快递企业市场竞争战略外文文献翻译

文献出处: Navistar T. The research of express enterprise competition strategy [J]. Sloan Management Review, 2016, 12(3):41-50.原文The research of express enterprise competition strategyNavistar TAbstractThis paper takes the German AE express company as the case study. Firstly, express industry is analyzed, and then expounds the trend of the development of industry, then the AE express company made a detailed analysis of the foreign small and medium-sized express enterprises provide beneficial reference for competitive strategy.Keywords: Express delivery, Express delivery market, Competitive strategy1 Overview of the express industryExpress "refers to the logistics enterprise with its own independent network, or in the form of consortium, each using their network, the user files or entrusted by the package, fast and safely from the sender to the recipient's door to door transportation mode. Delivery in time and delivery quality differs from other modes of transportation; the efficiency of it is to build on the basis of perfect network. Express industry is the fastest speed transport documents or between the sender and recipient in package industry. The nature and the mode of transportation and the general air cargo service basic consistent, but extend and expand the air transport service, express industry in transport, express delivery service form the most quick and thoughtful. Express the owner should have the following features:Economic adaptabilityThe development of modern express industry is closely combined with the development of world economy. With the accelerating process of global economic integration, international domestic trade activities accelerate active. Due to the production and business operation activities of high efficiency and fast rhythm, time value is very important. A large number of samples, files, documents need to pass quickly, it offers a wide range of opportunities to express industry; But with the development of science and technology, a large number of high technology content, small volume, high value products also provide the source for the express industry.ImmediacyThe basic characteristics of express service mainly reflected in the fast and flexible. So must have a long distance transport rapid transport and distribution, distribution, delivery, etc. Big express companies themselves have a certain number of aircraft, and most of the Courier company has its own freight cars. In addition to transportation, express delivery company in the supply of goods distribution center, especially the central regions of the company's business, you need to set up distribution control center, equipped with warehouse, computer center, control and command center and other facilities.NetworkExpress industry provide door to door service, so you must receive customer information timely and accurately, quickly handle documents, all-the-way tracking system for the delivery of goods or documents. Realize the function of guarantee is the advanced computer network, advanced communications network, and can meet the demand of all kinds of personalized, special Courier service of hardware and software. At present most of the Courier company can do to a file and tracking in the whole process of the parcel. Users only need to log in the website, enter the waybill number, you can track the all the information of the goods.Excellent service functionForm as a result of the express delivery service is a table to table, door to door; it needs to express the all-the-way tracking, customer want to be able to real-time query Courier, so the Courier Company must be on the basis of quality service to retain customers.2 Development trend of express industry2.1 Cut or eliminate postal franchiseIn the late 70 s the United States has reform in the field of civil aviation and post in a breakthrough, cancelled the passenger and cargo airlines operating in 1978 and the limitation of the pricing, suspended in 1979 postal franchise to especially urgent letters, to allow the private Courier service providers "to" the next day the letter Posting and delivering services, suspended in 1986 to the international postal mail of the franchise. In 1993 Sweden became the first abolish postal specializes in European countries. Later, Russia, New Zealand, the Netherlands and abolishing the postal specializes in. Starting in 1995, Germany and countries around the world allow their private mail company, operating all postal business letters. In addition, the developing countries such as India, Kenya and narrowed the scope of postal specializes.2.2 Promote the reform of property right systemMany countries in order to optimize the national postal department of the state-owned property right structure, improve the operational efficiency of the postal service's, have stepped up to the postal enterprise shareholding system reform. In 1994, the Swedish postal is from shares to the public service company co., LTD., and the V A T on all of its products. In 1995, the German postal formally registered as a stock company, 49% of the shares sold to the whole society. In 2000, deutsche post successfully listed co., LTD., is the annual European largest, the world's third largest trading. New Zealand post has restructured into joint-stock company. The Netherlands is the world's a typical of postal privatization reform at present.2.3 Open to promote bilateral and regional levelsThe U.S. free trade agreements with Singapore, Chile, to create open bilateral areas express industry precedent. Beauty, wisdom is committed to keep express delivery market access level, before signing the agreement and provide separate to delivery the goods, fast customs clearance procedures; Beauty, open new agreement delivery department and other related services, in order to improve the efficiency of express delivery services. Agreement also included limited service providers for cross-subsidy provisions of the state. The emu will be open postal markets as an important content of regional integration, twice by law requires internal open postal markets, and lets the member states during the period of 2003 to 2006 take substantive steps. At present, the world trade organization (WTO) is open to Courier and postal services are given more attention, in the field of open has become the important issues of the Doha round of trade in services negotiations.3 AE express company3.1 OverviewGerman AE express company was founded in 1988, the headquarters is located in southwestern Germany. Express in Europe, at the beginning of its establishment, the company's main business. After 20 years of development, has now developed into a air freight, shipping, express delivery, warehousing, logistics as one of the integrated logistics company in Europe. Since it was founded in 1988, AE express company business development, steadily to 2008 euro turnover has over ten million every year. As an international air transport association (IATA), the world cargo alliance (WCA) members, AE Courier Company has a wide range of internationalservice network, and through the cooperation with GEL and DERKUR work ER, AE express company of express delivery range covers the whole continent. The AE express company in Frankfurt, Germany, Berlin and other branch offices in major cities in Europe. And in 2003, it set up a wholly owned subsidiary in Hong Kong, opened a European express line in Hong Kong.3.2 The competitive environmentFour giant DHL, FedEx, UPS, TNT is accounted for 80% of the international express market share. DHL express DHL global co., LTD., founded in 1969, is the world's four major international express international group, one of the global network by deutsche post group holding 100%.DHL international air express co., LTD is by DHL and China national foreign trade transportation group corporation each injection of 50% was founded in 1986, is China's earliest and most experienced international air express company. From the company since its establishment, DHL in major cities all over the country have established 82 subsidiaries, has more than 7100 high-quality staff, service throughout the country in 401 major cities, covering 95% of the population and economic center of China. As the leader of the international express delivery, DHL has diversified logistics services, including: international express, multimodal transport, electronic commerce, finance, agency, distribution and storage, and plenty of customs operation technology and experience, is one of the world's largest logistics service providers.FedEx is the world's largest express transportation company, for more than 235 countries and regions in the world to provide fast and reliable delivery service. FedEx has universal air and land transportation networks, usually only one or two working days, can quickly delivery time urgent condition, and to ensure on time delivery. FedEx is affiliated with federal express group (FedEx Corp.), are the backbone of the group express transportation business. FedEx to worldwide customers and enterprises is to provide transportation, electronic commerce and business operation and a series of comprehensive services. As one of the most famous brand, FedEx Corporation through the operation mode of the competition and coordination management, provides a comprehensive business application solutions, make it earn up to $32 billion a year. FedEx in Southeast Asia both price and speed can be said to be the first of four companies. In the price of 21 kg of large cargo FedEx, DHL, UPS, transportation speed is the same. But FedEx shortcoming lies in Western Europe, US and Canada, South America, Africa, Middle East countries have no advantage of price and speed.UPS was founded in 1907 as a messenger company in the United States, by explicitly committed to supporting the global business goal; UPS now has grown to a big company with $36 billion in assets. Today UPS, or united parcel Service Company, is a global company, as the world's largest express carrier and package Delivery Company; they are also specialized transportation, logistics, capital, and the leading provider of e-commerce services. The business income of UPS in regional terms, the domestic business accounted for 89% of total revenue, European and Asian business accounted for 11%.Can seen from this, UPS international express delivery market in China, more adept at international express business in America.TNT express to enter the Chinese market in 1988, 2003, TNT express 25 branches, the total sales of more than $700 million. As the Dutch's largest express company, TNT clearance ability in western European countries than DHL, UPS, and EMS was stronger. But price is a lot more expensive than other companies. TNT express Europe, have achieved this invention to: TNT using Dalian to Beijing daily flights, the latest on the day of collection of international express mail on the day of shipment to the capital international airport, the next day at noon TNT transit center can be arrived in Frankfurt and Los Angeles.4 The express industry suppliers bargaining powerMainly through the price increase inputs and the supplier's ability is reducing the unit value of quality, to influence the existing corporate profitability and product competitiveness in the industry. In the international express industry, the main suppliers including airlines, international freight forwarding enterprises, and road transport services. Airlines generally only shipping space on level 1 freight agent relationship. Airlines flights to fixed, fixed time, will not change the goods because the customer's problem. International freight is agency enterprises. International freight forwarding enterprise mainly refers to the air freight agent enterprise. The air freight agent is divided into primary and secondary agents. Because the airlines only put to a level a freight transportation, the shipping space to a level a freight transportation space secondary forwarding agent or directly to the customer, for express delivery companies, the main suppliers or freight forwarding companies. Relative to airlines, the size of the forwarding agent, cargo determines its bargaining power: likewise, what cargo also determines the express company's bargaining power. Highway transportation service is providers. International express operations, in addition to air express, will certainly to send countries with receipt of road express service. AE express companyowns the means of transport, the parent company is one of Germany's largest transportation groups road transportation occupies a very big advantage in Europe.译文快递企业市场竞争战略研究Navistar T摘要本文以德国AE快递公司为案例分析对象，首先分析了快递行业，接着阐述了快递行业的发展趋势，然后对AE快递公司做了一个详细的分析，为外资中小型快递企业制定竞争战略提供有益借鉴。