英语最后一课
冀教版四年级英语上册教案 (Lesson17)
四年级的学生对英语学习的主动性都比较高，课堂参与度高，喜欢英语活动、游戏和表演。须要改进的地方包括：养成正确的英语习惯，课外学习要占英语学习的60%，英语书写能力和听写能力要提高。
教学目标
知识目标：
1.学生能听懂、会说、认读并书写词汇：light, red, yellow, green
2.学生能理解字母tr, dr, ck, qu, ing在单词中的发音及其规则。
练习：做游戏
学生回答老师的问题。
学生根据教师出示的图片回答：交通灯。
并跟随老师读出新单词。
学生回答：红色。
学生举手答：见到红灯就要停下来。
学生跟着老师大声读句子。
学生站成一排，教师举起一个交通灯，学生根据交通灯说出正确的句子，并展示停，走或等待。
运用形象的图片，让学生在学习新单词时增加一些直观的印象，加深记忆力。
通过完成练习题，学生进一步扎实了自己的在地图上指路的能力。
通过练习本课的五组字母组合的发音规则，学生会强化自己的英语发音本领，在以后遇见生单词时，可以更好地进行猜读。
教学环节
教学活动
设计意图
教师活动
学生活动
Step 4
Class closing
我们知道了交通灯的含义，在马路上要小心并注意看交通信号灯！
3.学生能够辨认和正确安全地对三种颜色的交通灯做出反应。（红灯停；黄灯等；绿灯行）
能力目标：
在日常生活中注意观察，并用简单的英语对话。
情感目标：
1.找机会练习学生的听力技巧。
在每天的生活中试着模仿和运用英语。
教学重点难点分析
重点
1.学生能听懂、会说、认读并书写词汇：light, red, yellow, green
六下英语课课练u8最后一课时作文
六下英语课课练u8最后一课时作文One bright sunny morning, four friends, Tim, Lucy, Peter, and Emily, decided to go on an adventure in the enchanted forest near their town. They were excited to explore the mysteries hidden within the forest's depths. Armed with a map, compass, and backpacks filled with supplies, they set off on their thrilling expedition.As they entered the forest, they were immediately greeted by majestic tall trees, their branches reaching towards thesky like outstretched arms. The sunlight filtered through the leaves, creating a magical, dappled effect on the forestfloor. The air was filled with the sweet fragrance of wildflowers and the soft rustling of leaves.Following the map, the friends walked in sync, theirhearts pounding with anticipation. Suddenly, they noticed strange footprints on the ground. The footprints seemed tolead deeper into the forest. Fueling their curiosity, they decided to follow them.After walking for a while, they came across a crystal-clear stream blocking their path. A swaying wooden rope bridge stretched across the water, seemingly inviting them to cross. Tim, being the bravest of the group, took the first step onto the creaking bridge. With each step, the bridge swung gently, making the adventure even more thrilling. One by one, the friends crossed the bridge, their laughter echoing in the peaceful forest.Continuing their journey, they stumbled upon a hidden cave entrance partially obscured by vines. Intrigued, they cautiously entered the dark, mysterious opening. As their eyes adjusted to the dim light, they discovered glowing mushrooms illuminating the cave walls. The cave opened upinto a massive chamber, where they spotted a sparkling treasure chest in the distance.Unable to contain their excitement, the friends hurried towards the chest, only to find it guarded by a mythical creature – a friendly dragon named Spark. Spark, with his shimmering scales and kind eyes, welcomed the friends into his chamber. He explained that the enchanted forest was his home and invited them to share stories of their adventures and dreams.As the day progressed, the friends and Spark shared tales of daring escapades and imagined future expeditions. They realized the true magic of the forest was not only in its hidden treasures but also in the connections they made and the memories they created together.Reluctantly, as the sun began to set, they bid farewell to Spark and the enchanted forest. Leaving the cave, they retraced their steps, crossed the rope bridge, and made their way back to the entrance. Exhausted yet exhilarated, theycouldn't wait to share their incredible adventure with their families and friends.The enchanted forest had bestowed upon them a sense of wonder, bravery, and lifelong memories. With gratitude in their hearts, they promised to revisit the forest someday, to relive the magical bond they had formed with Spark and the mystical wonders that awaited them.In conclusion, the adventure in the enchanted forest had been an unforgettable experience for Tim, Lucy, Peter, and Emily. Amidst the towering trees, glimmering mushrooms, and friendly dragon, they had discovered not just the secret treasures of the forest but also the treasures hidden within themselves – the courage to explore, the joy of friendship, and the magic of imagination. The enchanted forest had left an indelible mark on their hearts, and the memories of that extraordinary day would forever be etched in their minds.。
英语人教版八年级上册Unit4SectionB3a-4Self-check
八年级英语上册Unit4What ’sthebestmovietheater? SectionB3a-4Self-check教课方案滦县第四中学邸凤欣课题教材剖析学情剖析教课目的八年级英语上册1.Unit4What’sthebestmovietheater?SectionB3a-4Self-check教课方案滦县第四中学邸凤欣Unit4What’sthebest movietheater? SectionB3a-4Self-check本课是八年级上册Unit4SectionB的最后一课，要点是对形容词和副词这一要点语法项目进行概括总结和稳固。
形容词和副词是初中英语阶段的一个要点语法项目，同时也是中考必考内容。
因此掌握和运用好形容词和副词关系到学生成绩的高低，一定惹起足够的重视。
八年级学生已经拥有必定的英语语言基础，基本掌握形容词和副词的用法，但仍有理解不透辟，应用不娴熟的现象，知识缺少系统化。
大多数学生具有学习的自觉性和主动性，有优秀的学习习惯，擅长总结和反省，但个别学生因基础问题致使学习兴趣不高，因此教课过程中需着重学生学习兴趣的培育。
经过学习形容词和副词的语法功能，全面掌握形容词和副词的基本用法。
知识目标1.正确掌握比较级和最高等的词性变化而且正确使用比较级和最高等。
正确掌握形容词和副词的主要用法，娴熟适合地在真切情境中运用形容词和副词。
能力目标提升学生合作研究的能力；培育学生对知识点概括总结以及自主学习的能力。
在任务及活动的过程中，培育学生的察看、概括能力和合作意感情目标识，提升他们学习英语的兴趣，加强学习的自信心和主动性。
教课要点教课难点教课策略教课准备全面掌握形容词和副词的基本用法。
正确掌握比较级和最高等的词性变化而且正确使用比较级和最高等。
能在真切情境中正确运用形容词和副词。
任务型教课，主体异步教课法，小组合作研究法，多媒体协助教课法PPT课件，投影仪教课环节教课过程教师活动学生活动设计企图StepⅠ.Studyi ngGuide.StepⅡ.Selfstudy1.Greetthe studentsandchantanEnglishpoem“GoodBetterBest”andleadthem opayattentiontotheusage fadjectivesandadverbs.Showthestudyingguidetothestudentstogetthemtoknowthat they’regoingtolearnsomethingaboutAdjectivesandAdverbstoday,andtomakepreparationforthefollowingactivities.AsktheSstobrainstormtheusageofadjectivesandadverbs.2.Showsomepicturesof“SnowWhiteandtheSevenDwarfs”tointerestthestudentstosumuptheusageofcomparativesanddosomeexercises.GreettheteacherandchantanEnglishpoem“GoodBetterBest”.1.Readthestudyingguidetoknowwhattolearninthisclass.1.Brainstormtheusageofadjectivesandadverbs.Lookatsomepicturesof“SnowWhiteandtheSevenDwarfs”tointerestthestudentstosumup theusage fcomparativesanddosomeexercises.经过英文小诗引出本节课的内容——形容词和副词，激发学生的兴趣，进入最正确学习状态，而后经过展现学习目标让学生了然本课所学内容。
Lesson6 Betty's Clothes教学设计
课题：Lesson 6 Betty’s Clothes
备课教师：马红丹
教学内容：冀教版四年级英语下册第一单元Lesson 6 Betty’s Clothes
教材分析：
本课内容是冀教版四年级英语下册中Unit 1 The Clothes We Wear.本单元的核心教学内容是服装。
本课是第一单元最后一课故事课，关于Betty 衣橱里的衣服之间的故事，每一段故事的句子都有重复，降低了孩子们在表演故事时的难度，激发学生表演的欲望。
学情分析：
四年级学生生性活泼好动，喜欢直观形象思维，具有较强的模仿和接受能力，对新事物比较感兴趣，喜欢听他人说英语，愿意表达自己的情感，乐于与他人交流，对故事和游戏特别感兴趣。
教学目标：
1. 知识与技能目标：
(1) 能够利用上下文、插图以及在老师的帮助下读懂故事内容。
(2) 能够借助图片和在老师的帮助下正确朗读故事。
(3) 能够借助图片和在老师的帮助下进行角色表演。
2. 情感态度目标:
通过角色扮演树立学习英语的自信心，激起学生兴趣。
3. 学习策略目标:
(1) 通过预测的方式预知故事内容，吸引学生兴趣。
(2) 通过寻读的方式了解故事的大概内容。
(3) 通过跟读、分角色朗读和角色表演的方式学习故事内容。
教学重点：
1. 能够理解故事内容。
2. 能够借助图片和在老师的帮助下正确朗读故事，并模仿语音语调。
教学难点：
能够借助图片和在老师的帮助下表演故事。
教师准备：
多媒体课件、课件、衣服图片。
评价方式：
教师评价、学生自评、小组互评。
教学反思。
人教版九年级上册英语教案(优秀8篇)
人教版九年级上册英语教案（优秀8篇）作为一位兢兢业业的人民教师，总归要知道如何编写一份优秀的教案。
这次为您整理了8篇《人教版九年级上册英语教案》，亲的肯定与分享是对我们最大的鼓励。
九年级上册英语教案篇一一、教学内容本课是第二单元的最后一课，阅读课，是本单元话题过去的某种状态的延伸和继续。
文章讲得主要内容是一个老是惹麻烦的男孩在明白了母亲对他的爱之后变成一个好孩子的故事。
二、教学目标⑴掌握一些主要的词汇和句型used to be like 等。
⑴引导学生理解课文内容，掌握阅读技巧，如扫读、细读、概括文章大意，利用上下文信息猜词等。
⑴通过阅读课文，并设计各种活动训练学生运用英语进行听说读写各种活动的能力。
⑴激发学生感恩父母，热爱父母，关注身边的人的情感。
三、教学重点和难点⑴训练学生利用上下文信息填写词汇和句子的能力。
⑴培养学生的阅读策略和写作能力。
⑴利用本课所学知识表达个人意见，对课文进行深层理解。
四、设计理念依据纽南(David Nunan)所提出的任务型及合作式教学原则，使学生在小组学习中获取信息，处理信息和运用信息，激发学生用所学语言进行交际的愿望和自信心，促进合作精神和文化意识的发展。
五、教学设计1. 总体思路：本节课是在多媒体的课堂教学环境下实施的大容量、快节奏的课堂教学。
笔者先让学生简短描述父母以前和现在的职业，外貌，性格，爱好再欣赏英文歌曲thank you, dad. 导入，酝酿了一种感激父母的氛围，接着引导他们畅诉父母对自己的帮助的故事，然后让学生阅读短文，感受母亲爱的伟大。
在阅读过程中，通过让学生看标题，预测课文内容、概括文章段落大意、根据上下文填所缺的句子，判断正误等各种方式提高阅读技能。
最后，笔者提供关键词让学生复述课文，使其能熟练得掌握所学的重点词汇、短语和句子。
阅读后，笔者抛出这样的问题让学生讨论：我们该用什么方式报答父母？培养学生反哺意识。
最后通过写作，提高学生综合运用语言的能力。
最后一课 英语speech
The meaning of life constitutes a philosophical question concerning the purpose and significance of life. This concept can be expressed through a variety of related questions, such as "Why are we here?", "What is life all about?", and "What is the meaning of it all?" It has been the subject of much philosophical, scientific, and theological speculation throughout history.并不是一件具有严肃内涵的事情了I think you are worried because you want your lives not just to be conventionally successfully, but to be meaningful, and you are not sure how those two goals fit together.you know you were educated to make a difference not just for yourself, for your own comfort and satisfaction, but for the world around youmany of you are now wondering how these commitments fit with a career choice. Is it necessary to decide between remunerative work and meaningful work? If it were be either/or, which would you choose? Is there a way to have both?但是很多人会发出这样的疑问：我们所做的这些跟职业选择有什么关系呢？到底有没有必要在高薪工作和有意义的工作之间做出选择呢？如果答案是肯定的或者否定的，那么你们又将如何做出选择，有没有一种方法兼顾两者呢？You are asking me and yourselves fundamental questions about values, about trying to reconcile potentially competing goods, about recognizing that it may not be possible to have it all. You are at a moment of transition that requires making choices. And selecting one option-a job, a career, a graduateprogram-means not selecting others. Every decision means loss as well asgain-possibilities foregone as well as possibilities embraced. Your question to me is a partly about that-about loss of roads not taken.你们不断地在问我，也在问你们自己这些根本性的问题：关于价值，关于如何协调那些潜在的竞争的事物，并且开始意识到鱼和熊掌不可兼得。
[复习]高三英语最后一课.docx
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古邳中学2015届高三文科和艺体班咼考英语最后一课一、听力具体特征1、听力测试是考查学生理解口头语言能力的测试。
因此，它的结构不像书面语言那么严谨，句子短，重复率高，冗余信息多。
听力测试的材料比阅读材料要容易，基本上没有超纲的词语（但常会出现一些陌生的人名或地名）。
2、大多数听力材料来源于英语国家的生活会话，题材广泛，涉及英语国家日常生活的许多方面，有明显的口语特征，听起来自然真实。
3、对话或独白都通过具体语言内容表明一个特定的语境。
理解语境是把握所听内容的关键，是理解材料内容的前提。
4、语速一般为15（T170wpm。
二、考前指导1、沉着冷静，精力集中，要有良好的心理素质。
心情放松，充满自信。
不要因为前一题没有听懂而影响情绪, 也不要因为某个词没有听懂而苦思冥想，从而影响下面的内容。
做题时要果断而决不能犹豫不决，以致造成一步跟不上步步跟不上的恶果。
2、听前预读，有的放矢。
考生拿到试卷后利用听之前的时间及题与题之间的间隙时间，快速抢读问题和选项, 带着问题有目的的听录音能提高准确率。
3、随听随记，无把握就猜。
善于运用自己所获得的信息，根据读音或着上下文进行快速的判断和猜测，进行优化处理。
4、抓住要点，细辨信息。
不管是对话还是独白，注意力一定要集中在整体内容的理解上，切不可只停留在个别单词或单句上，听不清马上放弃，不能强迫自己听清每一个单词，要把重点放在听关键词以及与问题有关的内容±o幻灯片3三、高考热点突破1、地点与时间提问方式：Where does the conversation take place?Where is the conversation most likely taking place?Where is the man \woman now?Where are the two speakers?When will the visitors come?When will the man probably get to Beijing?When and where do they agree to meet finally?幻灯片4解题指导：涉及地点的对话可分为三类：①对话双方在同一地点②对话双方要去不同的地方③对话双方的一方去了多个地方。
86年人教版高中英语课文
八六版高中英语课文第一册LESSON 1 HOW MARX LEARNED FOREIGN LANGUAGES马克思怎样学习外语LESSON 2 AT HOME IN THE FUTURE未来的家LESSON 3 THE BLIND MEN AND THE ELEPHANT 盲人和象LESSON 4 GALILEO AND ARISTOTLE伽利略和亚里斯多德LESSON 5 THE LOST NECKLACE丢失的项链LESSON 6 ABRAHAM LINCOLN 亚伯拉罕·林肯LESSON 7 THE EMPEROR'S NEW CLOTHES皇帝的新装LESSON 8 THE EMPEROR'S NEW CLOTHES(Continued)皇帝的新装（续）LESSON 9 LADY SILKWORM蚕花娘子LESSON 10 THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA中国的万里长城LESSON 11 AT A TAILOR'S SHOP在服装店（选自《百万英镑》）LESSON 12 POLLUTION污染LESSON 13 THE FOOTPRINT脚印（选自《鲁滨逊漂流记》）LESSON 14 WATCHING ANTS观蚁LESSON 15 NAPOLEON'S THREE QUESTIONS拿破仑的三个问题LESSON 16 CONTINENTS AND OCEANS大陆和海洋LESSON 17 THE STORY OF WILLIAM TELL 威廉·泰尔的故事LESSON 18 A LITTLE HERO小英雄阅读：Merry Christmas圣诞快乐1. HOW TO USE AN ENGLISH DICTIONARY2. GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND3. THAT CRAZY TOWER IN PISA4. THE BEST ADVICE I EVER HAD5. THE FIRST TELEVISION6.THE BOYS BUILD A BRIDGELESSON 1 PORTRAIT OF A TEACHER一位教师的写照LESSON 2 THE TALLEST GRASS最高的草LESSON 3 ALL THESE THINGS ARE TO BE ANSWERED FOR所有这一切都是要偿还的（选自《双城记》）LESSON 4 ALL THESE THINGS ARE TO BE ANSWERED FOR(Continued)所有这一切都是要偿还的（续）LESSON 5 WINTER SLEEP冬眠LESSON 6 ALBERT EINSTEIN阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦LESSON 7 ALBERT EINSTEIN(Continued)阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦（续）LESSON 8 THE PROFESSOR AND HIS INVENTION教授和他的发明LESSON 9 SPORTS AND GAMES体育运动LESSON 10 THE LAST LESSON最后一课LESSON 11 THE LAST LESSON(Continued)最后一课（续）LESSON 12 WALKING IN SPACE太空行走LESSON 13 MADAME CURIE AND RADIUM居里夫人和镭LESSON 14 THE GIFTS礼物LESSON 15 THE GIFTS(Continued)礼物（续）LESSON 16 ADVENTURE ON HIGHWAY 6666号公路历险记VOCABULARYSUPPLIMENTARY READINGS1. THE LAST LEAF2. ESCAPE FROM THE ZOO3. ROBIN HOOD AND HIS MERRY MEN4. THE IMPORTANCE OF ENGLISH5. A THIRSTY WORLD6. HOW THE BODY CELLS LIVELESSON 1 PERSEVERANCE毅力LESSON 2 A GERMAN STAMP一张德国邮票LESSON 3 ON READING谈读书LESSON 4 THREE GOLD MEDALS FOR WILMA威尔玛的三枚金牌LESSON 5 THE SNAKE IN THE SLEEPING BAG睡袋里的蛇LESSON 6 MY TEACHER我的老师（选自海伦·凯勒《我的一生》）LESSON 7 THE TRIAL审判（选自《威尼斯商人》）LESSON 8 CHARLES DARWIN查尔斯·达尔文LESSON 9 THE LANGUAGE OF THE BEES蜜蜂的语言LESSON 10 THE SIXTH DIAMOND 第六颗钻石LESSON 11 A SPEECH BY NORMAN BETHUNE诺尔曼·白求恩的演讲LESSON 12 FROM THE JAWS OF DEATH绝处逢生VOCABULARYSUPPLIMENTARY READINGS1. FACE TO FACE WITH DANGER2. PAPER AND ITS USES3. STICK-UP4. THE EARTHWORM5. A GIFT FOR MOTHER'S DAY6. MYSTERIES OF MIGRATION7. SING FOR ME8. THE DOG THAT SET ME FREE9. TWO POEMS1、HOW MARX LEARNED FOREIGN LANGUAGESKarl Marx was born in Germany, and German was his native language. When he was still a young man, he was forced to leave his homeland for political reasons. He stayed in Belgium for a few years; then he went to France. Before long he had to move on again. In 1849, he went to England and made London the base for his revolutionary work.Marx had learned some French and English at school. When he got to England, he found that his English was too limited. He started working hard to improve it. He made such rapid progress that before long he began to write articles in English for an American newspaper. In fact, his English in one of these articles was so good that Engels wrote him a letter and praised him for it. Marx wrote back to say that Engels' praise had greatly encouraged him. However, he went on to explain that he was not too sure about two things--the grammar and some of the idioms.These letters were written in 1853. In the years that followed, Marx kept on studying English and using it. When he wrote one of his great works, The Civil War in France, he had mastered the language so well that he was bale to write the book in English.In the 1870's, when Marx was already in his fifties, he found it important to study the situation in Russia, so he began to learn Russian. At the end of six months he had learned enough to read articles and reports in Russian. In one of his books, Marx gave some advice on how to learn a foreign language. He said when a person is learning a foreign language; he must not always be translating everything into his own language. If he does this, it shows he has not mastered it. He must be able to use the foreign language, forgetting all about his own. If he can not do this, he has not really grasped the spirit of the foreign language and can not use it freely.2、AT HOME IN THE FUTUREA medical examination without a doctor or nurse in the room? Doing shopping at home? Borrowing books from the library without leaving your home?These ideas may seem strange to you. But scientists are working hard to turn them into realities.Let us suppose we can visit a home at the end of this century. We will visit a boy named Charlie Green. He is not feeling well this morning. His mother, Mrs Green, wants the doctor to see him. That is, she wants the doctor to listen to him. She brings a set of wires to Charlie's room. These wires are called sensors. She places one sensor in his mouth and one on his chest. She puts another one around his wrist and one on his forehead. Then she plugs the sensors into a wall outlet. She says the code "TCP". This means "telephone call placed." A little light flashes on the wall. The Green's wireless telephone is ready for a call.Mrs Green says "2478", the doctor's telephone number. From a speaker on the wall comes the doctor's voice: "Good morning.""Good morning, Dr Scott," answers Mrs Green. "Charlie isn't feeling too well this morning. I've put the sensors on him. I wonder if you can examine him now.""Sure," the doctor's voice says. "Well, he doesn't have a fever. And his pulse is fine. Now, breathe deeply, Charlie."Charlie does so."Just a little cold," says the doctor. "Better stay inside today, Charlie. And take it easy.""Thank you, Doctor," says Mrs Green. "TCC (telephone call completed)." The light on the wall turns off. The phone call and the examination are finished."Charlie," says Mrs Green," since you have to stay at home, why don't you do some shopping? You can pick out your new bicycle. After all, your birthday is only two weeks away.""Great," Charlie answers.Charlie and his mother sit in front of one of the vision phones. There are several in their house."TCP," says Charlie. The word ready appears on the screen of the vision phone."New Forest Bicycle Shop," a voice says. "May I help you?"Charlie answers, "I'd like to see your ten-speed bicycles."In the next few minutes, pictures of many models of the bicycles are flashed on the screen. The price of each model is also shown.Then the voice asks, "Are you interested in any of these models?""Yes, I'm interested in model 6.""Do you wish to place an order at this time?""Not just yet," answers Mrs Green. "My son's birthday is in two weeks' time. Thank you. TCC."The vision phone shuts off.Such would be our home in the future.2-1、A VISIT TO THE LIBRARY IN THE FUTUREThe shopping is finished. Charlie's parents tell him they have to go out for a little while. "Why don't you visit the library while we're out?" says Charlie's dad. "I know they have some new books on basket-ball, your favourite game."Charlie goes to one of the visionphones. He places a call to the library. He asks to see one of the new books on basket-ball.Basket-ball Giant, the name of the book, is flashed on the screen. "Turn," says Charlie. The first page of the book is shown on the screen. Then the second, and the third. Charlie has read about fifty pages of it. Then he hears his mother's voice coming through a speaker on the wall. Charlie turns off the visionphone. He says hello to his mother."Where are you?" he adds."We're driving on the freeway," Mrs Green says. "This is taking a little more time than we thought. We won't be back until two o'clock. Better get some lunch for yourself.""What are you doing?" Charlie asks."We'll explain later," she says."O.K." says Charlie.3、The Blind Men and the ElephantOnce upon a time there were six blind men who lived in a village in India. Every daythey went to the road nearby and stood there begging. They had often heard of elephants, but they had never seen one, for, being blind, how could they?One morning an elephant was led down the road where they stood. When they heard that an elephant was passing by, they asked the driver to stop the beast so that they could have a "look".Of course they could not look at him with their eyes, but they thought they might learn what kind of animal he was by touching and feeling him. For, you see, they trusted their own sense of touch very much.The first blind man happened to place his hand on the elephant's side. "Well, well," he said. "This beast is exactly like a wall."The second grasped one of the elephant's tusks and felt it. "You're quite mistaken," he said. "He's round and smooth and sharp. He's more like a spear than anything else."The third happened to take hold of the elephant's trunk. "You're both completely wrong," he said. "This elephant is like a snake, as anybody can see."The fourth opened both his arms and closed them round one of the elephant's legs. "Oh, how blind you are!" he cried. "It's very clear that he's round and tall like a tree."The fifth was a very tall man, and he caught hold of one of the elephant's ears. "Even the blindest person must see that this elephant isn't like any of the things you name," he said. "He's exactly like a huge fan."The sixth man went forward to feel the elephant. He was old and slow and it took him quite some time to find the elephant at all. At last he got hold of the beast's tail. "Oh, how silly you all are!" cried he. "The elephant isn't like a wall, or a spear, or a snake, or a tree; neither is he like a fan. Any man with eyes in his head can see thathe's exactly like a rope."Then the driver and the elephant moved on, and the six men sat by the roadside all day, quarrelling about the elephant. They could not agree with one another, because each believed that he knew just what the beast looked like.It is not only blind men who make such stupid mistakes. People who can see sometimes act just as foolishly.4、GALILEO AND ARISTOTLEAbout 2300 years ago, there lived in Greece a great thinker named Aristotle. He observed that feathers fell to the ground slowly, while stones fell much faster. He thought it over carefully and concluded that heavy objects always fell faster than light ones. His conclusion certainly sounded reasonable. But we now know that it is not true.In those days people seldom did experiments to test their ideas. When they observed anything that happened, they thought about it and then drew a conclusion. Once Aristotle made up his mind that heavy objects always fell faster than light objects, he taught it as a truth to his students. And because he was Aristotle, the great thinker, no one questioned his idea for almost 2000 years.Then, almost 400 years ago, an Italian scientist named Galileo began to question Aristotle's theory of falling objects. He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so. He decided to do some experiments to test Aristotle's theory.Galileo lived in the city of Pisa, where there is a leaning tower about 180 feet high. From the top of the tower Galileo dropped a light ball and a heavy ball at exactly the same time. They both fell at about the same speed and hit the ground together. He tried the experiments again and again. Every time he got the same result. At last, he decided that he had found the truth about falling objects. As we know now, heavy objects and light objects fall at the same speed unless air holds them back. A feather falls slower than a stone only because the air holds the feather back more than it does the stone.When Galileo told people of his discovery, no one would believe him. But Galileo was not discouraged. He went on doing experiments to test the truth of other old ideas. He built a telescope through which he could study the skies. He collected facts that proved the earth and all the other planets move around the sun.Today we praise Galileo and call him one of the founders of modern science. He observed things carefully and never took anything for granted. Instead, he did experiments to test and prove an idea before he was ready to accept it.An experiment was done on the moon in July, 1971. One of the US astronauts who made the first deep space walk on the moon dropped a hammer and a feather together. They both landed on the surface of the moon at the same time. This experiment proved that Galileo's theory of falling objects is true.4-1、PENICILLINIf you leave a piece of bread in a warm damp place, mould will soon grow on it. When this happens, we say the bread "has gone mouldy". Mould can grow on all kinds of things besides food. It grows from spores which are in the air. If the conditions are right, a spore can quickly get around and form a mould. This happens quite commenly. We have all probably seen it.In 1928, Sir Alexander Fleming found that mould had killed some germs he was trying to grow in his lab. If he had not noticed this, the world would have lost one of the greatest discoveries of the century. Fleming called the substance "penicillin".Because penicillin can kill germs, doctors use it to treat diseases. It has saved millions oflives. Scientists grow large quantities of common mould so that they can get penicillin from it in order to make antibiotics, that is, substances that kill germs. Next time you see some mould on a piece of bread, remember that it is one of man's greatest friends!5、The Lost NecklacePlace: a park in ParisTime: a summer afternoon in 1870People: Mathilde Loisel, wife Pierre Loisel, husband(Jeanne is sitting in the park. Mathilde walks towards her, she stops and speaks to Jeanne.) Mathilde: Good afternoon, Jeanne.Jeanne : (Looking at the other woman) I’m sorry, but I don，t think I know you. Mathilde: No, you wouldn’t but many years ago you knew me well. I，m Mathilde Loisel.Jeanne : Mathilde! My old school friend. Is it possible? But yes, of course it is .Now I remember. Where have you been all these years, Mathilde? I hope you were n’t ill . Mathilde: No, Jeanne, I was n’t ill . You see here an old woman. But it’s because of hard work—ten years of hard work.Jeanne : But I don，t understand, Mathilde . There，s only one year between us ; I’m thirty-five and you’re thirty-four. Can hard work change a person that much?Mathilde : Yes, it can . Years of hard work, little food, only a cold room to live in and never, never a moment to rest. That has been my life for these past ten years.Jeanne : Mathilde! I did n’t know. I’m sorry. But what happened?Mathilde: Well, I would rather not tell you.Jeanne : Oh , come, Mathilde. Surely you can tell an old friend.Mathilde: Well, …Well, it was all because of that neckla ce . Your necklace.Jeanne : My necklace ?Mathilde: Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace?Jeanne : Let me think . Ten years ago … Oh, yes, I remember. You were going to the palace with your husband, I think.Mathilde: Right. Pierre was working in a government office, and for the first time in our lives we were invited to an important ball.(The scene changes to that evening in the home of Pierre and Mathilde Loisel.)Pierre : Yes , Mathilde, we，re going to the ball, the palace ball !Mathilde: I can，t believe it!Pierre : But it，s true.Mathilde: Oh, Pierre, how wonderful! But I haven，t got a dress for the ball !Pierre : What does a new evening dress cost?Mathilde: About four hundred francs.Pierre : Four hundred ! That，s a lot of money . But perhaps, just this once, we’ll use what we have to get a new dress for you. This ball is very important to me. I was the onlyperson in my office who was invited.Mathilde: Thank you, Pierre, you，re so kind. Oh! But there，s one other thing…Pierre : What is it, Mathilde?Mathilde: I…I have no jewelry .Pierre ：Jewelry? Do you need jewelry? Why not just a flower?Mathilde: To go to the palace with just a flower is to say “I’m poor . I haven’t got any jew elry.”Pierre : Can’t you borrow some jewelry from a friend , Mathilde ?Mathilde: Which friend ? My friends are all poor, too.Pierre : Let me think . How about Jeanne? She married well. Perhaps she has some. Mathilde: Ah, yes, Jeanne. She married a ma n with a lot of money. I’ll go and see her on Friday, after I get the new dress.Pierre : I，m sure she has something you can borrow.(The scene changes back to the park. Mathilde continues to tell Jeanne her story.)Mathilde: One Friday I came to see you, Jeanne. Remember?Jeanne : Yes , Mathilde, I remember.Mathilde: You were very kind. You brought out your jewelry and told me to take anything I wanted.Jeanne : (Smiling) You were like a little girl. Your eyes became so big.Mathilde: There were so many things and they were all beautiful. It was hard to choose. Jeanne : Until you saw the diamond necklace.Mathilde: Yes, and then I knew I wanted to borrow the necklace. I didn’t want anything else , only the necklace.Jeanne : I，m sure you looked beautiful that evening, Mathilde. You were always a very pretty girl.Mathilde: Perhaps in those days I was, but everything changed after that night at the palace. Jeanne : Didn’t you have a good time at the ball ?Mathilde: Yes, a very good time, but that was the last time…the last happy evening for the next ten years.Jeanne : But why , Mathilde?Mathilde: On the way home I looked down at my dress and saw that the necklace was gone. I told Pierre. We returned to the palace and looked in every room, but couldn’t find it.I never saw your necklace again, Jeanne.Jeanne : But Mathilde, you brought it back to me the next afternoon. I remember very well. Mathilde: Yes, Jeanne, I brought a necklace to you. It was exactly like your necklace but it wasa different one. I hope it was as good as the one you lent me. It cost us thirty-sixthousand francs.Jeanne : Thirty-six thousand !Mathilde: Yes, Pierre and I borrowed the money and bought it. During the next ten years we both worked night and day to pay for it. That is why you see this old woman beforeyou now, Jeanne. Well, after all these years we’ve at last paid off all our debts. Jeanne : But Mathilde, my dear friend, that wasn’t a real diamond necklace you borrowed from me. It was made of glass. It was worth five hundred francs at the most.5-1、THE VAIN STAGOne hot day a big stag that had a pair of very large antlers stood on the bank of a river. He was thirsty and went down to the water to drink. Suddenly he saw his reflection in the water. He was very pleased with what he saw. “Oh,” he said. “What a beautiful pair of antlers I’ve got! How fine my head is! How proud I look! Nobody has such beautiful antlers as I have. Perhaps some people will say that my antlers are too b ig, but I don’t think so. I like them very much.” And the vain stag looked again at his reflection in the water.Suddenly he heard the barking of dogs. Three hunters and their dogs came out of the forest. The stag ran across the field into the forest. He was already far from the dogs, but he caught hisantlers in the branches of some low trees and could not get away.The dogs ran up to him and pulled him to the ground. Then the hunters came up and killed him.6、ABRAHAM LINCOLNAbraham Lincoln, the son of a poor family, was born in Kentucky on February 12, 1809. He spent his childhood in hard work, helping his father on their small farm. His mother, who he loved dearly, died in 1818. Happily for him, his father' s second wife was kind to him too. When she saw that Abraham liked reading, she did all she could to help him. But the family was poor and the boy could not get many books. Abraham Lincoln later said himself that he only went to school a little now and little then. His whole school education added up to no more than one year.As a young man he was a storekeeper and later a postmaster. He studied law in his spare time and became a lawyer. He was active in politics and strongly against slavery. In all his political life, he thought of building a free state for all the people.In 1860, Abraham Lincoln was elected President of the United States. Then he worked still harder for freedom for the slaves. Soon the Southern states rebelled. They set up a state of their own, where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves. Lincoln said that it was not right for the south to break away from the Union. Fighting broke out between the North and the South. This was the American Civil War. The war lasted four years before the North won in the end. The nation was reunited and the slaves were set free.In 1864, Lincoln was elected President of the United States for the second time. But his enemies, the slave owners in the South and the bankers in big cities, who had grown rich on the work of the slaves, could not let Lincoln continue his work. He, who led the United States through these years, was shot on April 14, 1865, at a theatre in Washington, D.C. and died early the next morning. The whole nation was in deep sorrow at this news, for the people had come to love him as an inspiring leader, and a wise, warm-hearted, honest man.About seventeen months before his death, at the opening of a memorial to the many men who lost their lives fighting for the freedom of the Negroes, Abraham Lincoln told his people that the living must finish the work of those dead; that they must fight for freedom forall-Negroes and whites; that America must strengthen government of the people, by the people and for the people.Today, Abraham Lincoln is regarded as one of the greatest of all American presidents.6-1、GEORGE WASHINGTON AND HIS HATCHETWhen George Washington was quite a little boy，his father gave him a hatchet. It was bright and new，and George took great delight in going about and chopping things with it.He ran into the garden，and there he saw a tree which seemed to say to him，“Come and cut me down！”George had often seen his father's men chop down great trees in the forest，and he thought that it would be fine sport to see this tree fall with a crash to the ground. So he set to work with his little hatchet，and，as the tree was a very small one，it did not take long to chop it down.Soon after that，his father came home.“Who cut my fine young cherry tree？”he cried.“It was the only tree of this kind in this country，and it cost me a great deal of money.”He was very angry when he came into the house.“If only I knew who killed that cherry tree，”he cried，“I would ... yes，I would ...”“Father！”cried little George.“I chopped the tree down with my hatchet.”His father forgot his anger.“George，”he said，and he took the little fellow in his arms，“George，I am glad that you told me about it. I would rather lose a dozen cherry trees than that you should tell one lie.”7、8、THE EMPEROR'S NEW CLOTHESMany years ago there lived an Emperor, who cared more for fine new clothes than for anything else. He had different clothes for every hour of the day.One day two cheats came to see the Emperor. They called themselves weavers and said that they knew how to weave cloth of the most beautiful colors and designs in the world. They also said that the most interesting thing about the cloth was that clothes made of it would be invisible to anyone who was either stupid or unfit for his office."Ah, what splendid clothes!" thought the Emperor. "They are just what I shall have. When I put them on, I shall be able to find out which men in my empire are unfit for their offices. And I shall be able to tell who are wise and who are foolish. This cloth must be woven for me right away."The Emperor gave the cheats some gold in order that they might begin their work at once.So the two men set up two looms and pretended to be working very hard. They asked for the most beautiful silk and the best gold thread. This they kept for themselves. And then they went on with their work at the empty looms until late into the night.After some time had passed, the Emperor said to himself, "I wonder how the weavers are getting along with my cloth." Then he remembered that those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth. Though he believed that he ought to have nothing to fear for himself, he wanted someone else to look at the cloth first.The Emperor thought a while and decided to send his old Prime Minister to see the cloth. He thought the Prime Minister a wise, honest man who was more fit for his office than anyone else.So the old Prime Minister went into the hall where the cheats were working at the empty looms."God save me!" thought the old man, opening his eyes very wide. "I can't see anything atall." But he was careful not to say so.The men who were pretending to weave asked him to come closer. They pointed to the empty looms and asked him if he liked the design and the colors.The poor old Prime Minister opened his eyes wider, but he could see nothing on the looms."Dear me," he said to himself, "Am I foolish or unfit for my office? I must never tell anyone that I could not see the cloth.""Oh! it's most beautiful!" said the Prime Minister quickly. "The design and the colors! I will tell the Emperor how wonderful they are."The Emperor was pleased by what the Prime Minister told him about the cloth. Soon after, he sent another official to find out how soon the cloth would be ready. The same thing happened. The official could see nothing, but he sang high praise for the cloth. When he got back, he told the Emperor that the cloth was beautiful indeed.All the people in the city were now talking about this wonderful cloth which the Emperor had ordered to be woven for so much money. And they were eager to know how wise or foolish their friends and neighbors might be.Now at last the Emperor wished to go himself and see the cloth while it was still on the looms. He took with him a few of his officials, including the old Prime Minister and the official who had already been there.As soon as the weavers heard the Emperor coming, they pretended to work harder than ever, though they were not weaving a single thread through the empty looms."Isn't the cloth magnificent?" said the official and the Prime Minister. "What a splendid design! And what colors!" they said, while pointing to the empty looms. They thought that everyone else could see the wonderful work of the weavers though they could not see it themselves."What on earth can this mean?" said the Emperor to himself. "I don't see anything. This is horrible! But I mustn't let anyone know.""The cloth is beautiful," he cried out loud. "Beautiful! I am very pleased with it."The officials could see no more than the Emper or, but they all shouted, ‘Beautiful! Excellent! Magnificent!" and other such expressions. They told the Emperor that he should have new clothes made of this splendid cloth for the coming great procession.。
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答案要准，拿不准做标记
• 试卷上必须动笔划答案区域和分析标记。 动笔能促进思维，又方便检查。 • 先看题，再定位，后细读。 • 直接法，定位准确，速度快。 • 正误判断题要四个选项逐个定位排除。 • 主旨段位置要找准，不见得一定是第一段。 • 问题的顺序原则有助于快速定位。 • 有难题，用主旨推断法。Fra bibliotek关于作文
• • • • • • • • 无论怎样要把字写工整。 无论怎样要把字数写到100-110.但字数千万不要多到超行。 无论怎样不要出现中国式英语和其它低级语法错误。 审题要清楚，迅速回想作文模板，多用得体的套语。 拓展部分要尽量展示自己的语言功底，多用高级表达。 整体把握情景，开头结尾要表达得体。 写前要快速打个简单草稿。 写完一定要检查一下拼写等低级错误。
关于阅读
• 带标题的应用文，文章结构要看清，哪些 信息属于上一个小标题？哪些信息属于下 一个小标题？ • 可能有一个题属于找共同点或相异点的题， 要在各个小标题下逐个去找，这题稍难。 • 凡是涉及数据的，基本上都要有计算。稍 难。
关于七选五
• 猜词题不要看原词，要看上下文找对应信息。如 果是猜代词，要准确理解上下文，进行代词追踪。 • 推断题一般答案比较概括抽象，不会是太具体的 细节。 • 七选五，先看文章结构，设空位置；再看句间关 联，主要是逻辑意义上紧密衔接；也可能有句间 结构题，要看清句间总分结构。擦亮眼睛，不能 看到表面上个别相同词就盲目确定，往往是陷阱。
关于改错
• 标记一定要正确，改在正下方。 • 1:1:8要记清。 • 一个句子最多2个错误。如果有了2个明显错误， 就不要在这个句子里去找了。 • 2个错误不可能出现在紧密相连的地方。 • 相同的错误类型不会重复考查。 • 有且仅有一个时态错误。 • 一般在试卷上找准后再做答题卡上，如果万一答 题卡上要更改，要在改的地方用小斜线划掉，不 能擦。可能有一两个错误比较隐蔽，要反复查找， 但不要影响作文时间。
关于完形填空
• 情节把握是关键，但不是完全弄懂了才去 选的。 • 大致情节弄清就可试填了，情节越做越清 晰，边做边调整前面的答案。 • 思维要清晰，灵感随时到。
关于语法填空
• 大小写要写清。 • 单词要写对，不要着急。 • 对于给提示词（名词，动词，形容词，代 词）只会怎么考要心中有数，不要名词或 形容词还加-ing 或-ed。 • 对于是否去e要想清楚。 • 纯空格填介、冠、连。冠词注意a/an， 连 词较难，要认真分析句子结构和意义。
英语考前叮咛
镇定 自信
• 拿到试卷，大致看看，有熟悉的作文更自 信，没有也没关系。 • 沉下心，卯足劲。
抢时间，抢分数
• 发答题卡后到发试卷前10分钟，除了规范填涂信息外，就 是用心做完改错题（虽然不能动笔）。 • 拿到试卷后到正式开考有5分钟，用心 尽量做完第一篇阅 读（虽然不能动笔）。 • 写作文前把所有选择题和填空题改错题都要填涂到答题卡 上，这样心理踏实，有利于作文发挥。 • 作文誊正后凡是没把握的题都要检查，很可能有豁然开朗 的错误，但如果没有十足的把握，不要轻易改动答案。 • 留足作文的时间30-35分钟，留太短，作文发挥不好，留 太长，前面题没把握。 • 一个小时之内，基本上要做完完形填空。也就是选择题全 部做完。