听力

Summary
For years men and women have been getting married. When a man and a woman get married, it is one of the biggest decisions they will make in life. A man may select a woman because he, in hi s own eyes, sees her as the "just-right" wife for him. Every man has his own definition of what th e "just-right" wife is. For instance, the millionaire man and the poor man both may define their "ju st-right" wife according to her physical qualities but use different words. Although some men defi ne the "just-right' wife by her physical qualities, other men describe their "just-right" wife by her a thletic qualities. Both the outdoors man and the inside sportsman may define their "just-right" wife by her sports qualities but in two different atmospheres. Men from all nationalities also have their definitions of the "just-right" wife. But the Italian man's definition is different from the French ma n's. And similarly, the German man's definition is different from the Spanish man's.
The Family
I. Functions of family A. Providing necessities of life B. Offering affectionate joys C. Raising chil dren to adulthood D. Giving protection in times of emergency
II Patterns of family A. Extended family -- uncles, aunts, cousins and in-laws B. Nuclear family -- a husband, wife and their children C. Polygamous household- a husband, several wives and their children D. Divided residence -- husband and wife living separately with children raised by mothe r's brother E. Nayar way of living -- brothers and sisters and sisters' children F. Communal living g roup- persons not biologically related III Factors influencing family structure A. Economic conditi ons e.g. No aid from society or state -- extended family B. Industrialization and urbanization e.g. Creation of many specialized jobs -- nuclear family C. Inheritance customs e.g. 1. Property inherit ed by eldest son 2. Property inherited by all of sons
Americans at Work I. Introduction II American workforce A. Distributions B. Working women 1. Working females aged 16 and over -- 58% 2. Mothers with children under 18 -- 67% III. Work ethic A. Definition of strong work ethic B. Most Americans -- with a strong work ethic C. Reason for not working harder -- not feeling they will benefit from the work
University Life ( I ) I. Diverse student population A. Age B. Socioeconomic backgrounds C. Raci al and ethnic minorities D. Foreign student population II. Undergraduate school A. Course syllabu s 1. Number of classes per semester: 5 2. Class time per week. 15 hrs ( + 2 or 3 for lab) 3. Class si ze a. Introductory class: + 100 b. Discussion group: 15 -- 20 c. Language class: much smaller 4. Teacher-student relationship: informal, friendly 5. Assignments: reading + other work 6. Preparing hours for class: 2 -- 3 hrs: 1 hr
University Life (II) II. Undergraduate school A. Course syllabus B. Student academic obligations 1. Assignments 2. Examinations 3. Paper 4. Quizzes C. Attendance policies -- regular attendance I II. Graduate school A. Students: highly qualified and highly motivated B. Much more independent work C. Seminars 1. Reading widely on topics 2. Preparing for thorough discussion D. Working i ndependently in some area of interest and making presentations E. Writing a research paper Outline I. Home schooling -- one of the fastest growing trends in American education Definition: parents teaching children at home instead of sending them off to school II. People taking part in home schooling A. Those taking part 1. Twenty years ago: mainly some people who rejected formal education 2. Today: many people from mainstream America B. Number of home schooling students 1. A decade ago: 300,000 2. Today: 1,500,000 III. A specific example about Jean Forbes and her boy IV. Major arguments against home schooling A. Standards set by state laws being too relaxed 1. No teacher's certificate or undergraduate degree required 2. Only 26 states requiring an
annual standardized test B. Lack of socialization V. Future of home schooling in Patricia Wines' view: slowly gaining broad acceptance A. The Gallup poll: ratings going up to support people's right to try home schooling though most Americans still do not really approve of it as an educational method B. Media stories becoming more favorable VI. Percentage of home-schooled children in America: 1.5%
Outline I. Violent crime A. Including robbery, assault, murder, rape B. Murder rate: twice as high as 30 years ago C. Violent crime rate in general: increased 23% (in the same time period)
II.White-collar crime A. Including embezzlement, bribery, Political corruption, corporate policies that endanger workers and the public B. White-collar crime rate in general: increased III. Solutions:A. Family: through socialization -- leading children to respect themselves, others, and the values of the society B. Government. 1. By helping people to feel that they are part of the society instead of its victims 2. By instilling the fear of punishment in those who might become criminals
Summary
Though in almost all the states in America, parents are held responsible for their kids' misdeeds at schools like destroying ?school property or missing school, only 13 states hold parents criminally liable when their kids commit crimes, such as dealing in drugs, weapons possession and gang banging.More lawmakers are saying parents should be jailed or fined when their kids commit a crime, because the most important influence on the development of a child is the parent. But parenting is not an easy thing. And it gets harder as kids get older. When a child becomes a teenager, parents' involvement with their children under education drops sharply. By 15 to 16 years of age, children are treated as quasi-adults and many of them lead very separate life that parents are not fully informed of.Parental liability laws will not work unless they're part of a much larger effort that includes more helps for parents in raising their children. Experts say what's most needed now is a thorough review of the effectiveness of such laws.
Summary
Internet communication can be dangerous for adults, and children are even more vulnerable. According to Perry, the problem is that children use the Internet and far more often know more about it than their parents do. But, the things we usually use to teach our children how to stay safe in shopping malls, and on streets and in life, don't ordinarily apply online, because parents just don't understand it well enough to set the rules.One of the goals of UNESCO is to make sure all children have access to the Internet, and yet in doing this we want to make sure they have access safely. It is a huge task. It is a worldwide problem and that is the reason why our action has to be global and international. And there is one other aspect regarding hate email or hate websites. The biggest danger obviously is not from information, but from people who want to hurt children.What we need to do is to control child pornography, to make sure that law enforcement does what they can to clean up the criminal activities online, to help schools and teachers and libraries to get the most out of the Internet, and to arm parents with the tools they need to educate their children and keep them safe.。