北京林业大学考博英语阅读真题解析
考博英语(阅读理解)历年真题试卷汇编7(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（阅读理解）历年真题试卷汇编7(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 3. Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionWe have known for a long time that the organization of any particular society is influenced by the definition of the sexes and the distinction drawn between them. But we have realized only recently that the identity of each sex is not so easy to pin down, and that definitions evolve in accordance with different types of culture known to us, that is, scientific discoveries and ideological revolutions. Our nature is not considered as immutable, either socially or biologically. As we approach the beginning of the 21st century, the substantial progress made in biology and genetics is radically challenging the roles, responsibilities and specific characteristics attributed to each sex, and yet, scarcely twenty years ago, these were thought to be “ beyond dispute”. We can safely say, with a few minor exceptions, that the definition of the sexes and their respective functions remained unchanged in the West from the beginning of the 19th century to the 1960s. The role distinction, raised in some cases to the status of uncompromising dualism on a strongly hierarchical model, lasted throughout this period, appealing for its justification to nature, religion and customs alleged to have existed since the dawn of time. The woman bore children and took care of the home. The man set out to conquer the world and was responsible for the survival of his family, by satisfying their needs in peacetime and going to war when necessary. The entire world order rested on the divergence of the sexes. Any overlapping or confusion between the roles was seen as a threat to the time-honored order of things. It was felt to be against nature, a deviation from the norm. Sex roles were determined according to the “place” appropriate to each. Women’s place was, first and foremost, in the home. The outside world, i.e. workshops, factories and business firms, belonged to men. This sex-based division of the world(private and public)gave rise to a strict dichotomy between the attitudes, which conferred on each is special identity. The woman, sequestered at home, “cared, nurtured and conserved. “ To do this, she had no need to be daring, ambitious, tough or competitive. The man, on the other hand, competing with his fellow men, was caught up every day in the struggle for survival, and hence developed those characteristics which were thought natural in a man. Today, many women go out to work, and their reasons for doing so have changed considerably. Besides the traditional financial incentives, we find ambition and personal fulfillment motivating those in the most favorable circumstances, and the wish to have a social life and to get out of their domestic isolation influencing others. Above all, for all women, work is invariably connected with the desire for independence.1．It is only in recent years that we have recognized that______.A．there is almost no clue to the identity of both sexesB．the role distinction between different sexes is conspicuousC．the different definitions of sexes bears on the development of cultureD．the progress of civilization greatly influences the role definitions of sexes正确答案：D解析：细节题。
北京林业大学博士生入学考试
北京林业大学博士生入学考试英语考试大纲一、总述北京林业大学博士生入学考试，由教育部批准并授权组织进行。
凡具备教育部规定的申请博士学位的人员均可报名参加。
考生报考的专业不同，但均参加统一的博士生英语入学考试。
北京林业大学博士生入学英语考试时间为180分钟，试题总分为100分，设有听力、词汇、阅读、概括、翻译、写作六种题型。
听力考试完毕，连续进行笔试部分，不分时间段。
考题以一般社交内容、综合人文知识、科普常识和社会热点问题为语言素材，重在考查考生用语言进行社交和各项科研活动的能力。
考前在网上公布题型、题量、分数分布、考试时间，以及应试技巧说明。
同时向考生提供《北京林业大学博士生入学考试模拟英语试题集》，有十套样题，帮助参加入学考试的人员熟悉考试形式、了解考试难度，并对语言素材的范围也有一定感性认识。
试题集12月下旬可向主楼213购买。
二.题型及比重分布北京林业大学博士生入学英语考试共分为六部分，详述如下：1．听力：20分共20题，每题1分。
分为三个部分。
第一部分9分，9段简短对话。
每段对话之后，提出一个问题（录音形式），考生从试卷上给出的A、B、C、D四个答案中选择一个正确答案。
第二部分为6分，两段200-300字的讲话或长对话。
每段讲话或长对话后有三个问题（录音形式）。
考生从试卷上给出的A、B、C、D四个答案中选择一个正确答案。
第三部分为5分。
一段200-300字的讲话或长对话，后面有5个问题（录音形式）。
考生在卷面上做1-5个字的简要回答。
2．词汇：10分共20题，每题0.5分。
每题为一个句子，其中一个词为空白，考生从给出的A、B、C、D四个词语中选择一个正确的词。
3．阅读：30分共15题，每题2分。
阅读3篇300-350字的短文，每篇短文后有5个问题，考生从每个问题后面给出的A、B、C、D四个选择中挑选一个正确答案。
4．摘要：10分将1篇300词左右的英语短文改写成70－100词的英文摘要。
5．英译汉：10分将1篇200字的英语短文译成汉语。
考博英语(阅读理解)练习试卷1(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（阅读理解）练习试卷1(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionThe bear is a classic and enduring American symbol for the benevolent wild. We tend to think well of bears, viewing them as large, powerful, stubborn creatures capable of mischief but somehow vaguely humorous and, like defensive tackles, essentially good-hearted. However, when it comes to direct dealings with bears, our behavior has not been especially benign. For better than three centuries we have been hunting them, trapping them, setting dogs on them, clearing and leveling their natural habitat. With the notable exception of grizzlies, bears have held up under this harassment better than many less conspicuous, more mobile creatures. Although there are fewer bears in the US than there were when Europeans first came to the continent, they still remain reasonably numerous. Bears now exist in population pockets scattered throughout most of their former range, which was just about all of the wooded parts of the country. Bears have suffered from what is called civilization, but they are outstanding exceptions to the generally held (but only sometimes true) notion that people and wild beasts are incompatible. Take the most abundant US species, the black bear for example. There is little evidence that black bears shy away from civilized areas or that, like good Sierra Clubbers, they find them psychologically, morally and esthetically repugnant. To the contrary, given any encouragement or even tolerance, black bears tend to make a beeline for settlements and prosper there until they are scragged or shooed away by frightened residents. Where this scragging and shooing process has been suspended, as in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, black bears have lumbered in from all over the woods to live cheek by jowl, snout by Winnebago, with people. (279 words)1．What trend has occurred in the bear population since Europeans first came toAmerica?A．The population has become smaller.B．The population has become larger.C．There are fewer species than ever before.D．They have died out.正确答案：A解析：第二段第二句开头“fewer bears”，所以答案足A“熊的数量变少了”。
北京林业大学2015年考博英语阅读理解精读方法
北京林业大学2015年考博英语阅读理解精读方法很多同学都听说过一种提高考博英语阅读能力行之有效的方法——精读，但却苦于只知道这两个字，不知道精读是读什么、怎么读。
下面文都考博辅导老师就以今年新出炉的2014考博英语真题翻译部分第一段为例来为大家介绍我们精读的内容和方法。
①Most people would define optimism as being endlessly happy,with a glass that’s perpetually half full.②But that’s exactly the kind of false cheerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn’t recommend.③“Healthy optimism means being in touch with reality,”says Tal Ben-Shahar,a Harvard professor.④According to Ben-Shahar,realistic optimists are those who make the best of things that happen,but not those who believe everything happens for the best.精读的内容：以句子为单位，把句式、句中表达和每个词或词组都要弄得清清楚楚、明明白白，最好把相关词或词组的用法也都弄清楚。
精读的方法：以具体句子为例，为大家进行讲解。
第①句：先看句子整体结构，句子整体由define…as…(把…定义为…)这个表达支撑起来,with 引导的是一个补充修饰成分，修饰“being endlessly happy”,表示“怀着、带着……”。
词汇：“optimism(about/for)”n.乐观主义，词根optim(最好)+ism---反义：pessimism(about/over)悲观主义相关单词：同根词optimize vt.使完善、使最优化、充分利用optimist(n.乐观的人、乐天派)---反义：pessimist悲观的人optimistic(adj.~about/that...)乐观的---反义：pessimistic悲观的optimistically adv.乐观地----反义：pessimistically悲观地“perpetually”永久地、接连不断地，是“perpetual(长久的、终身的、没完没了的)的副词形式。
考博英语(阅读理解)练习试卷24(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（阅读理解）练习试卷24(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionRoger Rosenblatt’s book Black Fiction, in attempting to apply literary rather than sociopolitical criteria to its subject, successfully alters the approach taken by most previous studies. As Rosenblatt notes, criticism of Black writing has often served as a pretext for expounding on Black history. Addison Gayle’s recent work, for example, judges the value of Black fiction by overtly political standards, rating each work according to the notions of Black identity which it propounds. Although fiction assuredly springs from political circumstances, its authors react to those circumstances in ways other than ideological, and talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments of ideology circumvents much of the fictional enterprise. Rosenblatt’s literary analysis discloses affinities and connections among works of Black fiction which solely political studies have overlooked or ignored. Writing acceptable criticism of Black fiction, however, presupposes giving satisfactory answers to a number of questions. First of all, is there a sufficient reason other than the racial identity of the author? Second, how does Black fiction make itself distinct from other modern fiction with which it is largely contemporaneous? Rosenblatt shows that Black fiction constitutes a distinct body of writing that has an identifiable, coherent literary tradition. Looking at novels written by Blacks over the last eight years, he discovers recurring concerns and designs independent of chronology. These structures are thematic, and they spring, not surprisingly, from the central fact that the Black characters in these novels exist in a predominantly white culture, whether they try to conform to that culture or rebel against it. Black Fiction does leave some aesthetic questions open, Rosenblatt s thematic analyses permits considerable objectivity; he even explicitly states that it is not his intention to judge the merit of the various works yet his reluctance seems misplaced, especially since an attempt to appraise might have led to interesting results. For instance, some of the novels appear to be structurally diffuse. Is this a defect, or are the authors working out of, or trying to forge, a different kind of aesthetic? In addition, the style of some Black novels, like Jean Toomer’s Cane, verges on expressionism or surrealism; does this technique provide a counterpoint to the prevalent theme that portrays the late against which black heroes are pitted, a theme usually conveyed by more naturalistic modes of expression? In spite of such omissions, what Rosenblatt does include in his discussion makes for an astute and worthwhile study. Black Fiction surveys a wide variety of novels, bringing to our attention in the process some fascinating and little-known works like James Weldon Johnson’s Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man. Its argument is tightly constructed, and is forthright, lucid style exemplifies levelheaded and penetrating criticism. (444 words)1．The author of the passage objects to the Black fiction made by Addison Gayle because itA．emphasizes purely literary aspects of such fictionB．misinterprets the ideological content of such fictionC．overlooks the notions of Black identity contained in such fictionD．substitutes sociopolitical criteria for literary criteria in evaluating such fiction正确答案：D解析：文章第一段已清楚地表明，Addison Gayle最近出的书用的是社会政治标准来评价黑人小说，是不对的。
考博英语(阅读理解)练习试卷11(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（阅读理解）练习试卷11(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionTen thousand years ago, man entered the New Stone Age and the earth became warmer. This allowed man to leave the mountain areas for the plains. To adapt to the new environment, humans chose to settle areas near water. They began to build their own houses and invented pottery. Also in this period, primitive agriculture appeared, making it possible for people to live in permanent settlements. The spreading of such techniques as grinding and hole-drilling enabled humans to make more regular and fixed stone tools so as to meet different needs. Research by Chinese archaeologists has found that remains of the New Stone Age mostly lie along the coastal areas of Eastern China. As far as food structure is concerned, the people in the south grew rice while the northern people grew corn. The fact that the Chinese people began to grow paddy 9 000 years ago indicates that rice was first grown in China, not in India. Our ancestors 8 000 years ago were able to make objects from jade, use the skills of spinning and weaving, blow melodies in seven musical scales, and carve signs in stone and wood. The canoe and oar, unearthed from 7 000-year old remains, show that there were water transportation tools at that time. Also during this time, people began to domesticate cattle. The Yangshao people (named after Yangshao, Henan Province, where remains were first found in 1921), who lived 6 000 years ago, created a splendid painted pottery culture and began to build small fortresses using rammed earth skills. Five thousand years ago, people began to raise silkworms and knit goods with mulberry silk. Also they learned smelting copper to make small tools like bronze knives. Four thousand years ago people began to use written characters. In the Yangtze and the Yellow River valleys, a group of old cities appeared. Legends recorded in ancient documents, like those of the Shennong Family growing crops, the wife of the Yellow Emperor inventing silk, ministers of the Yellow Emperor inventing characters, the boat and the cart, and the Yellow Emperor fighting against the southern tribes, show that they are not just myths because they contain some traces of history. These discoveries reveal the long history of China. (368 words)1．Which period in Chinese history does this passage discuss?A．Prehistory.B．The Xia Dynasty.C．The Shang Dynasty.D．The Three Kingdoms.正确答案：A解析：有确切史料记载之前的历史，我们称之为“史前”。
北大考博真题英语答案解析
北大考博真题英语答案解析北大考博是中国高等教育领域的重要考试之一，英语是其中的一门科目。
随着竞争的激烈，考生对于北大考博英语真题的解析和答案掌握变得尤为重要。
本文将针对北大考博英语真题进行深入解析，帮助考生更好地准备考试。
首先，我们先来看一道真题，然后对其进行解析。
以下是一道典型的北大考博英语阅读理解题：Passage 1It is tempting, but misleading, to picture the history of African-Ameri-cans hid-den, waiting passively for progress to come. In fact, what we find over and over again in black history is the story of black people shaping their own lives and destinies. At the heart of this struggle has been the quest for education, knowledge, and just treatment— issues that have defined a people fighting for dignity and opportunity.Which of the fol-lowing would be the best title for the passage?A. The Struggles of African-AmericansB. The Importance of EducationC. African-American HistoryD. Resilience and Progress解析：本题是一道主旨题，要求找出这篇文章的最佳标题。
我们可以通过文章的主要内容和观点来选择正确答案。
北林考博辅导班：2019北京林业大学风景园林学(工学)学考博难度解析及经验分享
北林考博辅导班：2019北京林业大学风景园林学（工学）考博难度解析及经验分享根据教育部学位与研究生教育发展中心最新公布的第四轮学科评估结果可知，在2018-2019年风景园林学（工学）专业学校排名中，排名第一的是清华大学，排名第二的是北京林业大学，排名第三的是同济大学。
作为北京林业大学实施国家“211工程”和“985工程”的重点学科，园林学院的风景园林学（工学）学一级学科在历次全国学科评估中均名列第二。
下面是启道考博辅导班整理的关于北京林业大学风景园林学（工学）考博相关内容。
一、专业介绍风景园林学是一门古老而年轻的学科。
作为人类文明的重要载体，园林、风景与景观已持续存在数千年;作为一门现代学科，风景园林学可追溯至19世纪末、20世纪初，是在古典造园、风景造园基础上通过科学革命方式建立起来的新的学科范式。
北京林业大学园林学院的风景园林学（工学）专业在博士招生方面，划分为6个研究方向083400风景园林学（工学）研究方向：01 风景园林历史与理论02 风景园林规划与设计03 景观规划与生态修复04 风景园林建筑设计与理论05 风景旅游规划与设计06 城乡开放空间规划与城市设计考试科目：①1001英语②2024风景园林学（工学）专业综合测试一③3024风景园林学（工学）专业综合测试二、考核内容北京林业大学风景园林学（工学）专业博士研究生招生综合考核内容为:1、思想品德考核时间节点：2018年11月6-8日考核方式：学院研究生管理办公室对申请者材料进行资格初审后会委托研究生管理秘书以班级评议方式对申请人思想品德进行评议考核。
研究生管理秘书于2018年11月8日11时前将《在读硕士研究生硕博连读选拔思想品德考核评分表》考核结果汇总后提交至园林学院研究生办公室。
2、学习成绩考核时间节点：2018年11月6-8日考核方式：学院研究生秘书通过研究生系统对申请人全学程学习习成绩进行核算。
3、业务考核时间节点：2018年11月11-15日4、学术成果考核时间节点：2018年11月8-11日考核方式：学科秘书对申请者的学习成绩和科研成果（论文发表、专利和新品种获得情况、学术竞赛获奖情况）进行审核评分，并相应各学科相关选拔实施细则，对申请者是否具备选拔资格进行审核。
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北京林业大学考博英语阅读真题解析Directions:In the following article,some sentences have been removed.ForQuestions41-45,choose the most suitable one from the list A-G tofit into each of the numbered blanks.There are two extra choices,which do not fit in any of the blanks.Mark your answers on ANSWERSHEET 1.(10points)The time for sharpening pencils,arranging your desk,and doingalmost anything else instead of writing has ended.The first draftwill appear on the page only if you stop avoiding the inevitable andsit,stand up,or lie down to write.(41)Be flexible.Your outline should smoothly conduct you from onepoint to the next,but do not permit it to railroad you.If a relevantand important idea occurs to you now,work it into the draft.(42)Grammar,punctuation,and spelling can wait until you revise.Concentrate on what you are saying.Good writing most often occurswhen you are in hot pursuit of an idea rather than in a nervous searchfor errors.（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537)(43)Your pages will be easier to keep track of that way,and,if you have to clip a paragraph to place it elsewhere,you will notlose any writing on the other side.If you are working on a word processor,you can take advantageof its capacity to make additions and deletions as well as move entireparagraphs by making just a few simple keyboard commands.Somesoftware programs can also check spelling and certain grammatical elements in your writing.(44)These printouts are also easier to read than the screen when you work on revisions.Once you have a first draft on paper,you can delete material that is unrelated to your thesis and add material necessary to illustrate your points and make your paper convincing.The student who wrote"The A&P as a State of Mind"wisely dropped a paragraph that questioned whether Sammy displays chauvinistic attitudes toward women.(45) Remember that your initial draft is only that.You should go through the paper many times-and then again-working to substantiate and clarify your ideas.You may even end up with several entire versions of the paper.Rewrite.The sentences within each paragraph should be related to a single topic.Transitions should connect one paragraph to the next so that there are no abrupt or confusing shifts. Awkward or wordy phrasing or unclear sentences and paragraphs should be mercilessly poked and prodded into shape.[A]To make revising easier,leave wide margins and extra space between lines so that you can easily add words,sentences,and corrections.Write on only one side of the paper.[B]After you have clearly and adequately developed the body of your paper,pay particular attention to the introductory and concluding paragraphs.It's probably best to write the introduction last,after you know precisely what you are introducing.Concluding paragraphs demand equal attention because they leave the reader witha final impression.[C]It's worth remembering,however,that though a clean copy fresh off a printer may look terrific,it will read only as well as the thinking and writing that have gone into it.Many writers prudently store their data on disks and print their pages each time they finish a draft to avoid losing any material because of power failures or other problems.[D]It makes no difference how you write,just so you do.Now that you have developed a topic into a tentative thesis,you can assemble your notes and begin to flesh out whatever outline you have made.[E]Although this is an interesting issue,it has nothing to do with the thesis,which explains how the setting influences Sammy's decision to quit his job.Instead of including that paragraph,she added one that described Lengel's crabbed response to the girls so that she could lead up to the A&P"policy"he enforces.[F]In the final paragraph about the significance of the setting in"A&P,"the student brings together the reasons Sammy quit his job by referring to his refusal to accept Lengel's store policies.[G]By using the first draft as a means of thinking about what you want to say,you will very likely discover more than your notes originally suggested.Plenty of good writers don't use outlines at all but discover ordering principles as they write.Do not attempt to compose a perfectly correct draft the first time around.本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。