观的; 不带偏见的n.目标; 目的•stable[ˈsteibl] adj.稳定的; 安定的沉稳[持重]的•whereas[hwɛərˈæz] conj.但是, 而Sublist 6•abstract[ˈæbstrækt] adj.抽象的抽象派的n.抽象, 抽象概念, 抽象性抽象派艺术作品摘要, 梗概vt.提取, 抽取做…的摘要•capable[ˈkeipəbl] adj.有能力的, 有技能的•exceed[ikˈsi:d] vi.(在数量、质量上)突出, 领先vt.超过; 超越•incidence[ˈinsidəns] n.发生率, 影响范围•migrate[maiˈɡreit] vi.迁移; 移往•recover[riˈkʌvə] vi.恢复健康(体力、能力等) vt.恢复; 重新获得, 找回〈正〉恢复(适当的状态或位置)•accurate[ˈækjurit] adj.精确的, 准确的正确无误的•cite[sait] vt.引用, 举例表彰, 嘉奖传唤, 传讯•expert[ˈekspə:t] adj.专家的, 内行的, 熟练的n.专家, 能手•incorporate[inˈkɔ:pəreit] vt.包含, 加上, 吸收把…合并, 使并入组成公司•minimum[ˈminiməm] adj.最低的, 最小的n.最低限度, 最小量•reveal[riˈvi:l] vt.显示; 露出泄露; 透露•acknowledge[əkˈnɔlidʒ] vt.承认, 供认告知已收到鸣谢, 感谢•cooperate[kəuˈɔpəreit] vi.合作; 配合, 协助•explicit[iksˈplisit] adj.详述的, 明确的, 明晰的直言的, 毫不隐瞒的, 露骨的•index[ˈindeks] n.索引标志, 象征; 量度(物价或工资的)指数〈数〉指数, 幂vt.给…编索引, 指示出•ministry[ˈministri] n.(政府的)部•scope[skəup] n.余地, 机会(处理、研究事务的)范围•aggregate[ˈæɡriɡit] n.〈正〉数, 总计vt.总计达…vt. & vi.(使)聚集•discriminate[disˈkrimineit] vi.歧视, 有差别地对待vt. & vi.分别, 辨别, 区分•federal[ˈfedərəl] adj.联邦(制)的联邦政府的•inhibit[inˈhibit] vt.阻止; 抑制•motive[ˈməutiv] n.动机, 目的•subsidy[ˈsʌbsidi] n.补贴, 津贴, 补助金•allocate[ˈæləkeit] vt.分配, 分派把…拨给•display[disˈplei] n.陈列, 展览陈列的货物、艺术品等vt.陈列, 展览显示, 显露•fee[fi:] n.费, 酬金•initiate[iˈniʃieit] vt.开始, 着手传授; 使初步了解接纳新成员, 让…加入•neutral[ˈnju:trəl] adj.中立的, 不偏不倚的中立(国家)的暗淡的; 非彩色的(化学中)中性的不带电的n.(汽车或其他机器的)空挡位置中立人士; 中立国•tape[teip] n.带子录音磁带; 录像带vt.用带子捆起来vt. & vi.录音•assign[əˈsain] vt.分配; 交给指派, 选派指定, 订出•diverse[daiˈvəs] adj.不同的, 多种多样的•flexible[ˈfleksəbl] adj.易弯曲的, 柔韧的灵活的, 可变通的•input[ˈinput] n.输入, 投入〈电〉输入端输入的数据vt.把…输入电脑•nevertheless[ˌnevəðəˈles] adv.仍然, 然而, 不过conj.尽管如此, 然而•trace[treis] n.踪迹; 痕迹; 形迹极微的量vt.追踪; 追溯发现; 找到描绘; 标出vt.& vi.缓慢而困难地书写•attach[əˈtætʃ] vt. & vi.贴上; 系; 附上•domain[dəuˈmein] n.范围, 领域版图, 领土地产, 产业•furthermore[ˈfə:ðəˌmɔ:] adv.而且, 此外•instruct[inˈstrʌkt] vt.命令, 指示教, 指导通知•overseas[ˌəuvəˈsi:z] adj.(在)海外的, (在)国外的(向或来自)外国的adv.在[向]海外; 在[向]国外•transform[trænsˈfɔ:m] vt. & vi.改变•author[ˈɔ:θə] n.著作家, 作者创造者, 创始人; 发起人•edit[ˈedit] vt.剪辑(电影、录音磁带、无线电或电视节目、书等) vt. & vi.编辑•gender[ˈdʒendə] n.〈语〉性•intelligent[inˈtelidʒənt] adj.聪明的; 理解力强的•precede[ˌpriˈsi:d] vt. & vi.在…之前, 先于•transport[trænsˈpɔ:t] vt.运送; 流放使万分激动•bond[bɔnd] n.联系, 关系连接, 接合, 结合有息债券合同, 契约, 票据vt.使粘结, 使结合•enhance[inˈhɑ:ns] vt.提高, 增加, 加强•ignorant[ˈiɡnərənt] adj.无知的, 愚昧的•interval[ˈintəvəl] n.间隔时间幕间休息•presume[priˈzju:m] vi.冒昧地做某事; 错用自作主张, 放肆vt.以为; 假定•underlie[ˌʌndəˈlai] vt.位于或存在于(某物)之下构成…的基础(或起因); 引起•brief[bri:f] adj.短暂的, 短时间的简洁的, 简短的n.概要, 摘要vt.向…介绍基本情况, 作…的摘要•estate[isˈteit] n.土地, 地区庄园, 种植园地产, 财产; 遗产•incentive[inˈsentiv] n.激励某人做某事的事物; 刺激; 诱因, 动机•lecture[ˈlektʃə] n.演讲; 讲课冗长的训斥[谴责] vt.责备, 教训, 训斥vt. & vi.(向…)演讲; (给…)讲课•rational[ˈræʃənl] adj.神智清楚的理性的; 理智的; 合理的; 出于理性的•utilize[ˈju:tilaiz] vt.利用, 使用Sublist 7•adapt[əˈdæpt] vt.改编, 改写vt. & vi.(使)适应, (使)适合•contrary[ˈkɔntrəri] adj.相反的, 相违的n.相反, 反面, 对立面•empirical[emˈpirikəl] adj.以观察或实验为依据的•identical[aiˈdentikəl] adj.同一的•phenomenon[fiˈnɔminən] n.现象特殊的人[事物]•submit[səbˈmit] vi.屈服, 认输vt.提交, 呈递〈正〉建议, 主张, 申辩•adult[ˈædʌlt] adj.成熟的成年人的, 适宜于成年人的n.成年的人或动物•convert[kənˈvə:t] vt. & vi.(使)转变, (使)转化皈依, 改变(信仰)•equip[iˈkwip] vt.装备, 配备使有能力, 使胜任•ideology[ˌaidiˈɔlədʒi] n.思想(体系), 思想意识•priority[praiˈɔriti] n.优先权, 重点优先考虑的事•successor[səkˈsesə] n.接替的人或事物, 继任者, 继承人•advocate[ˈædvəkeit] n.提倡者, 拥护者辩护律师, 辩护人vt.提倡, 主张•couple[ˈkʌpl] n.一对, 一双一些, 几个夫妻, 情侣vt.连接, 联结, 联系•extract[iksˈtrækt] n.摘录, 引用提炼物, 浓缩物vt.(费力地)拔出, 抽出提取, 榨出•infer[inˈfə:] vt.推断, 推知•prohibit[prəˈhibit] vt.禁止; 阻止•survive[səˈvaiv] vi.幸存, 活下来vt.比…活得长, 经历…之后还存在•aid[eid] n.帮助, 援助, 救助助手, 辅助物, 辅助手段vt.帮助, 援助•decade[ˈdekeid] n.十年, 十年间•file[fail] n.文件夹, 公文箱卷宗, 文件; 计算机文件纵列vi.排成纵队前进vt.把…归档提交(申请等), 呈递用锉锉•innovate[ˈinəuveit] vi.改革, 创新•publication[ˌpʌbliˈkeiʃən] n.发表, 公布出版, 刊行, 发行出版物, 书刊•thesis[ˈθi:sis] n.论题, 命题, 论点论文, 毕业(或学位)论文•channel[ˈtʃænl] n.海峡通道; 水沟, 水渠渠道, 途径频道•definite[ˈdefinit] adj.明确的, 确切的一定的, 肯定的•finite[ˈfainait] adj.有限的, 有限度的〈语〉限定的•insert[inˈsə:t] n.添入物(尤指一页印刷品图中插入或套印的小图) vt.插入, 嵌入•quote[kwəut] vt.提到…以支持某论点报(价); 开(价) vt. & vi.引用, 援引•topic[ˈtɔpik] n.题目, 论题, 话题•chemical[ˈkemikəl] adj.化学的n.化学药品•deny[diˈnai] vt.否认知情拒绝•foundation[faunˈdeiʃən] n.建立, 设立, 创办基础, 基本原理, 根据地基基金(会) •intervene[ˌɪntəˈvi:n] vi.干涉, 干预; 调解干扰, 阻碍•release[riˈli:s] n.释放, 排放, 解除释放令公映的新影片, 发布的新闻[消息] vt.释放; 放开发布; 发行; 发售•transmit[trænzˈmit] vt.传播, 传染传导vt. & vi.发射, 播送, 广播•classic[ˈklæsik] adj.(著作, 赛事等)最优秀的, (可作)典范的(病例等)典型的, 标准的(衣服, 设计等)传统式样的, 典雅的(因为时已久)著名的; 传统的n.文豪, 大艺术家; 文学名著, 经典作品, 杰作优秀的典范•differentiate[ˌdifəˈrenʃieit] vi.区别对待vt. & vi.区分, 区别, 辨别•globe[ɡləub] n.地球, 世界球体; 球状物地球仪•isolate[ˈaisəleit] vt.使隔离, 使孤立, 使脱离•reverse[riˈvə:s] adj.相反的, 颠倒的, 反向的n.相反钱币的反面[背面]失败, 挫败vt. & vi.(使)反转; (使)颠倒; (使)翻转推翻, 取消使倒退, 逆转•ultimate[ˈʌltimit] adj.最后的, 最终的基本的, 根本的最大的, 极限程度的•comprehensive[ˌkɔmpriˈhensiv] adj.广泛的, 综合的•dispose[disˈpəuz] vt.布置使愿意或准备做vt. & vi.处理; 处置•grade[ɡreid] n.(官阶、质量)等级, 品级, 阶段, 程度〈尤美〉 (考试或作业的)分数, 评分等级〈尤美〉 (学生受测试的)技巧水平(尤指音乐方面)〈美〉年级; (按年级划分的)小学生•media[ˈmi:djə] n.媒体•simulate[ˈsimjuleit] vt.假装模仿, 模拟•unique[ju:ˈni:k] adj.独一无二的, 仅有的, 惟一的异常的, 特有的, 少见的•comprise[kəmˈpraiz] vt.包含, 包括, 由…组成组成, 构成•dynamic[daiˈnæmik] adj.有活力的, 强有力的不断变化的动力的, 动态的•guarantee[ˌɡærənˈti:] n.保证, 保障; 保证书; 保用期担保, 担保人担保品, 抵押品vt.保证; 担保使(事情)可能发生•mode[məud] n.方式, 样式样式, 风格•sole[səul] adj.单独的, 惟一的专有的, 独占的•visible[ˈvizəbl] adj.看得见的, 可见的, 有形的明显的, 可察觉到的•confirm[kənˈfə:m] vt.证实, 证明; 肯定, 确认使巩固, 加强批准; 认可•eliminate[iˈlimineit] vt.消除, 排除忽略淘汰〈口〉干掉•hierarchy[ˈhaiərɑ:ki] n.等级制度统治集团, 领导层•paradigm[ˈpærədaim] n.(一词的)词形变化表范例; 样式; 模范•somewhat[ˈsʌmhwɔt] adv.稍微, 有点, 达到某种程度•voluntary[ˈvɔləntəri] adj.自愿的, 志愿的义务的, 无偿的。

雅思听力807个常用单词

雅思听力807个常用单词

听力807单词雅思听力常用词汇attend vt. 出席, 参加, 照顾, 护理, 注意vi.专心, 留意eventually adv.最后, 终于memorise v.<主英> = memorize 记住, 记忆share n.共享, 参与, 一份, 部分, 份额, 参股vt.分享, 均分, 共有, 分配vi.分享[计] 使DOS支持文件共享和锁定cancel vt.取消, 删去review promptly adv.敏捷地, 迅速地difficult to take down everything space out for saving time space out v.隔开stress n.重压, 逼迫, 压力, 重点, 着重, 强调, 重音vt.着重, 强调, 重读advise vt.劝告, 忠告, 警告, 建approach n.接近, 逼近, 走进, 方法, 步骤, 途径, 通路vt.接近, 动手处理vi.靠近familiar with v.熟悉discuss the seminar 讨论研究会semester 学期confident 自信的, 确信的education system 教育系统assign vt.分配, 指派 v.赋值[计] 将驱动器符重定向至第二个驱动器符choose 选择, 选定injure 损害, 伤害include vt.包括, 包含cause n.原因, 导致某事发生的人或事, 动机, 理由, 根据, 目标, 理想, 事业vt.引起, 惹起, 使(发生), 促成名词Monday 星期一Tuesday 星期二Wednesday 星期三Thursday 星期四Friday 星期五Saturday 星期六Sunday 星期曰January 一月(略作Jan)February 二月(略作Feb)March 三月April 四月(略作Apr)May 五月June 六月(略作Jun)July 七月(略作Jul)August 八月September 九月(略作Sep)October 十月(略作Oct)November 十一月(略作Nov)December 十二月(略作Dec)关于教育term 学期, 期限, 期间, 条款,条件, 术语semester 学期session n.会议, 开庭lecture n.演讲, 讲稿, 谴责, 教训vt.演讲, 训诫, 说教vi.讲演tutorial n.指南course n.过程, 经过, 进程, 方针, 路线, 跑道, 课程, 一道菜v.追猎, 急行, 运行, 流动学业compulsory course 必修课obligatory co 必修课orientation n.方向, 方位, 定位, 倾向性, 向东方summary 摘要, 概要accommodation n.住处, 膳宿,(车, 船, 飞机等的)预定铺位,(眼睛等的)适应性调节, (社会集团间的)迁就融合reception n.接待, 招待会, 接收enrollment 登记, 注册, 入伍,入会, 入学registration n.注册, 报到, 登记breakfast 早餐vi.进早餐lunch .午餐supper 晚餐dinner 正餐, 宴会university (综合)大学institute n.学会, 学院, 协会vt.创立, 开始, 制定, 开始(调查), 提起(诉讼)college (综合大学中的)学院,(独立的)学院, <美>大学, <英>公学, 书院, 高等专科学院, 大学,学会school n.学校, 学院, 学习, 授课, 求学, 全体学生, 学派vt.锻炼, 教育professor 教授, 公开表示信仰的人associate professor 副教授assistant professor 助理教授lecturer 演讲者, 讲师coordinator n.协调者, 同等的人或物counselor n.顾问, 法律顾问adviser n.顾问, <美> (学生的)指导老师tutor n.家庭教师, (大学)指导教师, 助教, 监护人, 辅导教师v.辅导supervisor n.监督人, 管理人, 检查员, 督学, 主管人, [计](网络)超级用户nationality 国籍, 国家, 部落,民族, 民族性administration building 学校行政楼lecture n.演讲, 讲稿, 谴责, 教训vt.演讲, 训诫, 说教vi.讲演culture 文化, 文明local music 本土音乐scientific research 科学研究school facilities学校设施notice board 布告牌library 图书馆, 藏书室, 库pink slip 解雇通知书information desk n.[计]服务台pence n. penny 的复数essay plans ?research papers 研究论文documental adj.公文的, 文件的quiz n.测验, 提问, 恶作剧v.对...进行测验, 盘问, 挖苦sports 有关运动的corporation crime 集团犯罪individual n.个人, 个体adj.个别的, 单独的, 个人的companyoil explosion ?serious result 严重的后果mass media 大众传播媒体,大众传媒, 海量媒体数据academic adj.学院的, 理论的intentionally adv.有意地,故意地aware adj.知道的, 明白的, 意识到的literary theory ?system 系统, 体系, 制度, 体制, 秩序, 规律, 方法astrology n.占星术, 占星学(以观测天象来预卜人间事务的一种方术)astronomy n.天文学关于休闲活动dollar 元, 美元pound n.磅, 英镑, 重击, 鱼塘, 兽栏, 拘留所vt.强烈打击, 捣烂, 监禁, 关入栏vi.连续重击, 连续敲打, 苦干pence penny 的复数snacks n.小吃, 快餐, 一份v.吃快餐(小吃)drinks n.饮料, 酒, 酗酒, 一口(或一些)饮料v.喝, 喝酒, (植物、土壤等的)吸水, 举杯庆贺music 音乐, 乐曲games [计] 游戏decoration n.装饰, 装饰品map n.地图, 图v.绘制地图transportation 运输, 运送地点common room 公共休息室classroom 教室telescope n.望远镜v.压缩location 地点café ?department store 百货公司restaurant 餐馆, 饭店criminal n.罪犯, 犯罪者adj.犯罪的, 犯法的, 罪恶的thief 小偷, 贼case n.事, 病例, 案例, 情形,场合, 讼案, 容器, (语法)格witness n.[律]证人, 目击者, 证据, 证明, 证词vt.目击, 为...作证, 证明, 表明vi.作证, 成为证据street 街, 街道avenue 林荫道, 大街, 方法, 途径, 路boulevard n.<美>林荫大道road 路, 道路, 公路, 大道upset vt.颠覆, 推翻, 扰乱, 使不适, 使心烦vi.翻倒, 倾覆n.翻倒, 混乱purse 钱包door-key 门锁匙feature 人物特征appearance n.出现, 露面, 外貌, 外观hair color 头发颜色scar n.伤痕,疤痕v.结疤,使留下伤痕,创伤curly adj.卷曲的, 卷毛的, 弯曲的, (木材)有皱状纹理的slim adj.苗条的, 纤细的, 不足取的, 无价值的, 细长的v.变细,减肥distinguishing feature 特点, 特征chins n.下巴, 下颚wings n.飞行章, 女童军戴的一种翼形章helicopter n.直升(飞)机, 直升机wing design 机翼设计?solution n.解答, 解决办法, 溶解, 溶液解决方案New Zealand 新西兰(太平洋南部岛国)Australia 澳洲, 澳大利亚United States 美国South Africa 南非(非洲南部的一个国家)previous data 先前的数据?wind tunnel n.风洞engine n.发动机, 机车, 火车头efficiency n.效率, 功效plant .植物, 庄稼, 工厂, 车间,设备vt.种植, 栽培, 培养, 安置vi.种植function n.官能, 功能, 作用, 职责, 典礼, 仪式, [数]函数vi.(器官等)活动, 运行, 行使职责dampness n.潮湿, 湿气environment 环境, 外界advantages 优势, 有利条件, 利益disadvantages 不利, 不利条件,缺点, 劣势temperature 温度university resources ?cassettes n.盒子, 盒式磁带videos 电视, 录象, 视频book in advance ?record n.履历, 档案, 诉状, 最高纪录, 报告, 唱片vt.记录, 标明, 将...录音vi.录音, 被录音adj.创纪录的data datum的复数, [计] 资料, 数据Wind Design ?Sydney 悉尼[雪梨](澳大利亚东南部港市,新南威尔士州首府) similar experiments 相似的实验benefits n.利益, 好处vt.有益于, 有助于vi.受益reduce 减少, 缩小, 简化, 还原windy 有风的, 刮风的, 多风的, 风强的, 腹胀的, 吹牛的maintain humidity 保湿less dangerous 没那么危险的centigrade. 分为百度的, 百分度的,摄氏温度的low noise frequency 低噪音频率evaporates water. 使水蒸发掉factors for 对于~~~的因素tree evaporation 树木水份的蒸发sunlight 日光, 阳光, 日照water 水, 雨水, 海水, 水位, 水面, 流体vt.喷淋, 供以水, 注入水, 使湿vi.流泪, 加水adj.水的, 水上的, 水生的, 含水的new surroundings 新环境distant deadline 遥远的最终限期impression n.印象, 感想, 盖印, 压痕library building 图书馆frequency n.频率, 周率, 发生次数living condition 生活状况weekends 在每个周末special n.特派员, 专车, 专刊adj.特别的, 特殊的, 专门的, 专用的report 报告, 传说, 谣言, 声誉, 名声, 爆炸声v.报导, 汇报, 报到, 告发price 价格, 价钱, 代价vt. 给...定价, 问...的价格, 标明价格lecture 演讲, 讲稿, 谴责, 教vt.演讲, 训诫, 说教vi.讲演adult n.成人, 成年人adj.成人的,成熟的children 孩子, 孩子们touch table ?blind adj.瞎的, 盲目的vt.使失明, 缺乏眼光或判断力visitors 访问者, 来宾, 游客expensive 花费的, 昂贵的restaurantrare adj.稀罕的, 杰出的, 珍贵的, (肉类)半熟的adv.非常lions 狮子, (剽悍的人)社交场合的名流condition n.条件, 情形, 环境,社会地位vt.以...为条件, 使达到要求的情况animals 动物design n.设计, 图案, 花样, 企图, 图谋, (小说等的)构思, 纲要v.设计, 计划, 谋划, 构思interview vt.接见, 会见n.接见,会见medicine n.药, 医学, 内科学,内服药vt.给...用药language 语言, 语言文学, 术语psychology n.心理学, 心理状态parents’ wishes 父母的期望high score in school 在学校有高学分friends 朋友, 赞助者, 助手rules n.规则, 惯例, 统治, 章程,破折号, 准则, 标准, 控制vt.规定, 统治, 支配, 裁决vi.统治,管辖, 裁定n.规则, 水线century 世纪, 百年, 百个, 板球中的一百分, 百元(钞票)Intervention n.干涉royal commission (英国)皇家专门调查委员会monopoly of education 教育垄断Scientists 科学家Prime Ministers 总理, 首相public n.公众, (特定的)人群, 公共场所adj.公众的, 公共的, 公立的, 公用的private 私人的, 私有的, 私营的, 秘密的standard 旗, 军旗, 标准, 规格,本位adj.标准的, 权威, 第一流的Booklist (某个题目或学科的)推荐书目, 书单Faculty-based ?funny 有趣的, 好笑的, 滑稽的,奇异的, 古怪的n.滑稽人物intelligent 聪明的, 伶俐的, 有才智的, [计]智能的video project 录象投映fields system ?commuter n.通勤者, 经常往返者financial advices 财政咨询instrument n.工具, 手段, 器械, 器具, 手段second-hand 二手的student union (大学的)学生活动大楼,学生会occupation n.职业, 占有, 占有(房屋等)期间director 主任, 主管, 导演, (机关)首长, (团体)理事, (公司)董事,指挥仪, 控制器photographer 摄影师n.摄影师interviewer 会见者interviewee n.被接见者, 被访问者quality 质量, 品质, 性质reform n.改革, 改善, 改良运动, 感化vt.改革, 革新, 重新组成vi.革新, 改过, 重组Greece 希腊Britain 英国teacher 教师Russia 俄国, 俄罗斯, 苏联blond hair 金发intelligent 聪明的, 伶俐的, 有才智的, [计]智能的reporters 记者, 通讯员railway worker 跌路工人beautiful 美丽的, 很好的equipment 装备, 设备, 器材, 装置Title n.头衔, 名称, 标题, 冠军, 资格, 字幕, 权利, 扉页vt.赋予头衔, 加标题于adj.标题的, 用作书名的Designer 阴谋家,设计家,制图师 writer 作者, 作家, 复写器overhead view 俯视college close-up close-up n.特写镜头, 从近处仔细的观察, 小传Interviewee: teacherclear & informative ?coffee break 外国人在工作中喝咖啡休息时间?kindergarten 幼儿园PARKING 停车LECTURE ROOMS ?home-stay 在国外住在房东家里的那种Surname 姓v.用姓称呼Passport .护照personal consulting 个人顾问available time 有效时间, 有用时间,可利用时间work systematically systematicall y adv.系统地, 有系统地extensive writing ?good results 好的结果/成绩practical materials ?focus on 集中leisure time 休闲时间Advanced English Study ?non-smoker 不吸烟者non-drinker 不渴洒者pet n.宠物, 受宠爱的人, 不悦adj.宠爱的, 亲昵的vt.宠爱vi.拥抱, 爱抚, 生气, 发脾气favorite food 最喜欢的食物sea food 海产食物, 海鲜tennis n.网球运动adj.网球的,用于网球运动的vi.打网球preferred transportation 首选的运输方式(train) 火车, 列车, 行列, 后果,顺序, 长队, 长袍(裙)拖地的部分, 导火线vt.训练, 培养, 瞄准,(园艺)整枝vi.锻炼V isa n.签证vt.签准维萨信用卡currency form 货币形式?embassy 大使及其随员, 大使的派遣, 大使馆transportation card ?Student ID Card 学生身份证International Student Card 国际学生证passport photos 护照大小的相片accepted currency 认可的货币Australian dollars and Y en 澳元跟日圆?a survey n.测量, 调查, 俯瞰, 概观, 纵览, 视察vt.调查(收入,民意等) 测量, 勘定, 审视, 视察, 俯瞰, 通盘考虑vi.测量土地Occupation 职业cashier 出纳员big department store 大的百货商场jeans 斜纹布裤, 牛仔裤books, 书, 书籍sportswear 运动装, 休闲活动穿着的衣服trousers 裤子, 长裤STATIONERY n.文具, 信纸Goal 目的, 目标, 守门员, 球门,(球赛等的)得分Intention n.意图, 目的Efficiently adv.有效率地, 有效地Consultation n.请教, 咨询, 磋商, [医]会诊Financial source 财源, 资金来源Radio station 广播站campus radio station校园广播站student fund 学生基金participate vi.参与, 参加, 分享, 分担Partner 合伙人, 股东, 舞伴, 伴侣professor教授和teacher 老师ground floor 第一层cost n.成本, 价钱, 代价vt.价值为, (使)花费(金钱,时间,劳力等),使失去(生命,健康等), 令人付出vi.花费overseas student 外国学生reading ability 阅读能力vacation n.假期, 休假, (房屋等的)腾出v.<美>度假, 休假part time job 兼职English language system 英语语言系统Tax 税Castle 城堡common houses ?advertisement n.广告, 做广告donation n.捐赠品, 捐款, 贡献topic 话题, 主题conference n.会议, 讨论会, 协商会assignment n.分配, 委派, 任务, (课外)作业volunteer n.志愿者, 志愿兵adj.志愿的, 义务的, 无偿的v.自愿various不同的, 各种各样的, 多方面的, 多样的varied 杂色的, 各式各样的unusual 不平常的, 与众不同的,不寻常的pop music 流行音乐current affairs 时事, 新闻phone-in 〈广播、电视〉听众热线电话直播节目local news 当地新闻time table 时间表schedule n.时间表, 进度表v.确定时间the title 标题seafood restaurant 海洋餐馆passage 通过, 经过, 通道, 通路, (一)段, (一)节aisle n.走廊, 过道corridor 走廊lift n.举起, 电梯, 起重机, 搭车vt.升高, 提高, 举起, 空运vi.升起, (指雾等)消散, 耸立cocktail n.鸡尾酒, (第一道用杯盛的)开味食品adj.鸡尾酒的receptionist n.招待员, 传达员delegate fee ?guest n.客人, 来宾, 旅客vt.招待, 款待vi.作客, 寄宿steak n.(供煎, 烤等的)肉, 鱼, 肉片, 鱼片, 肉排, 牛排fish n.鱼, 鱼肉, 鱼类, 接合板vt.钓, 钓鱼, 查出, 用接合板连接vi.捕鱼, 钓鱼, 用钩捞取, 间接探听, 拉摸索寻找barbecue n.吃烤烧肉的野餐seminar 研究会, 讨论发表会campus life 校园生活home country 家乡archaeology n.考古学tribute n.贡品, 礼物, 颂词, 殷勤, 贡物goods 货物, <美俚>工具historian n.历史学家, 史家rapid population 快速增长的人口cultivate vt.培养, 耕作evidence 明显, 显著, 明白, 迹象, 根据, [物]证据, 证物stores and temples ?imported n.进口货(常用复数), 进口, 输入, 意思, 重要性vt.输入, 进口, 含...的意思, 重要, 引入vi.有关系, 有重要性rich-colored 色彩丰富的pottery n.陶器, 陶器场marketing system 销售系统exchange in craft goods 工艺货物的交易noble houses 贵族房common residents 普通居民?precious stones. 宝石expiry n.满期, 呼气, 终了, 终结injection n.注射, 注射剂, (毛细血管等的)充血, (人造卫星, 宇宙飞船等的)射入轨道Y ellow Fever 黄热病mosquito net 蚊帐walking boots ?comfortable shoes 合穿的鞋子checks 支票in US Dollarscredit card 信用卡, 签帐卡present n.赠品, 礼物, 现在, 瞄准adj.现在的, 出席的, 当面的vt.介绍, 引见, 给, 赠送, 上演,提出, 呈现vi.举枪瞄准plastics n.整形外科, 外科修补术chemist’s n.化学家, 药剂师Silent Island 孤岛Rain Forest 雨林coffee shop 咖啡店(=coffee house)waste of time 浪费时间notes n.笔记, 短信, (外交)照会,注解, 注释, 票据, 纸币, 音vt.注意, 记录, 笔记stress n.重压, 逼迫, 压力, 重点,着重, 强调, 重音vt.着重, 强调,重读pressure 压, 压力, 电压, 压迫,强制, 紧迫unsociable adj.不爱交际的influenced n.影响, 感化, 势力, 有影响的人(或事), (电磁)感应vt.影响, 改变business 商业, 买卖, 交易, 生意, 事情, 事物, 营业, 商行local food 当地食品interest-free 免利息long term loan 长期贷款furniture 家具, 设备, 储藏物refreshment n.点心, 饮料, 精力恢复, 爽快career n.(原意:道路, 轨道)事业,生涯, 速度increase rate 上升/增加率inflation rate 通货膨胀率deflation rate 通货紧缩率deflation n.放气, 缩小, 通货紧缩, 物价低廉(尤指成本不降低时的反常情形)therapy n.治疗therapy method 治疗方法psychological patient 心理病人examine the record 检查档案/记录in clinical circle 以临床循环模式diploma n.文凭, 毕业证书, 证明权力、特权、荣誉等的证书, 奖状Master’s Degree 硕士学位presentation n.介绍, 陈述, 赠送, 表达heart disease 心脏病roommates n.同屋者, 室友disturbance n.骚动, 动乱, 打扰, 干扰, 骚乱, 搅动moustache n.小胡子, (哺乳动物的)触须moustache [简明英汉词典]dark hair 黑发beard 胡须light colored hair ?bathroom 浴室, 盥洗室diary 日记daughter 女儿traffic jam 塞车, 交通拥塞ambitions 野心, 雄心law n.法律, 诉讼, 法学, 法治,司法界, 规律v.对...起诉, 控告abbr.[军] Light Anti-Tank Weapon,轻型反坦克武器reform the reform n.改革, 改善, 改良运动, 感化vt.改革, 革新, 重新组成vi.革新, 改过, 重组voting system 投票系统heart rate 心率disordered adj.混乱的, 害了病的, 发狂的maximum n.最大量, 最大限度, 极大adj.最高的, 最多的, 最大极限的beats. n.敲打, 拍子, 巡逻区域v. 打, 打败(心脏跳动)unhealthy diet 不健康的饮食festival 节日concert 音乐会, 一致picnic n.野餐vi.(去)野餐performance n.履行, 执行, 成绩, 性能, 表演, 演奏louder speakers 扬声器performance time 表演时间date location 约会场所?Drama Theatre 戏剧,院,Town Hall 市政厅Harbour n.(=harbor) 海港(chest) infection n.[医] 传染, 传染病, 影响, 感染prescribed v.指示, 规定, 处(方), 开(药)antibiotics n.抗生素, 抗生学Spoon n.匙, 调羹, 勺子remarks n.备注, 评论, 注意, 注释vt.评论, 注意, 谈及vi.谈论side effects 负作用penicillin n.[微]青霉素(一种抗菌素,音译名为盘尼西林)before meals 饭前cough medicine 止.咳药drowsiness n.睡意tutor about their presentations Presentation n.介绍, 陈述, 赠送, 表达confident 自信的, 确信的unsatisfied 不满意的,未得到满足的sense of relief. ?sense of satisfaction. 满足感consulted v.商量, 商议, 请教, 参考, 考虑reference books 参考书lack of vocabulary 欠缺词汇reading speed 阅读速度environmental study adj.周围的, 环境的n.环境论public health .1.公共卫生 2.公共卫生设施engineering 工程(学)reading strategy 阅读策略migration n.移民, 移植, 移往, 移动tones found existing in Chinese?the initial migration 最初的移民lock windows 锁窗户Address n.地址, 致辞, 演讲,说话的技巧vt.向...致辞, 演说,写姓名地址, 从事, 忙于empty for ?clean woman ?rent v.租, 租借, 出租n.租金water heater 热水器fridge 电冰箱midnight 午夜details 详细资料landlady 女房东, 女地主, (旅馆等的)老板娘research and education 研究与教育forest area 森林区market garden 商品菜园purpose 目的, 意图,period n.时期, 学时, 节, 句点,周期, (妇女的)经期adj.过去某段时期的int.没有了species n.种类, (原)核素n.[律]式样n.[宗]圣餐物rare animal 稀有动物goats, horses, hens goat n.山羊, <俚>色鬼, <美俚>替罪羊demonstration of fishing Demonstration n.示范, 实证Soft drinks 软饮料books about animals 关于动物的书soft toys ?variety of food 食品的种类varietyn.变化, 多样性, 种种, 品种, 种类survey research 调查研究London 伦敦University Pres大学出版社[部]Subjects n.题目, 主题, 科目,学科, 国民, [语法]主语adj.受他国统治的, 未独立的, 受制于...的, 受...影响的, 以...为条件的vt.使屈从于...,使隶属sun report ?home、bone、grandGrand adj.盛大的, 豪华的, 重大的, 主要的, 极重要的the tribe n.部落, 部族painting n.上油漆, 着色, 绘画,油画v.描绘temple walls ?bones 骨骼, 尸体women and children 妇女与孩子female 女性corpse n.尸体teeth, fingers, bonesbig toe TOE n.趾, 脚趾, 足尖vt.以趾踏触, 用脚尖走vi.动脚尖abbr.[军] Tables of Organization and Equipment, 编制及装备表small stones 舰上人员的自费零星用品research time 研究时间Mills bomb 蛋形手榴弹Mill n.压榨机, 磨坊, 磨粉机,工厂, 制造厂vt.碾磨, 磨细, 搅拌, 使乱转, 打vi.乱转, 被碾磨teeth 牙齿decay vi.腐朽, 腐烂, 衰减, 衰退n.腐朽, 腐烂, 衰减, 衰退v.衰落sugar 糖, 食糖cold drink 冷饮coffee 咖啡。

雅思阅读必背词汇带翻译

雅思阅读必背词汇带翻译

雅思阅读必背词汇带翻译雅思阅读必背词汇suit v.适合 n.一套衣服suitable adj.适当的, 相配suitcase n.手提箱, 衣箱person n.人, 身体personal adj.私人的, 个人的personalize v.使成私人的, 人格化personality n.个性, 人格personnel n.人员, 职员accommodate vt.供应, 供给, 容纳accommodation n.住处, 膳宿economy n.经济, 节约economic adj.经济(上)的economical adj.节约的economist n.经济学者, 经济家economics n.经济学alter v.改变alternative n.二中择一, 可供选择的办法, 事物 adj.选择性的, 二中择一的alternate adj.交替的, 轮流的 v.交替, 轮流, 改变雅思阅读实用词汇effect n.效果, 作用, 影响effective adj.有效的effectiveness n.效力effort n.努力, 成就affect vt.影响, 感动affection n. 影响, 爱情,affective adj.情感的affecting adj.感人的, 动人的efficient adj.(直接)生效的, 有效率的efficiency n.效率, 功效sufficient adj.充分的,足够的insufficient adj.不足的,不够的experiment n.实验, 试验 vi.进行实验, 做试验experimental adj.实验的experimentation n.实验, 试验, 实验法experimenter n.实验者雅思阅读词汇带翻译approach n.接近, 方法 vt.接近approachability n.可接近previous adj.在前的, 早先的gene n. [遗传]基因genetic adj.遗传的genetics n.遗传学object n.物体, 目标, 宾语, 对象 vi.反对, 拒绝, 抗议objection n.异议,拒绝objective n.目标, 目的 adj.客观的.amount n.数量 vi.(to) 总计, 等于mean adj.低劣的,吝啬的 vt.意谓 n.平均数meaning n.意义, 含意meaningful adj.意味深长的coal n.煤coalmining n.挖煤quality n.质量, 品质, 性质qualify v.(使)具有资格, 证明合格qualification n.资格, 条件qualitative adj.性质上的, 定性的medicine n.药, 医学medical adj.医学的, 内科的medication n.药物治疗, 药物处理, 药物term n.学期,条款,术语termly adj.定期的, 每一期的terminology n.术语学。

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functional writing vocabularyConnectors: contrast vocabularyVariations of “Although”What you will find below are some variations of the word “although” – a word that everyone should be familiar with. As you read the words, make sure you look at the examples and notes too. It is not just a question of learning a list of words, you also need to note the grammar too.Group 1 – in spite of /despite/notwithstandingNotes1.“in spite of” and “despite” have the same meaning and grammar2.“notwithstanding” is used in the same way as “despite” and “in spite of” – it is really quiteformal though3.be careful not to use “despite of” –that is incorrect; also note that “in spite of” is 3 separatewords4.note “despite” and “in spite of” can be used with nouns and -ing forms as well as verb forms:doing this makes use more interesting grammar5.if you use a verb form with these words, you need the “the fact that”Group 2 – while/even though/neverthelessnotes●all these words are used with verb forms – typically they are used at the beginning of thesentence●“even though” has the same grammar as “although”: it is just a little bit stronger● a variation of “even though” is “even if”●“nevertheless” and “nonetheless” are pretty much the same: note the spel ling of them as oneword●“while”can be used to express contrast as well as timeGroup 3 – much as/no matter/asNotes●“much as” is a very strong form of “although” –another variation of it is “however much”●“no matter” is normally followed by “how” and an adjective (“no matter how harmful”)●if you want to use “as” for contrast, you need to an adjective before it (“harmful as it is”)A health warning – the risk/reward ratioYou do need to be a little careful here though. While there is a reward in varying your connecting language, there is also a risk. The problem is many of these have their own particular grammar and the danger is that you will make more errors in using them. I strongly suggest you:●do not simply learn a list of words●look at my notes on how they are used●try the practice exercises at the bottom of the pageProblem vocabulary for IELTS – an introductionWhen you are studying for IELTS, it is sensible to concentrate on language that will be most useful in the test. Here is a suggestion for you: study the language of problems. This is a very important area of language because almost every IELTS essay task will ask you to write about a problem and if you want to get a good band score in lexical resource you will need variety of language for “problems”.What words do you need?This will depend on your target band score but you will need variety in these areas:1.nouns: eg, problem, difficulty, concern, issue2.adjectives: eg, serious, major, minor, significant, insignificant3.verbs: eg, have, experience, deal with, tackle, solve, resolveIf you are aiming for band 7 or above, you will also need to be able to use these words accurately in word combinations (collocations) and it will help to learn some idiomatic phrases such as:1.be a headache for2.address a problem3.face a problemHow can you learn these phrases?There is no one answer to this question but here are one or two suggestions:1.do not try to learn too much at once: if you do, you may become confused2.do not learn words by themselves, learn them in combinations as that is how you need to usethem3.try to use the phrases for yourself by using them to describe problems you know aboute a dictionary to look at examples: examples are often much more useful than definitionsIELTS Vocabulary - ProblemsSynonyms and antonymsNouns Usageproblemdifficulty a fairly close synonym to “problem”:question this is slightly different to problem: it is something people havedifferent opinions aboutissue this is something people argue about/ similar to “question”solution you normally “find” or “come up with” a solutionAdjectivesOne key here is to avoid words such as “big” and “little” and to choose accurate word combinations. Here are some adjective-noun combinationsVer bsCa use an d eff ect –key IEL TS voc ab ula ryAdjectives Examplessignificant A significant problem many countries face is falling birth rates fundamental This is not a minor issue, rather it is a fundamental problem real A very real difficulty in many households is rising fuel bills minor In my view, global warming is only a minor problempressing This is a pressing problem that needs to be dealt with urgently serious Of course, global warming is a serious issue that needs to be addressedcomplex This is a complex issue and there are no easy solutions to it.Verbs Examples Usageaddress The government needs tosimilar to “deal with” and“tackle”address the problem ofunemploymentface How to combine work withan alternative here wouldbe the morehaving children is a problem academic “confronting”facing many womendeal with We need to deal with thea close synonym of “tackle”:itpressing issue of globalincludes the idea that theproblem iswarming difficulttackle It will not be easy t o tacklea close synonym of “dealwith”global warmingexperience Many families are experiencinga more academic way ofsayingdifficulties in paying their rising “have”fuel billspose Rising fuel bills pose a problema good collocation to usewithfor many families problem meaning “make”resolve The best way of r esolving theyou can “solve” a problemor you canproblem of global warming “resolve” a problemwould be to raise taxesThe language of cause and effect is critical to IELTS – both in writing and speaking. The reason this is that it helps answers the question “Why?” and allows you to give an extended and coherent answer. This post gives you some basic variations to try.BecauseObviously the word you will use most is “because” b ut there are some useful variations.notes●“because” , ‘as a result”and “as a consequence” are used with a verb and “because of”,”as aresult of” and “as a consequence of” with a noun●some people believe you shouldn’t start sentences with “because”. This is rubbish but in theexam it may be sensible not to do it●“due to” is normally used with negative situations and“thanks to with “positive situations”Cause verbsA useful variation is to use “because” as a verb. Here are the 3 main variationsnotes1.you cause something to happen but it results in something happeningOther related verbsThese verbs can also sometimes be used to describe cause and effectnotes1.please note the spelling of “a ffect” as a verb and do not confuse it with “e ffect” the noun. Just to confuse you, the pronunciation is identicalNounsThe essential nouns are of course “cause” and “effect’ but there are alternatives here;notes1.you talk about the cause of something but the reason for itIELTS and academic caution vocabularyThe language of academic caution can be used in IELTS to improve the coherence of your writing and speaking. Here are some basic variations:number frequency probability some sometimes maymost usual/usually mightmany/much normally coulda lot of generally/in general likely/likelihoodseveral on the whole possible/possiblya few/a little tend probable/probablyperhaps/maybeGrammatical problemsPlease note this common mistake made with some/many/few/mostsome people correct to talk about people in generalsome of the people correct to talk about a particular group of peoplesome of people incorrectVariations - word familiesTo use these words well, you need to be able to use the different forms of the words. Here are just two examplesPossiblepossible It is possible that the city willpossibly The city could possibly growpossibility Thereʼs a possibility that the city will growProbableprobable It is probable that the city will growprobably The city will probably growprobability The probability is that the city will growVariations - qualifying adverbsIf you want to add further variation to your speaking/writing, consider using adverbs of degree such as “fairly”, “quite” and “rather”; egIt is fairly likely thatIt is quite probable thatIt is rather unlikely thatVariations - some idiomatic expressions for general ideasHere are some more idiomatic expressions to express general ideas. As ever, choose the expressions that mean something to you and practise using them in context. You do not need all these phrases. If you are uncertain about their meaning consult Macmillan Online Dictionarya fair amount of thereʼs a fair amount of unemploymenta good deal Young people tend to watch TV a good dealby and large By and large, people in my country enjoy watchingcricketas a rule As a rule, men tend to do less housework than women nine times out of ten Nine times out of ten Iʼd read a book before ....more often than not More often than not I ask my wife before.... Impersonal vocabulary for academic essaysThe general idea – avoid the personal pronounThe idea is that you don’t use “I” unless you are emphasising the fact that this is your personal opinion.These impersonal phrases can often be replaced by short one or two word alternatives: such as “possibly”. I suggest that you try and use some of these impersonal phrases and some of the plainer alternatives – that way you should get some good variety in your writing.The impersonal ITOne strategy you can think about is using IT phrases to start your sentences when you are about to give an opinion. This has two effects:●it makes what you say sound more intelligent/plausible●it gives you some ready-made English to use that is grammatically complex●you don’t always need to say “Some people say”Here are a few alternatives for you:The impersonal THEREAnother alternative is to use a THERE phrase to be more impersonal. This works for the same reasons as IT does and nearly all these phrases are also for giving opinions:ONE and WEThis one is slightly trickier. Personally, I rarely use either of these structures but some people do. So here are a few:How to practiseLearning phrases is a very efficient way to learn a language. Indeed, we tend not to use words by themselves but groups of words when we speak or write. What you need to do is to experiment and try using these phrases for yourself in your writing. This is what I would suggest:1.look at some of your old discussion essays and find the opinions in them – rewrite thoseopinions with some of these phrases2.look at some sample IELTS essay questions and practise writing YOUR opinions about themusing some of these phrases in one or two sentencesStructure vocabulary for IELTS essaysImpersonal points of viewThese are useful both in the introduction for restating the question and in the main body for introducing the main arguments in an impersonal way.Impersonal points of view - making an impersonal argumentThere are those who say thatIt is often said thatMany commentators are of the view thatA common opinion is thatA popular belief is thatIt is often said thatOne argument put forward is thatIt can be argued thatIt is generally accepted thatPersonal opinionsThese phrases for expressing personal opinions are particularly useful in conclusions, where you are much more likely to be personal. They are also of use in the introductions in opinion based essays.Personal opinionsMy personal view is thatIt seems to me thatI tend to believe thatI am of the opinion thatI would argue thatIn my experienceCommentingA second category of opinion language is showing the strength of your opinion. This language can be used either with personal opinions or more impersonal opinions.CommentingOf course,Naturally,Evidently,Generalising - making your writing look academic and more cautiousPart of the academic process - and IELTS is at least partly academic - is to generalise appropriately. This language is needed to soften statements which would be too strong. Generally speaking,On the whole,......tends.....Typically,By and large......tends.......may/might/could.....Often/frequently/sometimes/usuallyExplaining opinionsSometimes it is sensible to restate an opinion with a further explanation. This is particularly relevant in the main body of an essay when you have introduced a complex point or argument.Explaining opinionsWhat this means isIn other words,That is to sayTo be more preciseIn fact,Using examples to explainThe language of examples is highly relevant in IELTS essays as it allows you to with real life examples abstract ideas. The rubric of the essay almost always includes the words “support
your
arguments
with e xamples a nd
relevant
evidence”.Explaining through examples and introducing evidenceFor example,For instance,A good illustration of this isIf we take an exampleEvidence for this is provided byWe can see this whenExplaining cause and stating effectThe language of cause and effect is another way to expand on your main points. Equally, you can use the language of “reason” to say why.One reason for this isThe immediate cause of thisOne of the causes of this isThis has resulted inAs a result,This has led toConcludingEvidently, this language is needed in the conclusion of the essay.ConcludingTo summariseIn conclusionOn balance,This is a complex issue with no clear answersIf we look at both sides of the argumentLanguage to write about the future in IELTSVerb formverb form examplegoing to The growth of computer technology i s going to leadto higher rates of unemployment.present continuous The Olympic Games are being held in London in2012.present simple When everone has a computer, communication isgoing to be revolutionised.Plans and predictionsgeneral vocabulary exampleplan (verb) The government plan to improve the quality of ITtraining for the non-digital native generation.plan (noun) The government’s plans to improve computerliteracy are vital if this is to succeed.predict (verb) It is predicted that the majority of people will becomputer literate by 2010.prediction (noun) It is not possible to make any firm prediction aboutthe level of computer literacy in the near future. intend (verb) While many people intend to use the functions ofsmart phones, in fact they only ever make phonecalls with them.intention (noun) Despite their best intentions, many people do notuse all the functions of their smart phones.foresee (verb) It is easy to foresee a situation where computersare no longer under our control.general vocabulary exampleTime and conditional wordsforeseeable (verb)It is quite foreseeable that in the future computers will no longer be under human control.Modal verbs of probabilityprobability verb example may Computers may one day become truly independent.might Artificial intelligence in the future might be far moreadvancedcouldIt is possible that in the future we could all have household robots. Other words of probabilityprobable wordsexample possible/possibilityThere is a strong possibility that future generations will no longer read books.probable/probability The probability is that in 20 years’ time, very fewpeople will write letters to each other.likely/likelihood It seems quite likely that education will betransformed by computer technology. time/conditional words exampleif If computers continue to develop at the samepace, then we are likely to become over-reliantonthem. whenThe likelihood is computers will take over our lives, when artificial intelligence improves .time/conditional words exampleonce Once artificial intelligence has improved,computers are probably going to be beyond ourcontrol.as soon as This is going to happen as soon as articialintelligence improves.Future collocationsfuture phrases examplethe near future This is unlikely to happen any time in the nearfuture, but it will take some years,the immediate future While the immediate future may look rosy, longer-terms prospects are less certain.the long-term future Governments need to look to the long-term futurein order to provide for future generations.the foreseeable future The print media may disappear in the foreseeablefuture.the future looks bleak The future of the print media looks bleak in face ofcompetition from the internet.a bright future What is certain is that the IT industry has a brightfuture with appropriate investment.an uncertain future Many traditional industries have a very uncertainfuture in the age of computer technology.future generations Future generations are almost certain to find newuses for computer technology.。

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