非谓语动词(详细讲解版)

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2)get/have/make/keep/leave+sb/sth+ do/doing/done shut Keep your mouth _____ (shut) and your eyes open. They had the machine _______ (run) running all the night. Every year, the landlord had the pick slaves ________ (pick) cottons. The manager told the workers to have painted the wall __________(paint) before the weekend.
2) A verb-ed phrase can appear after a noun to modify the noun like an attributive clause does.
The name mentioned in the letter was unknown to me. The name which was mentioned in the letter was unknown to me. The firemen were trying to rescue the people trapped in the fire. The firemen were trying to rescue the people who were trapped in the fire.
to be built The main road ________________(build) next week is benefical to our life.
built c The main road ________________(build) last c i year is benefical to our life.
3. Object complement
1. As he knows very little English, he finds it difficult to make himself _______________ understood. 2. I had my house painted yesterday _________ 总结：过去分词也可用在感官动词： 总结：过去分词也可用在感官动词：see, hear, notice, feel, watch... 及使役动词get, have, make, leave/ keep , 及使役动词 find 之后做宾补。
1)feel/hear/notice/see/watch+sb/sth+ do/doing/done
• I saw Mary dance _______ (dance) in the gym yesterday. • I saw Mary dancing (dance) in the gym at ________ that time. praised (praise) by her teacher • I saw Mary _______ in the classroom. carried (carry )out of • He watched the bed ______ the door.
3)want/wish/like/order+sb/sth+(to be) done • She didn’t want her daughter taken out _____________________________ (不希望天黑后女儿被带出门)after dark. settled • We all wished the problem ________(得到 解决). 4) with +sth.+ done All afternoon he worked with the door locked.
held _______ yesterday The meeting being held ___________ now to be held tomorrow __________ is of great importance. (hold) 分析： 不定式作定语表示动作将要去做 将要去做； 分析： 不定式作定语表示动作将要去做； 现在分词作定语表动作正在进行 动作正在进行， 现在分词作定语表动作正在进行，且分词和 主语呈主动关系 主动关系； 主语呈主动关系； 而过去分词做定语表示动作已完成 动作已完成， 而过去分词做定语表示动作已完成， 被动关系。 且和主语之间是被动关系 且和主语之间是被动关系。
_________ The ground is covered with fallen leaves when autumn wind blows. The ground is covered with leaves which are fallen when autumn wind blows. ×
Compare the phrases
.fallen leaves 落叶
falling leaves 正在飘落的树叶 the risen sun 升起的太阳
Hale Waihona Puke the rising sun 正在升起的太阳 a developed country 发达国家 a developing country 发展中国家
1）A single verb-ed can appear before a noun ） modifying the noun like an adjective. It can be changed into an attributive clause.
We should drink boiled water. We should drink water which has been boiled. They took the woman who was injured to the nearby hospital at once. They took the injured woman to the nearby hospital at once.
4. V-ed 可用于动词 stand, sit, lie 后，通常表示两个动作 同时发生． 同时发生． The girl lay in bed lost in thought. The girl lay in bed and was lost in thought. The boy sat at the table buried in his homework. The boy sat at the table and was buried in his homework.
Find out the differences
• Scientific experiments carried out by the __________________ students without a teacher _____________________________can be dangerous. Scientific experiments which are carried out by the students without a teacher can be dangerous.
被动结构(表示动作 被动结构 表示动作) 表示动作 • The window is broken. It was broken by Tim. • The room is deserted. • She has been deserted by her husband.
be+表语结构 表示状态 表语结构(表示状态 表语结构 表示状态)
3) A verb-ed can also be used as a nonrestrictive attribute (非限定性定语 which is 非限定性定语) 非限定性定语 separated from the noun it modifies by a comma(逗号 逗号). 逗号
which have fallen
the retired worker
退休工人
past passive passive past
a widely used language the highly praised scientist fallen leaves 落叶
及物动词的过去分词具有被动和完成意义. 不及物动词的过去分词只表示 完成意义
Grammar and usage
Verb-ed form as an adjective or adverb
1. attribute(定语 定语) 定语 • The lost child was found at last. • The child lost in the park was found at last. 单独及物动词的过去分词一般置于被修饰名词 前， __， __ 后 而过去分词短语则要位于名词之__ 而过去分词短语则要位于名词之__
The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people.
The books, which were written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people. The meeting, which was attended by one thousand students, was a success. The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success.
2. Predictive 表语 Edison became interested in science __________ when he was very young. The little boy was very excited when he ________ heard that he could go to the party. 总结：过去分词通常跟在系动词： 总结：过去分词通常跟在系动词： be, seem, appear, look, sound ,feel, remain, stay, become…等之后，表示“感到 ”， 等之后， 等之后 表示“感到....” 主语多数情况下是人。 主语多数情况下是人。