英语被动句的汉译英
英语被动句的汉译
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(1)Mr. Billings cannot be deterred from his plan. (人们)不能阻止比林斯先生实行他的计划
无忧PPT整理发布
(2)To explore the Moon’s surface, rockets, satellites and airships were launched again and again. 为了探测月球的表面，人们一次又一次地发射 火箭、卫星和飞船。 (3) With the rapid development of modern
(1) These views of Marx and Engels have now been adopted by all proletarians （无产阶 级）who are fighting for their emancipation. 马克思和恩格斯的这种观点，现在已为正在争取 解放的全体无产阶级所接纳。 (2)Once the men had been accepted by the Comet（彗星） organization, they were brought to Brussels. 士兵们一旦为彗星组织所接受，就被送到布鲁塞尔去。
（3）The whole country was armed in a few days. 几天以内全国武装起来了。 （4）On their domestic stations events in the Middle East were dismissed briefly. 在他们国内电台的广播中， 中东事件只 轻描淡写地报道了一下。
It was first intended that…… 最初就有这样的想法 …… It is enumerated that…… 列举了…… It is weighted that…… 权衡了…… It may be without fear of exaggeration that…… 可以毫不夸张地说…… It must be pointed out that…… 必须承认…… It must be pointed out that…… 必须指出……
英语中被动句的翻译方法
英语中被动句的翻译⽅法（1) 汉语中有被/由/叫/挨/让/给/受/遭等词时,可译成英语被动句.他常被派做这项⼯作. He is often sent to do this work.你叫⾬淋湿了. Have been wetted in the rain.这孩⼦昨天挨来了⼀顿批评. The boy was criticized yesterday.我们的⾐服给汗⽔湿透了. Our clothes were soaked with sweat.东西受潮了. The things have been affected with damp.他们去年遭了灾. They were hit by a natural calamity last year.(2) 不带标记的汉语被动句有些句⼦的主语不是动词的执⾏者,⽽是动作的承受者,结构上是主动的,但含义上确是被动的,英译时⽤被动句处理.历史是⼈民创造的. History is made by the people.这⾸歌是我⼀个朋友谱写的. The song was composed by a friend of mine.这个问题必须予以处理. This matter must be dealt with.这座桥将在今年年底建成.The construction of the bridge will be completed by the end of this year.(3) 汉语某些习语的译法:有些汉语习语,语态上是主动的,但英译时要⽤被动语态,特别是英语中以IT作形式主语的句式.应该说,基本情况是健康的. It should be said that the situation is basically sound.据报,敌⼈当时离那⾥只有⼗⾥.It is reported that the enemy were ten li away.很明显,这计划应当取消. It is obvious that the plan should be scrapped.据谣传,那场事故是由于玩忽职守⽽造成的. It is rumored that the accident was due to negligence.据了解这地⽅有丰富的⾃然资源. It is known that the area is rich in natural resources.有⼈认为 It is considered that-- 普遍认为 It is generally accepted that--据信 It is believed that-- 众所周知 It is well known that据悉 It is learned that 据推测 It is supposed that--据估计 It is estimated that 必须指出 It must be pointed out that可见 It will be seen that 不⽤说 It is understood that⽆可否认 It cannot be denied that 已经证明 It has been proved that可以肯定 It may be confirmed that 可以有把握地说 It may be safely said that⼈们有时会问 It is sometimes asked that ⼈们希望 It is expected that据说 It is said that据报道 It is reported that。
被动语态的翻译
被动语态的翻译
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英语中以it 做形式主语，以被动语态作谓语，其后跟一个由that引导的主语从句的结构很多。这种结 构在译成汉语时，除把it一律省略外，通常有两种处理方法： 1.在被动语态前加“人们”、“有人”、“我们”、“大家”等词 2.用“据……”等短语译出
2). It is estimated that Americans spend up to five years of their lives in that tedious, stressful but unavoidable process known as waiting. 据估计，美国人一生中, 在乏味而令人厌烦, 却又躲避 不掉的等待上所耗费的时间,竟达五年之多。 英语中这种it做形式主语的被动句型在各类文章中比 比皆是，汉译时一般均按主动结构译出。即将原文中 的主语从句译在宾语的位置上，而把it做形式主语的主 句译成一个独立语或分句。常见的固定结构如：
4) The monkeys were given sweet potatoes by scientists who wanted to attract them to the shore of an island.
科学家们给猴子白薯，想把它们引到海岛的岸边。
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被动语态的翻译
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B . 把被动语态译成汉语主动句 1). His pride must be pinched. 他这股傲气应该打下去。
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被动语态的翻译
1.4 “It+ be+ past participle + that引导的从句”句型的翻译 A. 不加主语 It is hoped that... 希望…… It is reported that … 据报道…… It is said that... 据说…… It is supposed that… 据推测…… It may be said without fear of exaggeration that… 可以 毫不夸张地说…… It must be admitted that... 必须承认…… It must be pointed out that... 必须指出…… It will be seen from this that… 由此可见……
英语被动句的翻译
Linda was praised by her teacher. 琳达受到了老师的表扬。
Vitamin C is destroyed when it is overheated． 维生素C受热过度就会被破坏。 The schoolboy was knocked down by a car when crossing the street. 那名男生在穿过街道时被一辆小汽车撞倒了。
It may be safely said that…可以有把握地说…… It must be pointed out that… 必须指出…… It can be clearly seen that…可以清楚地看到…… It should be noted that… 应当指出…… It is felt that…人们感到…… It is thought that… 人们认为…… It is understood that…人们明白…… It is reported that…据报道…… It was estimated that… 据估计…… It has been calculated that…根据计算…… It has been proved that…业已证明…… It is found that…有人发现…… It is asked that…有人会问…… It was so decided that… 就此决定……
英语被动句的翻译技巧
英语被动句的翻译技被动句式. 但英语中被动句语态出现的频率远远高于中文, 尤其是在科技论文中，经常会使用到被动语态。 所以英语中的被动句在转译成汉语时，由于汉 语表达习惯的要求, 应该翻译成汉语的主动句。 具体有以下几种情况。
1. 翻译成汉语的被动句，主要是用“被”、
被动句的英译
汉语和英语都有主动语态和被动语态之分，可是对于两种语态的运用不尽相同。
一般来说，英语里运用被动语态的频率明显高于汉语。
从句法角度看。
英语重形合，注重句法结构和表达形式。
当主动式不便于表达时，出于造句的需要或修辞的考虑，往往采用被动式，除此之外，从文体的角度看，某些文体较多使用被动句，以迎合其表达的需要。
昨晚我盖了两条被子。
（不说“昨晚我被两条被子盖着”）Last night I was covered up with two quilts.困难克服了，工作完成了，问题也解决了。
The difficulties have been overcome, the work has been finished and the problem solved.树被风刮倒。
The tree was blown down by the wind. 风把树刮倒了。
The wind blew down the tree.她被人杀害了。
She was killed. 有人把她杀害了。
Someone killed her.敌人的阴谋被揭穿了。
The enemy’s plot was exposed.我们把敌人的阴谋揭穿了。
We exposed the enemy’s plot.“为……所”式，是较古的被动式，与现代的被动式结合，即为“被……所”，如：茅屋为秋风所破。
The Thatched house was destroyed by the autumn storm. 她被花言巧语所陶醉。
She is intoxicated with sweet words.“是……的”式，即表示状态的静句，通常可以与表示动作的动句互相转换，如：这些产品是我国制造的。
These products are made in our country.风速是用秒米表示的。
The speed of wind is expressed in metres by second. “……的是”式，一般可以与“是（由）……的”式互相转换，如：推荐我的是一位教授。
英语主动被动互译
1.The plan will be examined by a special committee first. 2.This question will be discussed in the next chapter. 3. No reference books are to be taken out of the reading room without permission. 这计划将由一个特别委员会加以研究。 这个问题将在下一章加以讨论。 本阅览室的任何参考书都不得擅自带出。
如：Jack
was asked to be there on time by
them． 直译的意思是“杰克被他们要求按时到场。” 但按照汉语的习惯，我们表示“被动”的主 要形式就是受事施事化．所以，我们将它翻 译成“他们要求杰克按时到场。”
2. 英语被动句的句式形式
1. 在英语中使用被动语态的情况： A. 施事者未知或者不需要 The murderer was caught yesterday. 凶手已于昨天被捕。 Visitors are requested to wait. 来宾请等候。 New factories are being built all over the country. 全国各地都在兴建工厂。
4. 把主语转换成宾语
It is well known that the compass was invented in China more than two thousand years ago. 众所周知，中国在两千多年前就发明了指南针。
During the visit, extensive, earnest and frank discussions were held between the two leaders. 访问期间，两位领导人进行了广泛，认真和坦率的 讨论。
被动语态的翻译
Care should be taken to see that the letter is properly addressed.
要注意看看信的地址有没有写错。
无主语结构/添加主语——习惯套语
It is hoped that … 希望…… It is reported that … 据报道…… It is said that … 据说…… It is supposed that … 据推测…… It may be said without fear of exaggeration that … 可以毫不夸张地说…… It must be admitted that … 必须承认…… It must be pointed out that … 必须指出…… It will be seen from this that … 由此可见…… It is considered that-- 有人认为 It is generally accepted that--普遍认为
The numerical data concerned are provided in the next chapter. 下一章提供了有关的数据资料。
4. 翻译成汉语的无主句
Great efforts should be made to inform young people especially the dreadful consequences of taking up the habit of smoking. 应该尽最大努力告诫年轻人吸烟的危害, 特别是吸上瘾 后的可怕后果 。
It is asserted that … 有人主张 …… It is believed that … 有人认为…… It is generally considered that … 大家(一般人)认为 It is well known that … 大家知道(众所周知)…… It will be said … 有人会说…… It was told that … 有人曾经说……
英语被动句的翻译
4、将英语的被动句译成汉语的被动句 4. 1译成汉语的“被……”或“给……” The motion is rejected.(动机被否决了) ——原句的主语仍作主语，在行为主体前加“被”字表 示被动。 I started to explain that I could not do my best since my glasses had been taken away from me, but she wouldn't let me finish. (我开始解释，我不可能干得好，因为我的眼镜给拿走了， 但她不准我讲完。) ——句子中主语不变，在谓语前加“给”字表示被动。 4. 2.译成汉语中带有“遭”、“遭到”、“遭受”、 “让”、“叫”等表示被动的句子 . They were hit by a natural calamity last year. (他们去年遭灾了)
5、特殊翻译法 所谓特殊翻译法，是指在某些情况下英语的一 些被动句并不适合套用上述四种模式(方法)来翻 译，翻译时只有先弄懂原句意，再根据汉语的表 述特点，把它译成通顺、可读的汉语句。 She was delivered of a girl （她生了一个女孩。） I was told that she had committed suicide. （我听说她自杀了。） He has been married to a Comrade Yang (他和一位姓杨的同志结了婚。) Dr Smith has been asked to attend the academic discussion (史密斯博上应邀参加了学术研讨会)
英语被动句的翻译
1、将英语的被动句译成汉语的主动句
1. 1原文中的主语在译文中仍作主语 Water can be changed from a liquid into a solid. （水能从液体变成固体） ——原句主语仍作主语，省译“被”字。 The novel "A Dream of Red Mansions" has been translated into many foreign languages. (小说《红楼梦》己经译成许多国文字。) 1. 2.原句中的主语在译文中作宾语(动作的发出者作主语) Heat and light can be given off by this chemical change. （这种化学反应能放出热和光。） ——用“by”引导的介词宾语作主语。 这种译法是把原句的主语翻译成宾语，把原句中的宾 语译成主语。
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------这种译法适合于描写或说明事物的句子， 并且句子带有介词引பைடு நூலகம்的地点状语或其他形 式的状语，此时我们就可以把状语译成主语。
2.将英语的被动句译成汉语的判断句
汉语中常用“……是……的”这一句式来说明人 和事物的客观情况。这种结构在语义上往往 具有被动的含义，可以与英语的被动结构相 沟通。 e.g. My first twenty years were spent in China.
4.2 译成汉语中带有“遭”“遭到”“遭 受”“让”“叫”等表示被动的句子 e.g. They were hit by a great earthquake last month.
他们上个月遭受了一次大地震。 -------这种译法既可以用来翻译该动作对动作主体 不利的句子，也可以用来翻译对动作主体有利的 句子。
发现错误一定要改正。 -------从句与主句同一主语，可译成一句。
e.g. Attention should be paid to the study of water pollution.
应该注意对水污染的研究。 -------原句的主语和谓语合译成汉语无主句。
e.g. Water can be shown as containing impurities.
• 1.2 原句中的主语在译文中作宾语（动作 的发出者作主语） E.g. Large quantities of fuel are used by modern industry.
现代工业耗用大量原料。
---- 用 by 引导的介词宾语作主语，这种译 法是把原句的主语翻译成宾语，把原句的 宾语翻译成主语。
我的前20年是在中国度过的。
3.将英语的被动句译成汉语的无主句
汉语中有些句子可以不带主语，因此 当无需说出行为主体时，可将英语的被动句 译成汉语的无主句。 一般来说，英语中不带 by 短语，并含 有情态动词的被动句都可以采用这种译法， 译时将原句中的主语译成宾语放在动词后面， 也可以加“把”、“将”、“对”等词将宾 语放在动词之前。
他被气枪弹丸击中头部。
• 由于英汉两种语言在表达习惯上的差异， 英语被动语态的使用频率比汉语含“被” 字的句子高得多，因此英语被动句的译法 比较灵活。 • • • • 1.将英语的被动句译成汉语的主动句 2.将英语的被动句译成汉语的判断句 3.将英语的被动句译成汉语的无主句 4.将英语的被动句译成汉语的被动句
可以证明水含有杂质。 -----原句的主语译成的兼语式主语。
4.将英语的被动句译成汉语的被动句
汉语也有用被动形式表达的情况。当英 语被动句在语义上着重谓语动词本身的意义 时，可用汉语的被动结构来翻译。 这类句子都是着重被动的动作，有些说 出动作的主动者，有些则不说出动作的主动 者。英语被动句译成汉语被动句时可借助以 下方式：
e.g. I started to explain that I could not do my best since my glasses had been taken away from me, but she wouldn’t let me finish.
我开始解释，我不可能干的好，因为我的眼镜 给拿走了，但她不准我讲完。 ------ 句子中主语不变，在谓语前面加“给”字表示 被动。
1.将英语的被动句译成汉语的主动句
• 1.1 原句中的主语在译文中仍作主语 这种译法形式上与被动 Most of the questions have been settled 句没有区别，但实际上 satisfactorily. 主语和谓语是逻辑上的 大部分问题已经圆满解决了。（省略了 动宾关系，而不是主谓 被字） 关系。 The novel ”A dream of Red Mansions ” has been translated into many foreign languages. 小说红楼梦已经译成许多国文字。
4.1 译成汉语的“被……”或“给……”
e.g. Any minute we would surely be spotted by enemy planes flying in and out of the airfield.
我们随时都会被出入机场的敌机发现。 ------ 原句的主语仍做主语，在行为动词前加“被” 字表示被动。
• 1.3 增加逻辑主语 E.g. A woman was heard crying last night.
昨天夜里有人听见一个妇女在尖叫。 ----------这种译法仍然是把原句的主语译成宾语， 只是原句没有施动者，这时，我们可适当加上 “人们”、“人家”、“有人”等词作主语。
• 1.4 把原文中的状语部分译成汉语的主语 e.g. The compass was invented in China four thousand years ago.
e.g. All the data available should be collected and studied with care before one works at a theory.
在制定理论前，应该仔细搜集和研究所有 的数据资料。 ------原句的主语译成宾语，放在动词后。
e.g. Wrongs must be righted when they are discovered.
英语被动句的汉译英
• 被动语态是英语动词中的一种变化形式， 表示句子的谓语动词和其主语之间存在逻 辑上的动宾关系。 • 被动句的主语实际上是谓语动词动作的承 受者。 • 英语被动句把所要说明的人或事物放在主 语的位置上，目的是突出行为对象，因此 较少主观色彩。 E.g. He was shot in the head by an air gun pellet.