小说的要素英文 ppt课件
小说要素解析
TYPES OF PLOT:
3. Character vs Society: This type of conflict has the main character in conflict with a larger group: a community, society, culture, etc. 4. Character vs Self: In this type of conflict, the main character experiences some kind of inner conflict.
UNDERSTANቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱING OF THEME
If themes must be clearly stated; one word is not usually enough. To say that a book's theme is "friendship" is not clear. It may mean, "Friends are a person's most valuable possession." It may also mean, "Friends can never be trusted if their own interests are opposed to yours." An understanding of theme is dependent upon one's previous experience of life and literature. At the same time, theme in literature can enlarge one's understanding of life.
Unit4英语短篇小说教程ppt课件
在整堂课的教学中，刘教师总是让学 生带着 问题来 学习， 而问题 的设置 具有一 定的梯 度，由 浅入深 ，所提 出的问 题也很 明确
The Character:
A round character: usually has more than one quality, and grows in the course of the story development, as he reacts to events and to other characters.
such as “he’s utterly selfish” or “he loves only himself.” The indirect presentation, on the other hand, does not mention
the trait but display and exemplifies it in various ways, leaving the reader the task of inferring the quality they imply.
A dynamic character, on the other hand, is one who is modified by actions and experiences, and one objective of the work in which the character appears is to reveal the consequences of these actions.
在整堂课的教学中，刘教师总是让学 生带着 问题来 学习， 而问题 的设置 具有一 定的梯 度，由 浅入深 ，所提 出的问 题也很 明确
Unit Four
小说的要素 英文(课堂PPT)
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Theme
is the central meaning or dominant idea in a literary work. A theme provides a unifying point around which the plot, characters, setting, point of view, symbols, and other elements of a work are organized. It is important not to mistake the theme for the actual subject of the work; the theme refers to the abstract concept that is made concrete through the images, characterization, and action of the text.
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A hero or heroine, often called the PROTAGONIST, is the central character who engages the reader’s interest and
empathy（同感，共鸣 ）.
The ANTAGONIST is the character, force, or collection of forces that stand directly opposed to the protagonist and gives rise to the conflict of the story.
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Falling Action or RESOLUTION
the conclusion of a plot’s conflicts and complications. The resolution follows the climax in the plot.
小说的要素英文ppt分析解析
Round characters are more complex than flat or stock characters, and often display the inconsistencies and internal conflicts found in most real people. They are more fully developed, and therefore are harder to summarize. Journey to the West
The Elements of Fiction
Fiction refers to any imaginary work portraying characters and events
Elements of fiction
Classification of fiction : novel, novelette, short story. Short short story.
Setting
The setting is the physical and social context in which the action of a story occurs. The major elements of setting are the time, the place, and the social environment that frames the characters. Setting can be used to evoke a mood or atmosphere that will prepare the reader for what is to come. Sometimes, writers choose a particular setting because of traditional associations with that setting that are closely related to the action of a story.
英文小说从要素分析
Eleme nts of Fictio n - A Brief In troductio nA.P rimary Eleme nts: P lot, Character, Theme, P oi nts of View, Symbol, Sett ingB.Secon dary Eleme nts: Imagery, Iro ny, Style& Tone, Exp ositi on1.Plot - the seque nee of eve nts or in cide nts of which the story is composed/the arran geme nt of eve nts that make up a story/the complete patter n or desig n of the work.A.Conflict is a clash of actions, ideas, desires or wills.a.P ers on aga inst p ers on.b.P ers on aga inst en viro nment-external force, physical n ature,society, or "fate."c.P erson aga instherself/himself - con flict withsome element in her/his ownnature; maybe physical, mental,emotional, or moral.d.Person against God-Greekmythology.B.Artistic Unity - essential to a good plot; nothing irrelevant that does not contribute to the total meaning; nothing that is there only for its own sake or its own excitement.C.Plot Manipulation and Fabulation - a good plot should not have any unjustified or unexpected turns or twists, no false leads, and no deliberate and misleading information; fabulation is the introduction of the fabulous or unrealistic or gothic elements in an otherwise realistic setting.D.Story Ending: In a Happy Ending the stereotypical expectation is that the protagonist must solve all the problems, defeat the villain, win the girl, and live happily everafter. Unfortunately, many real life situations have unhappy endings; for the writers of serious fiction, the unhappy endings are more likely to raise significant issues concerning life and living.E.Types of Plot:a.Tragedy(noble)edy(less great/noble)c.Romance(less great/noble)d.Satire (used to teach lesson or present a point of viewe of Plot:a.The structure of its actionsb.Order: 1st, 2nd, 3rd…c.T o create(The author uses actions as a painter uses paints to create)d.To achieve particular words to create certain effect2.CharacterA.Direct Presentation - author tells us straight out, by exposition or analysis, or through another character.B.Indirect Presentation - author shows us the character in action; the reader infers what a character is like from what she/he thinks, or says, or does. These are also called dramatized characters and they aregenerally consistent motivated (convincing), (lifelike).C.Character Types - a known by one or two character is complex and (in behavior), and plausibleFlat character is traits; amany-sided; a Stock character is a stereotyped character (a mad scientist, the absent-minded professor, the cruel mother-in-law); a Static character remains the same from the beginning of the plot to the end; and a Dynamic (developing) character undergoes permanent change. This change must be a. within the possibilities of the character; b. sufficiently motivated; and c. allowed sufficient time for change.D.Protagonist and Antagonist - the protagonist is the central character, sympathetic or unsympathetic. The forces working against her/him, whether persons, things, conventions of society, or traits of their own character, are the antagonists. 3.Theme - the controlling idea or central insight. It can be 1. a revelation of human character; 2. may be stated briefly or at great length; and 3. a theme is not the "moral" of the story.A. A theme must be expressible in the formof a statement - not "motherhood" but "Motherhood sometimes has more frustration than reward."B. A theme must be stated as ageneralization about life; names of characters or specific situations in theplot are not to be used when stating a theme.C. A theme must not be a generalization larger than is justified by the terms of the story.D. A theme is the central and unifying concept of the story. It must adhere to the following requirements: 1. It must account for all the major details of the story.2. It must not be contradicted by any detail of the story.3. It must not rely on supposed facts -facts not actually stated or clearly implied by the story.E.There is no one way of stating the themeof a story.F.Any statement that reduces a theme to some familiar saying, aphorism, or clich e should be avoided. Do not use "A stitch in time saves nine," "You can't judge a book by its cover, " "Fish and guests smell in three days," and so on.。
英语阅读小说的ppt课件
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The characters in the novel are rich and colorful, with fantastic and thrilling plots and humorous and vivid language.
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By reading the Harry Potter series, one can gain an understanding of the modern magical world and fantasy literary styles, while also enhancing the cultivation of imagination and creativity.
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Read activity
Use skimming, scanning, and detailed reading techniques to understand the text
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Expand vocabulary
Make a note of new words and phrases and try to use them in your own writing or conversation
Novel Reading and Cultural Background
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要点三
History
The diverse history of Europe, with its many countries and languages, has created a rich tapestry of cultural influences that are reflected in its literature and art
Fiction小说介绍英国文学 PPT
1. Introduction
• 1.2 Novel and novelette(中篇小说) • A novel refers to a narrative in prose form of considerable length and complexity that deals with human experiences. • A novelette refers to a narrative of fiction intermediate in length and complexity between a novel and a short story. • (According to a definition suggested by E. M. Forster, a novel or a novelette should at least contain 50, 000 words.)
• (2) Indirect characterization • The author steps aside to allow the characters to reveal themselves directly through their own dialogues and actions instead of being directed by the writer. • (3) Presenting the characters’ motivation • We need to see a character’s motivation—the reasons behind his or her behavior—or we will not believe or accept that behavior.
小说的分类-英语ppt精选全文完整版
按作品内容分类
武侠小说（也有叫武打小说，金庸为代表，可看做男性言情和励志小说）
言情小说（包括很多，如后宫文，穿越文，都市文，青春校园文等）
爱情传奇小说（言情小说独立分支；也有说是言情的最前身，即唐传奇；当代代表作《塔里木河》）
推理小说（很大程度上，推理即悬疑）
悬疑小说（很大程度上，悬疑即推理）
中国
外国
《阿Q正传》——鲁迅 《老人与海》——海明 《透明的红罗卜》、 威（美）
《野种》、《你的行 《鸳之死》——维尔 为使我们恐惧》—— 加（意大利） 莫言
中国
外国
世界三大短篇小说巨匠
(there great masters of short
《摩罗诗力说》、《文化偏 stories in the world)
• Novella (中篇小说)
• Short story (短篇小说）
• Mini-story (微型小说）
• 长篇小说 长篇小说字数最为不定，字数差距最大。有十几万
字的（这算是长篇小说字数的底线了），更有上百万字甚至几百 万字的长篇小说。如此长篇小说还可分为小长篇（一般的在十几 万到三十万字间），中长篇（一般的是五六十万字），大长篇 （一般要在八十万字以上），超长篇（一般的要达到一百五十万 字）巨长篇（往往是几百万字数的，像二百多万字，三百多万字 甚至过五百万字的）。
• A Tale of Two Cities---Charles John Huffam Dickens
• Gone with the Wind---Margaret Mitchell
• The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe--Daniel·Defoe
• David Copperfield---Charles John Huffam Dickens
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Round characters are more complex than flat or stock characters, and often display the inconsistencies and internal conflicts found in most real people. They are more fully developed, and therefore are harder to summarize. Journey to the West
Setting
The setting is the physical and social context in which the action of a story occurs. The major elements of setting are the time, the place, and the social environment that frames the characters. Setting can be used to evoke a mood or atmosphere that will prepare the reader for what is to come. Sometimes, writers choose a particular setting because of traditional associations with that setting that are closely related to the action of a story.
Discussions of plot include not just what happens, but also how and why things happen the way they do.
Plot may have three parts:
• Rising Action • Climax • Falling Action
Some flat characters are recognized as stock characters; they embody stereotypes such as the “dumb blonde” or the “mean stepfather.” They become types rather than individuals.
A static character does not change throughout the work, and the reader’s knowledge of that character does not grow, whereas a dynamic character undergoes some kind of change because of the action in the plot. A flat character embodies one or two qualities, ideas, or traits that can be readily described in a brief summary. They are not psychologically complex characters and therefore are readily accessible to readers.
A hero or heroine, often called the PROTAGONIST, is the central character who engages the reader’s interest and
empathy（同感，共鸣 ）.
The ANTAGONIST is the character, force, or collection of forces that stand directly opposed to the protagonist and gives rise to the conflict of the story.
Rising Action
Complication(s) creates some sort of conflict for the protagonist (the main character).Fra bibliotek Climax
the moment of greatest emotional tension in a narrative, usually marking a turning point in the plot at which the rising action reverses to become the falling action.
The Elements of Fiction
Fiction refers to any imaginary work portraying characters and
events
Elements of fiction
Classification of fiction : novel, novelette, short story. Short short story.
Falling Action or RESOLUTION
the conclusion of a plot’s conflicts and complications. The resolution follows the climax in the plot.
Character
a person or animals or objects presented in a dramatic or narrative work
The Elements Include:
• Plot • Symbolism
• Character • Theme
• Setting • Irony
• Point of View • Tone and Style
PLOT
An author’s selection and arrangement of incidents in a story to shape the action and give the story a particular focus.
Characterization is the process by which a writer makes the character seem real to the reader.
Methods of Characterization :
1.Direct: “he was an old man..” (The Old Man and the Sea) 2.Own Words and Actions 3.Reaction of other Characters 4.Physical appearance 5.Own thoughts