上海2014高三英语一模汇编·阅读C篇

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上海市各区2014--2015学年高三英语一模题型汇编--完形填空(可编辑修改word版)

2014-2015 学年高三英语一模汇编 --- 完形填空III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases markedA,B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The most exciting kind of education is also the most personal. Nothing is beyond the joy of discovering for yourself something that is a big 51 to you! It may be an idea or a bit of information you come across accidentally or a sudden understanding, fitting together pieces of information or working through a problem. Such personal 52 are the "payoff" in education.A teacher may direct you to learning and even 53 you in it-but no teacher can make the excitement or the joy happen. That is 54 you.A research paper, assigned in a course and perhaps checked at 55 stages by an instructor, leads you beyond classrooms, beyond the texts for classes and into a 56 where the joy of discovery and learning can come to you many times. Preparing the research paper is an active and individual process, and 57 learning process. It provides a structure within which you can make exciting discoveries, of knowledge and of self, which are basic to education. The research paper also gives you a chance to individualize a school assignment, to 58 a piece of work to your own interests and abilities, to show others what you can do. Writing a research paper is 59 just a classroom exercise. It is an experience in searching out, understanding and synthesizing ( 综合), which forms the 60 of many skills applicable to both academic and nonacademic tasks. It is, in the fullest sense, a discovery, an education. So, to produce a good research paper is both a useful and a 61 satisfying experience!To some, the thought of having to write an 62 number of pages, often more than ever produced before, is disturbing. To others, the very idea of having to work independently is63 . But there is no need to approach paper assignment with 64 , and nobody should view the research paper as an obstacle to overcome. 65 , consider it a goal to accomplish, a goal within reach if you find great pleasure in it.51.A. mistake B. deal C. plan D. challenge52.A. behaviours B. opportunities C. encounters D. entertainments53.A. encourage B. assess C. emphasize D. affect54. A. familiar to B. suitable for C. considerate of D. dependent on55. A. similar B. unbelievable C. flexible D. various56. A. outcome B. process C. achievement D. position57. A. ideal B. complicated C. competitive D. causal58. A. devote B. lead C. suit D. adopt59. A. no more than B. less than C. none other than D. more than60. A. evidence B. basis C. impression D. experience61. A. hardly B. skillfully C. thoroughly D. vividly62. A. assigned B. limited C. established D. fixed63.A. inspiring B. rewarding C. frightening D. threatening64.A. anxiety B. interest C. excitement D. embarrassment65.A. Furthermore B. Instead C. However D. Therefore51-65. DCADD BACDB CADABIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases markedA,B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Digital fingerprinting, fluctuations（波动）in the dollar exchange rate, and a mass of online information are some of the ways making travel to the United Nations in 2010 a different51 for international visitors than it was earlier in the 21st century.These 52 are evident before the visitor leaves his or her country.In 2004, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security(DHS)——a department of the federal government established by laws and regulations in late 2002, after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks——established a new series of security 53 for the international visitors holding non-U.S. passports or visas.54 when these visitors apply for a visa, the officer 55 them reviews their application and supporting papers and collects both digital fingerprints and a digital photograph.Recently, the waiting time for these interviews has been significantly 56 . According to Geoff Freeman, a senior vice president of public affairs of U.S. Travel, the trade organization for the U.S. travel industry, many prospective visa applicants now wait fewer than 30 days for an interview, 57 more than 100 days in the past.The Visa Waiter Program(VWP)—which 58 citizens from countries that meet various security and other requirements from obtaining a visa for visits to the United States of 90 days or fewer for business or pleasure— 59 36 countries such as Australia, Austria, Belgium and so on.A traveler from a country 60 in the VWP must obtain an Electronic System for Travel Authorization(ESTA), an online travel authorization, established by DHS. ESTA determines, before the traveler boards a flight, whether the traveler is 61 to travel to the United States under the VWP and whether such travel poses any law implementation or security risks.When an international traveler arrives in the United States, he or she must subject one of the two 62 to the U.S. Customs and Boarder Protection(CBP)officer: either a white Form I-94, if the traveler has a visa, or a green Form I-94W, if the traveler is a VWP participant. The CBP officer asks the traveler questions about his or her stay, scans the traveler’s fingerprints, and takes a digital photograph. 63 , VWP travelers, who are not required to obtain a visa, will soon need to pay a fee. The travelers keeps a portion of the I-94 or I-94W form after the CBP 64 and returns it to CBP upon departure from the United States.In 2007 Congress authorized the consumption of $40 million on a “Model Ports of Entry” program, designed to improve the 65 procedures of foreign travelers at the 20 U.S. airports with the highest number of international visitors. The program aims to improve staffing, queuemanagement, signage, and infrastructure at the top 20 U.S. international airports and to hire atleast 200 new CBP officers.51. A. experiment B. examination C. experience D. excursion52. A. changes B. fluctuations C. fingerprints D. communications53. A. explanations B. registrations C. applications D. procedures54. A. Surprisingly B. Specifically C. Hopefully D. Occasionally55. A. inspecting B. instructing C. interviewing D. investigating56. A. reduced B. resolved C. reviewed D. released57. A. owing to B. compared to C. according to D. added up to58. A. protects B. stimulates C. promises D. relieves59. A. leads to B. applies to C. depends on D. makes up60. A. persevering B. previewing C. participating D. promoting61. A. accessible B. acceptable C. available D. adaptable62. A. participants B. decisions C. documents D. photographs63. A. For instance B. As a result C. In addition D. On the contrary64. A. check B. project C. design D. proposal65. A. queue B. program C. arrival D. departure51-65 CADBC ABDBC BCCACIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases markedA,B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Leadership is a word getting a lot of attention these days. It appears in the title of new advice, how-to, and business books with amazing 51 . Definitions vary, but most of the ones I’ve seen don’t help much. It’s a totally 52 subject: You think A is a great leader; I like B’s53 better. That is, you may not be able to 54 it, but you know it when you see it.So this is my take on the elusive (难以捉摸的) concept:Years ago, leadership had 55 to do with a specific ability. “Leader” was the 56 given to the emperor of the organization. The person was the commander, the 57 with complete control. But 58 there is another way to establish yourself as a leader.Here is my definition: Leadership is the ability to get others to do what you want, need, or expect them to do, and feel good about doing it. It is the 59 part (feeling good about doing it) that is so elusive.If I am in charge, I can certainly demand you do what I expect you to do and insist you get it done. I can give orders. 60 , I am the boss, and everyone knows what that means. It is a sure way to destroy the atmosphere of the 61 .Today, I believe that approach is on the way 62 , although it will always be with us. When people hate the boss, sure, the boss is c alled “leader”—but not a good one, because the followers are an unhappy bunch. If they had another, 63 job to go to, they would be gonein a minute.Here is a list of the qualities I believe it 64 to be a good leader: 1. Likable; 2. Trustworthy; 3. Competent and experienced; 4. Part of the team; 5. Able and willing to participate; 6. Ready to 65 ; 7. Adaptable to change; 8. Eager to share credit.51.A. activity B. regularity C. reality D. sensitivity52.A. wrong B. unnecessary C. objective D. subjective53.A. system B. style C. sample D. speech54.A. define B. understand C. analyze D. summarize55.A. a lot B. something C. nothing D. everything56.A. rank B. type C. title D. honor57.A. authority B. candidate C. specialist D. assistant58.A. reasonably B. hopefully C. sadly D. fortunately59.A. first B. second C. former D. whole60.A. Above all B. After all C. For instance D. On the contrary61.A. friendship B. school C. company D. workplace62.A. over B. in C. along D. out63.A. money-saving B. highly-demanding C. decent-paying D. far-reaching64.A. endures B. takes C. minds D. describes65.A. please B. change C. listen D. follow51-65 BDBAC CADBB DDCBCIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases markedA,B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Radio began as a point-to-point communication device. In 1919, Radio Corporation of American would charge a fee if you sent a message from one radio to another. Either the senders or the recipients pay the fee. The purpose was basically to undercut the telegraph, and they made their money 51 , not by providing radio as a 52 but by selling hardware.In about 1922, radio 53 into a broadcast mechanism. For broadcasting, in the simple sense, there was a 54 and it broadcast, and lots of people could hear it. But broadcasting was seen as a way to drive business to the radio hardware makers. The stations were 55 by people who made radios or 56 , by churches and universities that wanted to get their57 out but weren’t going to make money.And there was a lot of stuff which sounds very 58 today about how this medium was going to 59 . And in the 20s, Radio Broadcast Magazine 60 a $500 prize for the best essay that answered the question: “Who is going to pay for broadcasting, and how?” The winner suggested a 61 on radio listeners. Now, it sounds a little strange to us, but that’s actually the British model. The BBC supports itself by a tax on TV and radio sets.There was some discussion about 62 , and Herbert Hoover, the Secretary of Commerce then, was strongly against this idea. He said it was 63 that we should allow so great a possibility for service 64 by advertising chatter. The Commerce Department was 65 radio at the time. After the creation of national radio networks then the pressure – advertisers wanted to go on with it, people who owned the radio network wanted to sell ads, and that’s how radio developed as an advertising medium.51. A. briefly B. naturally C. basically D. eventually52. A. listener B. service C. broadcaster D. applicant53. A. developed B. extended C. made D. drove54. A. magazine B. platform C. stop D. station55. A. wanted B. made C. sponsored D. sold56. A. in some cases B. in return C. on the contrary D. on the whole57. A. way B. message C. profit D. opinion58. A. critical B. persuasive C. familiar D. great59. A. communicate B. broadcast C. emerge D. survive60. A. offered B. won C. missed D. abandoned61. A. reward B. tax C. fine D. rent62. A. broadcasting B. advertising C. chattering D. modeling63. A. essential B. inconvenient C. difficult D. unbelievable64. A. sent B. created C. drowned D. suggested65. A. regulating B. producing C. providing D. developing51-65 CBADC ABCDA BBDCAIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases markedA,B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The next great land area that man hopes to control is the moon. In size it is nearly 51 to the area of North and South America. However, it presents a hostile (不友好的) environment. Temperatures 52 +120 to -150 degrees Centigrade ( 摄氏). There is no air, and no water.Today there are 53 scientific speculation ( 思索) about living on the moon. When man will begin life on the moon surface is still not 54 . But experts believe that settlement will take place in three steps. First, there will be increasing periods of exploration with temporary55 . These periods will be followed by longer stays with housing under the surface of the moon and systems necessary to 56 life brought by the colonizers themselves. Finally, colonies that are ecologically and 57 self-supporting will be established.The principal job of the early settlers will be to stay 58 . They will have to bulid shelters to 59 an atmosphere like that of earth. They will have to plant crops under huge domes to produce food and 60 and find water sources. After this is done, the settlers will have time to explore the possibilities of commercial development and to make discoveriesimportant to science.The characteristics of the moon that make it bad for human staying alive may make it61 for certain kinds of manufacturing. Operations that require a vacuum or extreme cold, are an 62 . Precision ball bearing, industrial diamonds, or certain medicines might be produced on the moon.The most immediate interest in the moon, however, is a scientific one. Geologists can explore the history and composition of the 63 . Meteorologists will have opportunities to forecast weather on earth. Cosmologists can study the origin of the solar system. Astronomers(天文学家) can use their optical telescopes and radio telescopes 64 of atmospheric and man-made distortions. And perhaps at some distant date the moon can serve as a base from which space explorers can travel to other planets in the earth’s s olar system and to worlds 65 .51.A. superior B. essential C. equal D. fertile52.A. range B. restore C. sort D. rise53.A. sociable B. inevitable C. mysterious D. considerable54.A. determined B. occupied C. initiated D. resembled55.A. monuments B. shelters C. rockets D. houses56.A. sacrifice B. support C. spare D. risk57.A. economically B. sociably C. imaginarily D. enthusiastically58.A. active B. attractive C. alive D. ambitious59.A. mention B. motivate C. maintain D. monitor60.A. mineral B. oxygen C. protein D. medicine61.A. ideal B. complicated C. difficult D. expensive62.A. explanation B. excursion C. executive D. example63.A. earth B. star C. satellite D. planet64.A. full B. conscious C. lack D. free65.A. beyond B. highly C. else D. ahead51-65 CADAB BACCB ADCDAIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases markedA,B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Music produces profound and lasting changes in the brain. Schools should add music classes, not cut them. Nearly 20 years ago, a small study advanced the 51 that listening to Mozart’s Sonata(奏鸣曲) could boost mental functioning. It was not long 52 trademarked “Mozart effect” products began to appeal to anxious parents aiming to put toddlers (刚学步的孩子) on the fast track to prestigious universities like Harvard and Yale. Georgia’s governor even53giving every newborn there a classical CD or cassette.The 54 for Mozart therapy turned out to be weak, perhaps nonexistent, although the55 study never claimed anything more than a temporary and limited effect. In recent years,56 , scientists have examined the benefits of a continuous effort to study and practice music,in contrast to playing a Mozart CD or a computer-based“brain fitness” game 57 in a while.Advanced monitoring 58 have enabled scientists to see what happens inside your head when you listen to your mother and actually practice the violin for an hour every afternoon. And they have found that music 59 can produce profound and lasting changes that 60 the general ability to learn. These results should 61 public officials that music classes are not a mere decoration, ready for being given up in the budget crises that constantly troubles public schools.Studies have shown that 62 instrument training from an early age can help the brain to63 sounds better, making it 64 to stay focused when absorbing other subjects, from literature to mathematics. The musically experienced are better able to 65 a biology lesson despite the noise in the classroom or, a few years later, to finish a call with a client when a colleague in the next office starts screaming a subordinate(下属). They can be engaged in several things at once, which is an essential skill in this era of multitasking.51. A. notice B. note C. idea D. impression52. A. that B. until C. since D. before53. A. proposed B. pushed C. submitted D. subjected54. A. witness B. evidence C. symptom D. context55. A. recent B. advanced C. original D. latest56. A. however B. moreover C. then D. therefore57. A. quite B. once C. often D. much58. A. management B. techniques C. information D. mechanics59. A. subjects B. models C. causes D. lessons60. A. enhance B. introduce C. ensure D. instruct61. A. convey B. convince C. communication D. conclude62. A. urgent B. casual C. diligent D. occasional63. A. proceed B. process C. prefer D. predict64. A. easier B. harder C. tougher D. faster65. A. count on B. concentrate on C. insist on D. depend on51-65CDABC ABBDA BCBABIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases markedA,B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.It is one of the most terrifying moments for any urban cyclists: the first time a huge, high-sided construction truck lumbers alongside, the driver 51 within their high cab （驾驶室）. Now a leading cycling group hopes it has 52 with a solution -- the cyclist-friendly lorry.The draft design, to be unveiled （揭幕）on Wednesday by the London Cycling Campaign, reduces the overall height of the lorry, 53 the driving position, and greatly 54 the side windows of the cab, stretching them as close to road level as possible. 55 drivers of the traditional lorry have to rely on 56 and sensors to spot cyclists or pedestrians close to the front offside of the vehicle, if they can detect them at all, the new design all but 57 this blind spot.It is undoubtedly a big 58 , especially in London, where lorries form about 5% of vehicle traffic 59 are responsible for about half of all cyclist deaths, with a large 60 of these involving construction lorries, often turning left into a cyclist. In 2011, of the 16 cyclist deaths in London, nine involved lorries, of which seven were construction vehicles.If elements of the London Cycling Campaign's design look familiar that is 61 they are already in use – many 62 rubbish lorries already feature low-silled glass doors, allowing the drivers to look out for both staff 63 bins and other pedestrians. This demonstrated how construction companies could change if they wanted to.A study 64 last month by Transport for London said construction trucks were disproportionately （不成比率地） involved in cyclist accidents and recommended 65 such as giving drivers delivering goods to building sites more realistic time slots to avoid them being tempted into recklessness.51. A. inaccessible 52. A. break away 53. A. totally 54. A. strengthens B. inconvenient B. put down B. especially B. extends C. invisible C. come up C. generally C. increase D. inexact D. get along D. probably D. improves 55. A. While B. Since C. However D. Before 56. A. windows B. drawers C. carriages D. mirrors 57. A. calculates B. disapproves C. implements D. eliminates 58. A. solution B. method C. issue D. highlight 59. A. so B. orC. butD. and 60. A. deal B. number C. amount D. burden 61. A. because B. until C. unless D. whether 62. A. realistic B. domestic C. academic D. traffic 63. A. participating B. associating C. assembling D. collecting 64. A. released B. reflected C. motivated D. hunted 65. A. differencesB. problemsC. factorsD. measures51-65. CCBBA DDCCB ABDADIII. Reading Comprehension Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Surprising new research suggests it can actually be good to feel bad at work, and that feeling good in the workplace can lead to negative outcomes.The study of emotions in the workplace, edited by University of Liverpool researchers Drs. Dirk Lindebaum and Peter Jordan, is the 51 of a Special Issue of the journal Human Relations.They found that the 52 held assumption that positivity in the workplace produces positive outcomes, while negative emotions lead to negative outcomes, may be in need for53 . This is partly due to this assumption 54 to take into account the differences in work contexts which affect outcomes.For instance, anger does not always lead to negative outcomes and can be used as a force for good through acting upon injustices. In some 55 , anger can be considered a force for good if motivated by perceived violations(违背) of moral standards. An employee, for example, could express anger constructively after a manager has treated a fellow worker 56 . In such cases, anger can be useful to 57 these acts of injustice repeating themselves in the future.Likewise, being too positive in the workplace, 58 resulting in greater well-being and greater productivity, can lead to self-satisfaction and superficiality(肤浅).One article within the issue also finds that, within team situations, negativity can have a good effect, leading to less 59 and therefore greater discussion among workers which 60 team effectiveness.An interesting contradiction(矛盾) is identified in another study of the special issue. Here, people gain 61 from doing “good” in the context of helplines by providing support to people in times of emotional distress. 62 , they are negatively affected by their line of work due to people trying to avoid them in social situations.Lindebaum said, “The findings of the studies published in this Special Issue63 the widely held assumption that in the workplace positive emotions 64 a positive outcome, and vice verse. This Special Issue adds to our knowledge and understanding of how the positive and negative emotions affect the 65 environment and has practical application and relevance in the workplace.”51.A. application B. topic C. cause D. objective52.A. basically B. logically C. commonly D. blindly53.A. reconsideration B. recommendation C. recognition D. reassurance54.A. stopping B. failing C. tending D. managing55.A. aspects B. companies C. cultures D. cases56.A. gently B. strangely C. irregularly D. unfairly57.A. prevent B. keep C. find D. have58.A. in spite of B. apart from C. instead of D. owing to59.A. agreement B. thinking C. production D. initiative60.A. determines B. enhances C. reduces D. influences61.A. independence B. knowledge C. satisfaction D. strength62.A. Moreover B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. However63.A. support B. challenge C. include D. confirm64.A. contribute to B. result from C. fit in with D. get over65.A. social B. surviving C. natural D. working51-65 BCABD DACAB CDBADIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases markedA,B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.When you say that someone has a good memory, what exactly do you mean? Are you saying that the person has fast recall or that he or she 51 information quickly? Or maybe you just mean that the person remembers a lot about her or his childhood. The truth is that it is 52 to say exactly what memory is. Even scientists who have been studying memory for decades say they are still trying to 53 exactly what it is. We do know that a particular memory is not just one thing stored somewhere in the brain. 54 , a memory is made up of bits and pieces of information stored all over the brain. Perhaps the best way to 55 memory is to say that itis a process—a process of recording, storing, and getting back information. Practice and repetition can help to 56 the pieces that make up our memory of that information.Memory can be 57 affected by a number of things. 58 nutrition can affect a person’s ability to store information. Excessive alcohol use can also weaken memory and cause permanent 59 to the brain over the long term. A vision or hearing problem may affect a person’s ability to notice certain things, thus making it 60 to register information in the brain.When people talk about memory, they often 61 short-term memory and long-term memory.If you want to call a store or an office that you don’t call often, you look in the telephone book for the number. You dial the number, and then you forget it! You use your short-term memory to remember the number. Your short-term memory lasts about 30 seconds, or half a minute. 62 , you don’t need to look in the telephone book for your best friend’s number, because you already know it. This number is in your long-term memory, which 63 information about things you have learned and experienced through the years.Why do you forget things sometimes? The major reason for forgetting something is that youdid not learn it well enough 64 . For example, if you meet some new people and right away forget their names, it is because you did not 65 the names at the first few seconds when you heard them.51. A. collects B. processes C. publishes D. absorbs52. A. necessary B. important C. difficult D. convenient53. A. figure out B. take out C. put out D. give out54. A. After all B. Instead C. By contrast D. Besides55. A. recall B. refresh C. describe D. decrease56. A. lose B. organize C. identify D. strengthen57. A. positively B. negatively C. actively D. directly58. A. Poor B. Adequate C. Special D. Various59. A. benefit B. offence C. effect D. damage60. A. easier B. more impressive C. harder D. more convenient61. A. refer to B. apply for C. come across D. break down62.A. Furthermore B. However C. Consequently D. Otherwise63.A. leaks B. transmits C. checks D. stores64.A. in the middle B. at the end C. in the beginning D. ahead of time65.A. restore B. record C. replace D. respond51-65 D C A B C DBADC ABDCBIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases markedA,B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Gallup used to conduct a poll(投票) that asked students to name the school subject that they considered to be the most difficult. Not 51 , mathematics came out on top of the difficulty chart. So what is it about math that makes it difficult? defines the word “difficult” as “not easily or readily done; requiring much52 or planning to be performed successfully.” This definition gets to the point of the problem when it comes to math. What makes math difficult is that it takes patience and persistence. For many students, math is not something that comes 53 . It takes effort. It is a subject that sometimes requires students to devote lots and lots of time and 54 .This means, for many, the problem has little to do with brain power; it is mostly a matter of staying power. And since students don’t make their own timelines, they can 55 the time as the teacher moves on to the next topic.In fact, there is also an element of brain style in the big picture, according to many scientists. They believe that people are born with 56 math understanding skills. Logical, left-brain thinkers tend to understand things in sequential bits, while artistic, intuitive, right- brainers are more 57 . They take in a lot of information at one time and allow time to let it “sink in”. So left-brain students may grasp concepts 58 while right-brain students don’t. To the right brain student, time loss can make them feel confused and behind. Unfortunately in busy classrooms with too many students, students are not always 59 enough time. We have to move on, ready or not.Math know-how is also cumulative( 积累), which means it works much like a pile of building blocks. You have to gain enough 60 in one area before you can effectively go on to “build upon” another area. Our first mathematical building blocks are established in primary school, when we learn 61 for addition and multiplication, and those first concepts become our 62 . These mathematical concepts or knowledge has to sink in and become 63 before students can move on to challenge the next stage of new concepts. However, teachers don’t have time to ensure that every single student understands every single concept. So some students move to the next level with really shaky knowledge system. 64 , as they climb the ladder, they may meet with more and more difficulties and might 65 complete failure at some。

【VIP专享】上海市虹口区2014届高三英语一模试卷(含答案及听力文字)

虹口区2013学年度第一学期高三年级英语学科期终教学质量监控测试卷2014.1考生注意:1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。

2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（第1—9页）和第Ⅱ卷（第10页），全卷共10页。

第I卷第1-16小题、第41-77小题采用多项选择题形式，答题必须涂写在答题纸相应位置，写在试卷上无效。

第I卷第17-40小题、第78-81小题的答案和第II卷的答案必须写在答题纸相应位置，写在试卷上无效。

3．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

第I 卷(共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections：In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Car seller. B. Police officer. C. Detective. D. Reporter.2. A. He was busy eating. B. John was meeting the new guests.C. John was too busy to talk to anyone.D. He didn’t notice who John was talking to.3. A. Informative. B. Difficult. C. Funny. D. Dull.4. A. Send leaflets. B. Do some gardening. C. Go sightseeing. D. Visit a lawyer.5. A. The lady’s room is a bit far.B. She has to sign her name before using the lady’s room.C. She is unable to use the lady’s room right now.D. He will lead her to the lady’s room.6. A. They shouldn’t change the plan. B. It is necessary to change the plan.C. She doesn’t believe the weather forecast.D. She doesn’t think the game will last long.7. A. There are not enough gardens. B. Parking areas are full before 10:00.C. Parking areas are closed after 10:00.D. All classes begin at 10:00.8. A. He lost his way. B. He worked very carefully.C. He received a traffic ticket.D. He drove in heavy traffic.9. A. Her doorbell doesn’t need repair. B. She didn’t expect him to come so early.C. The man has just arrived on time.D. It is not the right time for her.10. A. He’s unable to finish his homework. B. He can’t give the woman his computer.C. He’s to remove the virus.D. He’s infected with some disease. Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. A motorist’s speeding. B. Her running into a stop sign.C. Her lack of driving experience.D. A motorist’s failure to concentrate.12. A. Nervous and unsure of herself. B. Calm and confident of herself.C. Courageous and forceful.D. Depressed and reluctant.13. A. More strict training of women drivers.B. Restrictions on cell phone use while driving.C. Improved traffic conditions in cities.D. Less traffic on street.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Possible feedback of the test. B. The test questions and answer choices.C. The instructions of conducting tests.D. The score of each item of questions.15. A. Higher. B. Lower. C. Equal. D. Random.16. A. The main limits of computerized test.B. The way to control the difficulty of each question.C. The whole process of having computerized test.D. The advantages and disadvantages of computerized test.Section CDirections:In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Air Booking InformationName: Tom WardDestination: MadridAirlines: China 17 AirlinesFlight Number: NO. 18Class: 19 classDeparture time: 9:00 a.m. 20 6thAirport: Shanghai Pudong International AirportBlanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.Why was Meg blamed for her hand-in date?Because she failed to 21 .What was the most important thing toThe 22 .Starbucks’ success? P.F. ProductionsWhat kind of figure should be included?The 23 .What did the professor advise Meg to do?He advised him to 24 .II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)To be a successful speaker is no easy thing. It is essential for you to know why you are speaking and 25 you wish to accomplish by your speech. The four most common purposes of speech are to inform, to convince, to move to action, and to entertain. Do you, like a teacher or an expert in a field, wish to illustrate your ideas in detail to people unfamiliar with your subject26 they can understand your ideas clearly and thoroughly? Or, like a debater, wish to convince the judges or the audience? Or, like a fund collector for a naturalist foundation, wish to get money? Or, like a comedian or after-dinner speaker, wish to entertain? The language and tone you use 27 be proper for your purpose, for your audience, and for the occasion. A speech to the graduating class will have quite different language, tone and manner from information28 (deliver) to a group of your friends.Furthermore, 29 talented the speaker is, a talk without enough preparation is usually30 failure. To speak without preparing is to shoot without taking aim. Decide what your aim or objective is; then state it in a complete topic sentence. Make sure that your subject 31 (be) definite and not too broad. zhucanqi(B)DC Hilton was one of the first Americans to find out that there was money to be made in the middle of the night. 47 years ago he bought a small restaurant on US highway 69, in Oklahoma. His main customers were truck drivers and traveling salesmen who drank coffee and ate cheeseburgerswhen they stopped 32 (break) their journey.It was they 33 first tried to persuade Hilton to remain open all night. 34 (think) about it for a while, he suddenly made up his mind. He took the door key and threw it across the road. He hasn’t closed the door ever since.Over the years his simple burger café has been expanded 35 a 24-hour roadside empire, with a 100-seat restaurant, a petrol station, a mini shopping market, a car park for mobile homes and all-night self-help laundry.Hilton was a pioneer in a 24-hour working trend, 36 has now caught on around the world. Today not only restaurants but also banks, supermarkets, mail-order firms, travel agencies and many other businesses are beginning to be open all night. But is this really a good thing?So far, a lot of research 37 (do) in America on the effect of 24-hour working, and there is growing concern about the long-term dangers of a society that doesn’t sleep. Americans are said to be sleeping 20% less than 38 did 100 years ago, and 55% claim to suffer at least occasionally from over-tiredness. Several of the 39 (bad) man-made disasters happened in the last few hours before dawn, when even the most experienced night-worker has difficulty40 (stay) awake.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. scarcelyB. relieveC. distinctD. contemporaryE. contrastsF. memoryG. composedH. intendedI. conveyJ. especiallyK. unexpectedThere is a tendency to think of each of the arts as a separate area of activity. Many artists, however, would prove that there has always been a warm relationship between the 41 areas of human activity. For example, in the late nineteenth century the connections between music and painting were 42 close. zhucanqi Artists were invited to design clothes and settings for operas and ballets, but sometimes it was the musicians who were inspired by the work of 43 painters. Of the musical compositions that were considered as responses to the visual arts, perhaps the most famous is Mussorgsky’s Pictures at an Exhibition.Mussorgsky 44 the piece in 1874 after the death, at the age of 39, of the artist Victor Hartmann. Though their friendship had not been a particularly long-lasting one, Mussorgsky was shocked by Hartmann’s 45 death. The following year the critic, Vladimir Stasov, who decided to hold an exhibition of Hartmann’s work, suggested that Mussorgsky try to 46 his grief by writing something in 47 of Hartmann.The exhibition served as Mussorgsky’s inspiration. The ten pieces that make up Pictures at an Exhibition are 48 as symbols rather than representations of the paintings in the exhibition. Between each is a promenade （舞曲中的行进）, as the composer walks from one painting to another. The music is sometimes witty and playful, sometimes almost alarming and frightening. Through a range of surprising 49 , Mussorgsky manages to 50 the spirit of the artist and his work.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The term home schooling means educating children at home or in places other than a normal setting such as a public or private school. These days, homeschooling in America is 51 .Teaching methods at homeschooling 52 . Some parents follow a strict timetable and53 a traditional school environment. Other parents follow an extreme form of homeschooling in which they do not give grades or tests and allow their children to study wherever they want. More parents, however, follow the middle 54 to provide a balance between freedom and discipline.Why do parents choose homeschooling? Some believe that children in public schools experience too much “peer pressure”, or social pressure from friends. They say it may have a55 effect on the child’s studies. Other parents are dissatisfied with the quality of education in the public school. About half the parents who teach at home are 56 motivated and use lessons by mail or Internet from church schools. Whatever the 57 may be, it is evident that more and more children are being taken out of normal schools every year. 58 , many questions have emerged, encouraging the debate over home schooling against public schooling.What then is the future of education? Although children often learn well at home, weak regulations in most states mean that officials rarely challenge or 59 parents who say they are home-schooling. As the 60 continues, so do the questions about what home schoolers are studying at home. How can parents ensure that their children are prepared academically for college? How are home schoolers 61 to make sure they are getting the same educational standards that school students must have? Recent studies in the United States have shown that homeschooled children tend to be slightly better in subjects like English and art, but they are obviously less62 math and science. Finally, there are questions regarding the children’s emotional development. Are they too 63 their fellow students? Are they 64 the opportunity to get the social benefits of being in a large classroom of students? As with any debatable issue, the answers to these questions are never 65 .51. A. disappearing B. reducing C. contributing D. rising52. A. vary B. last C. exist D. work53. A. imitate B. alter C. promote D. neglect54. A. instructions B. path C. technique D. standard55. A. positive B.practical C. negative D. remarkable56. A. economically B. religiously C. physically D. psychologically57. A. effects B. suggestions C. reasons D. pressures58. A. As a result B. On the whole C. By the way D. In addition59. A. encourage B. interrupt C. contact D. monitor60. A. appreciation B. opposition C. expectation D. debate61. A. assessed B. chosen C. compared D. classified62. A. satisfied with B. involved in C. skilled at D. sure of63. A. ignorant of B. isolated from C. connected with D. worried about64. A. creating B. grasping C. awaiting D. losing65. A. acceptable B. informative C. one-sided D. practicalSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)“It seems likely that a caged elephant would miss the wilderness it was born into.” a six-year study revealed.British and Canadian scientists studied 4,500 elephants in European zoos and compared them with elephants living in the wild. They found that wild elephants are healthier, live longer and reproduce more than those elephants in zoos.When it comes to living in a zoo, “many species do well but elephants don’t,” said Georgia Mason, one of the researchers of the study. Many animals live longer in zoos than they do in the wild. This isn’t surprising when you consider that zoo animals are not threatened by predators (掠食者), always have plenty to eat, P.F. Productions and have professionals on hand to care for them.When it comes to elephants, however, the situation is different. The world’s largest land animals live much longer in the wild than they do in zoos.Female African elephants born in zoos live on average for 17 years, while those in the wild make it to 56. “So far,” says Mason, “We’ve got 300 African elephants in zoos in Europe, and not one’s yet reached 50.”Asian elephants are the more endangered of the two elephant species. They live for about 19 years in captivity (圈养) compared to 42 years in the wild. A few wild Asian elephants have even made it into their 70s. In Kenya, 30 to 50 percent of wild elephants reach 50 years of age.Fatness and stress are likely causes for the giant land animals’ early death in captivity, Mason said.The researchers say that zoos do not offer enough space for animals that can travel as far as 48 kilometers a day. Too little exercise and too much food means captive elephants put on extra weight. The weight gain can lead to heart disease and other health problems.Being “caged” is bad for health, not only for elephants, but also for humans. Be careful not to become a “caged elephant”!66. Many animals live longer in zoos owing to the following reasons EXCEPT that ________.A. they are far away from the danger of being eaten.B. they can be in a better mood there.C. they needn’t worry about their food at all.D. they are taken good care of.67. Which of the following may probably result in the early death of elephants in zoos?A. Stress and lack of delicious food.B. Loneliness and little space for activities.C. Lack of delicious food and enough exercise.D. Being stressed and over weight.68. What can be concluded from the passage?A. Zoos are not suitable for animals to live in.B. None of the animals live well in zoos due to lack of exercise.C. Compared with the elephants in zoos, wild elephants are healthier.D. Asian elephants can live longer than African elephants in zoos.69. What is the passage mainly about?A. The living conditions of animals in the world are worsening.B. Elephants can live a longer time in the wild than in zoos.C. All of us should take actions to protect wild elephants.D. The places where wild elephants live are being damaged seriously.(B)TimetableMondays to FridaysOxford London-Paddington Oxford to London-Paddington London-Paddington to Oxford 09:05 -------------10:01 11:15 ------------------12:14 09:48 -------------10:42 11:45 ------------------12:44 10:05 -------------11:04 12:00 ------------------12:56 10:35 -------------11:34 12:15 ------------------13:14Membership CardFriends Membership Card THE HAMILTON PLAYHOUSE0　0　1　3　6　7　8　9Valid until 23 May 2013Name: Miss E. M. DriscollBox Office: 10865 305305 THE HAMILTON PLAYHOUSEWhen booking always ask for your Friends Discount.Give your membership P.F. Productions number when booking.Please bring your card with you when collecting tickets.Your membership card is valid until the date shown on the front.This card is your proof of membership — please keep it safe at all times.U.S. Families with a Laptop (Percentage)Menu◇ French Slam® $4.29 French toast, two eggs any style, two pieces of bacon and two sausage links.◇Sandwich with Salad or Soup $4.35 Chicken breast on bread. Served with your choice of garden salad, Caesar salad, vegetable beef or soup of the day.◇The Classic Hamburger $4.99 Over 1/3 pound. Topped with tomato, red onions and cheese.◇Chicken Fried Steak $5.09A southern style! Golden fried and covered with French cheese.◇The Super Bird® $5.49 Thin flat pieces of chicken breast with Swiss cheese, bacon and tomato on bread.◇Chinese Chicken Salad $5.99 Chicken breast, mushrooms, green peppers, and onions. Topped with tomatoes and fried noodles. Served with bread.70. Which of the following is true of the membership card?A. Its number is 10865 305305.B. It gets the owner a discount when used.C. It is valid through the year of 2013.D. It belongs to Mr.E. M. Driscoll.71. If one wants to attend a business lunch in London at 12:00, the latest train that he should take atOxford leaves at ________.A. 09:48B. 10:35C. 11:15D. 11:4572. If you would like to have some vegetable beef, what may be your choice?A. French Slam®.B. Chicken Fried Steak.C. Sandwich with Salad or Soup.D. The Super Bird®.73. The chart shows that from 2008 to 2013, ________.A. the percentage of the Spanish families with a laptop rose 60 pointsB. the percentage of the White families with a laptop remained unchangedC. the number of the Black families with a laptop was on the decreaseD. the number of the Asian families with a laptop showed the sharpest increase(C)Women’s minds work differently from men’s. Psychologists view the subject either as a matter of failure or a joke. Now the biologists have moved into this field, and some of them have found that there are real differences between the brains of men and women. But being different, they point out hurriedly, is not the same as being better or worse.There is, however, a definite structural variation between the male and female brain. The difference is in a part of the brain that is used in the most complex intellectual processes—the link between the two halves of the brain.The two halves are linked by a trunkline (主干线) of between 200 and 300 million nerves, the corpus callosum. Scientists have found quite recently that the corpus callosum in women is always larger and probably richer in nerve fibres (纤维) than it is in men. This is the first time that a structural difference has been found between the brains of women and men and it must have some significance. The question is “What?”, and if this difference exists, are there others? Research shows that present-day women think differently and behave differently from men. Are some of these differences biological and inborn, a result of evolution? We tend to think that is the influence of society that produces these differences. But could we be wrong?Research showed that these two halves of the brain had different functions, and that the corpus callosum enabled them to work together. The better the connections, the more harmoniously the two halves work. Usually, women have the better connections.But it isn’t all that easy to explain the actual differences between the skills of men and women on this basis. In schools throughout the world girls tend to be better than boys at “language subjects” and boys better at math. If these differences correspond (相符合) with the differences in the trunkline, there is an unchangeable distinction between the sexes.We shan’t know for a while, partly because we don’t know of the exact relationship between abilities in school subjects and the functioning of the two halves of the brain. And we cannot understand how the two halves interact through the corpus callosum. But one thing is certain:nothing in our world is still—even scientific thought.74. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Biologists are doing research where psychologists have given up.B. Brain differences point to advantage of one sex over the other.C. The structural difference in the brain between the sexes has long been known.D. The brain difference is the only difference between the sexes.75. According to the passage, it is commonly believed that brain differences are caused by ________factors.A. biologicalB. psychologicalC. physicalD. social76. The expression of “these differences” refers to those in ________.A. skills of men and womenB. school subjectsC. the brain structure of men and womenD. learning habits77. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To discuss the various factors that cause brain differences.B. To explain the link between sex and brain structure.C. To suggest new areas in brain research.D. To indicate the many differences between the sexes.Section CDirections:Read the following passage and then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.You are what you eat and fats are a main food for Asia’s fast-food generation. Dr. Chwang, director of the Department of Food Nutrition, says children are consuming more meat and soft drinks. That is a thorough departure from the traditional diet of vegetables and rice and little meat. “They like big pieces of fried meat with a soft drink. So although they may eat the same volume of food, their calorie intake (卡路里摄入量) has increased. Now about 40 to 45 percent of their calories come from fat,” says Chwang.Although on the whole Asians tend towards thinness, Asians’ hospitality（好客）is the first and foremost reason for the fatness of today’s generation, according to Chwang. “Asian people love food,” she says. “Eating and drinking are important social and family functions.” In the past, however, big meals were only hosted on special occasions as people were more careful with money. In today’s climate of wealth and remarkable consumption, 10-course meals are no longer reserved for significant occasions.Needless to say, that children are being spoilt by their parents is another cause of children’s overweight. More than anyone else, children are on the receiving end of their parents’ improved circumstances. “In the past, people had four or more children —now, they have one or two, so they tend to spoil them,” says Chwang. “The easiest way is to give them ‘quality food’. Parents think feeding them well is showing their love. They feel bad when their children look thin.”When describing the physical condition of most overweight Asian children, Chwang says: “There is a clear relationship between fatness and indoor play children spend too much time on. Children get fat because they don’t move, and eventually, they don’t want to move because they’refat. Thanks to technology, a growing army of children prefer video games to old outdoor sports. “What do children do when watching TV or sitting in front of the computer playing video games? They eat chocolate and drink Coke,” P.F. Productions says Chwang.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.)78. Despite the same volume of food, children take in more calories due to ________.79. Thanks to ________, big meals nowadays are no longer enjoyed on special occasions.80. Why do some parents feel bad when their children look thin?81. According to Dr. Chwang, what are the three factors causing Asian children’s overweight today?第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1．今年国庆节我和妈妈参观了新建的植物园。

上海市各区2013-2014年高三英语一模试卷题型分类专题汇编--阅读理解C篇--学生版(纯净word已经校对珍藏版)

Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Women’s minds work differently from men’s. Psychologists view the subject either as a matter of failure or a joke. Now the biologists have moved into this field, and some of them have found that there are real differences between the brains of men and women. But being different, they point out hurriedly, is not the same as being better or worse.There is, however, a definite structural variation between the male and female brain. The difference is in a part of the brain that is used in the most complex intellectual processes—the link between the two halves of the brain.The two halves are linked by a trunkline (主干线) of between 200 and 300 million nerves, the corpus callosum. Scientists have found quite recently that the corpus callosum in women is always larger and probably richer in nerve fibres (纤维) than it is in men. This is the first time that a structural difference has been found between the brains of women and men and it must have some si gnificance. The question is “What?”, and if this difference exists, are there others? Research shows that present-day women think differently and behave differently from men. Are some of these differences biological and inborn, a result of evolution? We tend to think that is the influence of society that produces these differences. But could we be wrong?Research showed that these two halves of the brain had different functions, and that the corpus callosum enabled them to work together. The better the connections, the more harmoniously the two halves work. Usually, women have the better connections.But it isn’t all that easy to explain the actual differences between the skills of men and women on this basis. In schools throughout the world girls tend to be better than boys at “language subjects” and boys better at math. If these differences correspond (相符合) with the differences in the trunkline, there is an unchangeable distinction between the sexes.We shan’t know for a while, partly because we don’t know of the exact relationship between abilities in school subjects and the functioning of the two halves of the brain. And we cannot understand how the two halves interact through the corpus callosum. But one thing is certain:nothing in our world is still—even scientific thought.74. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Biologists are doing research where psychologists have given up.B. Brain differences point to advantage of one sex over the other.C. The structural difference in the brain between the sexes has long been known.D. The brain difference is the only difference between the sexes.75. According to the passage, it is commonly believed that brain differences are caused by ________ factors.A. biologicalB. psychologicalC. physicalD. social76. The expression of “these differences” refers to those in ________.A. skills of men and womenB. school subjectsC. the brain structure of men and womenD. learning habits77. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To discuss the various factors that cause brain differences.B. To explain the link between sex and brain structure.C. To suggest new areas in brain research.D. To indicate the many differences between the sexes.Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Publicity offers several benefits. There are not costs for message time or space. An ad in prime-time television may cost $250,000 to $5,000,000 or more per minute, whereas a five-minute report on a network newscast would not cost anything. Publicity reaches a mass audience within a short time and new products or company policies are widely known.Credibility about messages is high, because they are reported in independent media. A newspaper review of a movie has more believability than an ad in the same paper, because the reader associates independence with objectivity. Similarly, people are more likely to pay attention to news reports than to ads. For example, Women’s Wear Daily has both fashion reports and advertisements. Readers spend time reading the stories, but they skim through the ads. Furthermore, there may be 10 commercials during a half-hour television program or hundreds of ads in a magazine. Feature stories are much fewer in number and stand out clearly.Publicity also has some significant limitations. A firm has little control over messages, their timing, their placement, or their coverage by a given medium. It may issue detailed news releases and find only portions mentioned by the media, and media have the ability to be much more critical than a firm would like.For example, in 1982, Procter & Gamble faced a massive publicity problem over the meaning of its 123-year-old company logo. To fight this negative publicity, the firm had a spokesperson appear on Good Morning America to disprove the rumor (谣言). The false rumors were temporarily put to rest. However, in 1985, publicity became so troublemaking that Procter & Gamble decided to remove the logo from its products.A firm may want publicity during certain periods, such as when a new product is introduced or new store opened, but the media may not cover the introduction or opening until after the time it would aid the firm. Similarly, media determine the placement of a story; it may follow a report on crime or sports. Finally, the media decide whether to cover a story at all and the amount of coverage to be devoted to it.74. All of the following advantages of publicity are mentioned EXCEPT _________.A. time savingB. attentivenessC. credibilityD. profitability75. Compared with ad, news report or featuring stories are more _________.A. believableB. clearC. dependentD. subjective76. The example of “Procter & Gamble” is given to show __________.A. the efficient way of disproving rumorsB. the importance of a spokespersonC. the interaction between firms and mediaD. the negative effect of publicity77. What’s the author’s attitude towards publicity?A. doubtfulB. objectiveC. passiveD. supportiveSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)The death of languages is not a new phenomenon. Languages usually have a relatively short life span as well as a very high death rate. Only a few, including Egyptian, Chinese, Greek, Latin, have lasted more than 2,000 years.What is new, howe ver, is the speed at which they are dying out. Europe’s colonial conquests caused a sharp decline in linguistic diversity, eliminating at least 15 percent of all languages spoken at the time. Over the last 300 years, Europe has lost a dozen, and Australia has only 20 left of the 250 spoken at the end of the 18th century.The rise of nation-states has also been decisive in selecting and consolidating national languages and sidelining others. By making great efforts to establish an official language in education, the media and the civil service, national governments have deliberately tried to eliminate minority languages.This process of linguistic standardization has been boosted by industrialization and scientific progress, which have imposed new methods of communication that are swift, straightforward and practical. Language diversity came to be seen as an obstacle to trade and the spread of knowledge. Monolingualism became an ideal.More recently, the internationalization of financial markets, the spread of information by electronic media and other aspects of globalization have intensified the threat to “small” languages.A language not on the Internet is a language that “no longer exists” in the modern world. It is out of the game.The serious effects of the death of languages are evident. First of all, it is possible that if we all ended up speaking the same language, our brains would lose some of their natural capacity for linguistic inventiveness. We would never be able to figure out the origins of human language or resolve the mystery of “the first language”. As each language dies, a chapter of human history closes.Multilingualism is the most accurate reflection of multiculturalism. The destruction of the first will inevitably lead to the loss of the second. Imposing a language without any links to a people’s culture and way of life stifles the expression of their collective genius. A language is not only used for the main instrument of human communication. It also expresses the world vision of those who speak it, their imagination and their ways of using knowledge. To safeguard languages is an urgent matter.74. Which of the following does not contribute to the death of languages?A. Colonial conquests of Europe.B. The boom of human population.C. Advances in science and industrialization.D. The rise of nation-states.75. What does the underlined word “stifles” in Paragraph 7 probably mean?A. boostsB. fuelsC. imposesD. kills76. The serious effects of the death of languages include all except that____________.A. people would fail to understand how languages originated.B. language diversity would become an obstacle to globalization.C. monolingualism would lead to the loss of multiculturalism.D. human brains would become less creative linguistically.77. What is the author’s purpose of writing this passage?A. To explain the reasons why languages are dying out.B. To warn people of the negative aspects of globalization.C. To call people’s attention to the urgency of langua ge preservation.D. To argue how important it is for people to speak more languages.Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)The term culture now is more used to describe everything from the fine arts to the outlook of a business group or a sports team. In its original sense, however, culture includes all identifyingaspects of a racial group, nation, or empire: its physical environment, history, and traditions, its social rules and economic structure, and its religious beliefs and arts.The central beliefs and customs of a group are handed down from one generation to another. It is for this reason that most people regard culture as learned rather than innate. People acquire a culture because they are not born with one. The process by which a person develops a taste for regional foods, accented speech, or an outlook on the world over time, therefore, is known as enculturation (文化适应).Cultures are often identified by their symbols —images that are familiar and coated with meaning. Totem poles (图腾柱) carved with animals and creative figures suggest aspects of the Native American peoples of the Pacific Northwest but more literally represent specific tribes (部落). In Asia and India, the color of yellow is connected with temples while in ancient China it was a color only the emperor’s family was allowed to wear. Thus, different cultures may respond to a symbol quite differently. For example, to some a flag may represent pride, historical accomplishments, or ideals; to others, however, it can mean danger or oppression.To individuals unfamiliar with cultures outside their own, the beliefs, behaviors, and artistic expression of other groups can seem strange and even threatening. A society that ranks all other cultures against its own standards is considered to be ethnocentric(from the Greek ethnos, meaning “people,” and kentros, meaning “center”). A strongly ethnocentric society assumes also that what is different from its own culture is likely to be inferior and, possibly, wrong or evil.All people are ethnocentric to some degree, and some aspects of ethnocentrism, such as national pride, contribute to a well-functioning society. An appreciation for one’s own culture, however, does not prevent acceptance and respect for another culture. History documents the long-term vigour and success of multicultural groups in which people from numerous and various cultural backgrounds live and work together. Extreme ethnocentrism, in contrast, can lead to racism — the belief that it is race and racial origin that account for variations in human character or ability and that one’s own race is superior to all others.74. What does the word “innate” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?A. Instinctive.B. Developed.C. Believable.D. Cultivated.75. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Different interpretations of a symbol help to distinguish one culture from another.B. An ethnocentric country opens welcoming arms to cultures different from its own.C. Culture consists of some positive features of a racial group, nation or empire.D. People from various cultural backgrounds often reach an agreement on some image.76. What can be inferred from the passage?A. All aspects of ethnocentrism can produce negative effects on a society.B. Racism is unlikely to bring about serious conflicts among different cultures.C. Respect and acceptance of different cultures are a proper cultural attitude.D. Countries with a strong sense of national pride play a superior role in the world.77. Which might be the best title of the passage?A. Culture, the origin of racial superiorityB. Culture, a faithful mirror of historyC. Culture, the vigour of world developmentD. Culture, a distinctive identity of a nationSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Cultural Center Adds Classes for Young AdultsThe Allendale Cultural Center has expanded its arts program to include classes for young adults. Director Leah Martin announced Monday that beginning in September, three new classes will be offered to the Allendale community. The course titles will be Yoga for Teenagers; Hip Hop Dance: Learning the Latest Moves; and Creative Journaling for Teens: Discovering the Writer Within. The latter course will not be held at the Allendale Cultural Center but instead will meet at the Allendale Public Library.Staff member Tricia Cousins will teach the yoga and hip hop classes. Ms. Cousins is an accomplished choreographer (舞蹈教师) as well as an experienced dance educator. She has an MA in dance education from Teachers College, Columbia University, where she wrote a thesis on the pedagogical (教学法的) effectiveness of dance education. The journaling class will be taught by Betsy Milford. Ms. Milford is the head librarian at the Allendale Public Library as well as acolumnist for the professional journal Library Focus.The courses are part of the Allendale Cultural Center’s Project Teen, which was initiated by Leah Martin, Director of the Cultural Center. According to Martin, this project is a direct result of her efforts to make the center a more essential part of the Allendale community. Over the last several years, the number of people who have visited the cultural center for classes or events has steadily declined. Project Teen is primarily funded by a generous grant from The McGee Arts Foundation, an organization devoted to bringing arts programs to young adults. Martin oversees the Project Teen board, which consists of five board members. Two board members are students at Allendale’s Brookdale High Scho ol; the other three are adults with backgrounds in education and the arts.The creative journaling class will be cosponsored by Brookdale High School, and students who complete the class will be given the opportunity to publish one of their journal entries in Pulse, Brookdale’s student literary magazine. Students who complete the hip hop class will be eligible to participate in the Allendale Review, an annual concert sponsored by the cultural center that features local actors, musicians, and dancers. All classes are scheduled to begin immediately following school dismissal, and transportation will be available from Brookdale High School to the Allendale Cultural Center and the Allendale Public Library. For more information about Project Teen, contact the cul tural center’s programming office at 988-0099 or drop by the office after June 1 to pick up a fall course catalog. The office is located on the third floor of the Allendale Town Hall.74. Which of the following statements is correct?A. Tricia Cousins will teach two of the new classes.B. The new classes will begin on June 1.C. People who want a complete fall catalogue should stop by the Allendale Public Library.D. The cultural center’s annual concert is called Pulse.75. According to Leah Martin, what was the direct cause of Project Teen?A. Tricia Cousins was available to teach courses in the fall.B. Community organizations were ignoring local teenagers.C. The McGee Arts Foundation wanted to be more involved in Allendale’s arts programming.D. She wanted to make the cultural center a more important part of the Allendale community.76. Which of the following factors is implied as another reason for Project Teen?A. The number of people visiting the cultural center has declined over the last several years.B. The cultural center wanted a grant from The McGee Arts Foundation.C. The young people of Allendale have complained about the cultural center’s offerings.D. Leah Martin thinks classes for teenagers are more important than classes for adults.77. This article is organized in which of the following ways?A. In time order, from the past to the future.B. Most important information first, followed by background and details.C. Background first, followed by the most important information and details.D. As sensational news, with the most controversial topic first.Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)It was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamen tary debates, Australia’s Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. The measure passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on by way of the group’s online service, Death NET. Says Hofsess: “We posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isn’t just something that happened in Australia. It’s world history.”The full import may take a while to sink in. The NT Rights of the Terminally Ill Law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the hurry of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back.In Australia—where an aging population, life-extending technology and changingcommunity attitudes have all played their part—other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia (安乐死). In the US and Canada, where the right-to-die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes (多米诺骨牌) to start falling.Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult patient can request death — probably by a deadly injection or pill —to put an end to suffering. The patient must be diagnosed(诊断) as Termin ally Ill by two doctors. After a “cooling off” period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54-year- old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally Ill Law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition. “I’m not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but what I was afraid of was how I’d go, because I’ve watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks,” he says.73. Which of the following has the similar meaning to “But the tide is unlikely to turn back.”?A. What happened in Australia can change world history.B. It is impossible to pass the NT Rights of the Terminally Ill Law.C. Doctors are allowed by law to take the lives of the ill patients.D. That the Law has been passed probably can’t be changed.74. From the second paragraph we learn that __________.A. the objection to euthanasia is slow to come in other countriesB. physicians and citizens share the same view on euthanasiaC. changing technology is chiefly responsible for the hurry passage of the lawD. it takes time to realize the significance of the law’s passage75. By saying “observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling”, the author means__________.A. observers are taking a wait-and-see attitude towards the future of euthanasiaB. similar bills are likely to be passed in the U.S., Canada and other countriesC. observers are waiting to see the result of the game of dominoesD. the effect-taking process of the passed bill may finally come to a stop76. When Lloyd Nickson dies, he will __________.A. face his death with calm characteristic of euthanasiaB. experience the suffering of a lung cancer patientC. have an intense fear of terrible sufferingD. undergo a cooling off period of seven days77. The author’s attitude towards euthanasia seems to be that of __________.A. oppositionB. doubtC. approvalD. anxietySection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)The research carried out by the University of Bari in Italy could help clarify hospitals who are charged with wasting money on art and decoration as it suggests a pleasant environment helps patients overcome discomfort and pain.A team headed by Professor Marina de Tommaso at the Neurophysiopathology Pain Unit asked a group of men and women to pick the 20 paintings they considered most ugly and most beautiful from a selection of 300 works by artists such as Lenoardo da Vinci and Sandro Botticelli. They were then asked to watch either the beautiful paintings, or the ugly paintings, or a blank panel while the team struck a short laser pulse at their hand, creating a sensation as if they had been hurt by a pin. The subjects rated the pain as being a third less intense while they were viewing the beautiful paintings, compared with when considering the ugly paintings or the blank panel.Electrodes (电极) meas uring the brain’s electrical activity also confirmed a reduced response to the pain when the subject looked at beautiful paintings. While distractions(娱乐), such as music, are known to reduce pain in hospital, Prof de Tommaso says this is the first result to shoe that beauty plays a part. The findings, reported in New Scientist, also go a long way to show that beautiful surroundings could aid the healing process.“Hospitals have been designed to be functional, but we think that their aesthetic(审美能力)aspects should be taken into account too,” said the neurologist. “Beauty obviously offers adistraction that ugly paintings do not. But at least there is no suggestion that ugly surroundings make the pain worse. I think these results show that more research is needed into the how a beautiful environment can reduce suffering.”Pictures they liked included Starry Night by Vincent Van Gogh and Botticellis’ Birth of Venus. Pictures they found ugly included works by Pablo Picasso, the Italian 20th century artist Anonin o Bueno and Columbian Fernando Botero. “these people were not art experts so some of the pictures they found ugly would be considered masterpieces by the art world,” said Prof de Tommaso.74. According to the first paragraph, people didn’t approve_______________.A. hospitals spend money on medical equipmentB. hospitals decorate their rooms with works of artC. hospitals make their environment pleasant to patientsD. hospitals treat patients with works of art75. How did the researchers make the research?A. By asking the subjects to listen to music.B. By requiring the subjects to draw paintings.C. By ordering the subjects to choose which picture is beautiful and ugly.D. By aching the subjects’ hands while they are watch ing paintings.76. According to the research, when designing a hospital, we should consider its____________.A. convenient facilitiesB. functional operating roomC. pleasing environmentD. bright waiting room77. The best title for the passage may be___________________.A. Patients Don’t Like PicturesB .Arts Can Be Used As a MedicineC. Ugly Patients Feel Less PainD. Beautiful Art Can Ease PainSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C )We are not who we think we are.The American self-image is suffused with the golden glow of opportunity. We think of the United States as a land of unlimited possibility, not so much a classless society but as a place where class is mutable—a place where brains, energy and ambition are what counts, not the circumstances of one's birth.The Economic Mobility Project, an ambitious research initiative led by Pew Charitable Trusts, looked at the economic fortunes of a large group of families over time, comparing the income of parents in the late 1960s with the income of their children in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Here is the finding: "The 'rags to riches' story is much more common in Hollywood than on Main Street. Only 6 percent of children born to parents with family income at the very bottom move to the top.That is right, just 6 percent of children born to parents who ranked in the bottom fifth of the study sample, in terms of income, were able to bootstrap their way into the top fifth. Meanwhile, an incredible 42 percent of children born into that lowest quintile are still stuck at the bottom, having been unable to climb a single rung of the income ladder.It is noted that even in Britain-a nation we think of as burdened with a hidebound class system-children who are born poor have a better chance of moving up. When the three studies were released, most reporters focused on the finding that African-Americans born to middle-class or upper middle-class families are earning slightly less, in inflation-adjusted dollars, than did their parents.One of the studies indicates, in fact, that most of the financial gains white families have made in the past three decades can be attributed to the entry of white women into the labor force. This is much less true for African-Americans.The picture that emerges from all the quintiles, correlations and percentages is of a nation in which, overall, "the current generation of adults is better off than the previous one", as one of the studies notes.The median income of the families in the sample group was $55,600 in the late 1960s; their。

上海市虹口区2014届高考英语一模试题（附答案）

上海市虹⼝区2014届⾼考英语⼀模试题（附答案）上海市虹⼝区2014届⾼三第⼀学期期终教学质量监控测英语试题考⽣注意：1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。

2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（第1—9页）和第Ⅱ卷（第10页），全卷共10页。

所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（⾮选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上⼀律不得分。

3．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反⾯清楚地填写姓名。

第I卷(共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Kate. B. Anna. C. Jane. D. Mary.2. A. 205. B. 155. C. 145. D. 215.3. A. Malaysia. B. Korea. C. Japan. D. Singapore.4. A. A doctor. B. A professor. C. A guide. D. A businessman.5. A. She hasn’t a dictionary. B. She is not sure how to read the word.C. She has looked the word up in the dictionary.D. She is going to buy a dictionary.6. A. To live in the country. B. To live in a big city alone.C. To live with her parents.D. To live in a big city.7. A. Buying another bicycle. B. Buying a used bicycle.C. Buying a new bicycle.D. Not buying a bicycle.8. A. There’s something wrong with the bus. B. He’s in the hospital.C. It’s going in the wrong direction.D. He missed the bus.9. A. Please sit down. B. She doesn’t want the man to sit with her.C. She’ll mind if he sits down.D. It doesn’t matter whether he sits down or not.10. A. To draw a picture. B. To open the window.C. To look at somebody.D. To take a photo with the camera.Section BDirections In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Sunny. B. Cloudy. C. Freezing. D. Wet.12. A. Two to four feet. B. Three feet. C. Seven feet. D. Two to three feet.13. A. A gallery. B. An exhibit. C. A device. D. A Coffee Shop.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. A certificate. B. A sofa. C. A visit to a dog hotel. D. A spa (⽔疗).15. A. By reviewing a vet’s certificate. B. By collecting information from witnesses.C. By checking the photographs.D. All of the above.16. A. Because she is dying. B. Because she is too old to move forward.C. Because she suffers from joint problems.D. Because she usually has spa at home.Section CDirections In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections Read the following two passages. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.(A)After the birth of my second child, I got a job at a restaurant. Having worked with _____25_____ experienced waitress for a few days, I was allowed to wait tables on my own. All went well that first week. When Saturday night came, I _____26_____ (give) the tables not far from the kitchen. However, I still felt it a little hard to carry the heavy trays(托盘).The restaurant was full of people _____27 _____I could realize that. I moved slowly, and minded every step. I remember how happy I was when I saw the tray stand near the tables; It had nice handles, _____28_____ (make) it easier to move around. I was pleased with everything and began to believe I was a natural at this job.Then, an old man came to me and said, “Excuse me, dear, my wife and I loved watching you work. _____29_____ seems that your tray stand has been very useful to you, but we are getting ready to leave now, and my wife _____30_____ wait to take her walker back.”At first his message did not get across. “What was he talking about!”Then, I got it. I _____31_____(set) my trays on his wife’s orthopedic walker(助步器). My face was on fire. I wanted to get into a hole and hide.Since then, I’ve learned that sometimes there’s no point _____32_____ (be) too sure of myself.(B)There are a variety of techniques used to bring about success in selling. Here are the most important ones _____33_____ are often mentioned by successful salespeople.Find out _____34_____ your customers’real wants and needs are. Listen as they tell you their favours.Know all about your product and what it can do for your customers. Product knowledge is a “must”in personal selling because it createsconfidence, builds enthusiasm, and makes the situation more professional. Lay emphasis on the unique advantage of your product _____35_____ others.Take a confident attitude in selling your product. It is _____36_____(effective) when the salesperson says, “May I help you”than when he or she says “You wouldn’t like to see our model, _____37_____you?”Prepare yourself _____38_____(deal) with objections. If the customer says the price is too high, you might reply, “Yes, the price may be a little higher than _____39_____(plan). However, actually, you will save money _____40_____ high quality of this product.”D on’t disagree with your customer in any case when he or she says the price is too high.Use praise wisely.Section BDirections Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Television watching is an activity which is known to be harmful to health and is distinct from getting too little exercise. But a new study suggests its damaging effects may even _____41_____ alongside those from smoking and obesity(肥胖). Researchers who studied television viewing habits in Australia calculated that people who watch for a(n) _____42_____ of six hours a day shorten their life expectancy(预期寿命) by almost five years. They based their calculations on data on the _____43 _____between television viewing and death from the Australian obesity and lifestyle study which involved 11,000 adults aged 25 and over. Applying these findings to the whole population over 25, who are estimated to have watched 9.8 billion hours of TV in 2008, they concluded that it _____44_____ for 286,000 years of life lost — equivalent to 22 minutes for each hour watched. By _____45_____, smoking one cigarette is estimated to shorten life expectancy by 11 minutes — equivalent to half an hour of TV watching.Writing in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, the authors from the University of Queensland, say the figures suggest “huge loss of life may be_____46_____ with too much TV viewing.” The UK and other industrialized countries are likely to be similarly affected “given the typically large amounts of time spent watching TV and the similarities in disease patterns.” The researchers add “If these figures are_____47_____ and shown to reflect a cause and effect relationship, TV viewing is a public health problem comparable in size to established behavioral risk factors.”Researchers from Taiwan University found even those who did as little as 92 minutes’exercise a week —equivalent to 15 minutes a day for six days a week —reduced their _____48_____ of death by 14 per cent. Even this small amount of exercise could _____49_____ one in six of all deaths —similar to the effects of a stop-smoking programme. Each _____50_____ 15 minutes a day reduced the death rate by a further 4 per cent.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.To understand how Americans think about things, it is necessary to understand “the point”. Americans mention it often “Let’s get right to the point”, they will say “My point is …”“What’s the point of all this?”The “point”is the _____51_____ or piece of information that Americans suppose is, or should be, _____52_____ of people’s thinking, writings, and spoken comments. Speakers and writers are supposed to ”make their points clear”, _____53_____ that they are supposed to say or write clearly the idea or piece of information they wish to _____54_____.People from many other cultures have different ideas about the _____55_____. Africans traditionally tell stories that express the _____56_____ they have in mind, rather than stating out “the point”clearly. Japanese traditionally speak _____57_____, leaving the listener to _____58_____ what the point is. _____59_____, while an American might say to a friend, “I don’t think that coat goes very well with the rest of your outfit”, a Japanese might say, “Maybeanother coat would look even _____60_____ than the one you have on.”Americans _____61_____ a person who “gets right to the point”. Japanese are likely to consider such a person lacking thoughtfulness and sympathy if not _____62_____.The Chinese and Japanese languages are characterized by vagueness and ambiguity(模棱两可). The precision and directness Americans associate with “the point” cannot be _____63_____, at least not with any grace, in Chinese and Japanese. Speakers of those languages thus have to _____64_____ a new way of reasoning and expressing their ideas _____65_____ they are going to communicate satisfactorily with Americans.51. A. word B. idea C. place D. time52. A. at the center B. on the basis C. on the part D. beyond the reach53. A. thinking B. explaining C. meaning D. stating54. A. discuss B. remember C. express D. criticize55. A. point B. information C. reasons D. feelings56. A. comments B. meanings C. secret D. thought57. A. frankly B. indirectly C. reluctantly D. truly58. A. figure out B. search for C. make up D. look over59. A. Otherwise B. However C. Moreover D. Thus60. A. tighter B. better C. thicker D. longer61. A. value B. forgive C. punish D. insult62. A. sensitive B. foolish C. rude D. loyal63. A. corrected B. achieved C. changed D. explained64. A. learn B. consider C. suggest D. decide65. A. although B. because C. until D. ifSection BDirections Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)When you are little, it’s not hard to believe you can change the world. I remember my enthusiasm when, at the age of 12, I addressed the delegates at the Rio Earth Summit. “I am only a child,” I told them. “Yet I know that if all the money spent on war was spent on ending poverty and finding environmental answers, what a wonderful place this would be. In school you teach us not to fight with others, to work things out, to respect others, to clean up our mess, not to hurt other creatures, to share, not to be greedy. Then why do you go out and do the thing you tell us not to do? You grown-ups say you love us, but I challenge you, please, to make your actions reflect your words.”I spoke for six minutes and received a standing ovation. Some of the delegates even cried. I thought that maybe I had reached some of them, that my speech might actually spur(激励) action. Now, a decade from Rio, after I’ve sat through many more conferences, I’m not sure what has been accomplished. My confidence in the people in power and in the power of an individual’s voice to reach them has been deeply shaken.When I was little, the world was simple. But as a young adult, I’m learning that as we have to make choices —education, career, lifestyle —life gets more and more complicated. We are beginning to feel pressure to produce and be successful. We are taught that economic growth is in progress, but aren’t taught how to pursue a happy, healthy or sustainable(可持续的) way of living. And we are learning that what we wanted for the future when we were 12 was ideal and innocent.Today I’m no longer a child, but I’m worried about what kind of environment my children will grow up in. I know change is possible, because I am changing, still figuring out what I think. I am still deciding how to live my life. The challenges are great, but if we accept individual responsibility and make sustainable choices, we will rise to the challenges, and we will become part of the positive tide of change.66. The purpose of what the writer said at the age of 12 was to _____.A. end poverty and make school beautifulB. find environmental answers and keep the words that they always told themselvesC. end poverty and solve the problems about environmentD. find a wonderful place and clean it up67. What does the underlined word “ovation” in the second paragraph refer to _____.A. a long period of laughingB. a warm welcomeC. an expression used for greetingD. a long period of clapping and applause68. It becomes clear that the writer is possibly _____ now.A. in his teensB. in his twentiesC. in his thirtiesD. in his forties69. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. the writer thinks what he thought at the age of 12 is mature.B. the writer’s children will certainly live in an ideal environment.C. the writer’s confidence in the people in power has deeply shaken their voice.D. the writer’s belief does not change when he grows up.(B)70. Zeo is a revolution in the science of sleep mainly because it _____.A. can record one’s sleep processB. is the first product to manage one’s sleepC. is free of medical risksD. provides access to sleep fitness websites71. What is the most remarkable feature of Zeo?A. Its direct contact with sleep scientists.B. Its individualized coaching program.C. Its effectiveness in curing sleep disorders.D. Its immediate analysis of sleep data.70. What customer service does Zeo provide?A. Cheap online tools.B. A 30-day action plan.C. Personalized bedside display.D. Free delivery of the product.71. The passage is primarily written to _____.A. encourage people to try the new productB. instruct people how to use a newtoolC. provide the latest health informationD. illustrate the importance of good sleep habit(C)Although websites such as Facebook and MySpace experienced rapid growth during the middle of the first decade of the 21st century, some users remain unaware of the fact that the information they post online can come back to haunt them. First, employers can monitor employees who maintain a blog, photo diary, or website. Employers can look for controversial(引起争议的) employee opinions, sensitive information disclosures, or wildly inappropriate conduct. For example, a North Carolina newspaper fired one of its features writers after she created a blog on which she wrote about the strange things of her job and coworkers without signing her real name.The second unintended use of information from social networking websites is employers who check on prospective employees. A June 11, 2006 New York Times article reported that many companies use search engines and social networking websites such as MySpace, Xanga, and Facebook to conduct background checks on college campuses. Although the use of MySpace or Google to check a student’s background is somewhat unsettling to many undergraduates, the Times noted that the use of Facebook is especially shocking to students who believe that Facebook is limited to current students and recent alum(校友).Corporate employers are not the only people interested in college students’ lives. The third unintended use of social networking websites is college administrators who monitor the Internet — especially Facebook — for student bad behavior. For example, a college in Boston’s Back Bay expelled (除名) its student Government Association President for joining a Facebook group highly critical of a campus police sergeant. In addition, fifteen students at a state university in North Carolina faced charges in court for underage drinking because of photos that appeared on Facebook. Although more users of websites such as Facebook are becoming aware of the potential dangers of online identities, many regular users still fail to take three basic security precautions(警惕). First, only make your information available to a specific list of individuals whom you approve. Second, regularly search for potentially harmful information about yourself that may have been posted by mistake or by a disgruntled(不满的) former associate. Third, never post obviously offensive material under your name or on your page, because, despite the best precautions, this material will likely make its way to the wider world. By taking these simple steps, members of the digital world can realize the many benefits of e-community without experiencing some of the damaging unintended consequences.74. The main purpose of the passage is to _____.A. explain the growth of the digital world from the view of privacyB. discuss the risks of the digital world and suggest ways to protect yourselfC. propose steps Facebook, MySpace, and Google can take to protect user privacyD. illustrate potential unintended uses of private information75. The writer implies that users should take all of the following actions to protect their online privacy EXCEPT _____.A. know to whom you make your online information availableB. actively hunt for damaging information posted about you or under your nameC. speak with employers to inform them of any misinformation published about youD. avoid uploading information that would be extremely damaging if it were discovered76. According to the passage, which of the following does the author imply?A. Information obtained unwillingly from the Internet is permitted in court.B. It is impossible to protect yourself from unintended uses of information online.C. Even if you restrict who can view your data, the government may still access it.D. Done properly, posting offensive information about oneself brings no risk.77. In the last paragraph the author mainly _____.A. offers detailed examples to support previous viewpointsB. further explores the ill-effects of the Internet on the protection of privacyC. summarizes the points of the above paragraphsD. provides suggestions to overcome the previously mentioned problemsSection CDirections Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.New technology links the world as never before. Our plant has shrunk. It’s now a “global village” where countries are only seconds away by fax or phone satellite link. And, of course, our ability to benefit from this high-tech communications equipment is greatly enhanced by foreign language skills.Deeply involved with this new technology is a breed of modern business people who have a growing respect for the economic value of doing business abroad. In modern markets, success overseas often help support domestic business efforts.Overseas assignments are becoming increasingly important to advancement within executive ranks. The executive stationed in another country no longer need fear being “out of sight and out of mind.” He or she can be sure that the overseas effort is central to the company’s plan for success, and that promotions often follow or accompany an assignment abroad. If an employee can succeed in a difficult assignment overseas, superiors will have greater confidence in his or her ability to cope back in the United States where cross-cultural considerations and foreign language issues are becoming more and more prevalent(流⾏的).Thanks to a variety of relatively inexpensive communications devices with business applications, even small businesses in the United States are able to get into international markets.English is still the international language of business. But there is an ever-growing need for people who can speak another language. A second language isn’t generally required to get a job in business, but having language skills gives a candidate the edge when other qualifications appear to be equal.The employee posted abroad who speaks the country’s principal language has an opportunity to fast-forward certain negotiations, and can have the cultural insight to know when it is better to move more slowly. The employer at the home office who can communicate well with foreign clients over the telephone or by fax machine is an obvious asset to the firm.(Note Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN SIX WORDS.)78. In this passage, “out of sight and out of mind”in paragraph 3 probably means ________________.79. What is the author’s attitude toward high-tech communications equipment?80. According to the passage, what is an important consideration of international corporations in employing people today?81. The advantage of employees having foreign language skills is that they can __________________.第II卷(共47分)I. TranslationDirections Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 不努⼒我们是很容易落伍的。

解析版2014-2004高考英语阅读理解C篇

高考英语阅读理解C篇2014全国一卷A typical lion tamer(驯兽师) in people’s mind is an entertainer holding a whip (鞭) at a chair. The whip gets all of theAnd it seems that my friend is not the only one. Approximately two thirds of people have lied about reading a book which they haven’t .In the World Book Day’s “Report on 第65题关键字Guilty Secrets”, Dreams From My Father is at number 9. The report lists ten books, and various authors, which people have lied about reading, and as I’m not one to lie too often (I’d hate to be caught out), I’ll admit here and now that I haven’t read the entire top ten. But I am pleased to say that, unlike 42 percent of people, I have read the book at number one, George Orwell’s 1984.I think it’s really brilliant.The World Book Day report also has some other interesting information in it. It says that many people lie abouthaving read Jane Austen, Charles Dickens, Fyodor Dostoevsky (I haven’t read him,but haven’t lied about it either) andspeaking to. This could be tricky if the conversation became more in –depth!But when asked which authors they actually enjoy, people named J. k. Rowling, John Grisham, Sophie Kinsella (Ah, theour lives we would be experiencing the excitement of be ing “film Stars”!64. Who is the author? 选项不长，先看选项。

2014年上海市各区一模英语卷新题型汇编

II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Read the following passage and complete it with proper words or the proper form of given words.(A)In ancient times the most important examinations were spoken, not written. In the schools of ancient Greece and Rome, testing usually consisted of saying poetry aloud or 25 (give) speeches.In the European universities of the Middle Ages, students working for advanced degrees had to discuss questions in their field of study with people who had made a special study of the subject.Generally, 26 , modern examinations are written. The written examination, 27 all students are tested on the same questions, was probably not known 28 the nineteenth century. Perhaps it came into existence with the great increase 29 population and the development of modern industry. A room full of candidates for a state examination, 30 (time) exactly by electric clocks and carefully watched over by managers, appears like a group of workers at an automobile factory. Certainly, during examinations teachers and students 31 (expect) to act like machines.One type of test is sometimes called as "objective" test. 32 is intended to deal with is facts, not personal opinions. To make up an objective test the teacher writes a series of questions, each of which has only one correct answer. Along with each question the teacher writes the correct answer and also three statements that look like answers to students who have not learned the material properly.(B)Computer technology has become a major part of people's lives. This technology has its own special words. One example is the word mouse. A computer mouse is not a small animal that livesfront of a computer. The mouse moves the pointer, or cursor, on the computer screen.(call) hackers. A hacker is usually a person who writes software programs in a special computer language. But the word hacker is also used to describe a person who tries to steal information from computer systems.popular "search engine" for the Internet. People use the search engine to find information aboutin mathematics, googol, spelled g-o-o-g-o-l, is an extremely large number. It is the number one followed by one-hundred zeros.When you "Google" a subject, you can get a large amount of information about it. Someon the Internet.(shorten) name for a Web log. A blog is a personal Web page. It may contain stories, comments,day. People who have blogs are called bloggers.Section A25. giving 26. however 27.where 28.until 29 in 30. timed 31. are expected32 .what33. That 34. Using 35. are called 36.Another 37.because 38. how 39.shortened 40. toII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)One day I heard two girls talking about making net friends in a café. One said that she (25) ______ (meet) one of her net friends and the other told her not to because most people found their net friends (26) ______ (disappoint) in real life.We all know it is quite common now that many teenagers, especially (27) ______ from one-child families, like to make net friends and spend lots of time chatting with them because they need someone to talk with and share their sorrow and happiness. However, is it wise for them to do so?In my opinion, it is possible for you to find some real good friends with the help of new technology but you (28) ______ ______ take care. When you talk with someone unknown on the Internet, you have no idea at all what kind of person he is and (29) ______ he is telling you the truth. Besides we can‘t deny that some bad guys mask themselves very well so that they can get many nice people (30) ______ (trap). So, you‘re taking the risk of meeting your net friends (31) ______ you get any idea about him. In a word, you can never be too careful when meeting your net friends.(B)Perhaps one aspect of modern life which is most often considered ‗annoying‘ i s noise. According to some estimates, the amount of urban noise (32) ______ (double) in the past ten years, and with the increase in road and air traffic, noise is likely to increase too.Noise quite clearly affects the health of modern man. It is a health threat. Loud noise (33) ______ (say) to be a leading cause of deafness among many people over 65. It is also a major (34) ______ (contribute) factor in causing stress, (35) ______ itself causes a variety of illnesses.Noise is sometimes associated with lack of communication in the modern world. In many busy shops, factories and nightclubs, (36) ______ level and constancy of noise make conversation at a natural level difficult or impossible.Certain people in society, such as motorcyclists, seem to believe they have a right (37) ______ (make) as much noise as they like without being fined. Do they?We are so trained to noise in this modern world (38) ______ people growing up with little (39)______ no experience of genuine peace and quiet have begun to associate silence with boredom. Isn‘t it time for us to start teaching young people that silence is golden and that you can do a lot of interesting things (40) ______ the accompaniment of noise?II. Grammar and Vocabulary25. would meet/ was going to meet 26. disappointing 27. those 28. have to/ ought to 29. whether/ if 30. trapped 31. before/ unless 32. has doubled 33. is said 34. contributing 35. which 36. the37. to make 38. that 39. or 40. withoutII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Gordon was hungry. He opened the refrigerator, 25_____ there used to be much food before his wife left him. There must be 26_____ in here to eat, he thought. Now, however, there was a single hot dog.After 27_____ (take) it out of its package, he put a small frying pan onto the stove’s gas burner. He turned on the heat. Then he poured a little bit of vegetable oil into the pan. He sliced the hot dog in half lengthwise. 28_____ the oil got hot, he put the two halves in the pan. About 29_____ minute later, he flipped each half over. After another minute, he took the hot dog out of the pan.Gordon put two slices of bread into the toaster. This was tasty and healthy bread. The first ingredient 30_____ (list) was organic sprouted wheat. The first ingredient in ordinary bread is usually unbleached flour.When the toast popped up, he put mustard, mayonnaise, and ketchup on one slice. Then he added two slices of onion. 31_____ top of the onions, he placed the hot dog. On top of the hot dog, he put a couple of slices of apple. Then he added some bits of hot green chile, and then put the top piece of toast onto the chile bits.Ahh, 32_____ a sandwich, he thought, as he sat down 33_____ (eat).(B)Sara needed to see the doctor. She had an upset stomach. She felt bloated, and needed to pass gas every minute or so. This was terrible. She 34_____ hardly go anywhere in public.Her friends told her it was 35_____ she had moved to America. The air, water, and food in America weren't agreeing with her. They said she would have to return to her home country."No way," Sara said. She didn't want to go home. She liked America. This was a minor problem, she was sure. Any good doctor would solve it in no time. Two days later, she saw her doctor. He asked her if she drank milk. She said yes, three glasses a day."Don't drink any 36_____ (much) regular milk. Start drinking lactose-free milk, because lactose can upset your stomach."Then he asked her 37_____ there were any big problems in her life. She said that her boyfriend was a big problem. He wanted to get married, 38_____ she didn't. The doctor said thatshe should break up with her boyfriend and find 39_____."Why?" Sara asked."Because your boyfriend 40_____ (give) you too much stress. He is probably the main cause of your upset stomach.""I don't think my boyfriend is going to like that.""Just tell him if he really loves you, he should leave you."Section A(A) 25. where 27. something 28. taking 29. When/After 30. a/one 31.listed 32. On 33. what 34. to eat(B) 35. could 36. because 37. more 37. if 38. but 39. another 40. is giving Section ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.( A )As a student, I get so many assignments every day. I have to stay up late in order to finish all my homework. I used to complain about all this pressure (25) school with my classmates. We did not appreciate our teachers for their hard work. We only (26) (know) that we got a lot of homework.After a few months, we did not complain about homework anymore (27) we knew that our teachers worked (28) (hard) than we did. We had no right to complain. Sometimes, we said, “I didn’t go to bed until 12:00 o’clock last night. Now I just want to sleep.” Our teacher would answer us, “I go to bed at 1:00 a.m. every day.” Since we knew how hard teachers work, we started to appreciate them. To give our thanks, we wrote a big card to the teachers (29) it was teachers’ day. When they got our card, they (30) (touch) because their students finally knew the teachers’ effort.After giving the card, I realized (31) powerful the sentence “thank you” is. When we give our thanks to somebody, the world is full of love. I sa y “thank you” to my friends, family, classmates, teachers, and even strangers. I like to see the smiles on their faces, so (32) (say) “thank you” every day is the way I make the world a better place.( B )The year before last, a new superhero landed on Earth to live among humans. When people needed help, Thor became their defender and saved (33) world. People loved Thor and the actor who played him — Chris Hemsworth.Hemsworth was born in Melbourne, Australia, in 1983. His family moved between M elbourne and the Northern Territory. In the Northern Territory, Hemsworth’s parents worked on a cattle station. The work required the family (34) (live) two hours from the nearest big city. Since they had no TV, Hemsworth and his brothers learned to entertain (35) . They played outside, (36) (build) weapons and forts (堡垒). Later the family settled on Philip’s Island south of Melbourne (37) Hemsworth enjoyed surfing.In 2012, Hemsworth played Thor again in the film The Avengers. He was one of a group of superheroes (38) (assemble) to save planet Earth. That film earned $1 billion worldwide injust 19 days! He also starred in (39) is called Snow White and the Huntsman. Audiences (40) ____ seem to get enough of him! A second Thor film, Thor 2, is due out in 2013.21. educational background 22. Singapore Airlines 23. sales promotion 24. attend college courses 25. from 26. knew 27. because 28. harder 29. when 30. were touched 31. how 32. saying 33. the 34. to live 35. themselves 36. building 37. where 38. assembled 39. what 40. can’tDirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)A friendly dog named Bonnie, who also happens to be deaf, is being praised by her owner for(25) _____(help) him catch a suspected intruder in their home.Dan Strasser said he heard Bonnie running around the living room at about 6 a.m. Saturday, so he got out of bed to see (26) _____ she was so excited. He said zhucanqi Bonnie didn‘t bark or bite like a guard dog, but (27) _____ she behaved was enough to alert him.When Strasser walked into the living room, he caught the intruder (28) _____(try) to steal his computer. The man took off, but instead of running out of the back door (29) _____ he came in, he accidentally ran into the garage and (30) _____(seize) there.Strasser grabbed his gun and held the intruder in the garage while his girlfriend called 911. Police showed up and arrested the intruder, whom they later identified (31) _____ Thomas Lowell, who was accused in court Monday of burglary (入室行窃) and possession of drug. He is due back in court on Oct. 2nd.Strasser said Lowell got in through the P.F. Productions back door, which he kept open at night so that Bonnie (32) _____ get into the backyard. He plans to keep it (33) _____(lock) from now on.(B)The first-ever American Laughing Championship is taking place in San Diego. The contest is the first national championship in the US, (34) _____ Canadian filmmaker, Albert Nerenberg, has previously organized national laughing contests in Canada and Japan and a state championship in California back in 2010. The contest requires the chosen laughers to face off against each other as the audience determines who has (35) _____(attractive) laugh. Daunte Reed is one of about twelve people competing in the contest. He is hoping to be a winner of the title of top laugher. ―I‘ve been told I have (36) _____ attractive laugh. (37)_____ doesn‘t take much to make me laugh,‖ Reed said.The contest includes the belly laugh, the crazy laugh and the diabolical (魔鬼般的) laugh. The last one is the most challenging, according to Nerenberg, who said the goal is (38) _____(make) the audience laugh with your laugh. The solo (单独的) laughing requires a pfzhizuo good voice. However, the other laugh styles require someone to get the audience laughing; a good diabolical laugh requires the laugher to infect himself and start laughing naturally,‖ he explained.―The person who wins isn‘t always the best, but the top three people are always the best. It is more joy (39) _____ these people bring to the world. They tend to P.F. Productions be happy types. We (40) _____(never have) a sad person win so f ar,‖ he added.II. Grammar and Vocabulary（共26分。

2014上海徐汇区高考英语一模试题(附答案)-推荐下载

2014学年第一学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三英语学科 2014.1第I 卷I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a drugstore. B. In a café. C. In a garage. D. In a grocery.2. A. 5 hours. B. 7 hours. C. 9 hours. D. 10 hours.3. A. To cancel his trip. B. To go to bed early.C. To catch the later flight.D. To ask for a morning call.4. A. Tom was killed in the accident. B. Someone saved Tom’s life.C. It did little damage to Tom’s car.D. Tom survived the accident.5. A. By air. B. By bus. C. By train. D. By car.6. A. Librarian and student. B. Boss and secretary.C. Customer and shop assistant.D. Publisher and salesman.7. A. It’s worth the price. B. It’s high in quality.C. Its price is too high.D. It’s well made.8. A. She is going to work in her brother’s firm.B. She plans to major in tax law.C. She studies in the same school as her brother.D. She isn’t going to work in her brother’s firm.9. A. Frank. B. Rude. C. Determined. D. Sensitive.10. A. The man has finished his project.B. The man is willing to help the woman.C. The man will let Bob chat with the woman.D. The man is losing patience with the woman.1 / 10Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. He learned it in a special school. B. He had a lot of practice in his spare time.C. He got it through constant watching.D. He was once caught by a signalman.12. A. In Kansas City. B. At Fillan. C. At Omar. D. At Missouri.13. A. Angry. B. Excited. C. Frightened. D. Surprised.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. The young Americans think reading less important than computer and science.B. The majority of young American find reading boring and old-fashioned.C. Most young Americans believe that reading is very important.D. The majority of Americans find reading more stimulating than computers and science.15. A. Novels and stories. B. Mysteries and detectives.C. Science fiction.D. Cultural and traditional books.16. A. Reading up-to-date books and magazines. B. Listening to music.C. Watching TV.D. Going to librariesSection CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will beread twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blankswith the information you hear.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Dr. Catani’s research :IPad generation are going to have less vocabulary than 17_____generation.Reasons:Children have 18_______ to the Internet, mobile phones and tabletcomputers, which are visual rather than auditory.Listening, 19_______ and conversation are vital to learning language.According to Dr.Catani’s research,Solutions:To maintain the 20_______tradition of passing knowledge byspending less time on device and talking more with children.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD OR NUMBER for each answer.2 / 10Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.What does Sharon do?She 21__________the animals in studios andsells prints online.Why does Sharon never get scared while snapping animals like lions and bears?Because she has confidence and 22_________ can totally distract her from anything around.What does Sharon have to do when taking apicture of some animals like chicks and cats?She has to capture proper 23__________.What are the tricky parts that people wouldn’t expect?It is a lot of work plus 24___________ that comes with any creative pursuit.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Gordon was hungry. He opened the refrigerator, 25_____ there used to be much food before his wife left him. There must be 26_____ in here to eat, he thought. Now, however, there was a single hot dog.After 27_____ (take) it out of its package, he put a small frying pan onto the stove’s gas burner. He turned on the heat. Then he poured a little bit of vegetable oil into the pan. He sliced the hot dog in half lengthwise. 28_____ the oil got hot, he put the two halves in the pan. About 29_____ minute later, he flipped each half over. After another minute, he took the hot dog out of the pan.Gordon put two slices of bread into the toaster. This was tasty and healthy bread. The first ingredient 30_____ (list) was organic sprouted wheat. The first ingredient in ordinary bread is usually unbleached flour.When the toast popped up, he put mustard, mayonnaise, and ketchup on one slice. Then he added two slices of onion. 31_____ top of the onions, he placed the hot dog. On top of the hot dog, he put a couple of slices of apple. Then he added some bits of hot green chile, and then put the top piece of toast onto the chile bits.Ahh, 32_____ a sandwich, he thought, as he sat down 33_____ (eat).(B)Sara needed to see the doctor. She had an upset stomach. She felt bloated, and needed to pass gas every minute or so. This was terrible. She 34_____ hardly go anywhere in public.Her friends told her it was 35_____ she had moved to America. The air, water, and food in America weren't agreeing with her. They said she would have to return to her home country."No way," Sara said. She didn't want to go home. She liked America. This was a minor problem, she was sure. Any good doctor would solve it in no time. Two days later, she saw her doctor. He asked her if3 / 10she drank milk. She said yes, three glasses a day."Don't drink any 36_____ (much) regular milk. Start drinking lactose-free milk, because lactose can upset your stomach."Then he asked her 37_____ there were any big problems in her life. She said that her boyfriend was a big problem. He wanted to get married, 38_____ she didn't. The doctor said that she should break up with her boyfriend and find 39_____."Why?" Sara asked."Because your boyfriend 40_____ (give) you too much stress. He is probably the main cause of your upset stomach.""I don't think my boyfriend is going to like that.""Just tell him if he really loves you, he should leave you."Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. investmentsB. enoughC. unconditionalD. degreeE. loyaltyF. backG. relevantH. doublyI. commitmentJ. promotedK. demonstrateAlthough many companies offer tuition repayment, most companies only repay employees for classes that are 41_____ to their position. This is a very limiting policy. A company that repays employees for all college credit courses—whether job related or not—offers a service not only to the employees, but to the entire company.One good reason for giving employees 42 _____ tuition repayment is that it shows the company’s commitment to its employees. In today’s economy, where job security is a thing of the past and employees feel more and more expendable, it is important for a company to 43 _____ to its employees that it cares. The best way to do this is with concrete 44 _____ in them. In turn, this commitment to the betterment of company employees will create greater employee 45_____. A company that puts out funds to pay for the education of its employees will get its money 46_____ by having employees stay with the company longer. It will reduce employee turnover, because even employees who don’t take advantage of the tuition repayment program will be more loyal to their company just knowing that their company cares 47_____ to pay for their education. Most importantly, the company that has an unrestricted tuition repayment program will have higher quality employees. Although these companies do indeed run the risk of losing money on employees who go on to another job in a different company as soon as they get their 48_____, more often than not, the employee will stay with the company.And even if employees do leave after graduation, it generally takes several years to complete any degree program. Thus, even if the employee leaves upon graduating, throughout those years, the employer will have a more sophisticated, more intelligent, and therefore more valuable and productive employee. And, if the employee stays, that education will 49_____ benefit the company: Not only is the employee more educated, but now that employee can be 50_____ so the company doesn’t have to fill a high-level vacancy from the outside. Open positions can be filled by people who already know the company well. Though unconditional tuition repayment requires a significant investment on the employer’s part, it is perhaps one of the wisest investments a company can make.4 / 10III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Anyone planning to go camping or hiking should first learn to recognize poison ivy, 51_____ this plant can cause a rash resulting in reddened skin, an annoying itch, and painful blisters. A severe 52_____ can even force a person to remain in bed or become hospitalized. The best way to 53_____ these discomforts is to avoid the plant.Fortunately this plant is easy to 54_____. Whether it grows as a bush or a vine, the shape of it is always 55_____. Each leaf stalk has three glossy leaves, usually with jagged edges. In early spring the leaves are red, turning. And then the autumn comes, the leaves 56_____ to become bright red or orange. The poison ivy plant is found 57_____ everywhere in North America. Because many birds eat its berries, its seeds are 58_____ distributed. The plant loves the sun and flourishes along beaches, in fields, and by roadsides. It also grows 59_____ in light shade and is often found in parks and pine forests. However, in thick woods the story is different. It is not 60_____ there. That is because the leaves of the trees block out the sun, which the plant needs to grow.The poison in poison ivy is in the form of an oil that is in all parts of the plant. It is extremely 61_____. Merely touching the plant is enough contact for a person to be infected by the 62_____. Touching clothing or shoes that have brushed against the plant can also cause a rash and blisters. Even the smoke from a fire where poison ivy is burning can cause the skin poisoning.A person who makes 63_____ with the plant should wash all infected areas with a strong laundry soap as soon as possible. Clothes that have come in contact with the 64_____ should be dry cleaned or washed in soap and water. There is one good way to prevent the 65_____. Stay away from the plant!( )51. A. since B. so C. therefore D. then( )52. A. cold B. cough C. case D. accident( )53. A. keep B. prevent C. protest D. cut( )54. A. forget B. grow C. fertilize D. recognize( )55. A. the same B. various C. beautiful D. ugly( )56. A. become B. change C. get D. avoid( )57. A. barely B. always C. usually D. almost( )58. A. widely B. narrowly C. practically D. strongly( )59. A. very poor B. very good C. quite well D. quite worse( )60. A. supported B. discovered C. watered D. disturbed( )61. A. deep B. high C. catching D. beautiful( )62. A. oil B. part C. form D. contact( )63. A. combination B. contact C. access D. soap( )64. A. smoke B. fire C. plant D. clothing( )65. A. poisoning B. weeding C. growing D. seeding5 / 10Section BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Dear Lee,As I told you, I’ll be gone until Wednesday morning. Thank you so much for taking on my “children” while I’m away. Like real children, they can be kind of irritating sometimes, but I’m going to enjoy myself so much more knowing they’re getting some kind human attention. Remember that Regina (the “queen” in Latin, and she acts like one) is teething. If you don’t watch her, she’ll chew anything, including her sister, the cat. There are plenty of chew toys around the house. Whenever she starts gnawing on anything illegal, just divert her with one of those. She generally settles right down to a good hour-long chew. Then you’ll see her wandering around whimpering with the remains of the toy in her mouth. She gets really frustrated because what she wants is to bury the thing. She’ll try to dig a hole between the cushions of the couch. Finding that unsatisfactory, she’ll wander some more, discontent, until you solve her problem for her. I usually show her the laundry basket, moving a few clothes so she can bury her toy beneath them. I do sound like a parent, don’t I? You have to understand, my own son is practically grown up.Regina’s food is the Puppy Chow in the utility room, where the other pet food is stored. Give her a bowl once in the morning and once in the evening. No more than that, no matter how much she begs. Beagles(猎犬) are notorious overeaters, according to her breeder, and I don’t want her to lose her girlish figure. She can share Rex (the King’s) water, but be sure it’s changed daily. She needs to go out several times a day, especially last thing at night and first thing in the morning. Let her stay out for about ten minutes each time, so she can do all her business. She also needs a walk in the afternoon, after which it’s important to romp with her for awhile in the yard. The game she loves most is fetch, but be sure to make her drop the ball. She’d rather play tug of war with it. Tell her, “Sit!” Then, when she does, say, “Drop it!” Be sure to tell her “good girl,” and then throw the ball for her. I hope you’ll enjoy these sessions as much as I do.Now, for the other two, Rex and Paws… (letter continues)66.The tone of this letter is best described as _____.A. chatty and humorousB. logical and preciseC. confident and trustingD. humble and preachy67.The information in the note is sufficient to determine that there are three animals. They are _____.A. two cats and a dogB. three dogsC. a dog, a cat, and an unspecified animalD. a cat, a dog, and a parrot68.From the context of the note, it is most likely that the name “Rex” is _____.A. SpanishB. EnglishC. FrenchD. Latin69.If the sitter is to follow the owner’s directions in playing fetch with Regina, at what point will he or shetell Regina “good girl”?A. Every time Regina goes after the ball.B. After Regina finds the ball.C. When Regina brings the ball back.D. After Regina drops the ball.6 / 10(B)I was born under the Blue Ridge, and under that side which is blue in the evening light, in a wild land of game and forest and rushing waters. There, on the borders of a creek that runs into the Yadkin River, in a cabin that was chinked with red mud, I came into the world a subject of King George the Third, in that part of his realm known as the province of North Carolina.The cabin smelt very strongly of corn-pone and bacon, and the odor of pelts. It had two shakedowns(临时床铺), on one of which I slept under a bearskin. A rough stone chimney was raised outside, and the fireplace was as long as my father was tall. There was a crane in it, and a bake kettle; and over it great buckhorns held my father’s rifle when it was not in use. On other horns hung jerked bear’s meat and venison hams, and gourds for drinking cups, and bags of seed, and my father’s best hunting shirt; also, in a neglected corner, several articles of woman’s clothing. These once belonged to my mother. Among them was a gown of silk, of a fine, faded pattern, which I always wondered. The women at the Cross-Roads, twelve miles away, were dressed in coarse butternut wool and huge sunbonnets. But when I questioned my father on these matters he would give me no answers.My father was—how shall I say what he was? To this day I can only surmise many things of him. He was a Scotchman born, and I know now that he had a slight Scotch accent. At the time of which I write, my early childhood, he was a frontiersman and hunter. I can see him now, with his hunting shirt and leggins (绑腿) and moccasins（莫卡辛鞋）; his powder horn, engraved with wondrous scenes; his bullet pouch and tomahawk and hunting knife. He was a tall, lean man with a strange, sad face. And he talked little except when he drank too many “horns,” as they were called in that country. These little bad behaviors of my father’s were a permanent source of wonder to me—and, I must say, of delight. They occurred only when a passing traveler who hit his fancy chanced that way, or, what was almost as rare, a neighbor. Many a winter night I have lain awake under the skins, listening to a flow of language that held me spellbound, though I understood scarce a word of it.“Virtuous(有德行的) and vicious(罪恶的) every man must be,Few in the extreme, but all in a degree.”The chance neighbor or traveler was no less struck with wonder. And many the time have I heard the query, at the Cross-Roads and elsewhere, “Whar Alec Trimble got his larnin’?”70.The mention of the dress in the second paragraph is most likely meant to _____.A. show the similarity between its owner and other members of the communityB. show how warm the climate wasC. show the dissimilarity between its owner and other members of the communityD. give us insight into the way most of the women of the region dressed71.Judging by the sentences surrounding it, the underlined word “surmise” in the third paragraph mostnearly means _____.A. to form a negative opinionB. to praiseC. to desireD. to guess72.Why did the narrator enjoy it when his father drank too many “horns,” or drafts of liquor?A. The father spoke brilliantly at those times.B. The boy was then allowed to do as he pleased.7 / 10C. These were the only times when the father was not abusive.D. The boy was allowed to sample the drink himself.73.What is the meaning of the lines of verse (诗句) quoted in the passage?A. Men who pretend to be virtuous are actually vicious.B. Moderate amounts of virtuousness and viciousness are present in all men.C. Virtuous men cannot also be vicious.D. Whether men are virtuous or vicious depends on the difficulty of their circumstances.(C)Cultural Center Adds Classes for Young AdultsThe Allendale Cultural Center has expanded its arts program to include classes for young adults. Director Leah Martin announced Monday that beginning in September, three new classes will be offered to the Allendale community. The course titles will be Yoga for Teenagers; Hip Hop Dance: Learning the Latest Moves; and Creative Journaling for Teens: Discovering the Writer Within. The latter course will not be held at the Allendale Cultural Center but instead will meet at the Allendale Public Library.Staff member Tricia Cousins will teach the yoga and hip hop classes. Ms. Cousins is an accomplished choreographer (舞蹈教师) as well as an experienced dance educator. She has an MA in dance education from Teachers College, Columbia University, where she wrote a thesis on the pedagogical(教学法的) effectiveness of dance education. The journaling class will be taught by Betsy Milford. Ms. Milford is the head librarian at the Allendale Public Library as well as a columnist for the professional journal Library Focus.The courses are part of the Allendale Cultural Center’s Project Teen, which was initiated by Leah Martin, Director of the Cultural Center. According to Martin, this project is a direct result of her efforts to make the center a more essential part of the Allendale community. Over the last several years, the number of people who have visited the cultural center for classes or events has steadily declined. Project Teen is primarily funded by a generous grant from The McGee Arts Foundation, an organization devoted to bringing arts programs to young adults. Martin oversees the Project Teen board, which consists of five board members. Two board members are students at Allendale’s Brookdale High School; the other three are adults with backgrounds in education and the arts.The creative journaling class will be cosponsored by Brookdale High School, and students who complete the class will be given the opportunity to publish one of their journal entries in Pulse, Brookdale’s student literary magazine. Students who complete the hip hop class will be eligible to participate in the Allendale Review, an annual concert sponsored by the cultural center that features local actors, musicians, and dancers. All classes are scheduled to begin immediately following school dismissal, and transportation will be available from Brookdale High School to the Allendale Cultural Center and the Allendale Public Library. For more information about Project Teen, contact the cultural center’s programming office at 988-0099 or drop by the office after June 1 to pick up a fall course catalog. The office is located on the third floor of the Allendale Town Hall.74.Which of the following statements is correct?A. Tricia Cousins will teach two of the new classes.8 / 10B. The new classes will begin on June 1.C. People who want a complete fall catalogue should stop by the Allendale Public Library.D. The cultural center’s annual concert is called Pulse.75.According to Leah Martin, what was the direct cause of Project Teen?A. Tricia Cousins was available to teach courses in the fall.B. Community organizations were ignoring local teenagers.C. The McGee Arts Foundation wanted to be more involved in Allendale’s arts programming.D. She wanted to make the cultural center a more important part of the Allendale community.76.Which of the following factors is implied as another reason for Project Teen?A. The number of people visiting the cultural center has declined over the last several years.B. The cultural center wanted a grant from The McGee Arts Foundation.C. The young people of Allendale have complained about the cultural center’s offerings.D. Leah Martin thinks classes for teenagers are more important than classes for adults.77.This article is organized in which of the following ways?A. In time order, from the past to the future.B. Most important information first, followed by background and details.C. Background first, followed by the most important information and details.D. As sensational news, with the most controversial topic first.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Automation refers to the introduction of electronic control and automatic operation of productive machinery. It reduces the human factors, mental and physical, in production, and is designed to make possible the manufacture of more goods with fewer workers. The development of automation in American industry has been called the “Second Industrial Revolution”.Labour’s concern over automation arises from uncertainty about the effects on employment, and fears of major changes in jobs. In the main, labour has taken the view that resistance to technical change is unfruitful. Eventually, the result of automation may well be an increase in employment, since it is expected that vast industries will grow up around manufacturing, maintaining, and repairing automation equipment. The interest of labour lies in bringing about the transition with a minimum of inconvenience and distress to the workers involved. Also, union spokesmen emphasize that the benefit of the increased production and lower costs made possible by automation should be shared by workers in the form of higher wages, more leisure, and improved living standards.To protect the interests of their members in the era of automation, unions have adopted a number of new policies. One of these is the promotion of supplementary unemployment benefit plans. It is emphasized that since the employer involved in such a plan has a direct financial interest in preventing unemployment, he will have a strong drive for planning new installations so as to cause the least possible problems in jobs and job assignments. Some unions are working for dismissal pay agreements, requiring that permanently dismissed workers be paid a sum of money based on length of service. Another approach is the idea of the “improvement factor”, which calls for wage increases based on increases in productivity.9 / 10It is possible, however, that labour will rely mainly on reduction in working hours in order to gain a full share in the fruits of automation. (in no more than 8 words)78.Automation makes it possible to ________________________________________.79.At first, two things people worried about automation were ____________________________.80.According to union spokesmen, the workers benefit from automation in terms of________________________________________________________.81.What is the last passage mainly talking about?________________________________.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in No More Than Ten Words.)第II 卷I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.格林先生本周日要去拜访一位朋友，此人精通理财之道。

上海市虹口区2014届高三英语一模试卷(含答案及听力文字对外版)

9. A. Her doorbell doesn’t need repair. C. The man has just arrived on time.
B. She
expect him to come so early.
D. It is the right time for her.
10. A. He’s una. He’s to remove the virus.
,
tone and manner from information _______ (deliver) to a group of your friends.
Furthermore,
_______ talented the speaker is, a talk without enough
is
usually _______ failure. To speak without
once. When you a question, P.F. Productions read the four possible answers on your paper
and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have .
3. A. Informative.
B. Difficult.
C. Funny.
D. Dull.
4. A. Send leaflets.
B. Do
. C. Go
. D. Visit a lawyer.
5. A. The lady’s room is a bit far.
B. She has to sign her name before

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试题汇编·2014高三英语一模·阅读C篇试题分类宝山Happiness can be described as a positive mood and a pleasant state of mind.According to recent polls(民意调查), sixty to seventy percent of Americans consider themselves to be moderately happy and one in twenty persons feels very unhappy.Psychologists have been studying the factors that contribute to happiness.It is not predictable,nor is a person in an apparently ideal situation necessarily happy.The ideal situation may have little to do with his actual feelings.A good education and income are usually considered necessary for happiness.Though both may contribute,they are only chief factors if the person is seriously undereducated or actually suffering from lack of physical needs.The rich are not likely to be happier than the middle-income group or even those with very low incomes.People with college educations are somewhat happier than those who did not graduate from high school,and it is believed that this is mainly because they have more opportunities to control their lives.Yet people with a high income and a college education may be less happy than those with the same income and no college education.Poor health does not rule out happiness except for the severely disabled or those in pain.Learning to cope with a health problem can contribute to happiness.Those who have good relationship with other family members are happier than those who live alone.Love has a higher correlation with happiness than any other factors.It should be noted that people quickly get used to what they have,and they are happiest when they feel they are increasing their level no matter where it stands at a given time.Children whose parents were happily married have happier childhoods,but are not necessarily happier adults.The best formula(准则)for happiness is to be able to develop AQ(Adversity Quotient that can be of great benefit when running into trouble),to have a personal involvement and commitment,and to develop self-confidence and self-esteem.74.It can be inferred from the passage that_____.A.happiness is neither predictable nor apparentB.a person in an apparently ideal situation must be happyC.the rich are not likely to be happier than the middle-income groupD.happiness is not necessarily connected to one’s situation in society75.According to the article,happiness is greatly dependent upon_____.A.a happy childhood in which one can do whatever he likesB.great wealth with which one can buy anythingC.a feeling that conditions are becoming for the betterD.a college degree that can help one achieve great success76.The letters AQ in the last paragraph most probably mean_____.A.ambition to defeat others in a severe competitionB.ability to overcome difficulty and get out of embarrassing situationC.methods of solving difficult problems and challenges in lifeD.attitudes towards severe competition especially in trouble77.The best title of this passage may be_____.A.What Does Happiness Consist inB.Happiness and UnhappinessC.Different Kinds of HappinessD.Causes of Happiness and Unhappiness长宁The term culture now is more used to describe everything from the fine arts to the outlook of a business group or a sports team.In its original sense,however,culture includes all identifying aspects of a racial group,nation,or empire:its physical environment,history,and traditions,its social rules and economic structure,and its religious beliefs and arts.The central beliefs and customs of a group are handed down from one generation to another.It is for this reason that most people regard culture as learned rather than innate.People acquire a culture because they are not born with one.The process by which a person develops a taste for regional foods,accented speech,or an outlook on the world over time, therefore,is known as enculturation(文化适应).Cultures are often identified by their symbols—images that are familiar and coated with meaning.Totem poles(图腾柱)carved with animals and creative figures suggest aspects of the Native American peoples of the Pacific Northwest but more literally represent specific tribes(部落).In Asia and India,the color of yellow is connected with temples while in ancient China it was a color only the emperor’s family was allowed to wear.Thus,different cultures may respond to a symbol quite differently.For example,to some a flag may represent pride,historical accomplishments,or ideals;to others, however,it can mean danger or oppression.To individuals unfamiliar with cultures outside their own,the beliefs,behaviors,and artistic expression of other groups can seem strange and even threatening.A society that ranks all other cultures against its own standards is considered to be ethnocentric(from the Greek ethnos,meaning“people,”and kentros,meaning“center”).A strongly ethnocentric society assumes also that what is different from its own culture is likely to be inferior and,possibly,wrong or evil.All people are ethnocentric to some degree,and some aspects of ethnocentrism,such as national pride,contribute to a well-functioning society.An appreciation for one’s own culture,however,does not prevent acceptance and respect for another culture.History documents the long-term vigour and success of multicultural groups in which people from numerous and various cultural backgrounds live and work together.Extreme ethnocentrism,in contrast,can lead to racism —the belief that it is race and racial origin that account for variations in human character or ability and that one’s own race is superior to all others.74.What does the word“innate”in Paragraph2most probably mean?A.Instinctive.B.Developed.C.Believable.D.Cultivated.75.Which of the following is true according to the passage?A.Different interpretations of a symbol help to distinguish one culture from another.B.An ethnocentric country opens welcoming arms to cultures different from its own.C.Culture consists of some positive features of a racial group,nation or empire.D.People from various cultural backgrounds often reach an agreement on some image.76.What can be inferred from the passage?A.All aspects of ethnocentrism can produce negative effects on a society.B.Racism is unlikely to bring about serious conflicts among different cultures.C.Respect and acceptance of different cultures are a proper cultural attitude.D.Countries with a strong sense of national pride play a superior role in the world.77.Which might be the best title of the passage?A.Culture,the origin of racial superiorityB.Culture,a faithful mirror of historyC.Culture,the vigour of world developmentD.Culture,a distinctive identity of a nation黄浦Publicity offers several benefits.There are not costs for message time or space.An ad in prime-time television may cost $250,000to$5,000,000or more per minute,whereas a five-minute report on a network newscast would not cost anything. Publicity reaches a mass audience within a short time and new products or company policies are widely known.Credibility about messages is high,because they are reported in independent media.A newspaper review of a movie has more believability than an ad in the same paper,because the reader associates independence with objectivity.Similarly, people are more likely to pay attention to news reports than to ads.For example,Women’s Wear Daily has both fashion reports and advertisements.Readers spend time reading the stories,but they skim through the ads.Furthermore,there may be10commercials during a half-hour television program or hundreds of ads in a magazine.Feature stories are much fewer in number and stand out clearly.Publicity also has some significant limitations.A firm has little control over messages,their timing,their placement,or their coverage by a given medium.It may issue detailed news releases and find only portions mentioned by the media,and media have the ability to be much more critical than a firm would like.For example,in1982,Procter&Gamble faced a massive publicity problem over the meaning of its123-year-old company logo.To fight this negative publicity,the firm had a spokesperson appear on Good Morning America to disprove the rumor(谣言).The false rumors were temporarily put to rest.However,in1985,publicity became so troublemaking that Procter&Gamble decided to remove the logo from its products.A firm may want publicity during certain periods,such as when a new product is introduced or new store opened,but the media may not cover the introduction or opening until after the time it would aid the firm.Similarly,media determine the placement of a story;it may follow a report on crime or sports.Finally,the media decide whether to cover a story at all and the amount of coverage to be devoted to it.74.All of the following advantages of publicity are mentioned EXCEPT_____.A.time savingB.attentivenessC.credibilityD.profitabilitypared with ad,news report or featuring stories are more_____.A.believableB.clearC.dependentD.subjective76.The example of“Procter&Gamble”is given to show_____.A.the efficient way of disproving rumorsB.the importance of a spokespersonC.the interaction between firms and mediaD.the negative effect of publicity77.What’s the author’s attitude towards publicity?A.doubtfulB.objectiveC.passiveD.supportive嘉定Are you an optimist?Do you look at your glass and see it as half full?Do you believe that every cloud has a silver lining and that things generally turn out for the best?Do you believe that if something is meant to be,it will be?If you reply “yes”to all of these questions,then you are an optimist.You probably are enthusiastic,cheerful and outgoing.You may be successful at work and in love.But you may be misguided because things don’t turn out for the best.You may believe that when one door closes another one opens(for example,you may fail to obtain a new job;another chance will come around soon).Wrong.When one door closes,another door slams(砰然关上)in your face.That’s bitter reality.Now a book has been published which confirms what pessimists(悲观者)have suspected all along.It’s called The Positive Power of Defensive Pessimism.Its author argues that defensive pessimism can lead to positive results.Defensive pessimism is a strategy used to manage fear,anxiety and worry.Defensive pessimists prepare for the things by setting low outcomes for themselves.They carefully consider everything that may go wrong and plan for ways to handle these problems. And this gives them a sense of wrence Sanno,a psychology professor,says,“What’s interesting about defensive pessimists is that they tend to be very successful people,so their low opinion of the situation’s outcomes is not realistic. They use it to motivate themselves to perform better.”So far,so good.This is not rocket science.Defensive pessimists prepare carefully and consider what might go wrong, whether at work,on date or even in a sports game.It makes sense to have a back-up plan.There are many sayings in English urging caution.For example,“Don’t put all your eggs in one basket.”And“Don’t count your chickens until they hatch.”Tohave a confident and optimistic approach to life’s problems is good.But listen to what Woody Alien,the American comedian says,“Confidence is what you have before you understand the problem.”There are pros and cons（利与弊）to being an optimist and a pessimist.Don’t feel bad if you see the glass half empty. You are a realist.But lighten up and hook up with someone who sees the same glass half full.74.What’s the passage mainly about?A.The benefits of defensive pessimism.B.A book that has recently been published.C.The dangers of being too optimistic.D.How to become successful in life.75.The underlined sentence“This is not rocket science”(Para.4)means__________.A.there is no real proofB.it is quite simple to understandC.the cost is not so highD.it’s not a dangerous thing to do76.Which of the following English expressions would a defensive pessimist believe?A.Whatever will be,will be.B.The glass is half full not half empty.C.Don’t put all your eggs in one basket.D.Every cloud has a silver lining.77.We can infer from the passage that the writer is probably__________.A.a realistB.an optimistC.a defeatistD.a scientist金山One picture in the Wonder Book of knowledge I had as a little boy showed a man reading a book while floating in the Dead Sea.What a miracle!How would it feel to lie back in water so thick with salt that it was impossible to sink?Fed by the Jordan River and smaller streams,the Dead Sea is the lowest point on the earth’s surface,and its water is ten times saltier than the Mediterranean.With evaporation its only outlet,salt and other minerals become super-concentrated.Earlier this year,I drove down the long,steep hill to realize my dream.The shoreline was a broad area of bare salt-mud, but the water edge was far out of sight.Had somebody pulled the Dead Sea’s plug?I wondered.Eli Dior,an Israeli official, explained the problem:“The Dead Sea is drying up.Every year,the surface drops about one meter,and as the water level falls,shadow areas are left high and dry.”Over the last half-century,the five neighboring countries have collectively diverted nearly all the water flowing into the Dead Sea to meet human and agriculture needs.Result:the Dead Sea is being emptied.With population in the region set to double at least in the next50years,there is little hope of restoring the water being diverted for human consumption.No country has a drop to spare for the Dead Sea,where they know it will just evaporate. To dream of opening the dams and restoring natural balance is plainly unrealistic.Yet one ambitious high-tech dream may turn out to be not only the salvation of the Dead Sea but also a ticket to peace around its shores.The“Red-Dead”is a proposed$5billion project to bring sea water some240kilometers by pipeline and canal from the Red Sea to the Dead Sea.The Red-Dead may be the only solution,but even if the project is carried out successfully,the Dead Sea will be10to20meters lower than now and two thirds of its current size.Whatever the future holds,the Dead Sea’s magical mix of sun,mud,sea and salt will surely survive.Many might complain that the Dead Sea is half empty—but for me the Dead sea will always be half full.74.What’s the passage mainly about?A.Dead Sea—miracle of the world.B.Save the environment of the Dead Sea.C.Slow shrinking of the Dead Sea.D.Why is the Dead Sea so salty.75.The shrinking of the Dead Sea is mainly caused by_________according to the passage.A.a severe reduction of the water flowing into the sea.B.rapid evaporation of the water in the Dead Sea area.C.the increasing quantity of water drawn from the sea.D.very low annual rainfall in the Dead Sea Area.76.Which of the following is right according to the passage?A.With no outlet to any ocean,the Dead Sea has become by evaporation the saltiest on earth.B.Though burdened with the growing population,the neighboring countries haven’t cut off the sources of the Dead Sea.C.All the countries in the area will consider diverting less water from the Jordan River.D.The Red-Dead Project has not only brought water to the Dead Sea,but peace to the area as well.77.Which of the following statements will the author approve of?A.If the Dead Sea dried up,great natural disasters would happen in the region.B.The Dead Sea will not survive no matter what people do to save it.C.The five neighboring countries should stop diverting water from the Jordan River.D.Though the Dead Sea is shrinking gradually,it will not die.闵行It was3:45in the morning when the vote was finally taken.After six months of arguing and final16hours of hot parliamentary debates,Australia’s Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die.The measure passed by the convincing vote of15to10.Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up,half a world away,by John Hofsess,executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada.He sent it on by way of the group’s online service,Death NET.Says Hofsess:“We posted bulletins all day long,because of course this isn’t just something that happened in Australia.It’s world history.”The full import may take a while to sink in.The NT Rights of the Terminally Ill Law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications.Some have breathed sighs of relief,others,including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association,bitterly attacked the bill and the hurry of its passage.But the tide is unlikely to turn back.In Australia—where an aging population,life-extending technology and changing communityattitudes have all played their part—other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia(安乐死).In the US and Canada,where the right-to-die movement is gathering strength,observers are waiting for the dominoes (多米诺骨牌)to start falling.Under the new Northern Territory law,an adult patient can request death—probably by a deadly injection or pill—to put an end to suffering.The patient must be diagnosed(诊断)as Terminally Ill by two doctors.After a“cooling off”period of seven days,the patient can sign a certificate of request.After48hours the wish for death can be met.For Lloyd Nickson, a54-year-old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer,the NT Rights of Terminally Ill Law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering:a terrifying death from his breathing condition.“I’m not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view,but what I was afraid of was how I’d go,because I’ve watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks,”he says.73.Which of the following has the similar meaning to“But the tide is unlikely to turn back.”?A.What happened in Australia can change world history.B.It is impossible to pass the NT Rights of the Terminally Ill Law.C.Doctors are allowed by law to take the lives of the ill patients.D.That the Law has been passed probably can’t be changed.74.From the second paragraph we learn that__________.A.the objection to euthanasia is slow to come in other countriesB.physicians and citizens share the same view on euthanasiaC.changing technology is chiefly responsible for the hurry passage of the lawD.it takes time to realize the significance of the law’s passage75.By saying“observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling”,the author means__________.A.observers are taking a wait-and-see attitude towards the future of euthanasiaB.similar bills are likely to be passed in the U.S.,Canada and other countriesC.observers are waiting to see the result of the game of dominoesD.the effect-taking process of the passed bill may finally come to a stop76.When Lloyd Nickson dies,he will__________.A.face his death with calm characteristic of euthanasiaB.experience the suffering of a lung cancer patientC.have an intense fear of terrible sufferingD.undergo a cooling off period of seven days77.The author’s attitude towards euthanasia seems to be that of__________.A.oppositionB.doubtC.approvalD.anxiety普陀Moocs(massive open online courses)are free,but without tutoring,and are open to anyone,anywhere in the world. The courses are flexible–normally three to five hours of study a week–done at any time,short(5to10weeks)and video-rich.They are also heavily dependent on crowd sourcing:you can discuss a course with fellow students through online forums,discussion boards and peer review.Students don't have to finish the courses,pass assessments or do assignments,but,if they do,they get a certification of participation.The Open University launched FutureLearn,the UK's answer to US platforms such as Coursera,EdX and Udacity, which have been offering Moocs from top US universities for the past two years.The response has been incredible,with more than three million people registering worldwide.Meanwhile,in2012,Edinburgh University became the first non-US institution to join Coursera's partnership,comprising13universities.“We already run50online master's degrees,so this was a logical expansion,”says Professor Jeff Haywood,Edinburgh's vice-principal.“It's an investment in teaching methods research.How am I going to teach introductory philosophy to100,000people?That's what I call educational R&D.”He adds“If you look ahead10years,you'd expect all students graduating to have taken some online courses,so you've got to research that.Our Moocs are no more in competition with our degrees than a lifelong learning course because they don't carry credits.”Cooperation is key,Haywood stresses.It is far better to offer20-30courses in your own areas of expertise(专门技能) and let other institutions do likewise.Professor Mike Sharples,FutureLearn's academic lead,goes further:“We've tied the elements available before into a package of courses offered by leading universities worldwide on a new software platform, with a new way of promoting it and also a new social-learning teaching method.You won't just receive an exam,but be able to discuss and mark each other's assignments.”Bath University,one of more than20universities working with FutureLearn,launches its first course,Inside Cancer, next January,and regards Moocs as a way of breaking down age barriers."There's no reason why someone doing GCSEs should not look at our Moocs and get quite a way through them,or someone at PhD level and beyond,"says Professor Bernie Morley,expert for learning and teaching.74.Moocs have these features EXCEPT that_______.A.Moocs are free of charge for anyoneB.Moocs can be adjusted according to people’s learning paceC.Moocs provide teachers’instructions if you have some difficultyD.Moocs have a platform for learns to share their learning experience75.The response to FutureLearn has been thought to be unbelievable because______.A.all the courses on the platform are available to anyone in the worldB.Edinburgh University became the first non-US institution to join itC.the number of people registering in the platform is beyond expectationD.students can get a certification of participation without passing assessments76.What can be inferred from Professor Bernie Morley in the last paragraph?A.People with various learning levels will probably show interest in Moocs.B.People at PhD level have already known everything about Moocs.C.Inside Cancer will be the most popular course for someone doing GCSEs.D.Moocs are not so competitive as lifelong learning courses due to the problems of credits.77.The passage mainly deals with_____.A.the various opinions on FutureLearnB.the advantages of online teaching methodsC.the popularity of no-credit coursesD.the emergence of a new learning platform青浦If you see a group of people dancing and singing on the street or in the railway station,you don’t need to feel surprised. They are a flash mob.Don’t be confused by their name.Actually,a flash mob,organized with the help of the Internet or other digital communications networks,is a group of people who assemble suddenly in a public place,do something unusual for a period of time,such as exchanging books,coming together to look at the sky,waving their hands and shouting something at the top of their lungs for30seconds,and then quickly disappear before the police can arrive.Bill Wasik,senior editor of Harper’s Magazine,organized the first flash mob in Manhattan in May2003and the first successful flash mob assembled on June3,2003at Macy’s department store involving100people gathering on Macy’s Department Store.Following this,about200people flooded the lobby of the Hyatt hotel,applauding in one voice for fifteen seconds,and next participants pretending to be tourists on a bus trip invaded a shoe boutique in Soho.A later mob saw hundreds of people in Central Park making bird noises.Wasik claimed that he created flash mobs as a social experiment designed to tease hipsters(追逐时尚的人),and highlight the cultural atmosphere of agreement and of being part of“the next big thing”.Many Web logs,chat rooms and Web groups are devoted to the craze.Though flash mobs were originally regarded as pointless,the concept has already developed for the benefit of political and social events.Flash mobbing takes advantage of the efficiency of communicating information on Websites and by email,and protesters can similarly use the“on and off”concept to be involved in political events.Such flash mob gatherings can sometimes shock or frighten people who are not aware of what is taking place.They also have enormous economic potential,such as using flash mobs to advertise a product.The flash mob is now becoming more and more popular.People use it to do many things.For example,in2009, hundreds of Michael Jackson’s fans took part in a flash mob to remember him,gathering outside the railway station in Liverpool,singing and dancing Michael’s famous song Beat It together.In another example,some people took part in a flash mob to warn people against negative words.Flash mobs give people from all walks of life an opportunity to come together to create a memory.74.The purpose of flash mobs created by Wasik is to__________.A.make flash mobs a social experiment with political,social and economic potentialB.give people an opportunity to assemble and perform some distractionC.make fun of hipsters and emphasize the cultural atmosphere of agreement and participationD.make communicating information efficient and help people create a memory75.People took part in the following activities of flash mobs except that__________.A.they pretended to take a bus trip and invaded a shoe shop in SohoB.they got together in central Park and played birdsongC.they gathered upon the railway station in Liverpool,singing Beat It and dancingD.they assembled in the department store and applauded together for15seconds76.Which of the following could most possibly be a flash mob according to the passage?A.Sixteen people get together quickly on the square and do jumping and singing and leave there suddenly.B.A group of people are busy giving out leaflets of a limousine of a brand to those walking in front of them.C.Some tourists plan for months and go mountaineering on the first day of Horse Year.D.Protesters from different factories sit for days in front of the city hall for low wage.77.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A.Flash mob:the political potentialB.Flash mob:the pop cultureC.Flash mob:the source of informationD.Flash mob:the short-term memory松江Scientists have long believed one way to stop the Earth’s atmosphere from warming is by planting more trees.The idea is that more trees will take in or absorb some of the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.Carbon dioxide is a gas released by cars,factories and other human activities.The gas traps heat in the Earth’s atmosphere,which warms the planet. However,two new studies have found that trees may not be as helpful in reducing carbon dioxide as thought.The first study was done at Duke University in Durham,North Carolina.Researchers pumped extra carbon dioxide into a test area where pine trees were growing.The trees grew thirty-four percent faster during the first three years.However,in time,the trees slowed to about their normal growth rate.The scientists say this is because trees need other nutrients,such as nitrogen.In the second study,researchers from Duke and Bowdoin College in Brunswick,Maine examined the soil around trees. They discovered that as the leaves broke down into the soil,all the carbon was not trapped in the soil.Much of it was released into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide.The findings of the two studies were published last month in Nature magazine.They suggest there is limited value in planting trees to reduce the carbon dioxide pollution in the atmosphere.Forest planting has been a part of negotiations on a world agreement to reduce greenhouse gases that scientists believe cause global warming.The United States,Canada,Japan and some other industrial countries have supported the idea.But。