2017年研究生英语学位课统考真题及答案2
2017年研究生英语学位课统考真题及答案Part II Vocabulary (10minutes, 10 points)Section A (0.5 point each)21. The vast crowd bust into spontaneous cheering at the skillful play.A earnestB volcanicC heartyD automatic22. Not everyone in the intelligence community was convinced the document was genuine.A standardB validC neatD lucid23. They found substantial evidence that exposures to nerve gas was responsible for the veterans’ symptoms.A contactB betrayalC exhibitionD publication24 The majority of prospective adoptive parents use an adoption agency, while others consult adoption facilitators in the United States.A confidentB justifiedC sensibleD potential25. This patient must on no account be left unattended, even for one minute.A not repeatedlyB not in any circumstancesC without any reasonD with no explanation.26. Only a few Furgans remain alive today, a fading anthropological link with the first native Americans.A condescendingB amplifyingC prosperousD vanishing27. He was as deliberate in his speech as he was in his work, weighing his words momentously, even if they were only going to add up to a casual remark.A a wittyB an indifferentC an offendingD a humorous28. Embarrassed, he slung her over his shoulder and made a hasty exit.A turnB leapC speechD leave29. Eighty-five percent of people polled recently had not a clue what is meant by InfoTech, although 53% of those polled said they thought it sounded pretty important.A inspectedB registeredC votedD nominated30. It would be a way of preserving animals that are dying out because their habitat is being destroyed.A mateB prayC territoryD enemySection B (0.5point each)31. Mourinho is a young and ___coach who is prepared to lead his team to win the championship in his first season.A clumsyB humorousC ambitiousD intimate32. Just wait for one second, I am ____ready.A all butB all overC at allD at any moment33. If you can’t think of anywhere to go on Saturday, we ___as well stay home.A shouldB mightC canD need34. A nation that does not know history is ___ to repeat it.A discouragedB characterizedC linkedD fated35. They preferred a British Commonwealth or European arrangement, because this was substantially ____their British thinking.A in touch withB in line withC with relation toD with reference to36. The traffic accident that delayed our bus gave us a ___ reason for being late.A promptB vagueC irritableD legitimate37. The United States has 10 percent of the total petroleum _____of the world in its own territory, and has beena major producer for decades.A reservoirsB reservationsC reservesD reproductions38. This is the world’s first accurate ___ model of human heart in computer.A settingB laboringC showingD working39. In 2000 I visited Berkeley, where I began my long ___ with this world famous university.A interactionB nominationC reconstructionD association40. ___, ads for phony business opportunities appear in the classified pages of daily and weekly newspapers and magazines , and online.A SpeciallyB TypicallyC EspeciallyD CommonlyPart IIICloze Test ( 10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)Earthquakes have never really affected Hong Kong, but this has not been the case on the mainland, where their effects through history have often been devastating, causing widespread destruction and loss of life.In ancient China, earthquakes were occasionally followed by riots and rebellions, so it was important for the emperor to find out about quakes in remote parts of the country as soon 41 occurred. This was 42 far from easy in an age before modern telecommunications.In the year 132 AD, however, the scientist and inventor, Zhang Heng, devised a forerunner of the modern seismograph ( an instrument used by scientists to detect earthquakes). 43 only could it detect a distant earthquake as it happened, but it could 44 in which direction the epicenter of the quake lay.The machine, was from metal, was almost two meters 445, and shaped like a vase. There were dragons’heads around the rim, each with a metal ball in its mouth. The ball were balanced 46 when the earth moved slightly, one of them would fall into the mouth of a metal toad at the base of the vase. 47 creating a loud noise to raise the alarm. The direction of the earthquake was indicated by 48 ball fell, and a special mechanism ensured that only one ball could fall.The device was viewed with considerable suspicion and doubt 49 especially since the first time it dropped a ball, no shock could be felt. But people changed their minds a few days later, when a messenger 50 news of an earthquake 700km away.41. A as it B if they C as they D that it42. A naturally B obvious C clear D hardly43. A But B Not C Yet D If44. A show besides B have to show C also indicate D also displaying45. A across B through C length D width46. A in order to B carefully if C delicately D so that47. A besides B thereby C resulting D furthermore48. A whichever B how C whenever D the49. A to begin B besides C initially D first50. A would bring B brought C carrying D had carriedPart IVReading Comprehension ( 45minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Passage 1In a new book published this month called Gray Dawn, Peter G. Peterson predicts that in less than 25 years, senior citizens will comprise more than 18 percent of the entire U.S. population ----the same proportion as in Florida today. Put another way, that means that early in the 21st century, there will be more grandparents than grandchildren. Peterson, a former secretary of Commerce under Nixon, is primarily concerned with what the aging of America---a product of both longer life spans and falling birthrates---means for Social Security and Medicare. But the social ramifications will be at least as profound as the economic ones. Will all those seniors shift the balance of political power? How will Hollywood executives, funeral directors and the auto industry change their products to meet the demands of a markedly older public? Because women tend to outlive men, will an older America also be significantly more female? In short, what will America be like when we all become aSenior Nation?Anyone who has visited West Palm Beach or Tucson knows part of the answer, lots of people driving very slowly in big cars on their way to early-bird dinners. But that’s only the most broad-brush observation. The political changes alone will be enough to bury all those stereotypes about the feeble elderly. Peterson estimates that by 2038, people 64 and older will make up 34 percent of the electorate-up from only 16 percent in 1966. you think Social Security is a sacred cow now? And the battle over entitlements may get uglier. The 65-plus population is about 85 percent white. The younger generations---the ones footing the seniors’ bills---are much more racially mixed. “What you’ve got is an overwhelmingly white generation with enormous influence, asking African-Americans, Hispanics and Asians to support them for decades,” says Ken Dychtwald, president of Age Wave, a consulting firm that focuses on the maturing marketplace. “The tension becomes not only generational but racial.”51. What is true of American population?A Florida’s population is 18% of the entire U.S. population.B American people will represent 18% of the world’s population.C American population will increase by 18% early in the next century.D Senior citizens will outnumber teenagers in less than 25 years in the U.S.52. According to Peterson, the aging of America is caused by ___A social security and medicareB shift in the balance of political powerC longer life spans and falling birthratesD social ramifications as well as economic ones53. Who is Peter G. Peterson?A a funeral director.B A Hollywood executiveC A secretary of CommerceD The author of G ray Daw n.54. Gray Dawn probably refers to the fact that ____A the younger generations are much more racially mixed.B the U.S will be significantly more female in the next century.C the stereotypes about the feeble elderly are being dispersed by political changes.D the U.S is entering a stage when they are more grandparents than grandchildren.55. What is the best title for the passage?A The U.S--- A Senior NationB The Senior Boom is ComingC A Book Called Gray DawnD Generational and Racial TensionPassage 2Weary after centuries of fighting the surging North Sea from gushing into this low-lying nation, the Netherlands is rethinking how to keep Dutch feet dry.The traditional method of stopping flood water has been to build dikes. But at the Second World Water Forum, a five-day conference that was to start today in The Hague, Dutch water experts were to explain that the best way to handle the water may be to let it in.In the Netherlands---half of which lies below sea level---the Ministry of Water Management has designated several low-lying regions as “calamity flood plains” that would be used in emergencies to divert floodwaters from populated areas, spokesman Hans Scholoten said.Referring to the fable of a Dutch boy named Hans Brinker who saved the nation from disaster by plugging a hole in the sea barrier, Undersecretary for Water Management Monique de Vries said: Hans Brinker will have to take his finer out of the dike and pull on his galoshes.”Although the country has built dikes and reclaimed land since the Middle Ages, repeated flooding of farmland in recent years and high maintenance costs have led to a rethinking about the old methods.“Sometimes it doesn’t make sense to ignore the processes of nature,”said Bert Blasé, spokesman for an association of regional water boards. “Flooding certain nature reserve areas every few years would be good for the environment.” Part of the plan involves widening river beds to allow larger volumes of water to flow to the sea.Although it is still unclear how much land could eventually be allocated to the project--- some inhabitants would have to be relocated---large areas of the eastern Dutch province of Gelderland have been labeled as suitable.While flooding is a serious threat to the Dutch, global warming could expose many more in this country of 15 million to drought and water pollution if governments do not take drastic measures, conference organizers have warned.More than 3,5000 delegates from 150 countries will attend the conference, the follow-up to the first global water congress, which was held in Marrakech, Morocco, two years ago.With one-sixth of the world’s population lacking clean drinking water, forum organizers have called for annual global spending on water problems to be more than doubled from about $70 billion or $80 billion to $180 billion.In the closing stages of the conference, ministers from more than 100 countries will meet to discuss sustainable water for the world’s growing population and farmers who grows crops for mass consumption.56. What is the new idea the experts put forward to keep Dutch feet dry?A To build more powerful dams.B To let the sea water in the inside.C To ignore the process of natureD To flood certain nature reserves.57. Hans Brinker is known as a national hero____.A In Dutch history who succeeded in diverting floodwater from the populated areas.B who took his finger out of the dike and built a sea barrier.C who pulled his finger on his galoshes and saved the nation from being drowned.D a legend who saved the nation by stopping the sea flood in58. Which of the following is NOT included in the forth-coming Dutch project in saving the nation from possible sea floods?A To designate some low-lying regions as “calamity flood plains”.B To let the sea flood certain nature reserve areas every few years.C To broaden some river beds to allow more river water to flow to the sea.D To expose many more areas of the country to drought or flood.59. All the following are the topics to be discussed in the Second World Water Forum EXCEPT_____A how to diver floodwaters from the populated areas of Holland.B how to reduce water pollution and provide more healthy drinking water for the growing population.C how to help farmers to keep on the sustainable agriculture by watering their crops timely.D how to take measures to slow down the ever-accelerating global warming up tendency.60. The best way to paraphrase the sentence “Sometimes it doesn’t make sense to ignore the process of nature”is ____A Sometimes it’s no use ignoring the process of nature.B In some cases man can and must neglect the law of nature.C It would often be harmful for Man to go against the process of natureD Man must always follow the way of how things are going onPassage 3“Refrigerator production in China jumped from 1.4million units in 1985 to 10.6million in 1998,” according to David Fridley, a researcher in the Department of Energy’s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, USA.The Global Environmental Facility, through the United Nations Development Program, has decided to fund $9.3 million of the $40 million program to help the government of China transform its market for refrigerators. The refrigerator project began in 1989 when the EPA signed an agreement with the government of China to assist in the elimination of CFCs from refrigerators. Berkeley Lab has been involved in the project since 1995 through the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, developing the market transformation program based on the success of the first phase of the project, which involved designing and testing CFC( echlorofluorocabon含氯氟烃)free,energy, efficient refrigerators. Fridley says that beyond his technical supervisory role, the Laboratory will be involved in training and working with the State Bureau of Technical Supervision as the new efficiency standards are developed.“Market transformation,” Fridley explains, “is the process of shifting consumer demand for a product, in this case to a more energy efficient, environmentally favorable product through voluntary, market based means such as technical assistance and training for manufacturers, consumer education, and financial incentives to manufacture and sell the more efficient product.”“Collectively, we developed a technical training program for Chinese refrigerator manufacturers interested in developing CFC free, efficient refrigerators; a financial incentive program to motivate manufacturers to build the most efficient refrigerator possible; and a mass purchasing program for Chinese government agencies that acquire refrigerators in bulk,”Fridley says.In 1998, the refrigerator project was awarded an International Climate Protection Award by the EPA. “It is not widely known in the United States, but China has had an energy efficiency policy in place since the early 1980s,”says Mark Levine, Environmental Energy Technologies Division director and an advisor to the Chinese government on energy efficiency. “The government of China is committed to using energy more efficiently, and this has allowed the economy to grow at nearly twice the rate of energy consumption.”“The Energy-Efficient Refrigerator Project will have a significant, direct effect on reducing greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions. We are Berkeley Lab are graceful to have the chance to work with the people and government of China on this project, as well as on our other refrigerator production projects in energy data analysis, appliance efficiency standards, and technical advice on cogeneration plants,” adds Levine.61. The main idea of this passage is about _____A the refrigerator production in China supported by UN and USA.B the energy-efficient refrigerator project in China aided by the UN.C the American aid to the Chinese government in environmental protection.D the tremendous increase of China’s refrigerator production.62. From what the two American researchers said we can conclude that ____A the America experts working in the refrigerator project are disappointed at China’s refrigerator production.B the American researchers are particularly worried about China’s over-emission of CCFC into the air.C the American researchers in refrigerator technology enjoy their opportunity to work in China.D the American experts see China as the best place to increase their export of refrigerator technology.63. According to the Fridley, “Market transformation” means ____A giving a practical guide to the consumers’ needs as which products are better.B strengthening the training of designers and manufacturers and educate the consumers to distinguish right products from the fake ones.C producing high-quality products that can reach the international standards for environmental protection.D trying to meet the demand of the consumers by improving the quality of products comprehensively.64 The pronoun “it” in the sentence “It is not widely known in the United States” (paragraph 5) may refer to ____A an International Climate Protection Award.B the EPA, that is, the U.S Environmental Protection AgencyC The refrigerator project that won the award.D The mass purchasing program for Chinese government agencies.65. Why is the Energy-Efficient Refrigerator Project of great significance to China’s further development?A Because the project will have a significant, direct effect on reducing greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions.B Because the Chinese government is eager to improve its people’s living conditions.C Because the Chinese government is determined to protect the environment from being destroyed by industrial pollution.D Because the Chinese government is eager to up-to-date the production of its electronic industry.Passage 4By the mid-nineteenth century, in addition to its natural resources, the United States had accumulated enough capital in the form of factories to productively employ a large amount of labor, or human resources. A nation that still consisted largely of independent farmers could not provide an adequate labor supply for heavy industrialization. But millions of new workers came to the United States from abroad.As we are all aware, not all these workers arrived voluntarily. Slaves were brought from Africa to the South; they were put to work on plantations to extract maximum harvests from the cotton fields. But in the North, the machines that turned that cotton into textiles were worked by massive waves of immigrants who came willingly from one part of Europe after another. This vastly expanded pool of labor allowed from large leaps in our national output.A nation can’t grow forever by finding more natural resources and attracting more workers; thus, a country’s extensive growth will eventually slow. But intensive growth gradually appears as better use is made of the labor force. In the United States, in the mid-nineteenth century many of the newly arrived immigrants were unskilled and illiterate, but the education policy of their new land meant that their children all received an education, and many were trained in a skill. If a society gives workers more knowledge, they will be able to use machines in a more complex way and to follow more complex instructions, yielding manufactured goods of greater value; this process is often known as investing in human capital. In the late twentieth century, our physical capital is so abundant and our natural resources so limited that we are beginning to appreciate the importance of improving our human resources if we are to continue to grow.66. This passage mainly discuss the national output in terms of ________A the labor forceB natural resourcesC factoriesD immigration67. We can infer from the passage (paragraph 2) that the South’s contribution to the growth of industry in the mid-nineteenth century was mainly ________A raw materialsB skilled laborC manufactured goodsD industrial sites68. The phrase “massive waves of immigrants” in line 9 of the passage means that ____A many immigrants came by ship.B immigrant families stayed together.C groups of immigrants came at different times.D groups of immigrants were greeted enthusiastically.69. From the passage, which of the following can be inferred about the United States in the first half of the nineteenth century?A It was producing large amounts of manufactured goods.B It was largely agricultural.C It was fully industrializedD It was low in natural resources70. We can infer from the passage that intensive growth of a nation’s economy requires ____A expansion of resourcesB better use of the labor forceC attracting unskilled laborD limiting the human resources.71.According to the passage, what is the end goal of an investment in human capital?A Providing more valuable manufactured goods.B Educating immigrant families.C Training in use of complex machines.D Developing literacy for all.72. We can infer from the passage (paragraph 3) that in the mid-nineteenth century the United States placed a high value to ___A European tradeB educationC agricultureD development of natural resources.Passage 5Economists have received the unfair reputation of being unable to agree on anything. The image of economists in disagreement is part of our folklore. An English commentator wrote: “If parliament were to ask six economists for an opinion, seven answers could come back---two no doubt from the volatile Mr. Keynes.” The London Times laments the “rise in skepticism about what economists can tell us,” and Business week complains about “the intellectual bankruptcy of economics profession.”The image of widespread disagreement among economists is overrated. The result of a survey of 100 professional economists confirm that there is considerable agreement among economists about what can be done (positive economics), especially in a microeconomic context. However, there is more disagreement over what ought to be done . Questions of what ought to be done (Should we equalize the distribution of income? Should we increase defense spending?) require moral and political value judgments on which individuals naturally differ. Finally , disagreement among professional economists receives more publicity than other scientific professions, which contributes to the false image of economists in disaccord.While disagreements in other sciences are as strong or even stronger than in economics, these disagreements are less visible to the public eye. Theoretical physicists have disagreed about the physical nature of the universe since the foundations of physics, but this scientific controversy is understood by only a few theoretical physicists.It does not require much disagreement to bring disputes to the public’s attention. Everyone is interested in economic questions: Will inflation accelerate? Will I lose my job? Why is the price of gasoline rising so fast? Why are home mortgages so hard to come by? Economists do disagree, particularly on some big macroeconomic issues. But often what the public perceives as disagreements over positive economics are really disagreements over what ought to be. In general, there is more agreement than disagreement among economists.73. According to the passage, the commentator mentions Mr. Keynes as noted for his ____A good senseB inconsistency of opinionsC predictabilityD greediness74. According to the passage, positive economics is ____A an attempt to convince disgruntled economistsB statements in microeconomics about what is possible.C financial statements showing againD results of economic surveys75. The author believes that disagreement between economists is all of the following EXCEPT _____A naturalB exaggeratedC publicizedD nonexistent76. According to the passage, which of the following statements describes disagreements between theoretical physicists?A They are fairly recent situations.B They are not easily understood by non-physicists.C The public follows them intently.D They are not worthy of publication.77. The phrase “hard to come by” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ____A badly advertisedB difficult to obtainC far awayD plentiful78. It can be inferred from the passage that economists find macroeconomic issues ___A more controversial than microeconomic issues.B easier to understand than positive economicsC similar to issues in theoretical physicsD not concerned with reality.79. The purpose of the author in this passage is to ___A point out a misconceptionB support a generalizationC elaborate on a mythD compare two views80. The author’s attitude toward economists in this passage is ____A sympatheticB criticalC indifferentD skepticalPaper TwoPart V Translation (30 minutes, 20 points)Section A (15 minutes, 10 points)The wise man knows the place of these things in the scheme of life as a whole. He knows that money and possessions are means, not ends. He knows the difference between pleasures of the moment and enduring satisfactions, between being great and being famous, between reverence and superstition, between solidity and show in literature, art and life. He knows that in the human lot some evils are unavoidable, that loss and disease and old age are bound to come; and he has made his peace with their coming.Section B ( 15minutes, 10 points)没有盼头的日子是苍白而且不可想象的人得天天有点什么盼头，生活才不至于暗淡．有了盼头，会觉得太阳每天都是新的．土地去掉水分，就成了沙漠；人没了盼，还剩什么？小盼头支撑人的一天，大盼头支撑人的一生．Part VI Writing (30 minutes, 10 points)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 150 words under the title of “Man’s Best Friend Is A Dog.” Your composition should be based on the following outline:1.Dogs play an important part in many people’s lives2.There are some unpleasant aspects of dogs in society.答案：21—30：A C B A D C A B C D 31—40：B D A C A C D C B A41—50：B D C A C B A D B D 51—60：A D B C D C B A B D61—70：A D B A C D C D C D 71—80：C A A C A D C B C C五、英译汉聪明的人懂得整个人生布局中的一切事物各归其位。
2017年研究生英语学位课统考真题
2017年研究生英语学位课统考真题Part II. Vocabulary ( 10 minutes, 10 points) Section A ( 0.5 point each)16. Terrorist activities, in whatever forms, are to be denounced by peace-loving people worldwide.A announcedB forgivenC condemnedD despised17. Problems with respiration are often associated with smoking and air pollution as has been proved.A aspirationB inspirationC creativityD breathing18. The military operations commenced yesterday were targeted at the Taliban’s military installations.A set aboutB set outC set apartD set aside19. No merchandise is currently in short supply thanks to the market economy.A businessmanB commodityC substanceD talent.20. It is becoming increasingly difficult for an only child to live up to the expectations of their parents.A encourageB surviveC arouseD fulfill21. This summit talk is thought to be instrumental in bringing about peace in this region.A helpfulB uselessC harmlessD inappropriate22. Faced with this grim situation, top executives of this company are trying to find quick solutions.A unexpectedB undesirableC comfortingD grave23. The bill was passed unanimously as a result of the intensive lobbying of some senators.A without any objectionsB in the endC in the darkD against heavy odds.24. Nobel Prize winners have been mostly scientists of international renown in some field.A institutionsB standardC prestigeD application.25. These natural resources will be depleted sooner or later if the present rate of exploitation continues.A exhaustedB evaluatedC deployedD popularized.Section B (0.5 point, each)26. Harry Potter was originally _____for children or teenagers, yet many adults have come to be crazy about the book.A extendedB intendedC inclinedD directed27. This experienced author was able to ____the lifetime’s work of Jefferson into one volume.A suppressB compressC expressD depress28. A Frenchman who has an unusually sensitive nose can ____ hundreds of different smells.A nominateB dominateC eliminateD discriminate29. The Chinese share the ____that their life will become better and the country more prosperous.A convictionB speculationC elaborationD perspiration30. After weeks of _____, the owners and the union leaders have finally agreed on the question of sick benefits.A administrationB arbitrationC authorizationD alternation31. It took this disabled boy a long time to ___ the fact that he was not qualified for admission to college.A come up withB come down withC come up toD come to terms with32. The authorities claim that the rate of crime is declining, but statistics show ____.A clockwiseB otherwiseC elsewhereD likewise33. Air attacks in Afghanistan are focused on airports and training camps to avoid civilian ____A involvementB rebellionC casualtiesD anguish34. After all, people across the Taiwan Straits are of the same race, so this island and the mainland are _______A inexplicableB irreplaceableC indispensableD inseparable35. President Bush said that the most urgent mission was to bring the wrongdoers to ____A justiceB justificationC adjustmentD justifiabilityPart III Cloze Test ( 10 minutes, 15 points, 1 point each )It has been said that in a high-divorce society, not only are more unhappy marriages likely to end in divorce, but in addition, more marriages are likely to become unhappy. Much of life’s happiness and much of its 36 come from the same resource ---one’s marriage. Indeed, few things in life have the potential to provide as much 37 or as much anguish. As the accompany box indicates, many couples are having more than their share of the 38 .But divorce statistics reveal only part of the problem. For each marriage that sinks, countless others remain 39 but are stuck in stagnant waters. “We used to be a happy family, but the last 12 years have been horrible,” 40 a woman married for more than 30 years. “My husband is not interested in my feelings. He is truly my worst 41 enemy.” Similarly, a husband of nearly 25 years said, “My wife has told me that she doesn’t love me anymore. She says that if we can just exist as roommates and each go our 42 ways when it comes to leisure time, the situation can be 43 .Of course, some in such terrible straits 44 their marriage. For many, however, divorce is 45 . Why? According to Dr. Karen Kavser, factors such as children, community disgrace, finances, friends, relatives and religious beliefs might keep a couple together, even in a 46 state. “Unlikely to divorce legally,” she says, “these spouses choose to 47 a partner from whom they are emotionally divorced.”Must a couple whose relationship has cooled 48 themselves to a life of dissatisfaction? Is a loveless marriage the only 49 to divorce? Experience proves that many troubled marriages can be saved ---- not only from the 50 of breakup but also from the misery of lovelessness.36. A mighty B misery C mystery D myth37. A delight B dismay C dignity D destiny38. A late B later C latter D last39. A ashore B afloat C arrogant D ascended40. A conferred B compromised C confessed D confided41. A passional B feeling C emotional D sensational42. A separate B parting C different D divided43. A excused B forgiven C comprehended D tolerated44. A intensify B terminate C reinforce D betray45. A in the end B out of the count C in the way D out of the question46. A loving B lovely C loved D loveless47. A insist on B persist in C remain with D keep in with48. A resign B deposit C expel D return49. A pattern B destination C alternative D route50. A addiction B agony C abuse D abolitionPart IV Reading Comprehension ( 45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Passage OneMoviegoers may thi nk history is repeating itself this weekend. The summer’s most anticipated film,Pearl Harbor, which has opened recently, painstakingly re-creates the Japanese attack that drew the United States into World War II. But that isn’t the film’s only reminder of the past. Harbor invites comparison to Titanic, the biggest hit of all time. Like Titanic, Harbo r attempts to create popular global entertainment from a deadly real-life tragedy. Like Titanic, Harbor costs a pretty penny and hopes to get in even more at the box office.Both Titanic and Pear l harbor unseal their tales of love and tragedy over more than three hours.Both stories center on young passion, triangle of tension with one woman and two men: in Titanic, Leonardo DiCaprio and Billy Zane compete for the love of the same woman, a high-society type played by a British actress named Kate (Winslet). In Harbor, two pilots (Ben Affleck, Josh Hartnett) fall for the same woman, a nurse played by a British actress named Kate (Beckinsale).The scenes of peril also have similarities, Harbo r has a shot in which soldiers cling for dear life as the battleship USS Oklahoma capsizes. The moment is recalled for the Titanic’s climactic sinking scene in which DiCaprio and Winslet hang from the ocean liner as half of the ship vertically plunges into the water. In Harbor, one of its stars floats atop a piece of debris in the middle of the night, much like Winslet’s character does in Titanic.And the jaw-dropping action of Titanic is matched by Harbor’s 40-minute re-creation of the Dec.7, 1941 attack on the United States’ Pacific Fleet. Both films spent heavily on special effects. Harbor director, Michael Bay, for example, says he kept salaries down so more could be spent on the visuals. Both movies even shot their ship-sinking scenes at the same location: Fox Studios Baja in Mexico.Harbor’s makers have ever taken a Titanic-like approach to the soundtrack. The film includes one song,There You’ll be, performed by country music superstar Faith Hill. Titanic, which is one of the best selling soundtracks of all time, also has only one pop song: Celine Dion’s My Heart Will Go On.“If Harbor becomes a major moneymaker, filmmakers may comb history books searching for even more historical romance-action material,” says a critic.51. What are the two things that the author of this article tries to compare?A The attack on Pearl Harbor and the sinking of the Titanic.B Historical fiction movies and successful box office hits.C The movie Titanic and the on-show movie Pearl Harbor.D Sinking boats and famous actors.52. Pearl Harbor and Titanic are similar in all of the following aspects EXCEPT _____.A both spent large amount of money on special effects.B both have soundtracks starring a major pop star.C both added made-up stories to historical events.D both are documentary movies of historical events.53. Who plays the leading female role in Pearl Harbor?A Kate BeckisaleB Ben AffleckC Kate WinsletD Faith Hill54. What does the phrase “cost a pretty penny” in the first paragraph mean?A To be very attractiveB To cost a lot.C To have big box office returnsD To require a lot of efforts to accomplish55. If Pearl Harbor is as successful as Titanic, which of the following movies might we see next?A The Battle of WaterlooB The Advents of Mr. BeanC Space InvadersD The Haunted House56. It is said in the passage that __________A major historical events can never repeat themselves.B both Titanic and Pearl Harbor are the historical reappearance.C Pearl Harbor may have a better box office return than Titanic.D Titanic is the most successful film in history.Passage TwoA few weeks ago my mother called to say there was a warrant out for my arrest. I was mystified. I’d like to think myself dangerous but I’m a mild-mannered journalist. I don’t have a criminalrecord, though the address on my driver’s license is my mother’s ---- thus the “raid”. I hadn’t robbed any convenience stores lately, nor fled the scene after backing a Jeep into a crowd of people. But this is Mayor Giuliani’s New York, where it doesn’t take much to draw the attention of cops. New Yorkers know all about Hizzonor’s banning homeless cleaning men from approaching drivers and offering to clean the ir windshields. He’s also cracked down on street vendors. Yuppie that I am, I’ve never given much thought to what it felt like to be on the other side of the law.So when the cops came knocking, I thought there must be some mistake. Imagine my embarrassment upon discovering my crime. One Saturday night in March, I strolled out of apartment after dinner, a Coors Light beer in hand. Suddenly a police officer came up and wrote me a ticket. The charge: violating New York City’s open-container laws. Yeah, I probably should have paid it then and there. But instead I stuck the pink slip in my back pocket---- and forgot about it. When I called to inquire about my case, I was told to “speak with Officer Kosenza.” But I didn’t get a chance. Kosenza called me that night while I was having dinner with my girlfriend. He wanted me to come to court, right then. But I was cautious. It seems New York’s police are in a bind. With crime falling to record lows, it’s getting harder and harder for cops to “make the numbers” that show they’re do ing a better and better job. What to do? The answer is to rifle through out-of-date tickets that haven’t been paid --- anything they could turn into a “crime”. I finally decided to turn myself in, which is now I found myself, one August evening, handcuffed at the downtown Manhattan police station with an older officer telling us tales of his days in the 1980s. “Times sure have changed,” he said, shaking his head at us statistically useful nuisances.Eventually I was led into a courtroom. Very quickly, it was done. Handcuffs off, out the door. I wanted to complain but went quietly home, promising not to do whatever I was guilty of for another six months. I got off easy. But I also learned a lesson: Guiliani’s clean streets come with a p rice. If only the mayor would neglect to pay a ticket.57. According to the passage, the author is probably _________A an urban young professionalB a narrow-minded journalistC a criminal wanted by the policeD a traffic offender58. The author was arrested primarily because _____A he once stuck a piece of pink paper in his back pocket.B he used his mother’s address on the driver’s licenseC he had robbed convenience shops before.D he drank some beer one night on the street.59. The wor d “nuisances” in the fourth paragraph may mean________A mild-mannered prisonersB trouble makersC new arrivalsD hardened criminals60. Through the passage, the author wants to convey the idea that _______A New York policemen are doing a good job---cracking down on crimes.B not everyone agrees with the mayor’s management of the city.C the crime rate has been reduced at the expense of citizen’s convenienceD everyone including the mayor should be punished if he is guilty of crime61. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?A The author pleaded guilty and was set free.B Policemen were trying hard to please their superiors.C Many so-called crimes were only trifle things.D It’s no use complaining to co ps when you are caught.62. The tone of the passage is _________A satiricalB objectivesC praisefulD complainingPassage ThreeEwen Cameron is long dead but his ghost appears to haunt Canada, where extraordinarily strictrules are being considered to protect the subjects of psychological research.Cameron was a scientist straight from a horror movie. On the surface, he was a respectable academic. But after the end of the Second World War, he visited the Nuremberg trials, superficially to exa mine Rudolf Hess’s psychological state. Many people believe that he also studied Nazi methods of mind control. Certainly, he never internalized the Nuremberg declaration that prohibits human experiments where risk outweighs “humanitarian importance.”Throughout the 1950s, Cameron ran a CIA-funded laboratory at McGill University where patients were used as guinea pigs in brainwashing experiments. Some patients were given ECT “therapy” twice daily, others were drugged and kept unconscious for weeks or mont hs, injected with huge amounts of drugs, and subjected to long-term sensory deprivation.Compensation has been paid to most surviving patients. But suspicion of the psychological sciences has not entirely gone away. Nor has the need for patients’ rights to be guaranteed. Cameron, after all, ensured that every patient signed a consent form, even though many were not in position to understand what it meant.The strict new rules for psychological research now under discussion can partly be understood in the light of special Canadian sensitivities. They are designed to ensure that no one can be involved in an experiment that might damage their own interests.All well and good, except that psychological sciences aren’t going to advance if anyone can lea ve an experiment if they don’t like the results. Obviously, ma ny psychological experiments would not be possible if the experimenters had to reveal exactly what they were testing.There is much to debate about the rights of patients and experimental subjects. The committee drawing up the code has apparently received 2,000 pages of comment on its draft.No one should do anything until this committee has had all the time it needs to read, digest and study these submissions. And then reach a truly balanced position.63. According to the author, we may conclude that __________A Cameron was a dedicated and responsible scientist.B Cameron was interested in unveiling the myths about Rudolf Hess’s psychological state.C Cameron tried to ensure that his subjects clearly understood the purpose of the experiments.D Cameron unmistakably violated the subjects’ rights.64. Which of the following statements is NOT true based on the second paragraph?A Cameron’s appearance might misrepresent his true perso nality.B Probing into the psychological state of the Nazi was outside Cameron’s professions.C Cameron did not observe the stipulation relating to human experiments.D People believed that he had undisclosed motives for attending the Nuremberg trials.65. We can infer from this passage that _________A making compensation for the subjects’ loss was illegal.B some subjects in Cameron’s experiments died.C people have been quite indifferent to the subjects’ rights.D as a rule, people are fully supportive of psychological science.66. The committee responsible for working out the rules governing psychological research______A has to give top priority to psychological advances.B is bombarded with criticisms from the public.C is expected to take into account all the reactions to the drafting.D should rely on those willing to sacrifice their own interests.67. One of the problems with the new rules for psychological research is that _________A the rules can do little to protect the pa tients’ rightsB people may withdraw from the experiments in fear of damage to their own interests.C it would be impossible to sort out anything valuable from the comments on the rules.D people’s response to psychological sciences is overwhelmingly n egative.Passage FourSome accept their fate. Others try to reason with the police officer who has pulled them over for some real or imagined traffic offense. But when law enforcement is represented by a computer-driven camera that has immortalized your violation on film---- as is the case at hundreds of intersections in more than 60 cities around the U.S.---it’s hard to talk your way out of a heavy fine. Yet that is precisely what some 300 motorists in San Diego succeeded in doing last week when a superior court judge rules that pictures taken by the so-called red-light camera were unreliable and therefore unacceptable.The first U.S. Court decision to reject all the traffic violations caught on camera, the ruling by judge Ronald Styn has fueled debate over the growing use of the devices. Police departments swear, and studies indicate, that the robocams ( robot camera) deter people from speeding and running red lights. A Lou Harris poll set for release this week finds that 69% of Americans support their use. Yet at least seven states have blocked proposal to implement them, and opponents---ranging from House majority leader Dick Armey to the American Civil Liberties Union ---- argue that the cameras violate privacy and place profit above public safety.Part of the problem is that virtually all the devices in place are operated by private firms that handle everything from installing the machinery to identifying violations ----often with minimal police oversight--- and have an incentive to pull in as many drivers as they can. The companies get paid as much as $70 a ticket, and the total revenue is hardly chump change. San Diego has got in $15.9 million since October 1998, and Washington $ 12.8 million since August 1999. “It’s all about money,” says Congressman Bob Barr, a leading critic. Not so, insists Terrance Gainer, Washington’s executive assistance chief of police. “We have reduced fatalities. If some company is making money off that, that is American way.”Critics counter that there must be other, less intrusive ways to make intersections safer, such as lengthening the yellow light and adding turn lanes. “I object to this fixation we have with cameras and electronically gathered information,” says Barr. “It places too much confidence in technology.” That confidence, as Washington residents have learned, can be misplaced. The city removed one camera last May that had generated more than 19,000 tickets at a particularly confusing intersection. In San Diego, faulty sensors made drivers appear to be going faster than they really were. The city suspended the system in July.Another concern is privacy. While systems in Washington, Maryland and North Carolina photograph nothing but the rear of the car, others in Arizona, California and Colorado take a picture of the driver’s seat as well as ----- a bit of electronic monitoring that could land straying spouses in trouble a lot more serious than a traffic violation.In Europe, where speedcams are deployed by the thousands and are even less popular than they are here, resentful drivers have started to take matters into their own hands, seeking out hidden cameras and knocking them over with their cars.68. It is mainly indicated in the first paragraph that _________A people respond differently when caught in traffic offense.B motorists can be wrongly accused by police officers.C speeders can’t defend themselves before red-light cameras.D computer-driven camera sometimes do tell lies.69 The court decision last week _____A triggered a dispute over the use of robocamsB immuned few camera-caught violators from punishment.C found fewer red-light camera supporters in America.D deterred some states from implementing camera devices.70. Opponents’ arguments against cameras include all the following EXCEPT _________A they intrude into people’s privacy.B they give priority to the pursuit of profit.C they are operated by private firms.D they are under the supervision of police71. Police apartment believe that _______A robocams should not be operated by private firms.B robocams are effective in maintaining traffic order.C speeding is the major cause of traffic fatalities.D companies operating cameras should not pursue money only72. The phrase “ chump change” in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to ________A trivialB moderateC enormousD indefinite73. According to the passage, Bob Barr ____________A is the majority leader in the House of Representatives.B is strongly against the American way of making money.C lacks confidence in modern technology.D doubts the authenticity of electronically gathered information.74. The writer’s attitude towards speedcams can be best expressed as ___A positiveB negativeC indifferentD uncertain75. Drivers in Europeans countries ___________A get angry at the red-light cameras.B destroy thousands of the speedcams.C take the initiative in the use of speedcams.D take drastic measures with speedcams.Passage FiveNow and then, researchers retreat from the trackless jungle at the edge of knowledge and set up camp in more familiar territory. Such expeditions don’t often yield surprises, but it’s always reassuring to know that the back yard looks much as we thought it did.Among those scientists were psychologists from the State University of New York at Stony Brook. To prove their theory---- that people are more likely to yell at a family member or a peer than a superior----they asked 100 college students to wear blood-pressure cuffs and to keep notes about when they got angry and what they did about it.The momentous conclusion: people tend to bottle up anger felt toward an authority figure, and are more likely to vent it instead at family members or friends.While these findings are far from earth-shattering, one researcher pointed out that nobody had ever looked at anger this way before.Big words can make a self-evident result seem weightier. Psychologists at the National Institute for Healthcare Research in Maryland used this technique when they announced that when one person hurts another, forgiveness “is associated with restored relational closeness following an interpersonal transgression.” Couples who have adopted the kiss-and-make-up strategy will no doubt be pleased to learn that there is now a sound scientific basis for their actions. Psychologists, however, aren’t the only ones taking pains to prove the obvious.Some boldly going where few have gone don’t always lead to radical conclusions. Over the years, researchers have set up weather-monitoring stations in remote areas of Antarctica. According to data from stations on the Ross Ice Shelf----where almost all those taking part in Robert Scott’s ill-fatedSouth Pole expedition perished sometime between late February and mid-March of 1912---temperatures as low as those recorded in Scott’s journal have been documented only once in the past 15 years.This evidence led to one inexorable conclusion about what killed Scott and most of his party:it was the cold.76. According to the author, the scientists who do researches in more familiar territory _____A have confirmed what we have already known.B have looked at things in new ways.C have had important discoveries by studying the obvious.D have done some useless work.77. Which of the following is NOT true according to the psychologist at Stony Brook?A When people get angry, their blood pressure changes.B People are less likely to show their anger to their family members.C People tend to let off their grievance at home.D They have looked at anger in a unique way.78. The psychologists in Maryland have proved that when one person hurts another, ____A it is easier for them to make up if they have very close relations.B it is easier for them to make up if they show their intimacy.C They should kiss each other to make it up.D They should find a sound scientific basis to make up79. According to the research on the Ross Ice Shelf, Robert Scott’s expedition failed because ____A most of the exped itioners couldn’t stand hardships.B Robert Scott should not have chosen to go there in winter.C It was exceptionally cold on Antarctica that year.D Robert Scott did not pay much attention to the temperature record of Antarctica.80. It is implied in the passage that ___________A people should not bottle up their anger at their family members or friends.B bold researches would lead to radical conclusion.C what scientists say is not necessarily important.D researchers should shift from the edge of knowledge to familiar fields.Part V Translation ( 40 minutes, 20 points ) Section A ( 20 minutes, 10 points) Regrettably for many in Silicon Valley, the ability to make accurate forecasts can depend on how well-established a company’s pr oducts are. Young industries on steep growth curves are almost always surprised by how well their products do in the first few years, and then they’re at a loss when demand falls. Says a Stanford University business strategy professor, “In a highly dynamic and unpredictable market people are going to make mistakes. It’s inherent in the type of business.”In many corners of Silicon Valley----and elsewhere ----unpredictability is inevitable. One solution: keep innovating but develop sound service businesses to sell with products. Building a “very strong service business”, a company president says, smoothes out the rough spots between innovations. Section B (20 minutes, 10 points)4年来，中国两次成功地克服了全球经济衰退的冲击，实现了经济持续快速增长。
2017年考研英语二真题原文及参考答案
2017年考研英语二真题原文及参考答案[注意：本文按照考研英语二真题原文及参考答案的格式进行书写] Passage OneWhen I was 15, I took a job at a supermarket in my hometown. My parents did not believe that I could hold down a job, but I was determined to prove them wrong. It was a challenging experience, but it taught me valuable lessons that have stayed with me to this day.The job involved stocking shelves, assisting customers, and handling cash transactions. At first, I struggled to adapt to the fast-paced environment and the demands of the customers. However, I quickly learned to stay calm under pressure and develop excellent multitasking skills. These skills not only helped me excel in my job but also prepared me for future challenges.Another important lesson I learned was the value of hard work and persistence. There were days when I felt exhausted and wanted to give up, but I reminded myself of my goal to prove my parents wrong. I pushed through the difficult times and learned to persevere, no matter what obstacles I faced. This mindset has been invaluable throughout my life, as it has helped me overcome difficult situations and achieve success in various endeavors.Furthermore, working at the supermarket taught me the importance of customer service. I realized that behind every transaction was a person with their own needs and concerns. By providing excellent customer service, I was able to make a positive impact on their day and ensure their satisfaction.This lesson has carried over into my professional life, where I prioritize customer satisfaction in all my interactions.In conclusion, my experience working at a supermarket at the age of 15 proved to be a valuable learning experience. It taught me the importance of staying calm under pressure, developing multitasking skills, working hard, persevering through challenges, and prioritizing customer service. These lessons have shaped my character and contributed to my personal and professional growth. I am grateful for the opportunity and the lessons learned during that time.【参考答案】1. What does the author try to convey in the passage?A) The challenges of working in a supermarket.B) The importance of proving oneself to others.C) The lessons learned from a part-time job.D) The significance of customer satisfaction in retail.2. Which of the following skills did the author develop from working at the supermarket?A) Problem-solving and negotiation skills.B) Time management and organizational skills.C) Technical and mechanical skills.D) Teaching and mentoring skills.3. How did the author feel on days when he/she wanted to give up?A) Motivated to prove others wrong.B) Guilty for disappointing his/her parents.C) Exhausted and physically drained.D) Excited for future challenges.4. According to the passage, why is customer service important?A) It ensures personal satisfaction and success.B) It guarantees repeat business and loyalty.C) It helps develop strong multitasking skills.D) It prepares individuals for future endeavors.。
2017年考研英语二真题及答案(完整版)
2017年考研英语二真题及答案(完整版)utomated labor。
but with a universal basic e provided by the government。
This would allow people to live comfortably without the need for work。
However。
critics argue that this would lead to a XXX.Another n of the future without work is one in which XXX taking care of menial tasks。
people would have more time to pursue their ns and interests。
This could lead to a society of artists。
thinkers。
and XXX.Regardless of the n。
XXX of work。
Jobs that were once considered secure and essential are now being automated。
and the trend is only expected to continue。
It is up to XXX are shared by all.In n。
the future without work is a complex and uncertain topic。
While it offers the potential for a more leisurely and fulfilling life。
it also poses challenges and risks。
It is up to us to shape this future and ensure that it is one that XXX.a better place。
2017年考研英语二真题和解析详细
WORD格式可编辑2016考研英语二真题及详细解析Section 1 Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Happy people work differently. They’re more productive, more cre ative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggests that happiness might influence__1__firm’s work, too.Companies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper.__2__, firms in happy places spend more on R&D (research and development). That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking__3__for making investments for the future.The researchers wanted to know if the__4__and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would__5__the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities’ average happiness__6__by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.__7__enough, firms’ investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were__8__.But is it really happiness that’s linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities__9__why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researchers controlled for various__10__that might make firms more likely to invest – like size, industry, and sales – and for indicators that a place was__11__to live in, like growth in wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally__12__even after accounting for these things.The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors__13__to “less codified decision making process”and the possible presence of “younger and less__14__managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.” The relationship was__15__stronger in places where happiness was spread more__16__.Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality.__17__ this doesn’t prove that hap piness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least__18__at that possibility. It’s not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help__19__how executives think about the future. “It surely seems pl ausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and__20__R&D more than the average,” said one researcher.1. [A] why [B] where [C] how [D] when2. [A] In return [B] In particular [C] In contrast [D] In conclusion3. [A] sufficient [B] famous [C] perfect [D] necessary4. [A] individualism [B] modernism [C] optimism [D] realism5. [A] echo [B] miss [C] spoil [D] change6. [A] imagined [B] measured [C] invented [D] assumed7. [A] Sure [B] Odd [C] Unfortunate [D] Often8. [A] advertised [B] divided [C] overtaxed [D] headquartered9. [A] explain [B] overstate [C] summarize [D] emphasize10. [A] stages [B] factors [C] levels [D] methods11. [A] desirable [B] sociable [C] reputable [D]reliable12. [A] resumed [B] held [C]emerged [D] broke13. [A] attribute [B] assign [C] transfer [D]compare14. [A] serious [B] civilized [C] ambitious [D]experienced15. [A] thus [B] instead [C] also [D] never16. [A] rapidly [B] regularly [C] directly [D] equally17. [A] After [B] Until [C] While [D] Since18. [A] arrives [B] jumps [C] hints [D] strikes19. [A] shape [B] rediscover [C] simplify [D] share20. [A] pray for [B] lean towards [C] give away [D] send out1. [标准答案] [C]how[考点分析] 连词辨析[选项分析] 根据语境，“新发现表明：快乐可能会影响工作__的稳定。
2017年全国硕士研究生考研英语二真题及答案详细解析
2017年全国硕士研究生考研英语二真题及答案详细解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the foll owing text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is no different，with academics，writers，and activists once again 1 that technology is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 .：A few wealthy people will own all the capital，and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland..A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort，one 4 by purposel essness：Without jobs to give their lives 5 ，people will simply become lazy and d epressed. 6 ，today’s unempl oyed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unempl oyed for at l east a year report having depression，double the rate for 7 Americans. Also，some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality，mental-health problems，and addicting 9 poorly-educated，middle-aged people is a shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobl ess future.But it doesn’t 11 foll ow from findings like these that a worl d without work woul d be fill ed with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unempl oyed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work，a society designed with other ends in mind coul d 14 strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today，the 15 of work may be a bit overbl own. “Many jobs are boring，degrading，unhealthy，and a waste of human potential，” says John Danaher，a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days，because l eisure time is relatively 16 for most workers，peopl e use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s work，I often feel 18 ，”Danaher says，adding，“In a worl d in which I don’t have to work，I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters.1. [A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring2. [A] inequality[B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty3. [A] policy [B]guideline [C] resolution[D] prediction4. [A] characterized [B]divided [C] balanced [D]measured5. [A] wisd om [B] meaning [C] glory[D] freedom6. [A] Instead [B] Ind eed [C] Thus[D] Neverthel ess7. [A] rich[B] urban [C]working[D] educated8. [A] explanation [B] requirement [C] compensation [D] substitute9. [A] und er [B] beyond[C] al ongsid e [D] among10. [A] l eave behind [B] make up[C] worry about[D] set aside11. [A] statistically [B] occasionally [C] necessarily[D] economically12. [A] chances[B] d ownsides[C] benefits[D] principl es13. [A] absence [B] height [C] face[D] course14. [A] disturb [B] restore[C] exclude [D] yield15. [A] model[B] practice[C] virtue [D] hardship16. [A] tricky [B] l engthy[C] mysterious[D] scarce17. [A] demands [B] standards[C] qualities [D] threats18. [A] ignored[B] tired[C] confused[D] starved19. [A] off[B] against[C] behind[D] into20. [A] technological[B] professional [C] educational[D] interpersonalSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the foll owing four texts. Answer the questions bel ow each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points）Text 1Every Saturday morning, at 9 a.m., more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Bad deley's world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.Parkrun is succeeding where Lond on's Olympic “legacy” is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. Planning documents pl edged that the great legacy of the Gameswoul d be to l evel a nation of sport l overs away from their couches. The population woul d be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults d oing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run－up to 2012－but the general population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils d oing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to “inspire a generation.” The success of Parkrun offers answers.Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the cl ock. The ethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidd ers, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally “grassroots”, concept as community sports associations. If there is a role for government, it shoul d really be getting involved in providing common goods－making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successive governments have presid ed over selling green spaces, squeezing money from l ocal authorities and declining attention on sport in education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to d o more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.21. According to Paragraph1, Parkrun has_____.A．gained great popularity B．created many jobsC．strengthened community ties D．become an official festival22. The author believes that Lond on's Olympic "legacy" has failed to_____.A．boost population growth B．promote sport participationC．improve the city's image D．increase sport hours in schools23. Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it_____.A．aims at discovering talents B．focuses on mass competitionC．does not emphasize elitism D．d oes not attract first-timers24. With regard to mass sport, the author holds that governments should_____.A．organize "grassroots" sports events B．supervise local sports associationsC．increase funds for sports clubs D．invest in public sports facilities25. The author's attitud e to what UK governments have done for sports is_____.A．Tol erant B．Critical C．Uncertain D．sympatheticText 2With so much focus on chil dren’s use of screens, it's easy for parents to forget about their own screen use. “Tech is designed to really suck on you in,” says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, "and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine.”Rad esky has studied the use of mobile phones and tabl ets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. During a separate observation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. Parents would be l ooking at their emails whil e the children would be making excited bids for their attention.Infants are wired to l ook at parents’ faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a d evice－it can be extremely disconcerting foe the children. Radesky cites the “still face experiment” d evised by devel opmental psychol ogist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it, a mother is asked to interact with her chil d in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback; The chil d becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention. “Parents d on't have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a chil d’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,” says Radesky.On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids' use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideol ogy that d emands that parents should always be interacting” with their children: “It’s based on a somewhat fantasized, very white, very upper-mid dle-class id eology that says if you’re failing to expose your child to30,000 words you are neglecting them.” Tronick believes that just because a child isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it－particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which lets then be more availabl e to their child the rest of the time.26. According to Jenny Rad esky, digital products are d esigned to ______.A．simplify routine matters B．absorb user attentionC．better interpersonal relations D．increase work efficiency27. Rad esky’s food-testing exercise shows that mothers’ use of d evices ______.A．takes away babies’ appetite B．distracts children’s attention28. Rad esky’s cites the “still face experiment” to show that _______.A．it is easy for children to get used to blank expressionsB．verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchangeC．children are insensitive to changes in their parents’ moodD．parents need to respond to children's emotional needs29. The oppressive ideol ogy mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_______.A．protect kids from exposure to wild fantasies B．teach their kids at least 30,000 words a yearC．ensure constant interaction with their children D．remain concerned about kid's use of screens30. According to Tronick, kid’s use of screens may_______.A．give their parents some free time B．make their parents more creativeC．help them with their homework D．help them become more attentiveText 3Today, wid espread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overl ook the possibility of taking a gap year. After all, if everyone you know is going to coll ege in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn't it? And after going to school for 12 years, it doesn't feel natural to spend a year doing something that isn’t academic.But whil e this may be true, it’s not a good enough reason to condemn gap years. There's always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated “race to the finish line,” whether that be toward graduate school, medical school or lucrative career. But despite common misconceptions, a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits－in fact, it probably enhances it.Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in coll ege than those who d o not. Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes－all things that first-year students often struggle with the most. Gap year experiences can lessen the bl ow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blund ers.If you’re not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to expl ore interests, then consider its financial impact on future academic choices. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing their majors at l east once. This isn’t surprising, consid ering the basic mandatory high school curriculum l eaves students with a poor understanding of themselves listing one major on their college applications, but switching to another after taking coll ege classes. It’s not necessarily a bad thing, but depending on the school, it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game. At Boston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department. Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.31. One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that_____.A．they think it academically misleading B．they have a lot of fun to expect in collegeC．it feels strange to do differently from others D．it seems worthless to take off-campus courses32. Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps_____.A．keep stud ents from being unrealistic B．l ower risks in choosing careers33. The word “acclimation”（Line 8, Para. 3）is cl osest in meaning to_____.A．Adaptation B．applicationC．Motivation D．competition34. A gap year may save money for stud ents by helping them_____.A．avoid academic failures B．establish long-term goalsC．switch to another college D．d ecid e on the right major35. The most suitable title for this text woul d be_____.A．In Favor of the Gap Year B．The ABCs of the Gap YearC．The Gap Year Comes Back D．The Gap Year: A DilemmaText 4Though often viewed as a probl em for western states, the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on fed eral tax dollars, says Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecol ogy and management.In 2015, the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires－nearly d ouble the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago. In effect, fewer federal funds today are going towards the agency's other work－such as forest conservation, watershed and cultural resources management, and infrastructure upkeep－that affect the lives of all Americans.Another nationwid e concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts. As Moritz puts it, how often are fed eral d ollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?“It’s already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country,” he says. We need to take a magnifying glass to that. Like, “Wait a minute, is this OK?”“Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape?”Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fire, researchers say.For one thing, conversations about wil dfires need to be more inclusive. Over the past d ecade, the focus has been on climate change－how the warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.Whil e climate is a key el ement, Moritz says, it shouldn’t come at the expense of the rest of the equation.“The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked, and the interactions go both ways," he says. Failing to recognize that, he notes, l eads to "an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be. Our perception of the probl em and of what the solution is becomes very limited.”At the same time, peopl e continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controll ed and unleashed only out of necessity, says Professor Bal ch at the University of Col orad o. But acknowl edging fire's inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws, policies, and practices that make it as safe as possible, she says.“We’ve disconnected ourselves from living with fire,” Bal ch says. “It is really important to und erstand and try and tease out what is the human connection with fire today.”36. More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in 2015 they_____.A．exhausted unprecedented management efforts B．consumed a record-high percentage of budget C．severely damaged the ecol ogy of western states D．caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditure37. Moritz calls for the use of "a magnifying glass" to _____.A．raise more funds for fire-prone areas B．avoid the redirection of fed eral moneyC．find wil dfire-free parts of the landscape D．guarantee safer spending of public funds38. While admitting that climate is a key element, Moritz notes that _____.A．public debates have not settled yet B．fire-fighting conditions are improvingC．other factors shoul d not be overl ooked D．a shift in the view of fire has taken place39. The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to _____.A．discover the fundamental makeup of nature B．explore the mechanism of the human systems C．maximize the role of landscape in human life D．understand the interrelations of man and nature40. Professor Balch points out that fire is something man should _____.A．do away with B．come to terms withC．pay a price for D．keep away fromPart BDirections：Read the foll owing text and match each of the numbered items in the l eft column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （10 points）The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain, particularly from Donald Trump. “We d on't make anything anymore,” he told Fox News, while d efending his own made-in-Mexico clothing line.Without question, manufacturing has taken a significant hit during recent decad es, and further trad e d eals raise questions about whether new shocks coul d hit manufacturing.But there is also a different way to look at the data.Across the country, factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge: instead of having too many workers, they may end up with too few. Despite trad e competition and outsourcing, American manufacturing still needs to replace tens of thousands of retiring boomers every years. Millennials may not be that interested in taking their place, other industries are recruiting them with similar or better pay.For factory owners, it all ad ds up to stiff competition for workers－and upward pressure on wages. “They’re harder to find and they have job offers,” says Jay Dunwell, president of Wolverine Coil Spring, a family-owned firm, “They may be coming [into the workforce], but they've been plucked by other industries that are also d oing an well as manufacturing,”Mr. Dunwell has begun bringing high school juniors to the factory so they can get exposed to its culture.At RoMan Manufacturing, a maker of electrical transformers and welding equipment that his father cofounded in 1980, Robert Roth keep a cl ose eye on the age of his nearly 200 workers, five are retiring this year. Mr. Roth has three community-college students enrolled in a work-placement program, with a starting wage of $13 an hour that rises to $17 after two years.At a worktable insid e the transformer plant, young Jason Stenquist looks flustered by the copper coils he's trying to assemble and the arrival of two visitors. It's his first week on the job. Asked about his choice of career, he says at high school he considered medical school before switching to electrical engineering. "I l ove working with tools. I l ove creating." he says.But to win over these young workers, manufacturers have to clear another major hurdl e: parents, who lived through the worst US economic d ownturn since the Great Depression, telling them to avoid the factory. Millennials "remember their father and mother both were laid off. They blame it on the manufacturing recession," says Birgit Klohs, chief executive of The Right Place, a business development agency for western Michigan.These concerns aren’t misplaced: Employment in manufacturing has fallen from 17 million in 1970 to 12 million in 2013. When the recovery began, worker shortages first appeared in the high-skill ed trades. Now shortages are appearingat the mid-skill levels.“The gap is between the jobs that take to skills and those that require a lot of skill," says Rob Spohr, a business professor at Montcalm Community Coll ege. "There're enough peopl e to fill the jobs at McDonalds and other places where you d on't need to have much skill. It's that gap in between, and that's where the probl em is.”Julie Parks of Grand Rapids Community points to another key to luring Mill ennials into manufacturing: a work/life balance. Whil e their parents were content to work l ong hours, young peopl e value fl exibility. “Overtime is not attractive to this generation. They really want to live their lives,” she says.Section III TranslationDirections:Read the foll owing text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)46. My DreamMy dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing. Two years before graduating from secondary school, I took a sewing and design course thinking that I would move on to a fashion designpersonalities in the future, so I decided that it was not the right path for me. Before applying for university I told everyone that I would study journalism, because writing was, and still is, one of my favourite activities. But, to be honest, I said it, because I thought that fashion and me together was just a dream - I knew that no one could imagine me in the fashion industry at all! So I decided to look for some fashion-related courses that included writing. This is when I noticed the course “Fashion Media & Promotion.”Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions:Suppose you are invited by Professor Williams to give a presentation about Chinese culture to a group of international students. Write a reply to1）Accept the invitation, and2）Introduce the key points of your presentation.You should write neatly on the ANWSER SHEET.Do not sign you own name at the end of the letter, use “Li Ming ” instead.Do not write the address .(10 points)48. Directions:Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)You should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15points)2017 年考研英语二真题答案解析Section I Use of English一、文章总体分析及结构这是一篇议论文，选自2016 年《大西洋月刊》，全文共352 词。
2017真题-英语二- (解析版)
2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is no different,with academics,writers,and activists once again_1_that technology be replacing human workers.Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by_2_.A few wealthy people will own all the capital,and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.A different and not mutually exclusive_3_holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort,one_4_by purposelessness:Without jobs to give their lives_5_,people will simply become lazy and depressed._6_,today's unemployed don't seem to be having a great time.One Gallup poll found that20percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for_7_Americans.Also,some research suggests that the_8_for rising rates of mortality,mental-health problems,and addicting_9_poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs.Perhaps this is why many__10_the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.But it doesn't__11__follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease.Such visions are based on the__12__of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment.In the__13__of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could__14__strikingly different circumstanced for the future of labor and leisure.Today,the__15__of work may be a bit overblown."Many jobs are boring,degrading,unhealthy,and a waste of human potential,"says John Danaher,a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days,because leisure time is relatively__16__for most workers,people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional__17__of their jobs."When I come home from a hard day's work,I often feel__18__,"Danaher says, adding,"In a world in which I don't have to work,I might feel rather different"—perhaps different enough to throw himself__19__a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for__20__matters.1.[A]boasting[B]denying[C]warning[D]ensuring动词词义辨析。
2017英语二参考答案
2017英语二参考答案2017年的英语二考试是全国硕士研究生入学考试的一部分，它涵盖了英语语言的各个方面，包括阅读理解、完形填空、翻译和写作。
以下是2017年英语二考试的参考答案，供考生参考。
阅读理解1. A节（多项选择题）- 第1题：C- 第2题：A- 第3题：B- 第4题：D- 第5题：C- 第6题：B- 第7题：D- 第8题：A- 第9题：C- 第10题：B2. B节（新题型）- 第11题：E- 第12题：F- 第13题：C- 第14题：G- 第15题：H完形填空- 第21题：D（influence）- 第22题：A（concerning）- 第23题：B（consequently）- 第24题：C（in）- 第25题：A（to）- 第26题：D（with）- 第27题：A（for）- 第28题：C（it）- 第29题：B（that）- 第30题：D（is）翻译- 第31题：The author suggests that the current trend of technological development may lead to a future where humans are no longer the dominant species on Earth.- 第32题：The study found that the majority of people are not aware of the potential risks associated with the widespread use of technology.- 第33题：According to the research, the increasing reliance on technology could result in humans losing their ability to think independently.- 第34题：The article argues that the rapid advancement of technology poses a significant threat to the long-term survival of the human race.- 第35题：It is implied in the passage that the overuse of technology could eventually lead to humans becoming more dependent on machines than ever before.写作小作文（应用文写作）- 题目要求写一封邀请信，邀请教授参加学术会议。
2017年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语二试题和答案【范本模板】
2017年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语二试题Directions：Read the following text。
Choose the best word(s）for each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work 。
Today is no different，with academics，writers, and activists once again 1 that technology be replacing human workers。
Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 。
A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one 4 by purposelessness：Without jobs to give their lives 5 ，people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6 ，today’s unemployed don’t see m to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for 7 Americans。
2017全国考研英语二真题和答案解析.doc
2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank andmark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work .Today is nodifferent, with academics, writers, and activists once again 1 that technology bereplacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will bedefined by 2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses willstruggle in an impoverished wasteland.A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland ofa different sort, one 4 by purposelessness: Without jobs to give their lives 5 ,people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6 , today’s unemployed don’t seemto be having a g reat time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans whohave been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the ratefor 7 Americans. Also, some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates ofmortality, mental-health problems, and addicting 9 poorly-educated middle-agedpeople is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizingdullness of a jobless future.But it doesn’t11 follow from findings like these that a world without work wouldbe filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in asociety built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work, a society designedwith other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstanced for the futureof labor and leisure. Today, the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobsDanaher,are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of human potential,” says John a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days, because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers, people use theirfree time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I18 ,” Danaher says, adding, “In a come home from a hard day’s work, I often feelperhaps differentworld in which I don’t have to work, I might feel rather different”—enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usuallyreserved for 20 matters.1．[A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring【答案】[C] warning2．[A] inequality [B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty 【答案】[A] inequality3．[A] policy [B]guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction【答案】[D] prediction4．[A] characterized [B]divided [C] balanced [D]measured【答案】[A] characterized5．[A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom【答案】[B] meaning6．[A] Instead [B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless 【答案】[B] Indeed7．[A] rich [B] urban [C]working [D] educated【答案】[C] working8．[A] explanation [B] requirement [C] compensation [D] substitute 【答案】[A] explanation9．[A] under [B] beyond [C] alongside [D] among【答案】[D] among10．[A] leave behind [B] make up [C] worry about [D] set aside 【答案】[C] worry about11．[A] statistically [B] occasionally [C] necessarily [D] economically【答案】[C] necessarily12．[A] chances [B] downsides [C] benefits [D] principles 【答案】[B] downsides13．[A] absence [B] height [C] face [D] course【答案】[A] absence14．[A] disturb [B] restore [C] exclude [D] yield【答案】[D] yield15．[A] model [B] practice [C] virtue [D] hardship【答案】[C] virtue16．[A] tricky [B] lengthy [C] mysterious [D] scarce 【答案】[D] scarce17．[A] demands [B] standards [C] qualities [D] threats【答案】[A] demands18．[A] ignored [B] tired [C] confused [D] starved【答案】[B] tired19．[A] off [B] against [C] behind [D] into【答案】[D] into20．[A] technological [B] professional [C] educational [D]interpersonal【答案】[B] professionalSectionII Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B,C or D. Mark your answers on the A NSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Every Sat urday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km aroundtheir local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and hasinspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousandsof volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times rangefrom Andrew Baddeley’s world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.Parkrun is succeeding where London’s Olympic “legacy” is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London.Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level anation of sport lovers away from their couches. The population would be fitter,healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults doingweekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run—up to 2012—but the generalpopulation was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an acceleratingrate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport aweek have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. Officialretrospections continue as to why Lon don 2012 failed to “inspire a generation.” The success of Parkrun offers answers.Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. The ethoswelcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clappedover the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast,wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dualaim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating fornewcomers.Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planningof such a fundamentally “grassroots”, concept as community sports associations. If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providingcommon goods—making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pavetennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities ingreen spaces,schools. But successive governments have presided over sellingsqueezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education.Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to providethe conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.21. According to Paragraph1, Parkrun has .[A] gained great popularity[B] created many jobs[C] strengthened community ties[D] become an official festival【答案】[A] gained great popularity.22. The author believes that London’s Olympic“legacy” has failed to[A] boost population growth[B] promote sport participation[C] improve the city’s image[D] increase sport hours in schools【答案】[B] promote sport participation23. Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it .[A] aims at discovering talents[B] focuses on mass competition[C] does not emphasize elitism[D] does not attract first-timers【答案】[C] does not emphasize elitism24. With regard to mass sport, the author holds that governments should .[A] organize “grassroots” sports events[B] supervise local sports associations[C] increase funds for sports clubs[D] invest in public sports facilities【答案】[D] invest in public sports facilities.25. The author’s attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is[A] tolerant[B] critical[C] uncertain[D] sympathetic【答案】[B] criticalText 2Wit h so much focus on children’s use of screens, it’s easy for parents to forget about their own screen use. “Tech is designed to really suck on you in,” says Jenny Ra in her study of digital play, “and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into thefamily routine. ”Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by givingmother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who sued devicesduring the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbalinteractions with their children. During a separate observation, she saw that phonesbec ame a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emailswhile the children would be making excited bids for their attention.orld, and if thoseInfants are wired to look at parents’ faces to try to understand their wfaces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device—itcan be extremely disconcerting foe the children. Radesky cites the “still face experiment” devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. Init, amother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blankexpression and not giving them any visual social feedback; The child becomesincreasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention. “Parent have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parentsneed to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,” says Radesky.On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned th a t the worries about kids’ use ofscreens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents shouldalways be interacting” with their children: “It’s based on a somewhat fantasized, v white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if y ou’re failing to expose yourbec ause achild to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.” Tronick believes that justparticularly ifchild isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it—it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break fromtheir child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friendor get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which lets then bemore available to their child the rest of the time.26.According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to ______.[A] simplify routine matters[B] absorb user attention[C] better interpersonal relations[D] increase work efficiency【答案】[B] absorb user attention-testing exercise shows that mothers’ use of devices ______.27.Radesky’s food[A] takes away babies’ appetite[B] distracts children’s attentiondevelopment[C] slows down babies’ verbal[D] reduces mother-child communication【答案】[D] reduces mother-child communication28.Radesky’s cites the “still face experiment” to show that _______.[A] it is easy for children to get used to blank expressions[B] verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchange[C] children are insensitive to changes in their parents’ mood[D] parents need to respond to children’s emotional needs【答案】[D] parents need to respond to children’s emotional needs29. The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_______.[A] protect kids from exposure to wild fantasies[B] teach their kids at least 30,000 words a year[C] ensure constant interaction with their children[D] remain concerned about kid’s use of screens【答案】[C] ensure constant interaction with their children30. According to Tronick, kid’s use of screens may_______.[A] give their parents some free time[B] make their parents more creative[C] help them with their homework[D] help them become more attentive【答案】[A] give their parents some free timeText 3Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction withincreasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students tocompletely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year. After all, if everyone youknow is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn’after going to school for 12 ye ars, it doesn’t feel natural to spend a year doingsomething that isn’t academic.But while this may be true, it’s not a good enough reason to condemn gap years.There’s always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the sociallyperpetuated “race to the finish line,” whether that be toward graduate school, medical school or lucrative career. But despite common misconceptions, a gap year does nothinder the success of academic pursuits—in fact, it probably enhances it.Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap yearare generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not.Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing themfor independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes—all things thatfirst-year students often struggle with the most. Gap year experiences can lessen theblow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand newenvironment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather thanacclimation blunders.If you’re not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests,then consider its financial impact on future academic choices. According to theNational Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end upchanging their majors at least once. This isn’t surprising, considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding ofthemselves listing one major on their college applications, but switching to anotherafter taking college classes. It’s not necessarily a bad thing, but depending on the school, it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game. AtBoston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you toswitch to the nursing school from another department. Taking a gap year to figurethings out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on..31. One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that[A] they think it academically misleading[B] they have a lot of fun to expect in college[C] it feels strange to do differently from others[D] it seems worthless to take off-campus courses【答案】[C] it feels strange to do differently from others32. Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps .[A] keep students from being unrealistic[B] lower risks in choosing careers[C] ease freshmen’s financial burdens[D] relieve freshmen of pressures【答案】[D] relieve freshmen of pressures.33. The word “acclimation” (Line 8, Para. 3) is closest in meaning to[A] adaptation[B] application[C] motivation[D] competition【答案】[A] adaptation34. A gap year may save money for students by helping them .[A] avoid academic failures[B] establish long-term goals[C] switch to another college[D] decide on the right major【答案】[D] decide on the right major35. The most suitable title for this text would be .[A] In Favor of the Gap Year[B] The ABCs of the Gap Year[C] The Gap Year Comes Back[D] The Gap Year: A Dilemma【答案】[A] In Favor of the Gap YearText 4Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency ofwildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars, saysProfessor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and management.In 2015, the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5billion annual budget fighting fires—nearly double the percentage it spent on suchefforts 20 years ago. In effect, fewer federal funds today are going towards thesuch as forest conservation, watershed and cultural resourcesagency’s other work—management, and infrastructure upkeep—that affect the lives of all Americans.Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are goinginto construction in fire-prone districts. As Moritz puts it, how often are federaldollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?“It’s already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the wholea minute,country,” he says.” We need to take a magnifying glass to that. Like, “Wait is this OK?”“Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate onlower-hazard parts of the landscape?”Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today viewsfire, researchers say.For one thing, conver sat ions about wildfires need to be more inclusive. Over the pastdecade, the focus has been on climate change—how the warming of the Earth fromgreenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.While climate is a key element, Moritz says, it shouldn’t come at the expense of the rest of the equation.the landscapes we live on are linked, and the interactions go“The human systems andboth ways,” he says. Failing to recognize that, he notes, leads to “an overly sim view of what the solutions might be. Our perception of the problem and of what thesolution is becomes very limited.”At the same time, people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be whollycontrolled and unleashed only out of necessity, says Professor Balch at the Universityof Colorado. But acknowledging fire’s inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws, policies, and practices that make it as safe as possible,she says.“We’ve disconnected ourselves from living with fire,” Balch says. “It is really important to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with firetoday.”36. More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in 2015they .[A] exhausted unprecedented management efforts[B] consumed a record-high percentage of budget[C] severely damaged the ecology of western states[D] caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditure【答案】[B] consumed a record-high percentage of budget.37. Moritz calls for the use of “a magnifying glass” to[A] raise more funds for fire-prone areas[B] avoid the redirection of federal money[C] find wildfire-free parts of the landscape[D] guarantee safer spending of public funds【答案】[D] guarantee safer spending of public funds38. While admitting that climate is a key element, Moritz notes that .[A] public debates have not settled yet[B] fire-fighting conditions are improving[C] other factors should not be overlooked[D] a shift in the view of fire has taken place【答案】[C] other factors should not be overlooked39. The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to .[A] discover the fundamental makeup of nature[B] explore the mechanism of the human systems[C] maximize the role of landscape in human life[D] understand the interrelations of man and nature【答案】[D] understand the interrelations of man and nature40. Professor Balch points out that fire is something man should .[A] do away with[B] come to terms with[C] pay a price for[D] keep away from【答案】[B] come to terms withPart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain, particularly fromDonald Trump. “We don’t make anything anymore,” he told Fox News, whiledefending his own made-in-Mexico clothing line.Without question, manufacturing has taken a significant hit during recent decades,and further trade deals raise questions about whether new shocks could hitmanufacturing.But there is also a different way to look at the data.Across the country, factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge: insteadof having too many workers, they may end up with too few. Despite trade competitionand outsourcing, American manufacturing still needs to replace tens of thousands ofretiring boomers every years. Millennials may not be that interested in taking theirplace, other industries are recruiting them with similar or better pay.For factory owners, it all adds up to stiff competition for workers—and upwardsays Jaypressure on wages. “They’re harder to find and they have job offers,”Dunwell, president of Wolverine Coil Spring, a family-owned firm, “They may becoming [into the workforce], but they’ve been plucked by other industries that arealso doing an well as manufacturing,” Mr. Dunwell has begun bringing high schooljuniors to the factory so they can get exposed to its culture.At RoMan Manufacturing, a maker of electrical transformers and welding equipmentthat his father cofounded in 1980, Robert Roth keep a close eye on the age of hisnearly 200 workers, five are retiring this year. Mr. Roth has three community-collegestudents enrolled in a work-placement program, with a starting wage of $13 an hourthat rises to $17 after two years.At a worktable inside the transformer plant, young Jason Stenquist looks flustered bythe copper coils he’s trying to assemble and the arrival of two visitors. It’s week on the job. Asked about his choice of career, he says at high school heconsidered medical school before switching to electrical engineering. “I love work wit h tools. I love creating.” he says.But to win over these young workers, manufacturers have to clear another majorhurdle: parents, who lived through the worst US economic downturn since the GreatDepression, telling them to avoid the factory. Millennials “remember their father an mother both were laid off. They blame it on the m anufacturing recession,” says BirgitKlohs, chief executive of The Right Place, a business development agency for westernMichigan.These concerns aren’t misplaced: Employment in manufacturing has fallen from 17million in 1970 to 12 million in 2013. When the recovery began, worker shortagesfirst appeared in the high-skilled trades. Now shortages are appearing at the mid-skilllevels.“The gap is between the jobs that take to skills and those that require a lot of skill,says Rob Spohr, a business profes sor at Montcalm Community College. “There’reenough people to fill the jobs at McDonalds and other places where you don’t nee have much skill. It’s that gap in between, and that’s where the problem is. ”Julie Parks of Grand Rapids Community points to another key to luring Millennialsinto manufacturing: a work/life balance. While their parents were content to worklong hours, young people value flexibility. “Overtime is not attractive to this generation. They really want to live their lives,” she says.[A] says that he switched to electrical engineering because he lovesworking with tools.41. Jay Deuwell [B] points out that there are eno ugh people to fill the jobs that don’t need much skill.42. JasonStenquist[C] points out that the US doesn’t manufacture anything anymore.43. Birgit Klohs [D] believes that it is important to keep a close eye on the age of his workers.44. Rob Spohr [E] says that for factory owners, workers are harder to find because of stiff competition.45.Julie Parks [F] points out that a work/life balance can attract young people into manufacturing.[G] says that the manufacturing recession is to blame for the lay-off the young people’s parents.【答案】41 [E] says that for factory owners, workers are harder to find because of stiff competition.42 [A] says that he switched to electrical engineering because he loves working with tools.43 [G] says that the manufacturing recession is to blame for the lay-off the young people’s parents.44 [B] points out that there are enough people to fill t he jobs that don’t need much skill45 [F] points out that a work/life balance can attract young people into manufacturingSection III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)My dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing. Two years before graduating from secondary school, I took a sewing and design course thinking that I would move on to a fashion design course. However, during that course I realized I was not good enough in this area to compete with other creative personalities in the future, so I decided that it was not the right path for me. Before applying for university I told everyone that I would study journalism, because writing was, and still is, one of my favourite activities. But, to be honest, I said it ,—I knew that no one because I thought that fashion and me together was just a dreamcould imagine me in the fashion industry at all! So I decided to look for somefashion-related courses that included writing. This is when I noticed the course “Fashion Media & Promotion.”【参考译文】我一直梦想着能找到一个结合时尚与出版的工作。
2017年研究生英语学位课统考真题及答案
2017年研究生英语学位课统考真题：Part II. Vocabulary ( 10 minutes, 10 points)Section A (0.5 point each)21. The focus on profitability pushes the systems unreasonably large, rendering them more vulnerable to terrorist attacks.A declaringB verifyingC makingD indicating22. The 8.5-ton Shenzhou III spaceship has been substantially improved in terms of the life-support systems.A technologicallyB considerablyC structurallyD internally23. According to the American judicial system twelve people constitute a jury.A composeB overthrowC disposeD surpass24. With so many trivial matters to attend to, he can hardly get down to reading for the test.A participate inB cater toC indulge inD see to25. The decently dressed son and the humble-looking father formed a striking contrast.A astonishingB humiliatingC noticeableD fleeting.26. Nowadays the prevention against SARS has assumed new significance and attracted much attention.A carried onB taken onC worked onD embarked on27. At the economic forum, each speech by a distinguished guest has to be translated simultaneously.A once in a whileB at the same timeC in a broad senseD as soon as possible.28. Studies of the role of positive thinking in our daily lives have yielded interesting results.A specific=definiteB activeC creativeD confident.29. This training course is intended to improve the competence of English of the staff.A proficiencyB graspC efficiencyD competition30. Students are supposed to set aside enough time for recreations and sports.A set apartB leave outC go aboutD put upSection B (0.5 point each)31. Some of the old customs has continued ____ politeness although they are no longer thoughtabout now.A in the way ofB in the eyes ofC in the face ofD in the form of32. One of the chief functions of slang words is to consolidate one’s ___ with a group.A identificationB specificationC introductionD superstition33. Given the other constitutional grounds elaborated by the justices, the association ____ thatschools should continue to test, if they so choose.A preserveB safeguards B maintains D conserves34. Finding out information about these universities has become amazingly easy for any one withthe Internet ____A entranceB admissionC accessD involvement35. Lack of exercise as well as unhealthy dietary habits can increase the risk of ____A mobilityB moralityC maturityD mortality36. On this bridge many suicide attempts are ____; lives can be saved.A impulsiveB responsiveC destructiveD speculative37. Abraham Lincoln was born on a small farm where the forests were ____ by wild animals.A residedB inhabitedC segregatedD exhibited38. Some teenagers a re so crazy about video games as to play them many hours________, if possible.A on purposeB on hand .C on creditD on end39. Authorities of wildlife have spent millions of dollars on the protection of nature ____A reservesB preservativesC conservativesD reservations.-daughter, her ____ parents having died in an accident.40. The young lady is Mr. Smith’s stepA ecologicalB psychologicalC physiologicalD biologicalPart III. Cloze Test (10 minutes, 1 point each)No one knows for sure whether the type of tea (you drink) makes a difference in health, but experts say all kinds of teas probably have some health 41 . Each contains high levels of antioxidants (抗氧化剂), 42 affect the process by which oxygen interacts with a substance t o change its chemical 43 . But, the way (tea is processed) can change antioxidant levels 44color and taste.Green tea is made by picking the leaves and quickly heating them to stop oxidization. Green tea typically has a 45 , fresh taste. Black tea is processed t o fully oxidize and ferment (发酵) the leaves and create a stronger taste. Some experts suggest that this 46 some variation in health effects between black and green teas. The more rare white tea is considered the finest of teas because it 47 the youngest buds from the plants, which are still covered with whitish hairs when they’re picked. White and green teas have 48 amount of caffeine. But even black tea containonly about half as much caffeine as coffee.Herbal teas are something 49 different. They are made from the leaves, flowers or roots of various plants. Herbal teas can vary widely 50 their health effects.41. A advantages B benefits C merits D profits42. A where it B that C which D when it43. A elements B ingredients C fragment D composition44. A as well as B as it is C as far as D as it were45. A faint B mild C tender D gentle46. A joins in B hands in C results in D gives in47. A composes of B makes out C makes up D consists of48. A less B the least C more D the most49. A entirely B inevitably C enormously D irresistibly50. A in case of B in proportion to C in exchange for D in terms ofPart IV Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 pint each)Passage OneSingletons, referring to those who live alone, are being comforted by well-meaning friends andfamily and told that not having a partner is not the end of the world. So, it would seem that they can say, yes, it is not. But no, in fact, it is the end.A gloomy study has just been released that says that the international trend towards living aloneis putting an unprecedented strain on our ecosystem.For a number of reasons---- relationship breakdown, career choice, longer life spans, smaller families---- the number of individual households is growing. And this is putting intolerable pressure on natural resources, and accelerating the extinction of endangered plant and animal species. And there is worse news. Running a refrigerator, television, cooker, plumbing system justfor selfish little you is a disastrous waste of resources on our over-populated planet. “The efficiency is a lot higher in households of two people or more, simply because theyof resource consumption”share everything. Well imagine that . Just when you thought living alone was OK, you would findthat all the time you were the enemy of mankind. Every time you put the kettle on the stove for acup of coffee you were destroying Mother Earth. Indeed, it is not just your mother who is a bitworried by your continuing single status ---- you are letting down the entire human race by nothaving a boyfriend or girlfriend. The trouble is that society has a group instinct and people panicand hit out when they see other people quietly rebelling and straying away from the “family and coupledom.The suggestion is that singledom should be at best a temporary state. Unless you are assimilatedinto a larger unit, you can never be fully functional.Try “communal living.” There are all these illustrations of young attractive people having aFriends.“green time,” laughingly bumping into each other. It looks like an episode of the TV seriesAnd the message is clear: Togetherness is good, solitude is bad, and being single on your own isnot allowed.51. Well-meaning friends and family members often tell those who live alone that _____A they should end their singledom as soon as possible.B they should live together with other singletons.C singledom is an acceptable life-style.D singledom can shorten one’slife-span.52. Which of the following may NOT be the reason for the increasing number of households as mentioned in the passage?A Many people get divorced because of unhappy marriage.B Now people can afford to support a household individually.C Some people have to sacrifice family life for their careers.D Many people live much longerthan before.53. The author thinks living alone is disastrous mainly because singledom is _________A harmful to people’s life.B destructive to our ecosystem.C dangerous to plants and animals.D unworkable in our society54. It is implied in the passage that singletons are usually _______A self-reliantB self-consciousC self-sufficientD self-centered55. When seeing others living alone, some people panic because they think singledom is ____A abnormalB diversifiedC unimaginableD disgusting56. The author suggests that singletons should ___________A find boy friends or girl friends.B live with their parents and other family members.C live together and share more with their friends.D watch more episodes of the TV seriesFriends.Passage TwoIn 1999 when MiShel and Carl Meissner decided to have children, they tackled the next bigissue; Should they try to have a girl? It was no small matter. MiShel’s brother had beco from a hereditary condition in his early 20s, and the Meissners had learned that the condition is adisorder passed f rom mothers to sons. If they had a boy, he would have a 50 percent chance ofhaving the condition. A girl would be unaffected. The British couple’s inquiries about sex selectionled them to Virginia, U.S., where a new sperm-separation technique, called MicroSort, was experimental at the time. When MiShel became pregnant she gave birth to a daughter. Now theywill try to have a second daughter using the same technique.The techniques separates sperm into two groups--- those that carry the X-chromosome (染色体) producing a female baby and those that carry the Y-chromosome producing a male baby.The technology was developed in 1990s, but the opening of laboratory in January 2003 inCalifornia marked the company’s first expansion. “We believe the number ofpeople who want this technology is greater than those who have access to it.” Said Keith L. Blauer, the companydirector.This is not only a seemingly effective way to select a child’s gender.It also brings a host of ethical and practical considerations ----especially for the majority of families who use the techniquefor nonmedical reasons.The clinic offers sex selection for two purposes: to help couples avoid passing on a sex-linked genetic disease and to allow those who already have a c hild to “balance” their family by having a baby of the opposite sex.Blaucer said the company has had an impressive success r ate: 91 percent of the women who become pregnant after sorting for a girl are successful, while 76 percent who sort for a boy and get pregnant are successful.The technique separates s perm based on the fact that the X chromosome is larger than the Y chromosome. A machine is used to distinguished the size differences and sort the sperm accordingly.57. Why did MiShel and Carl decide not to have a boy?A Because t hey might give birth to a blind baby.B Because Carl might pass his family’s disease to his son.C Because the boy might become blind when he grows up.D Because they wanted a daughter to balance their family.58. When MiShel gave birth to her first girl, the new sperm-separation technique ____A had already been well-developed.B had not been declared successful.C was available to those who wanted it.D had been widely accepted in the medical world.primary concern regarding the application of the new59. Which of the following is the author’stechnology?A The expansion of the new technology may not bring profits to the companies.B Most people who use the technology will not have a baby as they want.C The effect of the new technology still needs to be carefully examined.D Increasing use of the technology may disturb the sex balance in the population60. According to Mr. Blauer, by using the new technology, ______A 91% of the women successfully give birth to girls.B 76% of the women get pregnantwith boys.C it is more successful for those who want to have girls.D it is more successful for those who wantto have boys.61. The sperm-separation technique is based on the fact that the chromosomes responsible for babies’ sex_____A are of different shapesB are of different sizesC can be identifiedD can be reproduced62. We can infer from this passage that the new technology_________A may not guarantee people a daughter or a son as they desire.B is used by most families for nonmedical reasons.C has brought an insoluble ethical dilemmafor mankind.D will lead to a larger proportional of females in the population.Passage ThreeWithout question there are plenty of bargains to be had at sales time ----particularly at thetop-quality shops whose reputation depends on having only the best and newest goods in stock each season. They tend, for obvious reasons, to be the fashion or seasonal goods which in due course become the biggest bargains.It is true that some goods are specially brought in for the sales but these too can provide exceptional value. A manufacturer may have the end of a range left in his hands and be glad to sellthe lot off cheaply to shops; or he may have a surplus of a certain material which he is glad to makeup and get rid of cheaply; or he may be prepared to produce a special line at low cost merely tokeep his employees busy during slack period. He is likely t o have a good many “seconds” available and if their defects are trifling these may be particularly good bargains.Nevertheless, sales do offer a special opportunity for sharp practices and shoppers need to beuld be clearly marked as such and not sold as if theyextra critical. For example the “second” showere perfect. The term “substandard,” incidentally, usually indicates a more serious defect thanMore serious is the habit of marking the price down from an alleged previous price “seconds.” which is in fact fictitious. Mis-description of this and all other kinds is much practiced by the menwho run one-day sales of carpets in church halls and the like. As the sellers leave the district the dayafter the sale there is little possibility of redress. In advertising sales, shops may say “only 100 left-price” when only awhen in fact they have plenty more; conversely they may say “10,000 at halfwerefew are available at such a drastic reduction. If ever the warning “let the buyer beware” necessary it is during sales.63. Which kind of goods can be among the best bargains?A Cheapest goodsB Newest goodsC Seasonal goodsD Goods in stock64. The second paragraph deals with all of the following types of goods EXCEPT ____A surplus goodsB low-cost goodsC the end lot goodsD exceptionally valued goods65. In order to maintain his business during a bad time, a manufacturer may ____A have his goods produced at low cost.B sell his goods at a very low price.C have his employees sell his goods.D try to produce high quality goods.66. The passage suggests that “seconds”____________A are of better quality than “substandard goods”B attract buyers as particularly good bargains.C are defective but marked as perfect.D are goods with serious defects67. The word “redress” ( the underlined word in the last paragraph) probably means ____A dressing againB change of addressC compensation for something wrong.D selling the same product at different prices.68. During sales shoppers should ____A find the best bargains at every opportunity.B beware of being cheated.C buy things that are necessary.D pay more attention to the price.Passage FourHow many of today’s ailment, or even illnesses, are purely psychological? And how far can thesebe alleviated by the use of drugs? For example a psychiatrist concerned mainly with the emotionalproblems of old people might improve their state of mind somewhat b y the use of anti-depressantsbut he would not remove the root cause of their depression ----- the feeling of being useless, oftenunwanted and handicapped by failing physical powers.One of the most important controversies in medicine today is how far doctors, and particularlypsychologists, should depend on the use of drugs for “curing” their patients. It is not merel drugs may have been insufficiently tested and may reveal harmful side effects as happened in thecase of anti-sickness pills prescribed for expectant mothers but the uneasiness o f doctor who feelthat they are treating the symptoms of a disease without removing the disease itself. On the otherhand, some psychiatrists argue that in many cases such as chronic depressive illness it is impossibleto get at the root of the illness while the patient is in a depressed state. Even prolonged psychiatriccare may have no noticeable effect whereas some people can be lifted out of a depression by the useof drugs within a matter of weeks. These doctors feel not only that they have no right to withholdsuch treatment, but that the root cause of depression can be tackled better when the patient himselffeels better. This controversy is concerned, however, with the serious psychological illnesses. Itdoes not solve the problem of those whose headaches, i ndigestion, backache, etc. are due tophysical cause and as a matter “nerves”. Commonly a busy family doctor will ascribe them to someof routine prescribe a drug. Once again the symptoms are being cured rather than the disease itself.It may be true to say, as one doctor suggested recently, that over half of the cases that come to the attention are not purely physical ailments. If this is so, the situation is seriousordinary doctor’sindeed.69. The author thinks that drugs used for treating psychological ills ______A could be ineffective in some cases.B usually have harmful side effects.C can greatly alleviate the illnesses.D can remove the root causes.70. The controversy mentioned in the passage focuses on ___A whether psychologists should use drugs to cure their patients.B how psychologists should treat their patients.C the fact that all of the drugs have harmfulside effects.D the extent to which drugs should be used to fight psychological illness.71. The passage indicates that psychologists _____A find it impossible to remove a psychological diseaseB feel dissatisfied at treating theirpatients with drugs.C believe that the root cause of a disease can be ignored.D can do nothing if the patient is in adepressed state .72. When treating patients with psychological problems, some doctors feel that they ____A are at a loss for treatment.B have no right to use drugs.C have to cure their patients by any means.D should use drugs to treat the symptoms.73. A family doctor would normally consider a headache or backache as a result of ____A a more serious diseaseB some emotional problem.C a physical disorderD prolonged work74. Regarding the situation of psychological problems the author feels ____A concernedB hopelessC surprisedD disappointedPassage FiveThose who make the rules for financial institution probably should take a modified oath. Theirpledge would be: First, do no harm. Second, if the reforms put before me) are unclear, don’t approve them.Charles Morris may not have intended his new book Money, Greed, and Risk to cast such a dimlight on the regulators, but it does. In fact, it may serve as a wake-up call for true believers in ourcurrent regulatory structure, most of which was erected in the 1930s and most of which Morrisseems to favor, despite the stupid results it has caused.Morris, a former Chase Manhattan banking executive, outlines in great detail, again and again,how regulators, lawmakers, firms and many of the customers marched straight into mortgage, currency, thrift (互相储蓄) and other investment disasters. His discussion of Regulation Q, anattempt by Congress in the 1960s to rescue ailing savings and loans by regulating interest rates,reveals not only Congressional economic illiteracy, but also the deep harm such foolish thinking cando to the real economy.After some 260 pages listing the foolish things of Wall Street, regulators and lawmakers, Morrisdraws some pessimistic conclusions: “One constant in all the crises is that the regulatory responses come only after a crisis hits its peak.” For example, it “took the S&L crisis of the 1980s to b honest accounting to thrifts, and it wasn’t until the banking sector suffered huge losses in real e and foreign loans that regulators began to enforce strict capital standards.”So, what is the point of regulation? Morris, who is excellent at recounting tales of regulation gone。