2005年考研英语真题及答案
2005考研英语真题答案
2005考研英语真题答案2005年考研英语真题是众多考生备战考研的重要资料，通过对真题的分析和解答有助于我们更好地了解考试内容和提升自己的备考效果。
本文将为大家提供2005年考研英语真题的详细解答和答案解析。
Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishPartⅠ1. C) careful2. D) ordinary3. A) atomic4. C) basis5. B) divided6. A) as7. B) deceived8. C) rather9. D) for10. C) while11. A) when12. B) Efforts13. D) properties14. A) impact15. D) currently PartⅡ16. C) provide17. B) evidence18. D) starves19. A) reluctance20. D) In essence21. A) challenges22. B) general23. C) simply24. B) wrong25. C) threatening Part Ⅲ26. C) and27. B) ideas28. C) themselves29. D) preferred30. A) taking31. D) promising32. B) until33. A) establish34. D) do35. B) experiencePart Ⅳ36. manufacturing37. frustrated38. challenge39. squeezed40. neglectedSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart A41. B) it changes the basic nature of desire.42. D) They create desires and then satisfy them.43. C) the dominance of external objects in consumption.44. D) People always have an inclination to desire more.45. A) They relate it to practical achievements.46. C) They are awakening new needs through advertising.47. A) have realized the importance of desires.48. C) Industrialization plays an important role in consumption.49. B) It encourages people to prefer material things.50. D) about people's dependence on the moods of desire.Part B51. C) The reform of the educational system.52. D) The persisting inequality between urban and rural areas.53. A) They believed that ordinary people would succeed.54. C) Encouraging the population to seek further education.55. A) Hesitations over the potential rewards from education.56. B) Recognize the importance of promoting social equality.57. D) Settle for whatever they could achieve through labor.58. B) The disappointment caused by the success of a few individuals.59. A) The rapid advancement of society.60. D) Lack of educational opportunity for all groups.Part C61. D) Enhancing their chances of winning at slots.62. C) Their potential generosity towards others.63. D) They believe they can exert control over the outcome.64. A) They were given money unambiguous control.65. C) The belief in luck.66. B) greater likelihood of gambling.67. A) It is independent of people's social and educational backgrounds.68. D) Information obtained from research.69. B) The spread of gambling.70. D) Life chances in general.Section Ⅲ WritingPart Ⅳ Translation71. TranslationThis year, China's economic reforms have made remarkable achievements. The country's GDP has increased steadily, and people's lives have significantly improved. However, we should not ignore the environmental problems that have arisen in the process of economic development. For example, air pollution and water pollution have become increasingly serious. In order to achieve sustainable development, the Chinese government has implemented a series of measures to address these issues. It has invested heavily in environmental protection projects and enacted laws and regulations to hold polluters accountable. Additionally, the government has encouraged the use of clean energy and promoted green and low-carbon development. It is believed that with the joint efforts of the government and the public, China's environmental situation will gradually improve, and the people will be able to enjoy a better living environment.72. TranslationWith the rapid development of the Internet, online shopping has gained popularity among consumers. Compared to traditional shopping, online shopping offers convenience and flexibility. People can easily browse and compare products from different sellers and make purchases with just a few clicks. Online shopping also provides a wide range of choices, allowing consumers to find specific items that may not be available in local stores. Furthermore, online shopping often offers discounts and promotional deals, making it a cost-effective option. However, there are also potential risks associated with online shopping, such as the quality of products, the security of personal information, and the reliability of sellers. Therefore, consumers should be cautious and take necessary precautions when making online purchases.以上是2005年考研英语真题的详细解答和答案解析，通过对真题的研究和分析，我们可以更好地了解考试内容和备考重点，从而提高备考效果。
2005年考研英语试题及答案
2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1 (10 points)The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought tobe insensitive smellers compared with animals, 大1家 this is largelybecause, 大2家animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are 大3家 to perceiving those smells which float through the air, 大4家the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact, 大5家, we are extremely sensitive to smells, 大6家 we do not generally realize it.Our noses are capable of 大7家 human smells even when these are 大8家to far below one part in one million.Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, 大9家 others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate 大10家 smell receptors in the nose. These receptors arethe cells which sense smells and send 大11家 to the brain. However,it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell 大12家can suddenly become sensitive to it when 大13家 to it often enough.The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that the brain finds it 大14家 to keep all smell receptors working all the time butcan 大15家 new receptors if necessary. This may 大16家explain why weare not usually sensitive to our own smells—we simply do not need to be. We are not 大17 of the usual smell of our own house, but we家大18家 new smells when we visit someone else's. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors 大19家 for unfamiliar and emergency signals 大20家 the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger offire.1. [A] although[B] as[C] but[D] while2. [A] above[B] unlike[C] excluding[D] besides3. [A] limited[B] committed[C] dedicated[D] confined4. [A] catching[B] ignoring[C] missing[D] tracking5. [A] anyway[B] though[C] instead[D] therefore6. [A] even if[B] if only[C] only if[D] as if[A] distinguishing7.[B] discovering[C] determining[D] detecting8. [A] diluted[B] dissolved[C] dispersed[D] diffused9. [A] when[B] since[C] for[D] whereas10. [A] unusual[B] particular[C] unique[D] typical11. [A] signs[B] stimuli[C] messages[D] impulses12. [A] at first[B] at all[C] at large[D] at times13. [A] subjected[B] left[C] drawn[D] exposed14. [A] ineffective[B] incompetent[C] inefficient[D] insufficient15. [A] introduce[B] summon[C] trigger[D] create16. [A] still[B] also[C] otherwise[D] nevertheless17. [A] sure[B] sick[C] aware[D] tired18. [A] tolerate[B] repel[C] neglect[D] notice19. [A] available[B] reliable[C] identifiable[D] suitable20. [A] similar to[B] such as[C] along with[D] aside fromSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 (40 points)Text 1Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanishif you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human,” with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well. published inThe researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food readily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males.Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan's and Dr. de Waal's study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.In the world of capuchins, grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused toaccept the slice of cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin.The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. In the wild, they are a co-operative, group-living species. Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.21. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by________.[A] posing a contrast[B] justifying an assumption[C] making a comparison[D] explaining a phenomenon22. The statement “it is all too monkey” (Last line, Paragraph l) implies that ________.[A] monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals[B] resenting unfairness is also monkeys' nature[C] monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other[D] no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions23. Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are ________.[A] more inclined to weigh what they get[B] attentive to researchers' instructions[C] nice in both appearance and temperament[D] more generous than their male companions24. Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys ________.[A] prefer grapes to cucumbers[B] can be taught to exchange things[C] will not be co-operative if feeling cheated[D] are unhappy when separated from others25. What can we infer from the last paragraph?[A] Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.[B] Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.[C] Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.[D] Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.Text 2Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn't know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves. afterwave one in scientists as today, parallels upsetting are There another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth's atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the NationalAcademy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panel's report: “Science never has all the answers. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the futureconsequences of present actions.”Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it's OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerous game: by the time 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But it's obvious that a majority of the president's advisers still don't take global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research -- a classic case of “paralysis by analysis.”To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research. But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration won't take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures. A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry, is a promising start. Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.26. An argument made by supporters of smoking was that ________.[A] there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death[B] the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant[C] people had the freedom to choose their own way of life[D] antismoking people were usually talking nonsense27. According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as ________.[A] a protector[B] a judge[C] a critic[D] a guide28. What does the author mean by “paralysis by analysis” (Last line, Paragraph 4)?[A] Endless studies kill action.[B] Careful investigation reveals truth.[C] Prudent planning hinders progress.[D] Extensive research helps decision-making.29. According to the author, what should the Administration do about global warming?[A] Offer aid to build cleaner power plants.[B] Raise public awareness of conservation.[C] Press for further scientific research.[D] Take some legislative measures.30. The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because ________.[A] they both suffered from the government's negligence[B] a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former[C] the outcome of the latter aggravates the former[D] both of them have turned from bad to worseText 3Of all the components of a good night's sleep, dreams seem to beleast within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; bythe late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise” -- the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is “off-line.” And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better, “It's your dream,” says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago's MedicalCenter. “If you don't like it, change it.”Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is asactive during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep -- when most vivid dreams occur -- as it is when fully awake, says Dr, Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved; the limbic system (the “emotional brain”) is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. “We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day.” says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement.The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright's clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don't always think about the emotional significance of the day's events -- until, it appears, we begin to dream.And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.At the end of the day, there's probably little reason to payattention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or “we wake up in a panic,” Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people's anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep -- or rather dream -- on it and you'll feel better in the morning.31. Researchers have come to believe that dreams ________.[A] can be modified in their courses[B] are susceptible to emotional changes[C] reflect our innermost desires and fears[D] are a random outcome of neural repairs32. By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to show________.[A] its function in our dreams[B] the mechanism of REM sleep[C] the relation of dreams to emotions[D] its difference from the prefrontal cortex33. The negative feelings generated during the day tend to ________.[A] aggravate in our unconscious mind[B] develop into happy dreams[C] persist till the time we fall asleep[D] show up in dreams early at night34. Cartwright seems to suggest that ________.[A] waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams[B] visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control[C] dreams should be left to their natural progression[D] dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious35. What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have bad dreams?[A] Lead your life as usual.[B] Seek professional help.[C] Exercise conscious control.[D] Avoid anxiety in the daytime.Text 4Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. Nor do they Doing Our Own aspire to such command themselves. In his latest book, Thing:The Degradation of Language and Music and Why We Should, Like, Care, John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet another criticism against the decline in education. Mr. McWhorter'sacademic speciality is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of “whom,” for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English.But the cult of the authentic and the personal, “doing our own thing,” has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music. While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most wellregarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page. Equally, in poetry, claimcould that form only the is genre performative personal, highly the real liveliness. In both oral and written English, talking is triumphingover speaking, spontaneity over craft.Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both highand low culture, the trend that Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable. But it is less clear, to take the question of his subtitle, why we should, like, care. As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive -- there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas. He is not arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper. Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to mostEnglish-speakers. Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical education reforms -- he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful. We now take our English “on paper plates instead of china.” A shame, perhaps, but probably an inevitable one.36. According to McWhorter, the decline of formal English ________.[A] is inevitable in radical education reforms[B] is but all too natural in language development[C] has caused the controversy over the counter-culture[D] brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s37. The word “talking” (Line 6, Paragraph 3) denotes ________.[A] modesty[B] personality[C] liveliness[D] informality38. To which of the following statements would McWhorter most likely agree?[A] Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk.[B] Black English can be more expressive than standard English.[C] Non-standard varieties of human language are just asentertaining.[D] Of all the varieties, standard English can best convey complex ideas.love of memorizing poetry shows the'39. The description of Russiansauthor's ________.[A] interest in their language[B] appreciation of their efforts[C] admiration for their memory[D] contempt for their old-fashionedness40. According to the last paragraph, “paper plates” is to “china”as ________.[A] “temporary” is to “permanent”[B] “radical” is to “conservative”[C] “functional” is to “artistic”[D] “humble” is to “noble”Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. Thereare two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points) Canada's premiers (the leaders of provincial governments), if they have any breath left after complaining about Ottawa at their late July annual meeting, might spare a moment to do something, together, to reduce health-care costs.They're all groaning about soaring health budgets, thefastest-growing component of which are pharmaceutical costs.41.________What to do? Both the Romanow commission and the Kirby committee on health care -- to say nothing of reports from other experts -- recommended the creation of a national drug agency. Instead of each province having its own list of approved drugs, bureaucracy, procedures and limited bargaining power, all would pool resources, work with Ottawa, and createa national institution.42.________But “national” doesn't have to mean that. “National” could mean interprovincial -- provinces combining efforts to create one body. Either way, one benefit of a “national” organization would be to negotiate better prices, if possible, with drug manufacturers. Instead of having one province -- or a series of hospitals within a province -- nationalprovincial list, the negotiate a price for a given drug on the agency would negotiate on behalf of all provinces.Rather than, say, Quebec, negotiating on behalf of seven million people, the national agency would negotiate on behalf of 31 million people. Basic economics suggests the greater the potential consumers, the higher the likelihood of a better price.43.________A small step has been taken in the direction of a national agencywith the creation of the Canadian Co-ordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment, funded by Ottawa and the provinces. Under it, a Common Drug Review recommends to provincial lists which new drugs should be included. Predictably, and regrettably,Quebec refused to join.A few premiers are suspicious of any federal-provincial deal-making. They (particularly Quebec and Alberta) just want Ottawa to fork over additional billions with few, if any, strings attached. That's one reason why the idea of a national list hasn't gone anywhere, while drug costs keep rising fast.44.________Premiers love to quote Mr. Romanow's report selectively, especially the parts about more federal money. Perhaps they should read what he had to say about drugs: “A national drug agency would provide governments more influence on pharmaceutical companies in order to constrain the ever-increasing cost of drugs.”45.________So when the premiers gather in Niagara Falls to assemble their usual complaint list, they should also get cracking about something in their jurisdiction that would help their budgets and patients.[A] Quebec's resistance to a national agency is provincialist ideology. One of the first advocates for a national list was a researcher at LavalUniversity. Quebec's Drug Insurance Fundhas seen its costs skyrocket with annual increases from 14.3 percent to 26.8 per cent![B] Or they could read Mr. Kirby's report: “the substantial buying power of such an agency would strengthen the publicprescription-drug insurance plans to negotiate the lowestpossible purchase prices from drug companies.”[C] What does “national” mean? Roy Romanow and Senator Michael Kirby recommended a federal-provincial body much like therecently created National Health Council.[D] The problem is simple and stark: health-care costs have been, are, and will continue to increase faster than governmentrevenues.[E] According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information, prescription drug costs have risen since 1997 at twice the rateof overall health-care spending. Part of the increase comes from drugs being used to replace other kinds of treatments. Part ofit arises from new drugs costing more than older kinds. Part ofit is higher prices.[F] So, if the provinces want to run the health-care show, they should prove they can run it, starting with an interprovincial healthlist that would end duplication, save administrative costs,prevent one province from being played off against another, and bargain for better drug prices.[G] Of course, the pharmaceutical companies will scream. They like divided buyers; they can lobby better that way. They can use the threat of removing jobs from one province to another. They canhope that, if one province includes a drug on its list, thepressure will cause others to include it on theirs. Theywouldn't like a national agency, but self-interest would leadthem to deal with it.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history. History and news become confused, and one's impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism. 46) Television is one of the means by which thesefeelings are created and conveyed -- and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recentevents in Europe. The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything otherthan its peoples, their cultures and national identities. With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European television scene. 47) In Europe,as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful: groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines andpublishing houses that work in relation to one another. One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group, while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind.Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies aregoing to be able to compete in such a rich and hotly-contested market.48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easyworld to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in1989.Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution.49) Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of theOld Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice -- that ofproducing programs in Europe for Europe. This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own. In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more onco-productions, the exchange of news, documentary services and training. This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank for Television Production which, on the model of the European Investments Bank, will handle the finances necessary for production costs. 50) In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, itis no exaggeration to say “United we stand, divided we fall” -- andif I had to choose a slogan it would be “Unity in our diversity.” A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied peculiarities of each country.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:Designs Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine& Fashions. But now you find that the work is not what you expected. You decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss, Mr. Wang, telling him your decision, stating your reason (s), and making an apology.Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming”instead.You do not need to write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your meaning,its interpret then drawing, the describe first should you essay,and give your comment on it.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2005年考研英语真题答案Section I: Use of English(10 points) 1.[C]2.[B]3.[A]4.[C]5.[B]10. 6. [A] [B] [D] 7. 9. [D] 8. [A]15. 11. [C] [C] [D] 13. 12. [A] [D] 14.20. 16. [B]19. [A]18. [D][C]17. [B]Section II: Reading Comprehension(60 points)Part A (40 points)21. [C]22. [B]23. [A]24. [C]25. [B]30. 28. [A] [D] 26. [C] [B] 27. [D] 29.35. 34. 33. [D] 32. [C] [D] 31. [A] [A]40. [B]38. 37. 36. [B][D][A][C]39.Part B (10 points)41. [E]42. [C]43. [G]44. [F]45. [B]Part C (10 points)46. 电视是创造和传递感情的手段之一。
考研英语冲刺：2005年考研英语阅读真题和答案
考研英语冲刺：2005年考研英语阅读真题和答案2005年考研英语阅读真题和答案Text 1Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as 'all too human', with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They aregood-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food readily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of "goods and services" than males.Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan's and Dr. de Waal's study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.In the world of capuchins, grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin.The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. In the wild, they are a co-operative, group-living species. Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated.Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.1. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by[A] posing a contrast.[B] justifying an assumption.[C] making a comparison.[D] explaining a phenomenon.2. The statement "it is all too monkey" (Last line, Paragraph 1) implies that[A] monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals.[B] resenting unfairness is also monkeys' nature.[C] monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other.[D] no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions.3. Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for theresearch most probably because they are[A] more inclined to weigh what they get.[B] attentive to researchers' instructions.[C] nice in both appearance and temperament.[D] more generous than their male companions.4. Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys[A] prefer grapes to cucumbers.[B] can be taught to exchange things.[C] will not be co-operative if feeling cheated.[D] are unhappy when separated from others.5. What can we infer from the last paragraph?[A] Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions[B] Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.[C] Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.[D] Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.参考答案：CBACBText 2Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insistedthat we didn't know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that Earth's atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panel's report: "Science never has all the answer. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions."Just as on smoking, voice now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming isincomplete, that it's OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerous game: by the time 100 percent people of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But it's obvious that a majority of the president's advisers still don't take global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research - a classic case of "paralysis by analysis."To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research. But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration won't take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures. A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry, is a promising start. Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.6. An argument made by supporters of smoking wasthat.[A] there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death.[B] the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant[C] people had the freedom to choose their own way of life[D] antismoking people were usually talking nonsense7. According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as[A] a protector.[B] a judge[C] a critic[D] a guide8. What does the author mean by "paralysis by analysis" (Last line, Paragraph 4)?[A] Endless studies kill action.[B] Careful investigation reveals truth[C] Prudent planning hinders progress[D] Extensive research helps decision-making9. According to the author, what should the Administration do about global warming?[A] Offer aid to build cleaner power plants[B] Raise public awareness of conservation[C] Press for further scientific research[D] Take some legislative measures10. The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because[A] they both suffered from the government's negligence.[B] a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former.[C] the outcome of the latter aggravates the former.[D] both of them have turned from bad to worse.参考答案：CDADB Text 3Of all the components of a good night's sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears, by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just "mental noise" - the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is "off-line". And one leading authority says that these intenselypowerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. "It's your dream," says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago's Medical Center. "If you don't like it, change it"Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep - when most vivid dreams occur - as it is when fully awake, says Dr. Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved, the limbic system (the "emotional brain") is especially active, while the prefronted cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. "We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day," says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement.The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright's clinic Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don't always think about the emotional significance of the day'sevents - until, it appears, we begin to dream.And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.At the end of the day, there's probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or "we wake up in a panic," Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people's anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feeling. Sleep - or rather dream - on it and you'll feel better in the morning.11. Researchers have come to believe that dreams[A] can be modified in their courses[B] are susceptible to emotional changes[C] reflect our innermost desires and fears[D] are a random outcome of neural repairs12. By referring to the limbic system, the authorintends to show[A] it's function in our dreams[B] the mechanism of REM sleep[C] the relation of dreams to emotions[D] its difference from the prefrontal cortex13. The Negative feelings generated during the day tend to[A] aggravate in our unconscious mind[B] develop into happy dreams[C] persist till the time we fall asleep[D] show up in dreams early at night14. Cartwright seems to suggest that[A] waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams[B] visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control[C] dreams should be left to their natural progression[D] dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious15. What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have bad dreams?[A] Lead your life as usual[B] Seek professional help[C] Exercise conscious control[D] Avoid anxiety in the daytime参考答案：ACDDA Text 4Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire to such command themselves. In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of language and Music and why We should, Like, Care, John Mcwhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, see the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet another criticism against the decline in education. Mr Mcwhorter's academic speciality is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of "whom", for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss the case-endings of Old English.But the cult of the authentic and the personal, "doing our own thing," has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music. While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960'seven the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page. Equally, in poetry, the highly personal, performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness. In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft.Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend that Mr. Mcwhorter documents is unmistakable. But it is less clear, to take the question of his subtitle, why we should, like, care. As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive - there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas, He is not arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper.Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seemold-fashioned to most English-speakers. Mr. Mcwhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical educational reforms - he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful.We now take our English "on paper plates instead of china" A shame, perhaps, but probably an inevitable one.16. According to Mcwhorter, the decline of formal English[A] is inevitable in radical education reforms[B] is but all too natural in language development[C] has caused the controversy over thecounter-culture[D] brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s17. The word "talking" (Line 6, Paragraph 3) denotes[A] modesty[B] personality[C] liveliness[D] informality18. To which of the following statements would McWhorter most likely agree?[A] Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk.[B] Black English can be more expressive than standard English.[C] Non-standard varieties of human language are justas entertaining.[D] Of all the varieties, standard English can best convey complex ideas.19. The description of Russians' love of memorizing poetry shows the author's[A] interest in their language.[B] appreciation of their efforts.[C] admiration for their memory.[D] contempt for their old-fashionedness.20. According to the last paragraph, "paper plates" is to "china" as[A] "temporary" is to "permanent."[B] "radical" is to "conservative"[C] "functional" is to "artistic"[D] "humble" is to "noble"参考答案：BDABC【。
【考研必备】2005年考研英语真题及解析
[日期] 2 005 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1 (10 points)The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, 1 this is largely because, 2animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are 3 to perceiving those smells which float through the air, 4 the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact, 5 , we are extremely sensitive to smells, 6 we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of 7 human smells even when these are 8 to far below one part in one million.Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, 9 others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate 10 smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send 11to the brain. However, it has been found that even peopleinsensitive to a certain smell12 can suddenly become sensitive to it when 13to it often enough.The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it 14 to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can 15 new receptors if necessary. This may 16 explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells —we simply do not need to be. We are not 17 of the usual smell of our own house, but we 18 new smells when we visit someone else’s. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors 19 for unfamiliar and emergency signals 20 the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 .[A] although .[A] above [B] as [C] but [D] while[B] unlike [B] committed [B] ignoring [B] though [B] if only [C] excluding [C] dedicated [C] missing [C] instead [C] only if [D] besides[D] confined[D] tracking[D] therefore[D] as if.[A] limited .[A] catching .[A] anyway .[A] even if .[A]distinguishing [B] discovering [C] determining [D] detecting.[A] diluted .[A] when [B] dissolved [B] since [C] dispersed [C] for [D] diffused[D] whereas[D] typical0.[A] unusual 1.[A] signs [B] particular [B] stimuli [B] at all [C] unique [C] messages [C] at large [C] drawn [D] impulses[D] at times[D] exposed[D] insufficient2.[A] at first3.[A] subjected [B] left4.[A] ineffective [B] incompetent [C] inefficient1 1 1 27.[A]sure[B]sick[C]aware[C]neglect[D]tired[D]notice8.[A]tolerate9.[A]available0.[A]similar to[B]repel[B]reliable[C]identifiable[D]suitable[B]such as[C]along with[D]aside fromSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(40points)Text1Everybody loves a fat pay rise.Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one.Indeed,if he has a reputation for slacking,you might even be outraged.Such behaviour is regarded as“all too human”,with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance.But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta,Georgia,which has just been published in Nature,suggests that it is all too monkey,as well.The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys.They look cute.They are good-natured,co-operative creatures,andthey share their food readily.Above all,like their female human counterparts,they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of“goods and services”than males.Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr.Brosnan’s and Dr.de Waal’s study.The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food.Normally,the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber.However,when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers,so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock,their behaviour became markedly different.In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods(and much preferable to cucumbers).So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token,the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber.And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all,the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber,or refused to accept the slice of cucumber.Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber(without an actual monkey to eat it)was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin.The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys,like humans,are guided by social emotions.In the wild,they are a co-operative,group-living species.Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated.Feelings of righteous indignation,it seems,are not the preserve of people alone.Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group.However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans,or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had35million years ago,is,as yet,an unanswered question.21.In the opening paragraph,the author introduces his topic by________.[ [ [ [A]posing a contrastB]justifying an assumptionC]making a comparisonD]explaining a phenomenon22.The statement“it is all too monkey”(Last line,Paragraph l)implies that________.[ [ [ [A]monkeys are also outraged by slack rivalsB]resenting unfairness is also monkeys’natureC]monkeys,like humans,tend to be jealous of each otherD]no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions23.Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are________.[A]more inclined to weigh what they get[B]attentive to researchers’instructions[C]nice in both appearance and temperament[D]more generous than their male companions24.Dr.Brosnan and Dr.de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys________.[ [ [ [A]prefer grapes to cucumbersB]can be taught to exchange thingsC]will not be co-operative if feeling cheatedD]are unhappy when separated from others25.What can we infer from the last paragraph?[A]Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.[B]Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.[C]Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.[D]Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.Text2Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn’t know for sure?That the evidence was inconclusive,the science uncertain?That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way?Lots of Americans bought that nonsense,and over three decades,some10million smokers went to early graves.There are upsetting parallels today,as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming.The latestwas a panel from the National Academy of Sciences,enlisted by the White House,to tell us that the Earth’s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves.The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts,added this key point in the preface to the panel’s report:“Science never has all the answers.But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future,and it is critical that our nation and the worldbase important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.”Just as on smoking,voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete,that it’s OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure.This is a dangerous game:by the time100percent of the evidence is in,it may be too late.With the risks obvious and growing,a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.Fortunately,the White House is starting to pay attention.But it’s obvious that a majority of the president’s advisers still don’t take global warming seriously.Instead of a plan of action,they continue to press for more research—a classic case of“paralysis by analysis”.To serve as responsible stewards of the planet,we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research.But research alone is inadequate.If the Administration won’t take the legislative initiative,Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures.A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia,which would offer financial incentives for private industry,is a promising start.Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs.If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere,it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.26.An argument made by supporters of smoking was that________.[ [ [ [A]there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and deathB]the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificantC]people had the freedom to choose their own way of lifeD]antismoking people were usually talking nonsense27.According to Bruce Alberts,science can serve as________.[ [ [ [A]a protectorB]a judgeC]a criticD]a guide28.What does the author mean by“paralysis by analysis”(Last line,Paragraph4)?[ [ [ [A]Endless studies kill action.B]Careful investigation reveals truth.C]Prudent planning hinders progress.D]Extensive research helps decision-making.29.According to the author,what should the Administration do about global warming?[A]Offer aid to build cleaner power plants.[B]Raise public awareness of conservation.[C]Press for further scientific research.[D]Take some legislative measures.30.The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because______.[A]they both suffered from the government’s negligenceB]a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former[[C]the outcome of the latter aggravates the formerD]both of them have turned from bad to worse[Text3Of all the components of a good night’s sleep,dreams seem to be least within our control.In dreams,a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak.A century ago,Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears;by the late 1970s,neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just“mental noise”—the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep.Now researcherssuspect that dreams are part of the mind’s emotional thermostat,regulating moods while the brain is“off-line.”And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control,to help us sleep and feel better.“It’s your dream,”says Rosalind Cartwright,chair of psychology at Chicago’s Medical Center.“If you don’t like it,change it.”Evidence from brain imaging supports this view.The brain is as active during REM(rapid eye movement) sleep—when most vivid dreams occur—as it is when fully awake,says Dr.Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh.But not all parts of the brain are equally involved;the limbic system(the“emotional brain”)is especially active,while the prefrontal cortex(the center of intellect and reasoning)is relatively quiet.“We wake up from dreams happy or depressed,and those feelings can stay with us all day.”says Stanford sleep researcher Dr.William Dement.The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright’s clinic.Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night,progressing toward happier ones before awakening,suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day.Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don’t always think about the emotional significance of the day’s events—until,it appears,we begin to dream.And this process need not be left to the unconscious.Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams.As soon as you awaken,identify what is upsetting about the dream.Visualize how you would like it to end instead;the next time it occurs,try to wake up just enough to control its course.With much practice people can learn to,literally,do it in their sleep.At the end of the day,there’s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or“we wake up in a panic,”Cartwright says.Terrorism,economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people’s anxiety.Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist.For the rest of us,the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings.Sleep—or rather dream—on it and you’ll feel better in the morning.31.Researchers have come to believe that dreams________.[ [ [A]can be modified in their coursesB]are susceptible to emotional changesC]reflect our innermost desires and fears[D]are a random outcome of neural repairs32.By referring to the limbic system,the author intends to show________.[ [ [ [A]its function in our dreamsB]the mechanism of REM sleepC]the relation of dreams to emotionsD]its difference from the prefrontal cortex33.The negative feelings generated during the day tend to________.[ [ [ [A]aggravate in our unconscious mindB]develop into happy dreamsC]persist till the time we fall asleepD]show up in dreams early at night34.Cartwright seems to suggest that________.[A]waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams[B]visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control[C]dreams should be left to their natural progression[D]dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious35.What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have bad dreams?[ [ [ [A]Lead your life as usual.B]Seek professional help.C]Exercise conscious control.D]Avoid anxiety in the daytime.Text4Americans no longer expect public figures,whether in speech or in writing,to command the Englishlanguage with skill and gift.Nor do they aspire to such command themselves.In his latest book,Doing Our Own Thing:The Degradation of language and Music and Why We Should Like,Care,John McWhorter,a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views,sees the triumph of1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.Blaming the permissive1960s is nothing new,but this is not yet another criticism against the decline in education.Mr.McWhorter’s academic speciality is language history and change,and he sees the gradual disappearance of“whom”,for example,to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English.But the cult of the authentic and the personal,“doing our own thing”,has spelt the death of formal speech, writing,poetry and music.While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the1960s,even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page.Equally,in poetry,the highly personal,performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness. In both oral and written English,talking is triumphing over speaking,spontaneity over craft.Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture,the trend that Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable.But it is less clear,to take the question of his subtitle,why we should, like,care.As a linguist,he acknowledges that all varieties of human language,including non-standard ones like Black English,can be powerfully expressive—there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas.He is not arguing,as many do,that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper. Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to most English-speakers.Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary,and proposes no radical education reforms—he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful.We now take our English “on paper plates instead of china”.A shame,perhaps,but probably an inevitable one.6.According to McWhorter,the decline of formal English________.3[ [ [ [A]is inevitable in radical education reformsB]is but all too natural in language developmentC]has caused the controversy over the counter-cultureD]brought about changes in public attitudes in the1960s37.The word“talking”(Line6,Paragraph3)denotes________.[ [ [ [A]modestyB]personalityC]livelinessD]informality38.To which of the following statements would McWhorter most likely agree?[A]Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk.[B]Black English can be more expressive than standard English.[C]Non-standard varieties of human language are just as entertaining.[D]Of all the varieties,standard English can best convey complex ideas.39.The description of Russians’love of memorizing poetry shows the author’s________.[ [ [ [A]interest in their languageB]appreciation of their effortsC]admiration for their memoryD]contempt for their old-fashionedness40.According to the last paragraph,“paper plates”is to“china”as________.[A]“temporary”is to“permanent”[B]“radical”is to“conservative”[C]“functional”is to“artistic”[D]“humble”is to“noble”Part BDirections:In the following text,some sentences have been removed.For Questions41-45,choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks.There are two extra choices,which do not fit in any of the gaps.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)Canada’s premiers(the leaders of provincial governments),if they have any breath left after complaining about Ottawa at their late July annual meeting,might spare a moment to do something,together,to reduce health-care costs.They’re all groaning about soaring health budgets,the fastest-growing component of which are pharmaceutical costs.(41)____________What to do?Both the Romanow commission and the Kirby committee on health care—to say nothing of reports from other experts—recommended the creation of a national drug agency.Instead of each province having its own list of approved drugs,bureaucracy,procedures and limited bargaining power,all would pool resources, work with Ottawa,and create a national institution.(42)_____________But“national”doesn’t have to mean that.“National”could mean interprovincial—provinces combining effortsto create one body.Either way,one benefit of a“national”organization would be to negotiate better prices,if possible,with drug manufacturers.Instead of having one province—or a series of hospitals within a province—negotiate a price for a given drug on the provincial list,the national agency would negotiate on behalf of all provinces.Rather than,say,Quebec,negotiating on behalf of seven million people,the national agency would negotiate on behalf of31million people.Basic economics suggests the greater the potential consumers,the higher the likelihood of a better price.(43)_____________A small step has been taken in the direction of a national agency with the creation of the Canadian Co-ordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment,funded by Ottawa and the provinces.Under it,a Common Drug Review recommends to provincial lists which new drugs should be included.Predictably,and regrettably, Quebec refused to join.A few premiers are suspicious of any federal-provincial deal-making.They(particularly Quebec and Alberta) just want Ottawa to fork over additional billions with few,if any,strings attached.That’s one reason why the idea of a national list hasn’t gone anywhere,while drug costskeep rising fast.(44)_____________Premiers love to quote Mr.Romanow’s report selectively,especially the parts about more federal money. Perhaps they should read what he had to say about drugs:“A national drug agency would provide governments more influence on pharmaceutical companies in order to constrain the ever-increasing cost of drugs.”(45)_____________So when the premiers gather in Niagara Falls to assemble their usual complaint list,they should also get cracking about something in their jurisdiction that would help their budgets and patients.[A] Quebec’s resistance to a national agency is provincialist ideology. One of the first advocates for a national list was a researcher at Laval University. Quebec’s Drug Insurance Fund has seen its costs skyrocket with annual increases from 14.3 per cent to 26.8 per cent![ B] Or they could read Mr. Kirby’s report: “the substantial buying power of such an agency would strengthen the public prescription-drug insurance plans to negotiate the lowest possible purchase prices from drug companies.”C] What does “national” mean? Roy Romanow and Senator Michael Kirby recommended a federal-provincial body much like the recently created National Health Council.D] The problem is simple and stark: health-care costs have been, are, and will continue to increase faster than government revenues.E] According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information, prescription drug costs have risen since 1997 at [ [ [ twice the rate of overall health-care spending. Part of the increase comes from drugs being used to replace other kinds of treatments. Part of it arises from new drugs costing more than older kinds. Part of it is higher prices.[F] So, if the provinces want to run the health-care show, they should prove they can run it, starting with an interprovincial health list that would end duplication, save administrative costs, prevent one province from being played off against another, and bargain for better drug prices.[G] Of course, the pharmaceutical companies will scream. They like divided buyers; they can lobby better that way. They can use the threat of removing jobs from one province to another. They can hope that, if one provinceincludes a drug on its list, the pressure will cause others toinclude it on theirs. They wouldn’t like a national agency, but self-interest would lead them to deal with it.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history. History and news become confused, and one’s impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism. (46)Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed —and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe. The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples, their cultures and national identities. With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European television scene. (47) In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful; groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group, while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind.Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete in such a rich and hotly-contested market. (48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 5 0% took a loss in 1989.Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution.(49)Creating a“European identity”that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice—that of producing programs in Europe for Europe.This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market,whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own.In order to achieve these objectives,we must concentrate more on co-productions,the exchange of news, documentary services and training.This also involves the agreements between European countries for thecreation of a European bank for Television Production which,on the model of the European Investments Bank,will handle the finances necessary for production costs.(50)In dealing with a challenge on such a scale,it is no exaggeration to say,“United we stand,divided we fall”—and if I had to choose a slogan it would be“Unity in our diversity.”A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied peculiarities of each country.Section III WritingPart A51.Directions:Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Designs&Fashions.But now you find that the work is not what you expected.You decide to quit.Write a letter to your boss,Mr.Wang,telling him your decision,stating your reason(s),and making an apology.Write your letter with no less than100words.Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter;use“Li Ming”instead.You do not need to write the address.(10points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of160-200words based on the following drawing.In your essay,you should first describe the drawing,then interpret its meaning,and give your comment on it.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.(20points)2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案与解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析这是一篇科普性说明文，文章主要介绍了人类嗅觉的特点及原因。
2005年考研英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2005年考研英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Use of English 2. Reading Comprehension 3. WritingSection I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points)The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, 【B1】this is largely because, 【B2】animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are 【B3】to perceiving those smells which float through the air, 【B4】the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact, 【B5】, we are extremely sensitive to smells, 【B6】we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of 【B7】human smells even when these are 【B8】to far below one part in one million. Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, 【B9】others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate 【B10】smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send 【B11】to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell 【B12】can suddenly become sensitive to it when 【B13】to it often enough. The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it 【B14】to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can 【B15】new receptors if necessary. This may 【B16】explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells—we simply do not need to be. We are not 【B17】of the usual smell of our own house, but we 【B18】new smells when we visit someone else’s. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors 【B19】for unfamiliar and emergency signals 【B20】the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.1．【B1】A．althoughB．asC．butD．while正确答案：C解析：逻辑关系判断。
2005年考研英语一全真试题精解
2005年考研英语一全真试题精解
阅读理解：
1. 文章主旨：文章讲述了网络搜索引擎对现代社会信息获取方式的影响。
2. 答案详解：
文章首先描述了互联网搜索引擎的出现及其带来的便利，如信息检索速度的加快、信息量的增加等。
文章接着提到搜索引擎的局限性，如信息质量的参差不齐、虚假信息的存在等。
最后，文章指出人们应该具备一定的信息筛选和辨别能力，以应对搜索引擎带来的信息过载问题。
3. 正确答案：C. The impact of search engines on modern information retrieval.
翻译：
原文：尽管存在诸多争议，搜索引擎已经成为我们获取信息的主要工具。
译文：Despite numerous controversies, search engines have become the primary tool for us to acquire information.
解析：该句子的翻译较为简单，主要考察了“尽管”的翻译和“获取信息”的表述方式。
译文准确传达了原文的含义，没有出现语法错误或词汇错误。
2005年考研英语真题(英一二通用)-高清版含答案
2005年考研英语真题（英一二通用）-高清版Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)The human nose is an underrated tool.Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals,1this is largely because,2animals,we stand upright.This means that our noses are3to perceiving those smells which float through the air,4the majority of smells which stick to surfaces.In fact,5,we are extremely sensitive to smells,6we do not generally realize it.Our noses are capable of7human smells even when these are8to far below one part in one million.Strangely,some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another,9others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers.This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate10smell receptors in the nose.These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send11to the brain.However,it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell12can suddenly become sensitive to it when13to it often enough.The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that the brain finds it14to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can15new receptors if necessary.This may16explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells–we simply do not need to be.We are not17of the usual smell of our own house,but we18new smells when we visit someone else’s.The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors19for unfamiliar and emergency signals20the smell of smoke,which might indicate the danger of fire.1.[A]although[B]as[C]but[D]while2.[A]above[B]unlike[C]excluding[D]besides3.[A]limited[B]committed[C]dedicated[D]confined4.[A]catching[B]ignoring[C]missing[D]tracking5.[A]anyway[B]though[C]instead[D]therefore6.[A]even if[B]if only[C]only if[D]as if7.[A]distinguishing[B]discovering[C]determining[D]detecting8.[A]diluted[B]dissolved[C]dispersed[D]diffused9.[A]when[B]since[C]for[D]whereas10.[A]unusual[B]particular[C]unique[D]typical11.[A]signs[B]stimuli[C]messages[D]impulses12.[A]at first[B]at all[C]at large[D]at times13.[A]subjected[B]left[C]drawn[D]exposed14.[A]ineffective[B]incompetent[C]inefficient[D]insufficient15.[A]introduce[B]summon[C]trigger[D]create16.[A]still[B]also[C]otherwise[D]nevertheless17.[A]sure[B]sick[C]aware[D]tired18.[A]tolerate[B]repel[C]neglect[D]notice19.[A]available[B]reliable[C]identifiable[D]suitable20.[A]similar to[B]such as[C]along with[D]aside fromSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B, C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(40points)Text1Everybody loves a fat pay rise.Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one.Indeed,if he has a reputation for slacking,you might even be outraged.Such behaviour is regarded as“all too human”, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance.But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta,Georgia,which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey,as well.The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys.They look cute.They are good-natured,co-operative creatures,and they share their food readily.Above all,like their female human counterparts,they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of“goods and services”than males.Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr.Brosnan’s and Dr.de Waal’s study.The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food.Normally,the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber.However,when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers,so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock,their behaviour became markedly different.In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods(and much preferable to cucumbers).So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token,the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber.And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all,the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber,or refused to accept the slice of cucumber.Indeed,the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber(without an actual monkey to eat it)was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin.The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys,like humans,are guided by social emotions.In the wild,they are a co-operative,group-living species.Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation,it seems,are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group.However,whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans,or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had35million years ago,is,as yet,an unanswered question.21.In the opening paragraph,the author introduces his topic by[A]posing a contrast.[B]justifying an assumption.[C]making a comparison.[D]explaining a phenomenon.22.The statement“it is all too monkey”(Last line,Paragraph l)implies that[A]monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals.[B]resenting unfairness is also monkeys’nature.[C]monkeys,like humans,tend to be jealous of each other.[D]no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions.23.Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probablybecause they are[A]more inclined to weigh what they get.[B]attentive to researchers’instructions.[C]nice in both appearance and temperament.[D]more generous than their male companions.24.Dr.Brosnan and Dr.de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys[A]prefer grapes to cucumbers.[B]can be taught to exchange things.[C]will not be co-operative if feeling cheated.[D]are unhappy when separated from others.25.What can we infer from the last paragraph?[A]Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.[B]Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.[C]Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.[D]Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.Text2Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn’t know for sure?That the evidence was inconclusive,the science uncertain?That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way?Lots of Americans bought that nonsense,and over three decades,some10million smokers went to early graves.There are upsetting parallels today,as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming.The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences,enlisted by the White House,to tell us that the Earth’s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made.The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves.The president of the National Academy,Bruce Alberts,added this key point in the preface to the panel’s report:“Science never has all the answers.But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future,and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.”Just as on smoking,voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete,that it’s OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure.This is a dangerous game:by the time100percent of the evidence is in,it may be too late.With the risks obvious and growing,a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.Fortunately,the White House is starting to pay attention.But it’s obvious that a majority of the president’s advisers still don’t take global warming seriously.Instead of a plan of action,they continue to press for more research–a classic case of “paralysis by analysis”.To serve as responsible stewards of the planet,we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research.But research alone is inadequate.If the Administration won’t take the legislative initiative,Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures.A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia,which would offer financial incentives for private industry,is a promising start.Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs.If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere,it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.本资料由微信公众号-世纪高教在线-整理并免费分享 答案解析请参考-考研英语黄皮书26.An argument made by supporters of smoking was that[A]there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death.[B]the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant.[C]people had the freedom to choose their own way of life.[D]antismoking people were usually talking nonsense.27.According to Bruce Alberts,science can serve as[A]a protector.[B]a judge.[C]a critic.[D]a guide.28.What does the author mean by“paralysis by analysis”(Last line,Paragraph4)?[A]Endless studies kill action.[B]Careful investigation reveals truth.[C]Prudent planning hinders progress.[D]Extensive research helps decision-making.29.According to the author,what should theAdministration do about global warming?[A]Offer aid to build cleaner power plants.[B]Raise public awareness of conservation.[C]Press for further scientific research.[D]Take some legislative measures.30.The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because[A]they both suffered from the government’s negligence.[B]a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former.[C]the outcome of the latter aggravates the former.[D]both of them have turned from bad to worse.Text3Of all the components of a good night’s sleep,dreams seem to be least within our control.In dreams,a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak.A century ago,Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears;by the late1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just“mental noise”–the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep.Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind’s emotional thermostat,regulating moods while the brain is“off-line.”And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control,to help us sleep and feel better.“It’s your dream,”says Rosalind Cartwright,chair of psychology at Chicago’s Medical Center.“If you don’t like it, change it.”Evidence from brain imaging supports this view.The brain is as active during REM(rapid eye movement)sleep–when most vivid dreams occur–as it is when fully awake,says Dr.Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh.But not all parts of the brain are equally involved;the limbic system(the“emotional brain”)is especially active,while the prefrontal cortex(the center of intellect and reasoning)is relatively quiet.“We wake up from dreams happy or depressed,and those feelings can stay with us all day.”says Stanford sleep researcher Dr.William Dement.The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright’s clinic.Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening,suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day.Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don’t always think about the emotional significance of the day’s events–until,it appears,we begin to dream.And this process need not be left to the unconscious.Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams.As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream.Visualize how you would like it to end instead;the next time it occurs,try to wake up just enough to control its course.With much practice people can learn to,literally,do it in their sleep.At the end of the day,there’s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or“we wake up in a panic,”Cartwright says. Terrorism,economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people’s anxiety.Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist.For the rest of us,the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep–or rather dream–on it and you’ll feel better in the morning.31.Researchers have come to believe that dreams[A]can be modified in their courses.[B]are susceptible to emotional changes.[C]reflect our innermost desires and fears.[D]are a random outcome of neural repairs.32.By referring to the limbic system,the author intends to show[A]its function in our dreams.[B]the mechanism of REM sleep.[C]the relation of dreams to emotions.[D]its difference from the prefrontal cortex.33.The negative feelings generated during the day tend to[A]aggravate in our unconscious mind.[B]develop into happy dreams.[C]persist till the time we fall asleep.[D]show up in dreams early at night.34.Cartwright seems to suggest that[A]waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams.[B]visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control.[C]dreams should be left to their natural progression.[D]dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious.35.What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have bad dreams?[A]Lead your life as usual.[B]Seek professional help.[C]Exercise conscious control.[D]Avoid anxiety in the daytime.Text4Americans no longer expect public figures,whether in speech or in writing,to command the English language with skill and gift.Nor do they aspire to such command themselves.In his latest book,Doing Our Own Thing:The Degradation of Language and Music and Why We Should Like,Care,John McWhorter,a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views,sees the triumph of1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.Blaming the permissive1960s is nothing new,but this is not yet another criticism against the decline in education.Mr.McWhorter’s academic speciality is language history and change,and he sees the gradual disappearance of“whom”,for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English.But the cult of the authentic and the personal,“doing our own thing”,has spelt the death of formal speech,writing,poetry and music.While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the1960s,even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page.Equally,in poetry,the highly personal,performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness.In both oral and written English,talking is triumphing over speaking,spontaneity over craft.Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend that Mr.McWhorter documents is unmistakable.But it is less clear,to take the question of his subtitle,why we should,like,care.As a linguist,he acknowledges that all varieties of human language,including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive–there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas.He is not arguing,as many do,that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper.Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads,while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to most English-speakers.Mr.McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary,and proposes no radical education reforms–he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful.We now take our English“on paper plates instead of china”.A shame, perhaps,but probably an inevitable one.36.According to Mc Whorter,the decline of formal English[A]is inevitable in radical education reforms.[B]is but all too natural in language development.[C]has caused the controversy over the counter-culture.[D]brought about changes in public attitudes in the1960s.37.The word“talking”(Line6,Paragraph3)denotes[A]modesty.[B]personality.[C]liveliness.[D]informality.38.To which of the following statements would McWhorter most likely agree?[A]Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk.[B]Black English can be more expressive than standard English.[C]Non-standard varieties of human language are just as entertaining.[D]Of all the varieties,standard English can best convey complex ideas.39.The description of Russians’love of memorizing poetry shows the author’s[A]interest in their language.[B]appreciation of their efforts.[C]admiration for their memory.[D]contempt for their old-fashionedness.40.According to the last paragraph,“paper plates”is to“china”as[A]“temporary”is to“permanent”.[B]“radical”is to“conservative”.[C]“functional”is to“artistic”.[D]“humble”is to“noble”.Part BDirections:In the following text,some sentences have been removed.For Questions 41-45,choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks.There are two extra choices,which do not fit in any of the gaps.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10points)Canada’s premiers (the leaders of provincial governments),if they have any breath left after complaining about Ottawa at their late July annual meeting,might spare a moment to do something,together,to reduce health-care costs.(42)____________________But “national”doesn’t have to mean that.“National”could mean interprovincial –provinces combining efforts to create one body.Either way,one benefit of a “national”organization would be to negotiate better prices,if possible,with drug manufacturers.Instead of having one province –or a series of hospitals within a province –negotiate a price for a given drug on the provincial list,the national agency would negotiate on behalf of all provinces.A few premiers are suspicious of any federal-provincial deal-making.They (particularly Quebec and Alberta)just want Ottawa to fork over additional billions with few,if any,strings attached.That’s one reason why the idea of a national list hasn’t gone anywhere,while drug costs keep rising fast.(41)____________________What to do?Both the Romanow commission and the Kirby committee on health care –to say nothing of reports from other experts –recommended the creation of a national drug agency.Instead of each province having its own list of approved drugs,bureaucracy,procedures and limited bargaining power,all would pool resources,work with Ottawa,and create a national institution.Rather than,say,Quebec,negotiating on behalf of seven million people,the national agency would negotiate on behalf of 31million people.Basic economics suggests the greater the potential consumers,the higher the likelihood of a better price.They’re all groaning about soaring health budgets,the fastest-growing component of which are pharmaceutical costs.(43)___________________A small step has been taken in the direction of a national agency with the creation of the Canadian Co-ordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment,funded by Ottawa and the provinces.Under it,a Common Drug Review recommends toprovincial lists which new drugs should be included.Predictably,and regrettably,Quebec refused to join.(44)____________________Premiers love to quote Mr.Romanow’s report selectively,especially the parts about more federal money.Perhaps they should read what he had to say about drugs ：“A national drug agency would provide governments more influence on pharmaceutical companies in order to try to constrain the ever-increasing cost of drugs.”such an agency would strengthen the public prescription-drug insurance plans to negotiate the lowest possible purchase prices from drug companies.”[C]What does “national”mean?Roy Romanow and Senator Michael Kirby continue to increase faster than government revenues.[E]According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information,prescription drug run it,starting with an interprovincial health list that would end duplication,save administrative costs,prevent one province from being played off against another,and bargain for better drug prices.[G]Of course,the pharmaceutical companies will scream.They like divided buyers;they can lobby better that way.They can use the threat of removing jobs from one province to another.They can hope that,if one province includes a drug on its list,the pressure will cause others to include it on theirs.They wouldn’t like a national agency,but self-interest would lead them to deal with it.(45)____________________So when the premiers gather in Niagara Falls to assemble their usual complaint list,they should also get cracking about something in their jurisdiction that would help their budgets and patients.[A]Quebec’s resistance to a national agency is provincialist ideology.One of the first advocates for a national list was a researcher at Laval University.Quebec’s Drug Insurance Fund has seen its costs skyrocket with annual increases from 14.3per cent to 26.8per cent![B]Or they could read Mr.Kirby’s report:“The substantial buying power of recommended a federal-provincial body much like the recently created National Health Council.[D]The problem is simple and stark:health-care costs have been,are,and will costs have risen since 1997at twice the rate of overall health-care spending.Part of the increase comes from drugs being used to replace other kinds of treatments.Part of it arises from new drugs costing more than older kinds.Part of it is higher prices.[F]So,if the provinces want to run the health-care show,they should prove they canPart CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10points)Moreover,the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution.In order to achieve these objectives,we must concentrate more on co-productions,the exchange of news,documentary services and training.This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank for Television Production which,on the model of the European Investments Bank,will handle the finances necessary for production costs.(50)In dealing with a challenge on such a scale,it is no exaggeration to say,“United we stand,divided we fall”–and if I had to choose a slogan it would be “Unity in our diversity.”A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied peculiarities of each country.Clearly,only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete in such a rich and hotly-contested market.(48)This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in,a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks,no less than 50%took a loss in 1989.It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history.History and news become confused,and one’s impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism.(46)Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed –and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples,their cultures and national identities.With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European television scene.(47)In Europe,as elsewhere,multi-media groups have been increasingly successful;groups which bring together television,radio,newspapers,magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group,while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind.(49)Creating a “European identity”that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice –that of producing programs in Europe for Europe.This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market,whoseprograms relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own.Section III WritingPart A51.Directions:Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Designs&Fashions. But now you find that the work is not what you expected.You decide to quit.Write a letter to your boss,Mr.Wang,telling him your decision,stating your reason(s),and making an apology.Write your letter with no less than100words.Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter;use“Li Ming”instead. You do not need to write the address.(10points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of160–200words based on the following drawing.In your essay, you should first describe the drawing,then interpret its meaning,and give your comment on it.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.(20points)2005年全真试题答案Section Ⅰ Use of English1.C2.B3.A4.C5.B6.A7.D8.A9.D 10.B11.C 12.A 13.D 14.C 15.D 16.B 17.C 18.D 19.A 20.B Section Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart AText 1 21.C 22.B 23.A 24.C 25.BText 2 26.C 27.D 28.A 29.D 30.BText 3 31.A 32.C 33.D 34.D 35.AText 4 36.B 37.D 38.A 39.B 40.CPart B41.E 42.C 43.G 44.F 45.BPart C46.电视是引发并传达这些情绪的方式之一，在加强不同民族和国家间的联系方面，或许它从未像在近来欧洲事务中那样起过如此大的作用。
2005年考研英语二真题和答案
2005年1月份MBA联考英语真题Section I VocabularyDirections:There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 with a pencil.(10 points)1．Advertisers often aim their campaigns at young people as they have considerable spending______.A．power B．force C．energy D．ability2．We’ve bought some _______chairs for the garden so that they are easy to store away.A．adapting B．adjusting C．bending D．folding3．The new speed restrictions were a __debated issue.A．heavily B．hotly C．deeply D．profoundly4．His change of job has ____him with a new challenge in life A．introduced B．initiated C．presentedD．led5．No ________you’re hungry if you haven’t eaten since yesterday. A．matter B．surprise C．wonder D．problem6．The pianist played beautifully, showing a real _______for the music. A．feeling B．understanding C．appreciation D．sense7．The boss ______into a rage and started shouting at Robert to do as he was told.A．flew B．charged C．rushed D．burst8．Politicians should never lose _______of the needs of the people they representA．view B．sight C．regard D．prospect9．The employees tried to settle the dispute by direct ____with the boss. A．negotiation B．connection C．association D．communication10．You haven’t heard all the facts so don’t _____to conclusions.A．dash B．jump C．much D．fly11．I am ______aware of the need to obey the rules of the competition.A．greatly B．far C．much D．well12．The manager has always attended to the ____of important business himself.A．transaction B．solution C．translation D．stimulation13．As is known to all, a country gets a (an) ____from taxes. A．income B．revenue C．fund D．payment14．The government has decided to reduce ____on all imports.A．fee B．charge C．tariff D．tuition15．The need for financial provision ___not only to producers but also to consumers.A．connects B．links C．associates D．relates16．The ability of bank to create deposits is determined by the ratio of liquid assets which they___A．mount B．contain C．remain D．maintain17．The first serious prospect of a cure for Aids, atreatment which delays its effects ,ha emerged recently.A．other than B．rather than C．more than D．less than18．His parents died when he was young ,so he was by his grandma .A．bred B．brought C．fed D．grown19．The Japanese dollar-buying makes traders eager to dollars in fear of another government intervention .A．let in B．let out C．let go of D．let off20．The local people could hardly think of any good way to the disaster of the war .A．shake off B．get off C．put off D．take offSection II CloseDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage ,there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 with a pencil. (15 points)A few decades ago, the world banking community invented new Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) systems to move money more efficientlyacross countries and around the globe. The ___21__benefit of such systems was to __22___the float of capital that was unavailable for ? __23__ checks were being cleared through banking__24__. Today, we understand that benefits of electronic banking are far more _25__ than just reducing floating cash. The world of banking__26__revolutionizeD．It is __27_ more efficient and faster, but more global. And now_28_the Internet, EFT systems are increasingly __29__with the new world of e-commerce and e-trade.__30__1997 and 2003, EFT value__31__from less than $50 trillion to nearly $40 trillion, more than the __32__economic product of all the countries and territories of the entire world. These statistics__33__should emphasize the true importance of transnational EFT Satellite, wireless, and cable-based electronic fund transfers _34__ the hub of global enterprise. Such electronic cash is _35__central to the idea of an emerging “worldwide mind.” Without the satellite and fiber infrastructure to support the flow of electronic funds, the world economy would grind to a halt. 21．A．hiding B．getting C．driving D．giving22．A．introduce B．reduce C．produce D．increase23．A．which B．that C．while D．where24．A．mechanics B．methods C．procedures D．systems25．A．extensive B．intensive C．profound D．great26．A．is B．has C．has been D．had been27．A．far B．even C．just D．not only28．A．with B．by C．for D．on29．A．linked B．integrated C．controlled D．joined30．A．Between B．In C．From D．Among31．A．decreased B．raised C．elevated D．soared32．A．gross B．accelerated C．combined D．collective33．A．lonely B．alone C．only D．merely34．A．present B．represent C．reserve D．comprehend35．A．so B．nevertheless C．thereafter D．thereforeSection III Reading ComprehensionDirections:Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C, and D. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 with a pencil. (15 points)Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:Working at nonstandard times－evenings, nights, or weekends－is taking its toll on American families. One-fifth of all employed Americans work variable or rotating shifts, and one-third work weekends, according to Harriet B. Presser, sociology professor at the University of Maryland. The result is stress on familial relationships, which is likely to continue in coming decades.The consequences of working irregular hours vary according to gender, economic level, and whether or not children are involved. Single mothers are more likely to work nights and weekends than married mothers. Women in clerical, sales, or other low-paying jobs participate disproportionately in working late and graveyard shifts.Married-couple households with children are increasingly becoming dual-earner households, generating more split-shift couples. School-aged children, however, may benefit from parents’ nonstandard work schedules because of the greater likelihood that a parent will be home before or after school. On the other hand, a correlation exists between nonstandard work schedules and both marital instability and a decline in the quality of marriages.Nonstandard working hours mean families spend less time together for diner but more time together for breakfast. One-on-one interaction between parents and children varies, however, based on parent, shift, and age of children. There is also a greater reliance on child care by relatives and by professional providers.Working nonstandard hours is less a choice of employees and more a mandate of employer. Presser believes that the need for swing shifts and weekend work will continue to rise in the coming decades. She reports that in some European countries there are substantial salary premiums for employees working irregular hours-sometimes as much as 50% higher. The convenience of having services available 24 hours a day continues to drive this trend.Unfortunately, says Presser, the issue is virtually absent from public discourse. She emphasizes the need for focused studies on costs and benefits of working odd hours, the physical and emotional health ofpeople working nights and weekends, and the reasons behind the necessity for working these hours. “Nonstandard work schedules not only are highly prevalent among American families but also generate a level of complexity in family functioning that needs greater attention,” she says. 36．Which of the following demonstrates that working at nonstandard times is taking its toll on American families？A．Stress on familial relationships．B．Rotating shifts.C．Evenings，nights，or weekends.D．Its consequences.37．Which of the following is affected most by working irregular hours？A．Children.B．Marriage.C．Single mothers.D．Working women.38．Who would be in favor of the practice of working nonstandard hours？A．Children.B．Parents.C．EmployeesD．Professional child providers.39．It is implied that the consequences of nonstandard work schedulesare .A．emphasizedB．absentC．neglectedD．prevalent40．What is the author’s attitude towards working irregular hours？A．Positive.B．Negative.C．Indifferent.D．Objective.Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:Most human beings actual1y decide before they think. When any human being－executive, specialized expert, or person in the street－encounters a complex issue and forms an opinion, often within a matter of seconds, how thoroughly has he or she explored the implications of the various courses of action? Answer: not very thoroughly. Very few people, no matter how inte1ligent or experienced, can take inventory of themany branching possibilities, possible outcomes, side effects, and undesired consequences of a policy or a course of action in a matter of seconds. Yet, those who pride themse1ves on being decisive often try to do just that. And once their brains lock onto an opinion, most of their thinking thereafter consists of finding support for it.A very serious side effect of argumentative decision making can be a lack of support for the chosen course of action on the pat of the “losing” faction. When one faction wins the meeting and the others see themselves as losing, the battle often doesn’t end when the meeting ends. Anger, resentment, and jealousy may lead them to sabotage the 4ecision later, or to reopen the debate at later meetings.There is a better. As philosopher Aldous Huxley said, “It isn’t who is right, but what is right, that counts.”The structured-inquiry method offers a better alternative to argumentative decision making by debate. With the help of the Internet and wireless computer technology the gap between experts and executives is now being dramatically closed. By actually putting the brakes on the thinking process, slowing it d own, and organizing the flow of logic, it’s possible to create a level of clarity that sheer argumentation can never match. The structured-inquiry process introduces a level of conceptual clarity by organizing the contributions of the experts, then brings the experts and the decision makers closer together. Although it isn’t possible ornecessary for a president or prime minister to listen in on every intelligence analysis meeting, it’s possible to organize the experts’ information to give the decision maker much greater insight as to its meaning. This process may somewhat resemble a marketing focus group; it’s a simple, remarkably clever way to bring decis ion makers closer to the source of the expert information and opinions on which they must base their decisions.4l．From the first paragraph we can learn that . A．executive, specialized expert, are no more clever than person in the streetB．very few people dec1de before they thinkC．those who pride themselves on being decisive often fail to do so D．people tend to consider carefully before making decisions42．Judging from the context, what does the word “them”(line 4, paragraph 2) refer to?A．Decision makers.B．The “losing”faction.C．Anger, resentment, and jealousy.D．Other people.43．Aldous Huxley’s remark (Paragraph 3) implies that . A．there is a subtle difference between right and wrongB．we cannot tell who is right and what is wrongC．what is right is more important than who is rightD．what is right accounts for the question who is right44．According to the author, the function of the structured-inquiry method is .A．to make decision by debateB．to apply the Internet and wireless computer technology.C．to brake on the thinking process, slowing it downD．to create a level of conceptual clarity45．The structured-inquiry process can be useful for . A．decision makersB．intelligence analysis meetingC．the experts’informationD．marketing focus groupsQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage:Sport is heading for an indissoluble marriage with television and the passive spectator will enjoy a private paradise. All of this will be in the future of sport. The spectator (the television audience) will be the priority and professional clubs will have to readjust their structures toadapt to the new reality: sport as a business.The new technologies will mean that spectators will no longer have to wait for broadcasts by the conventional channels. They will be the ones who decide what to see. And they will have to pay for it. In the United States the system of the future has already started: pay-as-you-view. Everything will be offered by television and the spectator will only have to choose. The review Sports Illustrated recently published a full profile of the life of the supporter at home in the middle of the next century. It explained that the consumers would be able to select their view of the match on a gigantic, flat screen occupying the whole of one wall, with images of a clarity which cannot be foreseen at present; they could watch from the trainer’s stands just behind the batter in a game of baseball or from the helmet of the star player in an American football game. And at their disposal will be the sane option s the producer of the recorded programmer has to select replays, to choose which camera to me and to decide on the sound whether to hear the public, the players, the trainer and so on.Many sports executives, largely too old and too conservative to feel at home with the new technologies will believe that sport must control the expansion of television coverage in order to survive and ensure that spectators attend matches. They do not even accept the evidence which contradicts their view while there is more basketball than ever ontelevision, for example, it is also certain that basketball is more popular than ever.It is also the argument of these sports executives that television harming the modest team. This is true, but the future of those teams is also modest. They have reached their ceiling . It is the law of the market. The great events continually attract larger audience.The world I being constructed on new technologies so that people can make the utmost use of their time and , in their home have access to the greatest possible range of recreational activities. Sport will have to adapt itself to the new world.The most visionary executives go further. That philosophy is: rather than see television take over sport why not have sports taken over television?46．What does the writer mean by use of the phrase “an indissoluble marriage”in the first paragraph?A．sport is combined with television.B．sport controls television.C．television dictates sports.D．Sport and television will go their own ways47．What does “they”in line 2 paragraph 2 stand for?A．Broadcasts.B．Channels.C．Spectators.D．Technologies.48．How do many sports executives feel with the new technologies? A．they are too old to do anything.B．They feel ill at ease.C．They feel completely at home.D．Technologies can go hand in hand with sports.49．What is going to be discussed in the following paragraphs? A．the philosophy of visionary executives.B．The process of television taking over sport.C．Television coverage expansion.D．An example to show how sport has taken over television. 50．What might be the appropriate title of this passage?A．the arguments of sports executives.B．The philosophy of visionary executives.C．Sports and television in the 21st century.D．Sports: a business.Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:Convenience food helps companies by creating growth, but what is its effect on people? For people who think cooking was the foundation of civilization ,the microwave is the last enemy. The communion of eating togetherIs easily broken by a device that liberates households citizens from waiting for mealtimes. The first great revolution in the history of food is in danger of being undone. The companionship of the campfire, cooking pot and common table, which have helped to bond humans in collaborative living for at least 150000 years could be destroyed.Meals have certainly sated from the rise of convenience food. The only meals regularly taken together in Britain these days are at the weekend, among rich families struggling to retain something of the old symbol of togetherness. Indeed, the day’s first meal has all but disappeared. In the 20th century the leisure British breakfast was undermined by the corn flake; in the 21st breakfast is vanishing altogether a victim of the quick cup of coffee in Starbucks and the cereal bar.Convenience food has also made people forget how to cook one of the apparent paradoxes of modern food is that while the amount of time spent cooking meals has fallen from 60 minutes a day in 1980 to 13M a day in 2002, the number of cooks and television programmer on cooking has multiplied. But perhaps this isn’t a paradox. Maybe it isbecame people can’t cook anymore, so they need to be told how to do it, or maybe it is because people buy books about hobbies---golf, yachting ---not about chores. Cooking has ceased to be a chore and has become a hobby.Although everybody lives in the kitchen. its facilities are increasingly for display rather than for use. Mr. Silverstein’s now book, ”trading up” look at mid-range consumer’s milling now to splash out. He says that industrial –style Viking cook pot, with nearly twice the heat output of other ranges, have helped to push the “kitchen as theater” trend in hour goods. They cost from $1000 to $9000.Some 75% of them are never used.Convenience also has an impact on the healthiness, or otherwise, of food ,of course there is nothing bad about ready to eat food itself. You don’t get much healthier than an apple, and supermarkets sell a better for you range of ready-meals. But there is a limit to the number of apples people want to eat; and these days it is easier for people to eat the kind of food that makes them fat The three Harvard economists in their paper “why have Americans become more obese?” point out that in the past, if people wanted to eat fatty hot food, they had to cook it. That took time and energy a good chip needs frying twice, once to cook the potato and once to get it crispy. Which discouraged of consumption of that cost of food. Mass preparation offood took away that constraint. Nobody has to cut and double cook their own fries these days. Who has the time?51．What might the previous paragraphs deal with?A．The relationship between meals and convenience food.B．The importance of convenience food in people’s life.C．The rise of convenience food.D．The history of food industry.52 ．What is the paradox in the third paragraph?A．People don’t know how to cook.B．The facilities in the kitchen are not totally used.C．People are becoming more obsess ,thus unhealthy.D．Convenience food actually does not save people thrive.53．What does the passage mainly discuss?A．The bad effects of convenience foodB．Mr. Silverstein’s new bookC．People’s new hobbyD．Disappearance of the old symbol of togetherness.54．Why has American become more obsess?A．Because of eating chips.B．Because of being busy.C．Because of being lazy.D．B and C.55 ．Which of the following might the another mostly agree with? A．There is nothing bad about convenience food.B．Convenience food makes people lazy.C．Convenience food helps companies grow.D．Convenience food is a revolution in cooking.Section IV TranslationDirections:In this section there is a passage in English. Translate the five sentences underlined into Chinese and write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)An art museum director with foresight might follow trends in computer graphics to make exhibit more appealing to younger visitor.For instances, capable corporate manager might see alarming rise in local housing price that could affect availability of skilled workers in the region.People in government also need foresight to keep system running smoothly, to play budget and prevent war.word格式文档Many of the best known technique for foresight were developed by government planner, especially in the military, thinking about the unthinkable.The futurist recognized that the future world is continuing with preset world. We can learn a great deal about what many happen in the future by looking systematically at what is happy now.Section V WritingDirections:In this section, you are require to write a composition. You should write more than 150 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)（大意）“五一”、“十一”长假已逐步为人们所习惯，她给百姓带来了充足的娱乐休闲机会，更促进了旅游经济的发展。
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绝密★启用前2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业学位联考英语试卷考生需知1.选择题的答案需用2B铅笔填涂在答题卡上，其它笔填涂的或做在试卷或其它类型答题卡上的答案无效。
2.其它题一律用蓝色或黑色钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸上按规定要求作答，凡做在试卷上或未做在制定位置的答案无效。
3.交卷时，请配合监考人员验收，并请监考人员在准考证相应位置签字（作为考生交卷的凭据）。
否则，所产生的一切后果由考生自负。
SectionⅠVocabulary (10 points)Directions:There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section For each sentence thee are four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and mark your angers on ANSWER SHEET 1 with a pencil ( 10 points)1. Advertises often aim their campaigns at young people as they have considerable spending _____.abilityenergy D.A.power B.force C.2. We've bought some ______ chairs for the garden so that they are easy to store awaybinding D.C.foldingadjustingA.adapting B.3. The new speed restrictions were a ______ debated issue,profoundlydeeply D.heavily B.A.hotly C.4. His change of job has ____ him with a new challenge in lifeledpresented D.A.introduced B.initiated C.5. No _____you're hungry if you haven't eaten since yesterdayproblemwonder D.A.matter B.surprise C.6. The pianist played beautifully, showing a real _____ for the musicA.appreciation D.sense feeling B.understanding C.7. The boss into a rage and started shouting at Robert to do as he was toldrushed D.burstcharged C.flewA.B.8. Politicians should never lose ______ of the needs of the people they representC.prospectregard D.sightA.view B.9. The employees tried to settle the dispute by direct _____with the bosscommunicationassociation D.A,negotiation B.connection C.10. You haven't heard all the facts so don't _____ to conclusionsA. dashB. jumpC. muchD. fly11. I am _____ aware of the need to obey the vales of the competitionA. greatlyB. farC. muchD. well12. The manager has always attended to the _____ of important business himselfstimulationtranslation D.A.solution C.transaction B.13. As is known to all a country gets a (an) ______from taxesD.ARindpayment income B.revenue C.I4, The government has decided to reduce ______ on all imports.tuitiontariff D.A.fee B.charge C.15. The need for financial provision not only to producers but also to consumers.associates D.A.Crelates connects B.links16. The ability of bank to create deposits is determined by the ratio of liouid assets which they___.maintainremain D.A.mount. B.contain C.17 .The first serious prospect of a cure for Aids_____a treatment which delays its effects ha emergedA. other thanB. rather thanC. more thanD. less than18. His parents died when he was young, so he was ____ by his grandmafed D.grownbrought C.A.bredB.19.The Japanese dollar-buying makes traders eager to____dollars in fear of another government interA. let inB. let outC. let go ofD. let off20. The local people could hardly think of any good way to ______ the disaster of the warA. shake offB. get offC. put offD. take offSection Ⅱcloze (15 points)Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET 1with a pencil.A few decades ago, the world banking community invented new Electronic Funds Transfer FT) systems to move money more efficiently across countries and around the globe. The 21 benefit of such systems was to___22___the float of capital that was unavailable for _23_checks were being cleared through banking ___24___. Today, we understand that the benefits of electronic banking___26__revolutionized. It is ___27__more efficient and faster, but also more global. And now_28___the Internet, EFT systems are increasingly _29___with the new world of e-commerce ande-trade._30_1997 and 2003, EFT value __31_from less than $50 trillion to nearly $400 trillion, more than the _32___econmic product of all the countries and territories of the entire world. These statistics _33__should emphasize the importance of transnational EFT, satellite, wireless, andcable-based electronic fund transfers __34_the hub of global enterprise. Such electronic cash is__35__central to the idea of an emerging “worldwide mind”. Without the satellite and fiber infrastructure to support the flow of electronic funds ,the world economy would grind to a halt.givingdriving D.getting C.21.A.hiding B.produce D.increasereduce C.B.22.A.introducewhile D.wherethat C.which B.A.23.procedures D.systemsmethods C.mechanics B.A.24.25. A. extensive B. intensive C. profound D. greatbeenD.hadhasbeenhas C.A.26.is B.just D.notonlyC.evenfar B.27.A.for D.by C.on28.A.with B.29. A. linked B. integrated C. controlled D. joinedForm D.In C.Among Between B.30.A.elevated D.soaredraised C.decreased B.31.A32. A. gross B. accelerated C. combined D. collectiveonly D.alone C.merely lonely B.33.A.reserve D.comprehendC.present B.34.A.represent35. A. so B. nevertheless C. thereafter D. thereforeSection ⅢReading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET 1 with a pencil.Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:Working at nonstandard times-evenings, nights, or weekends-is taking its toll on American families. One-fifth of all employed Americans work variable or rotating shifts, and one-third work weekends, according to Harried B. Presser, sociology professor at the University of Maryland. The result is stress on familial relationships, which is likely to continue in coming decades.The consequences of working irregular hours vary according to gender, economic level, and whether or not children are involved. Single mothers are more likely to work nights and weekends than married mothers. Women in clerical, sales, or other low-paying jobs participatedisproportionately in working late and graveyard shifts.Married-couple households with children are increasingly becoming dual-earner households, generating more split-shift couples. School-aged children, however, may benefit from parents’ nonstandard work schedules because of the greater likelihood that a parent will be home before ofafter school. On the other hand, a correlation exists between nonstandard work schedules and both marital instability and a decline in the quality of marriages.Nonstandard working hours mean families spend less time together for dinner but more time together for breakfast. One-on-one interaction between parents and children varies, however, basedon parent, shift, and age of children. There is also a greater reliance on child care by relatives and by professional providers.Working nonstandard hours is less a choice of employees and more a mandate of employers. Presser believes that the need for swing shifts and weekend work will continue to rise in the coming decades. She reports that in some European countries there are substantial salary premiums for employees working irregular hours-sometimes as much as 50% higher. The convenience of having services available 24 hours a day continues to drive this trend.Unfortunately, says Presser, the issue is virtually absent from public discourse, She emphasizesthe need for focused studies on costs and benefits of working odd hours, the physical and emotional health of people working nights and weekends, and the reasons behind the necessity for workingthese hours. “Nonstandard work schedules not only ard highly prevalent among American familiesbut also generate a level of complexity in family functioning that needs greater attention,” she says . 36. Which of the following demonstrates that working at nonstandard times is taking its toll on American families?A. Stress on familial relationships.B. rotating shifts.C. Evenings, night, or weekends.D. Its consequences.37. Which of the following is affected most by working irregular hours?A. Children.B. MarriageC. Single mothersD. Working women38. Who would be in favor of the practice of working nonstandard hours?childprovidersProfessionalParents C.A.Children B.Employees D.39. It is implied that the consequences of nonstandard work schedules are______prevalentabsent C.neglected D.emphasized B.A.40. What is the author’s attitude towards working irregular hours?C.Indifferent D.ObjectiveNegativePositive B.A.Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:Most human beings actually decide before they think. When any human being-executive, specialized expert, or person in the street-encounters a complex issue and forms an opinion, often within a matter of seconds, how thoroughly has he or she explored the implications of the various courses of action? Answer: not very thoroughly. Very few people, no matter how intelligent or experienced, can take inventory of the many branching possibilities, possible outcomes, side effects, and undesired consequences of a policy or a course of action in matter of seconds. Yet, those who pride themselves on being decisive often try to do just that. And once their brains lock onto an opinion, most of their thinking thereafter consists of finding support for it. （from:）A very serious side effect of argumentative decision making can be a lack of support for the chosen course of action on the part of the “losing” faction. When one faction wins the meeting and the others see themselves as losing, the battle often doesn’t end when the meeting ends. Anger, resentment, and jealousy may lead them to sabotage the decision later, or to reopen the debate at later meetings.There is a better way. As philosopher Aldous Huxley said, “It isn’t who is right, but what is right, that counts.”The structured-inquiry method offers a better alternative to argumentative decision making by debate. With the help of the Internet and wireless computer technology, the gap between experts and executives is now being dramatically closed. By actually putting the brakes on the thinking process, slowing it down, and organizing the flow of logic, it’s possible to create a level of clarity that sheer argumentation can never match.The structured-inquiry process introduces a level of conceptual clarity by organizing the contributions of the experts, then brings the experts and the decision makers closer together. Although it isn’t possible or necessary for a president or prime minister to listen in on every intelligence analysis as to its meaning. This process may somewhat resemble a marketing focus group; it’s simple, remarkably clever way to bring decision makers closer to the source of the expertinformation and opinions on which they must base their decisions.41. From the first paragraph we can learn that _____.A. executive, specialized expert, are no more clever than person in the streetB. very few people decide before they thinkC. those who pride themselves on being decisive often fail to do soD. People tend to consider carefully before making decisions42. Judging from the context, what does the word “them” (line 4, paragraph 2) refer to?makersA.DecisionB. the “losing” factionC. Anger, resentment, and jealousyD. Other people43. Aldous Huxley’s remark (paragraph 3) implies that ______.A. there is a subtle difference between right and wrongB. we cannot tell who is right and what is wrongC. what is rights is more important than who is rightD. what is right accounts for the question who is right44. According to the author, the function of the structured-inquiry method is ______.A. to make decision by debateB. to apply the internet and wireless computer technologyC. to brake on the thinking process, slowing it downD. to create a level of conceptual clarity45. The structured-inquiry process can be useful for ______.makersA.decisionB. intelligence analysis meetingC. the expert’s informationD. marketing focus groupsQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage:Sport is heading for an indissoluble marriage with television and the passive spectator will enjoy a private paradise. All of this will be in the future of sport. The spectator (the television audience)will be the priority（优先）and professional clubs will have to readjust their structures to adapt to the new reality: sport as a business.The new technologies will mean that spectator will no longer have to wait for broadcasts by the conventional channels. They will be the ones who decide what to see. And they will have to pay for it. In the United States the system of the future has already started: pay-as-you-view. Everything will be offered by television and the spectator will only have to choose. The review Sports Illustrated recently published a full profile of the life of the supporter at home in the middle of the next century. It explained that the consumers would be able to select their view of the match on a gigantic, flat screen occupying the whole of one wall, with images of a clarity which cannot be foreseen at present; they could watch from the trainer’s bench, from the stands just behind the batter in a game of baseball or from the helmet of the star player in an American football game. And at their disposalwill be the same options the producer of the recorded programme has: to select replays, to choose which camera to use and to decide on the sound—whether to hear the public, the players, the trainer and so on..Many sports executives, largely too old and too conservative to feel at home with the new technologies, will believe that sport must control the expansion of television coverage in order to survive and ensure that spectators attend matches. They do not even accept the evidence which contradicts their view: while there is more basketball than ever on television, for example, it is also certain that basketball is more popular than ever.It is also the argument of these sports executives that television is harming the modest teams. This is true, but the future of those teams is also modest. They have reached their ceiling. It is true, but the future of those teams is also modest. They have reached their ceiling. It is the law of the market. The great evens continually attract larger audiences.The world is being constructed on new technologies so that people can make the utmost use of their time and, in their home, have access to the greatest possible range of recreational activities. Sport will have to adapt itself to the new world.The most visionary executives go further. Their philosophy is: rather than see television take over sport, why not have sports taken over television?46. What does the writer mean by the use of the phrase “an indissoluble marriage” in the first paragraph?A. Sport is combined with television.B. Sport controls television.C. Television dictates sport.D. Sport and television will go their own ways.47. What does “they” in line 2, paragraph 2stand for?broadcasts B.channelsA.technologiesC.spectators D.48. How do many sports executives feel with the new technologies?A. They are too old to do anythingB. They feel ill at ease.C. They feel completely at home.D. Technologies can go hand in hand with sports49. What is going to be discussed in the following paragraphs?A. The philosophy of visionary executives.B. The process of television taking over sport.C. Television coverage expansion.D. An example to show how sport has taken over television.50. What might be the appropriate title of this passage?A. The arguments of sports executives.B. The philosophy of visionary executives.C. Sport and television in the 21 century.D. Sport: a business.Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:Convenience food helps companies by creating growth; but what is its effect on people? For people who think cooking was the foundation of civilization, the microwave is the last enemy. The communion (共享) of eating together is easily broken by a device that liberates household citizens from waiting for mealtimes. The first great revolution in the history of food is in danger of being undone. The companionship of the campfire, cooking pot and common table, which have helped to bond humans in collaborative living for at least 150 000 years, could be destroyed.Meals have certainly suffered from the rise of convenience food. The only meals regularly takentogether in Britain these days are at the weekend, among rich families struggling to retain something of the old symbol of togetherness. Indeed, the day’s first meal has all but disappeared. In the 21st breakfast is vanishing altogether, a victim of the quick cup of coffee in Starbucks and the cereal bar.Convenience food has also made people forget how to cook.. One of the apparent paradoxes of modern food is that, while the amount of time spent cooking meals has fallen from 60 minutes a day in 1980 to 13 minutes a day in 2002, the number of books and television programmes on cooking has multiplied. But perhaps this isn’t paradox. Maybe it is because people can’t cooking has multiplied. But perhaps this isn’t paradox. Maybe it is because people can’t cook any more. So they need to be told how to do it. Or maybe it is because people buy books about hobbies—golf, yachting—not about chores. Cooking has ceased to be a chore and has become a hobby.Although everybody lives in the kitchen, its facilities are increasingly for display rather than for use. Mr. Silverstein’s new book, “Trading Up”, looks at mid-range consumers’ willingness to splash out. He says that industrial-style Viking cooktpos, with nearly twice the heat output of other ranges, have helped to push the “kitchen as theatre” trend in home goods. They cost from ＄1 000 to ＄9 000.Some 75% of them are never used.Convenience also has an impact on the healthiness, or otherwise, Of course, there is nothing bad about ready-to –eat food itself. You don’t get much healthier than an apple, and all supermarkets sell a better-for-you range of ready-meals. But there is a limit to the number of apples people want to eat; and these days it is easier for people to eat the kind of food that makes them fat.The three Harvard economists in their paper “Why have Americans become more obese?” point out that, in the past, if people wanted to eat fatty hot food, they had cook it. That took time and energy—a good chip needs frying twice, once to cook the potato and once to get it crispy(脆) —which discouraged consumption of that sort or food. Mass preparation of food took away that constraint. Nobody has to cut and double-cook their own fries these days. Who has the time?51. What might the previous paragraphs deal with?A. The relationship between meals and convenience food.B. The importance of convenience food in people’s life.C. The rise of convenience food.D. The history of food industry.52. What is the paradox in the third paragraph?A. People don’t know how to cook.B. The facilities in the kitchen are not totally used.C. People are becoming more obese, thus unhealthy.D. Convenience food actually does not save people time.53. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. The bad effects of convenience food.B. Mr. Silerstein’s new bookC. People’s new hobby.D. Disappearance of the old symbol of togetherness.54. Why have Americans become more obese?A. Because of eating chips.B. Because of being busy.C. Because of being lazy.D. Both B and C.55. Which of the following might the author most likely agree with?A. There is nothing bad about convenience food.B. Convenience food makes people lazy.C. Convenience food helps companies grow.D. Convenience food is a revolution in cooking.Section IV Translation (15points)Directions: In this section there is a passage in English. Translate the five underlined sentences into Chinese and write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET2.People in business can use foresight to identify new products and services, as well as markets for those products and services. An increase in minority populations in a neighborhood would prompt a grocer with foresight to stock more foods linked to ethnic tastes.(56) An art museum director with foresight might follow trends in computer graphics to make exhibits more appealing to younger visitors. From: Foresight may reveal potential threats that we can prepare to deal with before they become crises.(57)For instance, a capable corporate manager might see an alarming rise in local housing prices that could affect the availability of skilled workers in the region. The public’s changing values andpriorities, as well as emerging technologies, demographic shifts, economic constraints (or opportunities),and environmental and resource concerns are all parts of the increasingly complex world system in which leaders must lead.(58) People in government also need foresight to keep systems running smoothly to plan budgets and to prevent ward. Government leaders today must deal with a host of new problems emerging from rapid advances in technology.Even at the community level, foresight is critical: school officials, for example, need foresight to assess numbers of students to accommodate, numbers of teachers to hire, new educational technologies to deploy, and new skills for students (and their teachers) to develop.(59)Many of the best-known techniques for foresight were developed by government planners, especially in the military, “thinking about the unthinkable”. Pioneering futurists at the RAND Corporation (the first “think tank”) began seriously considering what new technologies might emerge in the future and how these might affect U.S. security. These pioneering futurists at RAND, along with others elsewhere, refined a variety of new ways for thinking about the future.(60)The futurists recognized that the future world is continuous with the present world, so we can learn a great deal about what may happen in the future by looking systematically at what is happening now.Section V Writing (20points)Directions: In this section, you are asked write a latter based on the following statement. Your letter should be at least 150 words. Remember to write clearly on the ANSWER SHEET2.“五一”、“十一”长假丰富了人们的业余生活，促进了旅游经济的发展，同时也带来诸如交通拥挤、环境污染等问题。