贵州省简称

贵州省简称“黔”和“贵”，是一个山川秀丽、气候宜人、资源富集、民族众多的内陆山区省。

其名称来源于以贵山得名。

唐为黔中道；宋属夔州路；元属湖广行省；明置贵州土司，是为贵州得名的开始，后置贵州布政使司；清改贵州省，省名至今未变。

贵州地处云贵高原，介于东经103°36′～109°35′、北纬24°37′～29°13′之间，东靠湖南，南邻广西，西毗云南，北连四川和重庆，东西长约595千米，南北相距约509千米。

全省土地总面积176167平方千米，占全国总面积的1.8%。

贵州地貌属于中国西部高原山地，境内地势西高东低，自中部向北、东、南三面倾斜，平均海拔在1100米左右。

贵州高原山地居多，素有“八山一水一分田”之说。

全省地貌可概括分为:高原山地、丘陵和盆地三种基本类型，其中92.5%的面积为山地和丘陵。

境内山脉众多，重峦叠峰，绵延纵横，山高谷深。

北部有大娄山，自西向东北斜贯北境，川黔要隘娄山关高 1444米；中南部苗岭横亘，主峰雷公山高2178米；东北境有武陵山，由湘蜿蜒入黔，主峰梵净山高2572米；西部高耸乌蒙山，属此山脉的赫章县珠市乡韭菜坪海拔2900.6米，为贵州境内最高点。

而黔东南州的黎平县地坪乡水口河出省界处，海拔为147.8米，为境内最低点。

贵州岩溶地貌发育非常典型。

喀斯特(出露)面积109084平方千米，占全省国土总面积的61.9 %，境内岩溶分布范围广泛，形态类型齐全，地域分布明显，构成一种特殊的岩溶生态系统。

贵州的气候温暖湿润，属亚热带湿润季风气候。

气温变化小，冬暖夏凉，气候宜人。

特别是气候独特的可处。

2002 年，省会贵阳市年平均气温为14.8℃，比上年提高0.3℃。

从全省看，通常最冷月(1月)平均气温多在3℃～6℃，比同纬度其他地区高；最热月(7月)平均气温一般是22℃～25℃，为典型夏凉地区。

降水较多，雨季明显，阴天多，日照少。

2002年，9个市州地所在城市中，降水量最多是兴义市，为1480毫米；最少的是毕节市，为687.9毫米。

受季风影响降水多集中于夏季。

境内各地阴天日数一般超过150天，常年相对湿度在70%以上。

受大气环流及地形等影响，贵州气候呈多样性，“一山分四季，十里不同天”。

另外，气候不稳定，灾害性天气种类较多，干旱、秋风、凌冻、冰雹等频度大，对农业生产危害严重。

贵州土壤面积共159100平方千米，占全省土地面积的90.4%，土壤的地带性属中亚热带常绿阔叶林红壤—黄壤地带。

中部及东部广大地区为湿润性常绿阔叶林带，以黄壤为主；西南部为偏干性常绿阔叶林带，以红壤为主；西北部为具北亚热成分的常绿阔叶林带，多为黄棕壤。

此外，还有受母岩制约的石灰土和紫色土、粗骨土、水稻土、棕壤、潮土、泥炭土、沼泽土、石炭土、石质土、山地草甸土、红粘土、新积土等土类。

对于农业生产而言，贵州土壤资源数量明显不足，可用于农、林、牧业的土壤仅占全省总面积的83.7%。

贵州植被丰厚，具有明显的亚热带性质，组成种类繁多，区系成分复杂。

全省维管束植物( 不含苔藓植物)共有269科、1655属、6255种(变种)。

植物区系以热带及亚热带性质的地理成分占明显优势，如泛热带分布、热带亚洲分布、旧世界热带分布等地理成分占较大比重，温带性质的地理成分也不同程度存在。

此外，还有较多的中国特有成分。

由于特殊的地理位置，贵州植被类型多样，既有中国亚热带型的地带性植被常绿阔叶林，又有近热带性质的沟谷季雨林、山地季雨林；既有寒温性亚高山针叶林，又有暖性同地针叶林；既有大面积次生的落叶阔叶林，又有分布极为局限的珍贵落叶林。

植被在空间分布上又表现出明显的过渡性，从而使各种植被类型在地理分布上相互重叠、错综，各种植被类型组合变得复杂多样。

贵州河流处在长江和珠江两大水系上游交错地带，有69个县属长江防护林保护区范围，是长江、珠江上游地区的重要生态屏障。

全省水系顺地势由西部、中部向北、东、南三面分流。

苗岭是长江和珠江两流域的分水岭，以北属长江流域，流域面积115747平方千米，占全省国土面积的65.7%，主要河流有乌江、赤水河、清水江、洪州河、舞阳河、锦江、松桃河、松坎河、牛栏江、横江等。

苗岭以南属珠江流域，流域面积60420平方千米，占全省国土面积的34.3%，主要河流有南盘江、北盘江、红水河、都柳江、打狗河等。

由于特定的地理位置和复杂的地形地貌，使贵州的气候和生态条件复杂多样，立体农业特征明显，农业生产的地域性、区域性较强，适宜于进行农业的整体综合开发，适宜于发展特色农业。

Guizhou Province, referred to as "Qian" and "expensive" is a beautiful mountains and rivers, climate, resource rich nation a large number of inland mountainous province.Its name comes from the mountain with your name.Tang Guizhou Road; Song is Interpreting Road; yuan is Huguang province; next home Guizhou toast,Is named for the start of Guizhou, Guizhou, administrative commissioner's office after the home; clear change in Guizhou Province, the provincial name has not changed.Guizhou is located in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, between east longitude 103 ° 36 '~ 109 ° 35', latitude 24 ° 37 '~ 29 ° 13' between the east by Hunan, Guangxi, south, west adjoin Yunnan, north Sichuan and Chongqing, something about 595 km north-south distance of about 509 km. The province's total land area of 176,167 square kilometers, accounting for 1.8% of the total area.Guizhou Plateau in western China landforms are mountains, in the terrain from west to east, from the central north, east, south and tilted on three sides, with an average altitude of 1100 meters. Mostly mountainous Guizhou Plateau, known as "Eight mountains of water a sub-field" theory. The province's landscape can be broadly divided into: Plateau mountains, hills and basins are three basic types, of which 92.5% of the area is mountains and hills. Mountains in large, heavy mountain ranges overlapping peaks, rolling horizon, a high mountain a deep valley. Big Lou northern mountains, from west to northeast slope consistent throughout the north, Sichuan-Guizhou strategic pass Loushanguan 1444 meters high; south-central Miaoling span, 2178 meters high mountain peakleigong; northeastern border with Wuling Mountain by the winds into the Hunan Guizhou, the main peak Fanjingshan 2572 meters high; the western high-rise wumeng shan, belong to this mountain village Hezhang County Pearl City, 2900.6 meters above sea level chives ping, the highest point in Guizhou. The Qiandongnan of Liping County Tsubosato River outlet at a provincial boundary, elevation of 147.8 meters, the lowest point for the territory. Guizhou karst landforms are very typical. Karst (exposed) area of 109,084 square kilometers, accounting for 61.9% of the province's total land area, the distribution of karst in a wide range of morphological types is complete, the geographical distribution of clearly constitutes a special kind of karst ecosystem.Guizhou's climate is warm and humid, subtropical humid monsoon climate. Temperature changes little, cool and pleasant weather. In particular, be liable to a unique climate. In 2002, the provincial capital Guiyang city, the average annual temperature is 14.8 ℃, compared with last year increased 0.3 ℃. From the provincial p erspective, usually the coldest month (January) average temperature over the 3 ℃ ~ 6 ℃, higher than in other parts of the same latitude; the hottest month (July) mean temperature is generally 22 ℃ ~ 25 ℃, the typical summer cool area. Precipitation are more significant during the rainy season, cloudy much less sunshine. In 2002, nine states in the host city of cities, precipitation is at most Xingyi City, 1,480 millimeters; at least the Bijie City of 687.9 millimeters. Affected by the monsoon rainfall are more concentrated in the summer. Generally cloudy days throughout the territory of more than 150 days, annual relative humidity above 70%. Affected by the impacts of atmospheric circulation and topography, climate in Guizhou was diversity, "mountain the season, ten-mile different days." In addition, climate instability, more types of severe weather, drought, autumn, Ling cold, the frequency of large hail, etc., to cause serious harm to agricultural production.Guizhou soil a total area of 159.1 thousand square kilometers, accounting for 90.4% of the province's land area, the soil is a zone of red soil in subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest - yellow soil zone. Large areas of central and eastern part of the moist evergreen broad-leaved forest dominated by yellow; southwest of partial dry evergreen broad-leaved forest dominated by red soil; the north-west of North Asia hot ingredients with evergreen broad-leaved forest , mostly yellow brown. In addition, there are constrained by the parent rock of the limestone soil and purple soil, and thick bone soil, paddy soil, brown soil, tidal soil, peat soil, swamp soil, coal soil, rocky soil, mountain meadow soil, red clay, the new plot soil and other soil types. For agricultural production, the amount of soil resources in Guizhou is obviously insufficient, can be used for agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry of the soil accounts for only 83.7% of the total area of the province.Guizhou, rich vegetation, with significant sub-tropical nature of the composition of a wide range of flora complex composition. The province of vascular plants (excluding bryophytes) a total of 269 subjects, 1655 genera and 6255 kinds (varieties). Flora of tropical and sub-tropical nature of the distinct advantage of geographical elements, such as the pan-tropical distribution of tropical Asia, the Old World tropical distribution of geographical elements account for a large proportion of the temperate nature of the geographical components also exist to varying degrees. In addition, there are more elements unique to China. Due to special geographical location, Guizhou and diverse vegetation types, both types of Chinese subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest vegetation zone, another of the ravine near the tropical nature of the monsoon forest, mountain rain season; both cold-temperate subalpine coniferous forest , another warm coniferous forest of the same place; both a large area of secondary deciduous broad-leaved forest, there are very limited distribution of valuable deciduous forest. The spatial distribution of vegetation has shown a clear transition, so that the geographical distribution of various vegetation types overlap each other, intricate, complicated by a variety of vegetation types and diverse portfolio. Guizhou Province in the Yangtze and Pearl rivers, the upper reaches of the two major river systems cross zone, there are 69 county shelter to protect the Yangtze River area, the Yangtze River, Pearl River upper reaches of the region's major ecological barrier. Soon the terrain from the province's river systems in western, central north, east, south and three sides diversion. Miaoling is the Yangtze River and Pearl River 2 River watershed is north of the Yangtze River drainage area of 115,747 square kilometers, accounting for 65.7% of the province's land area, the main rivers are the Wujiang River, Red River, water Jiang, Hongzhou River, Wuyang He , Jinjiang, Songtao River, songkan River, Kraal River, Yokoe and so on. Miaoling south of the Pearl River is a watershed area of 60420 square kilometers, accounting for 34.3% of the province's land area, the main rivers Nanpanjiang, North Pan River, Red River, are Liujiang, seizing and River.As a specific geographic location and complex topography, so that Guizhou complex and diverse climatic and ecological conditions,three-dimensional characteristics of agriculture obvious regional agricultural production, regional strong, suitable for conducting the comprehensive development of agriculture as a whole, suitable for the development of specialized Agriculture。