英语课后题1
朗文英语听说教程1课后练习题含答案
朗文英语听说教程1课后练习题含答案Introduction朗文英语听说教程1是英语学习者中较为常用的教材之一。
对于初学英语的学习者，逐课完成教材的练习题非常有必要。
练习题可帮助学习者巩固所学知识、培养语感，提高听说能力。
本文将提供朗文英语听说教程1课后练习题及其答案，旨在帮助学习者更好地学习和掌握英语。
Part 1: Unit 1 Listening PracticeSection A: Tapescript1.W: Can you spell your name, please?M: It’s Dave, D-A-V-E.2.W: Do you speak English?M: Yes, I do.3.W: What do you do?M: I’m a teacher.4.W: How do you spell that?M: It’s R-O-S-E.5.W: What’s your telephone number?M: It’s 6-2-5-7-2-4-3.Section B: Answer the questions1.What is the man’s name?Answer: Dave.2.Does the man speak English?Answer: Yes, he does.3.What is the man’s job?Answer: He is a teacher.4.How do you spell the woman’s name?Answer: Rose.5.What is the man’s telephone number?Answer: 6-2-5-7-2-4-3.Part 2: Unit 1 Speaking PracticeExercise 11.A: Good morning, my name is Lisa.B: Good morning, Lisa. My name is Brian.2.A: Hi, I’m Tom.B: Hello, Tom. I’m Karen.3.A: Nice to meet you. My name is Andrew.B: Nice to meet you too, Andrew. I’m Julia.Exercise 21.Rita: Hello, this is Rita.Mark: Hi, Rita. This is Mark.Rita: Nice to meet you.2.Alice: Good afternoon. Is this Mr. Brown?John: No, this is John.Alice: I’m sorry. Is Mr.Brown avlable?John: Yes, hang on a second.Brown: Hello, this is Brown.Alice: Hi, Mr. Brown. This is Alice. How are you? Part 3: Unit 1 Answer KeyListening Practice1.D2.C3.B4.A5.DSpeaking PracticeExercise 11.Good morning, my name is Lisa.Answer: Good morning, Lisa. My name is Brian.2.Hi, I’m Tom.Answer: Hello, Tom. I’m Karen.3.Nice to meet you. My name is Andrew.Answer: Nice to meet you too, Andrew. I’m Julia. Exercise 21.Rita: Hello, this is Rita.Mark: Hi, Rita. This is Mark.Rita: Nice to meet you.Answer: Nice to meet you too, Mark.2.Alice: Good afternoon. Is this Mr. Brown?John: No, this is John.Alice: I’m sorry. Is Mr.Brown avlable?John: Yes, hang on a second.Brown: Hello, this is Brown.Alice: Hi, Mr. Brown. This is Alice. How are you?Answer: I’m fine, thanks. How are you?。
新视野大学英语1课后答案(46页)
新视野大学英语1课后答案(46页)1. 第一题：请根据课文内容，简要描述文章的主旨大意。
答案：文章主要讲述了一个人在经历了一次人生挫折后，如何重新振作起来，努力追求自己的梦想。
通过这个故事，作者向读者传达了坚持不懈、勇往直前的信念。
2. 第二题：请列举文章中出现的三个生词，并简要解释其含义。
答案：生词一：frustration（n.）挫败感，挫折；生词二：determination（n.）决心，坚定；生词三：perseverance（n.）毅力，坚持。
3. 第三题：请根据文章内容，简要分析作者在文章中运用的修辞手法。
答案：作者在文章中运用了比喻、排比和对比等修辞手法。
例如，将人生比作一场马拉松，将挫折比作一道道难关，使读者更容易理解文章主旨。
同时，通过排比和对比，突出了主人公在困境中的坚定信念和顽强毅力。
4. 第四题：请结合文章内容，谈谈你对“人生挫折”的理解。
答案：人生挫折是每个人成长过程中不可避免的一部分。
面对挫折，我们不能气馁，要勇敢地面对，从中吸取教训，不断提升自己。
只有这样，我们才能在人生的道路上走得更远，实现自己的梦想。
5. 第五题：请仿照文章中的某个句子，用英语写一句关于人生挫折的句子。
答案：Just as a coin has two sides, life has its ups and downs. We should learn to embrace挫折 and turn them into stepping stones for success.新视野大学英语1课后答案(46页)1. 第一题：请根据课文内容，简要描述文章的主旨大意。
答案：文章通过讲述一个普通人面对挫折，最终实现自我突破的故事，传达了“逆境中成长”的主题。
主人公的经历告诉我们，无论遇到多大的困难，只要我们保持积极的态度，坚持不懈地努力，就能战胜一切困难，实现自己的目标。
2. 第二题：请列举文章中出现的三个生词，并简要解释其含义。
高级英语1第三版课后题1.3.5.7.9单元
Lesson1Face to Face with Hurricane Camille24．科夏克老爹压抑着心中的怒火，他对自己不能做任何事情来对抗卡米尔飓风感到懊恼。
毫无因由地，他跑到一间卧室将一只杉木箱和一个双人床垫拖进了电视室。
就在那时，暴风刮倒了一面墙，提灯也熄灭了。
又一面墙开始移动摇晃，查理·希尔试图支撑住它，但墙倒在他身上，伤了他的背。
房屋摇晃着，已经离开地基25 英尺了。
似乎要天崩地裂。
25．“我们把那个床垫竖起来！”约翰对父亲喊道。
“把它斜靠着挡挡风。
让孩子们待在垫子下面。
我们可以用头和肩膀顶住它！”26．大一点儿的孩子趴在地上，小一点的摞在他们上面，大人们都弯下腰罩住他们。
地板倾斜了。
装着四只小猫的盒子从架子上滑落下来，被风吹得无影无踪。
斯普基被从一个滑柜顶部吹走，也不见了踪影。
狗闭着眼睛，蜷缩成一团。
又一面墙倒塌了。
水浪拍打着倾斜的地板。
约翰抓住一扇还连接在壁橱墙上的门。
“如果地板塌了，”他对父亲喊道，“我们就把孩子们放在这上面。
”1. We‟re 23 feet above sea lev el.2. The house has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it.3. We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage.4. Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity, so the lights also wentout.5. Everybody go out through the back door and run to the cars .6. The electrical systems in the car had been put out by water.7. As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland.8. Oh God, please help us to get through this storm safely.9. Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew dimmer andstopped.10. Janis displayed rather late the exhaustion brought about by the nervous tension caused by thehurricane.汉译英1.每架飞机起飞之前必须经过严格的检查。
现代大学英语精读1课后练习题含答案
现代大学英语精读1课后练习题含答案第一部分：阅读理解阅读理解1The passage is mnly to introduce the readers to the American eating habits. The author starts by calling the attention of the readers to the fact that Americans are widely known around the world for their peculiar way of eating, by which they consume large amounts of fast food that is easily accessible all through the country. He goes ahead to expln that this eating habit is the cause of the numerous alarming health issues such as obesity and diabetes currently prevalent in the US. Finally, the author suggests various ways through which one can mntn a healthy American diet.阅读理解2According to the passage, the works of Leonardo da Vinci have had a vital impact on different fields such as science, art, and engineering. The author explns that the narrative of the famous artist andinventor’s remarkable life is not just a representation of his unique skills but also as an insight into the changes in history. In addition to the influence attributed to his works, Leonardo’s ideas and inventions have also inspired other scholars and scientists throughout history.阅读理解3The passage explns how integral music is to the human society. The author starts by explning that music is not only present in human everyday life as entertnment, but it has also been used as a tool for conveying religious or spiritual beliefs. Further, the article discusses the role that music plays in uplifting and stimulating one’s mood, especially during the difficult moments in life. Finally, the author highlights the role that music plays in cultural preservation.第二部分：简答题简答题1Irony is a situation whereby there is a contrast between what a speaker says and what they mean. It is a literary device that can be used to enhance the meaning of the text and make it more engaging and interesting. There are three types of irony, namely verbal, situational, and dramatic. Verbal irony occurs when a speaker says one thing but means another thing entirely, which is usually the opposite of what they say. Situational irony is a situation whereby the opposite of what is expected occurs. Dramatic irony is when the audience knows something the characters in the story do not.简答题2Metaphor is a figure of speech that compares two seemingly different things, highlighting their similarities. It is a literary device that helps to pnt a vivid picture of a concept or situation that might otherwise be challenging to describe. Metaphors can be found in most forms of literature, including poetry, plays and novels. An example of ametaphor is。
英语考试课后习题(1)
UNIT 11._B__people are very friendly and enjoy talking to others.A. PessimisticB. SociableC. RelaxedD. Depressing2. Through science we’ve got the idea of __B_ progress with the future.A.representingB. associatingC. establishingD. preferring3. The children reacted differently __C_ the news.A. withB. onC. toD. for4. You could go your own way ___A_ follow their footsteps.A. rather thanB. on the other handC. as well asD. at least5. Everything is almost ready for me make another __D__ on the record.A .energy B. power C. object D. attempt6. People of different __C__ may speak different languages.A. personalitesB. feelingsC. nationalitiesD. moods7.“Mrs. Williams can speak French.”“Yes. But she would rather __D_ English with us.”A. have spokenB. speaking C spoke D. speak8. The Bill will allow parents the right to express a(n)__C_ for the school their child attends.A. attemptB. influenceC. preferenceD. opinion9.The meeting __B__ so successful if we ____ adequate preparations.A .wouldn’t have been; didn’t make B. wouldn’t have been; hadn’t madeC. would have been; madeD. would have been; should make10. He preferred__ A__ rather than_____.A. to act; stand byB. to acting; to stand byC. acting; stand byD. acting; to stand byP191.He claims he has evidence which could prove his ___C__ of the crime.A. loyaltyB. authorityC. innocenceD. vision2.The election results do not always __A___ back the views of the voters.A. reflectB. signifyC. implyD. stimulate3.There was no _B__ information about how many people died in the explosion.A. stylishB. reliableC. loyalD. relaxed4.She dare not go out because of the __C__ cold.A. solidB. refreshingC. intenseD. abundant5.I’m afraid this red curtain will not __B__ my furniture.A. go forB. go withC. go byD. go in6.This interpretation is __C___ to mislead beginners.A. similarB. accurateC. aptD. ready7.Self-confidence may __D__ your chances of getting a job.A. symbolizeB. stimulateC. overpowerD. enhance8.Looking into his eyes, she seemed to __C__ all he said.A. take offB. take downC. take inD. take up9. The doctor recommended the patient __B___ the new medicine.A. tryB. to tryC. having triedD. take up10. I will not make a noise for fear that I __A_ you.A. should disturbB. would disturbC. disturbedD. were disturbingUNIT 2P40—P411. I remember__ B_ __you before that it is dangerous to climb up the window.A. to tellB. tellingC. to have toldD. as telling2.I looked in her face for some__ A___ ,but she just stared at me blankly（茫然的）A. responseB. reminderC. signsD. sense3. Never before __D ___ so much money.A.I hadB.I had hadC. have ID. had I had4. It is only when one is ill ___A_ __ one realizes the value of health.A. thatB. whichC. becauseD. as5. The book’s success has ___B___ everyone’s expectations.A. replacedB. surpassedC. waitedD. supposed6. It is great being with her because she had got such a __D___ attitude to everthing.A. magicB. favoriteC. ruralD. positive7. She reached ____B__ the phone and knocked over a glass.A. outB. forC. intoD. up8. Susan ___C___ like cats but now she likes dogs.A. is used toB. was used toC. used toD. got used to9. Is there any significant difference __C____ quality _____ these two shirts?A. of…betweenB. in…overC. in…betweenD. of…over10. She is __A___ a poet than a musician.A. more ofB. the moreC. far moreD. more or lessBlank FillingP451.People __C___ by what others think usually lack confidence in themselves.A. affectingB. who affectedC. affectedD. are affected2.__A___ one’s work properly may be worse than not to do it at all.A. Not to doB. Not doingC. To not doD. Doing not3.In the past, this process of transition often proved __C__.A. difficultyB. difficultiesC. difficultD. being difficult4. _B____, he could not have done such a thing.A. A fool as Jim isB. Fool as Jim isC. As Jim is foolD. As fool is Jim5.The focus of their attention is __A___ how technology affects human life ratherthan businessA. onB. atC. inD. about6.You could _A___ to your collections in the hope that they will be worth millionsten years laterA. hang onB. hang upC. hang outD. hang around7.She had her mother’s clothes __C___ to be her fit.A. modifiedB. changedC. alteredD. varied8. Children_ _D___ a language more quickly than adults do.A. stick outB. go intoC. let inD. pick up9.Shirley kept all the children in _B___ before announcing who the prize.A. darkB. suspenseC. struggleD. dimness10. Unfortunately I’m not_ _C___ dressed for the gardening.A. individuallyB. clumsilyC. suitablyD. ridiculouslyP47 翻译1.男孩子们想去野营但被他们的父母们拦住了。
高级英语课后习题答案第一册完整版
高级英语第一册课后习题答案Lesson11)A bazaar is a market or street of shops and stands in Oriental countries．Such bazaars are likely to be found in Afghanistan，the Arabian Peninsula，Cyprus，Asiatic Turkey and Egypt．2)The bazaar includes many markets：cloth—market，copper—smiths’market．carpet—market，food—market，dye—market，pottery—market，carpenters’market，etc．They represent the backward feudal economy．3)A blind man could know which part 0f the bazaar he was in by his senses of smell and hearing．Different odours and sounds can give him some ideas about the various parts 0f the bazaar．4)Because the earthen floor，beaten hard by countless feet，deadens the sound of footsteps，and the vaulted mudbrick walls and roof have hardly and sounds to echo. The shop-keepers also speak in slow, measured tones, and the buyers follow suit.5)The place where people make linseed oil seems the most picturesque in the bazaar. The backwardness of their extracting oil presents an unforgettable scene.II .1)little donkeys went in and out among the people and from one side to another2)Then as you pass through a big crowd to go deeper into the market, the noise of the entrance gradually disappear, and you come to the much quieter cloth-market.3)they drop some of items that they don't really want and begin to bargain seriously for a low price.4)He will ask for a high price for the item and refuse to cut down the price by any significant amount.5)As you get near it, a variety of sounds begin to strike your ear.Ⅲ. See the translation of text.IV.1)n. +n..seaside, doorway, graveyard, warlord2)n. +v..daybreak, moonrise, bullfight3)v. +n..cutback, cutthroat, rollway4)adj. +n..shortterm, softcoal, softliner, hardware5)adv. +v. .output , upgrade, downpour6)v. +adv..pullover, buildupV.1)thread (n.) she failed to put the thread through the eye of the needle.(v.) He threaded through the throng.2)round (v.) On the 1st of September the ship rounded the Cape of Good Hope. (adv.) He wheeled round and faced me angrily.3)narrow(v.) In the discussions we did not narrow the gap any further. (adj．)He failed by a very narrow margin．4)price(n．) The defence secretary said the U．S．was not looking for an agreement at anyprice．(v．)At the present consumption rates(of oil)the world may well be pricing itself out of its future．5) (v．)live About 40％of the population lives on the land and tries to live off it．(adj．)The nation heard the inaugural speech in a live broadcast．6)tower (n．)The tower was built in the 1 4th century．(v．)The general towered over his contemporaries．7)dwarf (v．)A third of the nation's capital goods are shipped from this area，which dwarfs West Germany's mighty Ruhr Valley in industrial output．(n．)Have you ever read the story of Snow White and the Dwarfs?Ⅵ．1)light and heat：glare，dark，shadowy，dancing flashes．the red of the live coals，glowing bright，dimming，etc．2)sound and movement：enter，pass，thread their way．penetrate，selecting，pricing，doinga little preliminary bargaining，din，tinkling，banging，clashing，creak，squeaking，rumbling，etc．3)smell and colour：profusion of rich colours，pungent and exotic smells，etc．Ⅶ．1)glare指刺眼的光；brightness指光源发出的强烈稳定的光，强调光的强度。
大学英语教材1课后题答案
大学英语教材1课后题答案Unit 1Part I: Understanding Text1. A: How do you do?B: How do you do?2. an American; are3. 1. communication 2. English 3. global4. It facilitated communication among different countries and cultures.5. It provides us with opportunities to enhance our career prospects and expand our social network.6. 1. plays 2. role 3. life7. 1. primary 2. global 3. Chinese8. 1. communicate 2. firsthand 3. differentPart II: Listening1. True2. False3. True4. False5. TruePart III: Speaking1. Students' own answersPart IV: Reading1. B2. C3. B4. A5. DPart V: WritingStudents' own answersUnit 2Part I: Understanding Text1. Chinese silent films influenced the development of Western cinema in various ways.2. Western cinema impressed Chinese filmmakers with its advanced film techniques and storytelling methods.3. 1. social 2. century 3. entertainment4. Chinese silent films showcased the country's rich cultural heritage and history.5. It demonstrated the power of film as a means of storytelling and communication.6. 1. influenced 2. Chinese 3. Western7. 1. marked 2. early 3. films8. 1. chance 2. communicate 3. bothPart II: Listening1. C2. B3. A4. C5. APart III: SpeakingStudents' own answersPart IV: Reading1. A2. C3. B4. D5. CPart V: WritingStudents' own answersUnit 3Part I: Understanding Text1. Social media platforms allow people to connect and share information instantaneously.2. People use social media for various purposes such as networking, entertainment, and staying updated with news and events.3. 1. popular 2. communication 3. benefits4. Social media has revolutionized the way we connect and interact with others.5. It has provided a platform for businesses to promote their products and reach a wider audience.6. 1. connect 2. friends 3. world7. 1. virtual 2. communication 3. platforms8. 1. opportunities 2. connect 3. worldwidePart II: Listening1. B2. A3. C4. A5. CPart III: SpeakingStudents' own answersPart IV: Reading1. D2. A3. C4. D5. BPart V: WritingStudents' own answers请注意，以上仅是大学英语教材1课后题答案的一个示例。
大学综合英语教程1第1--10单元课后题,附带翻译题答案
大学综合英语教程1第1--10单元课后题,附带翻译题答案大学综合英语教程1第1到10单元课后题,附带翻译题答案Book1课后习题Unit1Never Say GoodbyeI.Explain the italicized part in each sentence in your own words.1.When I was ten I was suddenly confronted with the anguish of moving from the only home.2.…they all have one thing in common:sadness.3.…in that place in your heart where summer is an always time.4.Don’t ever give in to the sadness and the loneliness of that word.5.Take that special hello and lock it away within you. II.Fill in each blank with one of the two words from each pair in their appropriate forms and note the difference of meaning between them.1.SHUDDER SHAKEa.Seeing the referee drawing out the yellow card,the coach began—————————his fist in rage.b.She—————————at the touch of his leathery hand.c.The tree branches were————————in that sudden gust of wind.d.He————————breathlessly in the doorway until his pursuers had raced past.2.ANSWER REPLYa.He had hoped that divorce would be the——————to allhis problems.b.We are still waiting for him to———————to our requests for further assistance.c.In———————to his suggestions,they have decided to consult him for more details.d.He————————his critics by claiming that he was responding to the new needs of globalization./doc/d414289911.html,MON GENERALa.The————————impression we got was that they were not interested in the new project.b.It was claimed in the newly published report that higher education,in————————,is financially in trouble.c.It may be said that good health is a————————condition,and that occasional sickness is——————.d.AIDS is becoming the most————————cause of death among drug addicts.4.SMALL TINYa.A————————house would do perfectly for the two of them.b.“Get back on board!”I shouted as his————————figure struggled up the river bank.c.Displayed at the exhibition were some————————toy soldiers that were beautifully carved.d.The visitor was a————————man who would give every appearance of self-importance.III.Choose a word or phrase that best completes each of the following sentences.1.She suffered great mental———————after herhusband died,and as a result she became mad.A.angerB.discomfortC.UnhappinessD.anguish2.She offered me some food that had a————————taste.A.specialB.peculiarC.particularD.Concrete3.Building the proposed underground railway may————————much more than the government could pay.A.spendB.costC.takeD.Waste4.Realizing the immense international pressure,the President————————stepped down.A.conspicuouslyB.gracefullyC.lonelyD.truly5.The audience whistled and shouted,waiting for her to sing one————————song./doc/d414289911.html,stB.finalC.endingD.concluding6.During the war,all the women were left unloved,exhausted,impoverished and———————.A.aloneB.hoarseC.graveD.lonely7.He was put into prison,but he never———————,and continued his fight from behind the bars.A.gave upB.give inC.stoppedD.retreated8.His high school report————————that he was brilliant in all science subjects.A.believedB.noticedC.notedD.decidedIV.Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word or phrase taken from the box in its appropriate form.lock away summon instead stare whisper give in evilconfront with well up gently brief pull1.The minister didn’t make any comments on their own human rights problems;he said————————that we were to do more on this issue.2.————the sight of the poor,the sick and the unemployed,the government had no way out but to decide to reform.3.Take good care to————————your jewelry before going away on holiday.4.Strong feelings————————within them.5.He tried to————————from his memory what he knew of his former neighbor.6.The Secretary of State said that the war was going to be————————but decisive.7.I looked hard at him,while he————————dully back at me.8.A voice seemed to be————————in her mind,telling her to be brave.9.If a man speaks or acts with a(n)————————thought,pain follows him.10.If you always————————to others you will end up feeling depressed.V.Fill in the blank in each sentence with an appropriate form of the given capitalized word in the bracket. Example:The bloodstain on her dress was very—————————.(NOTICE) Answer:The bloodstain on her dress was very noticeable.1.Nobody wanted to live in the————————part of the town.(INDUSTRY)2.The police asked him to give a————————of the suitcase he had lost.(DESCRIBE)3.He had no————————that he was being watched.(SUSPECT)4.This is Alexandra,my personal————————.(ASSIST)5.Although some of my work-mates quickly found new jobs after the factory closed down,my brother and I were————————for several months.(EMPLOY)6.Although I was positive that the girl had stolen my ring,I could not find any————————.（PROVE）7,With very high scores in the entrance----------,he succeeded in entering the world famous university(examine)8,Completely exhausted and utterly staved after a longdays march,the soldiers could hardly walk any----------(far)Translation exercises1.他为这次面试中可能面对的问题准备好了答案。
新通用大学英语综合教程第1册课后练习题含答案
新通用大学英语综合教程第1册课后练习题含答案第一章选择题1.Which of the following is NOT a common trt of successfullearners?A. They have clear goals.B. They are good listeners.C. They take good notes.D. They never make mistakes.答案：D2.What is the mn topic of this passage?A. The benefits of exerciseB. The importance of sleepC. The challenges of studyingD. The advantages of caffeine答案：C填空题1.To be successful in college, you must have clear ______.答案：goals2.Taking good ______ is essential for effective studying.答案：notes简答题1.What are some common trts of successful learners?Successful learners tend to have clear goals, are good listeners, take good notes, mntn a positive attitude, and never give up.2.What are some of the challenges of studying?Studying can be challenging due to a variety of factors including distractions, lack of motivation, difficulty understanding the material, and balancing a busy schedule.第二章选择题1.What is the best definition of a thesis statement?A. A brief summary of the mn points of a paperB. The introductionto a research paper C. A statement that identifies the mn idea of a paper D. An argumentative statement about a topic答案：C2.What is the purpose of the conclusion of a paper?A. To summarize the mn points of the paperB. To introduce new informationC. To provide an opinion about the topicD. To restate the thesis statement答案：D填空题1.A ______ statement identifies the mn idea of a paper.答案：thesis2.The ______ of a paper should restate the thesis statementand summarize the mn points.答案：conclusion简答题1.What is the purpose of a thesis statement?The purpose of a thesis statement is to identify the mn idea of a paper and provide a clear direction for the reader.2.Why is it important to include a conclusion in a paper?The conclusion provides closure to the paper and reminds the reader of the mn points. It also restates the thesis statement and leaves the reader with a final thought.。
大学英语综合教程1课后习题
大学英语综合教程1课后习题第一篇Unit 11.那是个正规宴会，我照妈妈对我讲的那样穿着礼服去了。
（formal）As it was a formal dinner party, I wore formal dress, as Mother told me to.2.他的女朋友劝他趁抽烟的坏习惯尚未根深蒂固之前把它改掉。
（take hold）His girlfriend advised him to get out of his bad habit of smoking before it took hold.3.他们预料到下几个月电的需求量很大，决定增加生产。
Anticipating that the demand for electricity will be high during the next few months, they have decided to increase its production.4.据说比尔因一再违反公司的安全规章而被解雇。
（violate）It is said that Bill has been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules. Bill is said to have been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules.5.据报道地方政府已采取适当措施避免严重缺水（water shortage）的可能性。
It is reported that the government has taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage.The local government is reported to have taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage.6.苏珊（Susan）因车祸失去了双腿。
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课文A谁是伟大的？陈雪雷整理阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦小时候在学校里的成绩很糟糕，老师们都认为他迟钝。
拿破仑·波拿巴年轻时只是法国陆军中几百名炮兵中尉中的一名。
几乎没有受过正规教育的乔治·华盛顿，十几岁时不是受训当兵而是受训做土地测量员。
尽管他们的起步平淡无奇，但是每个人后来都为自己在历史上赢得了一席之地。
是什么使得他们变得伟大呢？是他们生来就具备一些特殊的东西？还是他们的伟大与时机掌握、献身精神和也许是一种坚定的个性更为有关？几十年来，科学家们一直在问这样的问题。
在过去几年里，他们已经发现了证据，这些证据有助于解释为什么有些人出类拔萃，而另外的人——也许同样很有才华——却被甩在了后面。
他们的发现可能对我们所有的人都有启示。
谁是伟大的？伟人的定义取决于如何衡量成功。
但标准还是有一些的。
“对人类文明作出永久性贡献的人是伟大的，”基思·西蒙顿院长说。
他是加州大学戴维斯分校的一名心理学教授，1994年出版的《伟大：谁创造历史，以及为什么》一书的作者。
但他又提醒说：“有时侯伟人并没有被载人史册。
许多女性取得了巨大成就，或者颇具影响力，但却没有得到承认。
”在这本书的写作中，西蒙顿把有关伟大人物的历史如识和遗传学、精神病学及社会科学领域的最新发现融合在了一起。
他所聚焦的伟人包括获得过诺贝尔奖、领导过伟大的国家或赢得过战争、谱写过流芳百世的交响乐或在科学、哲学、政治学或艺术上引起过革命性巨变的男性和女性。
虽然他没有一个公式来解释某些人怎样或为什么出类拔萃（其中涉及的因素太多了），但他却提出了一些共同的特点。
一种“永不屈服”的态度。
西蒙顿说，如果事业上取得巨大成就者具有什么共性的话，那就是一种持续不断地追求成功的动力。
“人们往往认为他们天生具有一些超常非凡的东西，”他解释道。
“但研究结果表明，有的伟人并没有惊人的智力。
有的只是程度上的差异而已。
伟大是建立在大量的学习、实践和献身精神的基础之上的。
”他举出二战时期的英国首相温斯顿·丘吉尔作为一个永不放弃的冒险者的典范。
丘吉尔在全国上下士气最为低落的时候被推上台，并出色地领导了英国人民。
在1940年盟军敦刻尔克大撤退之后的一次演讲中，他的话激励了全国人民，“我们绝不会衰退、失败。
我们将坚持到底……我们永远不会屈服。
”你可能生来就伟大吗？在研究丘吉尔的历史作用——以及其他政治领袖和军事领袖的作用时——西蒙顿发现了一个惊人的模式：“头生者和独生着往往会成为危难时期的优秀领导者：他们习惯于承担责任。
但是在和平时期，中间出生者是更好的领袖：他们更善于倾听不同利益集团的呼声，作出必要的妥协。
独生子丘吉尔就很典型。
他在危机关头是伟大的，但是在和平时期他却并不称职—一甚至于不得人心。
”时机是又一个因素。
“如果你把乔治·华盛顿放在20世纪，他作为一个政治家将一事无成，”西蒙顿宣称。
“他不善于在公众前演讲，他不喜欢同公众握手。
而从另一方面讲，我看富兰克林·罗斯福也很难在华盛顿的时代有所作为。
那时还没有他用来进行炉边谈话的收音机。
”你可能太聪明吗?西蒙顿的一个出人意料的发现是，许多政治领袖和军事领袖虽然很聪明，但并非过于聪明。
他解释说，超过了某一程度，其他因素，如有效沟通的能力等，便变得比通过智商测试测得的先天智力更为重要了。
西蒙顿说，最具才智的美国总统——如托马斯·杰斐逊，伍德罗·威尔逊和约翰．F．肯尼迪——好不容易才当选，而其他智商更接近于平均水平的人（如沃沦．G．哈定）却大获全胜。
因为还涉及政治和经济因素，所以具备天才般的智商并不是成为一名伟大领袖的必要条件。
在科学领域，西蒙顿补充说，那些具有“天才级”智商的人确实更有可能获得承认。
然而，证据也表明克服传统的思维方式也许同样重要。
他提到最近的一项研究：给了一些大学生一组数据，问他们能否找出一种数学关系。
几乎三分之一的人找了出来。
他们并不知道他们刚刚解出的是历史上最著名的科学等式之一：行星运动的第三定律．约翰尼斯·开普勒在1618年发现的一个等式。
西蒙顿说，开普勒的天才并不在于解决了一个数学难题，而在于用一种独特的方式思考数字——将其数学知识运用于对行星运动的观测之中。
正是他的胆识使他与众不同。
热爱你的工作。
童年时，爱因斯坦就迷上了磁铁同金属相吸的现象。
“他忍不住要去想这件事，”西蒙顿指出。
“他16岁时就被物理学上的问题迷住了，并从未停止过对它们的研究。
所以他在26岁时就作出了巨大的贡献也就不足为奇了。
”“对我们大多数人来说，并不是我们没有能力，”西蒙顿补充说，“而是我们没有花费时间。
你必须投入精力，并忍受所有的挫折和障碍。
”“像其他有创造性的天才一样，爱因斯坦的动力并非对名誉的渴望，”西蒙顿说，“相反，使他与众不同的是他对工作的痴迷。
”这样的动力来自何处仍是一个谜。
但它几乎在所有有创造性的天才身上都能找到——无论他们的才华是否被同代人所承认。
“艾米莉·迪金森的诗歌直到她去世后才得到承认，”西蒙顿说。
“但她并不是为了名而写。
詹姆斯·乔伊斯也是如此，他没有花很多时间去担心会有多少人会读《为芬尼根守灵》。
”如今，研究者们有证据证明，对自己工作的一种内在的热情是出类拔萃的一个关键。
在由现哈怫大学工商管理教授特蕾莎·阿玛贝尔于1985年在布兰代斯大学主持的一项研究中，一批专业作家——没有一位是有名气的——被要求各写一首短诗。
当时每位作家被随机分到三个小组中：一个小组被要求记住是为金钱而写；另一个小组被要求想着只为消遣而写；第三组则没有得到任何指示。
然后这些诗歌匿名交给一个由专业作家组成的评判小组进行评审。
想着为金钱而写作的人所写的诗歌排名最低。
那些想着只为消遣而写作的人写得最好。
“从对工作的热爱得到的动力起着重要的作用，”阿玛贝尔说。
以下是TEXT A的词汇资料a slow learnerThe child is slow at figures.The tanks and artillery fired away.The program is aimed at a teenage audience.Spectacular achievement is always preceded by unspectacular preparation.E-commerce purchases are expected to grow a healthy but unspectacular 17 to 20 percent this holiday season over last year's.They used to carve Chinese characters on stones.You must now get past this failure and carve out a new path that is equal to the world standard. The new airline hopes to carve a place for itself in the European market.The improvements will enable us to use energy and manpower far more efficiently.“Have we arrived too early?” “No, your timing is perfect—dinner is almost ready.”To be a good tennis player, you have to have good timing.The government adopt an uncompromising posture on the issue of independence.The findings also may point the way to new approaches for treating the disease.I must caution you against the danger.Dad always drives with caution.She was influential in persuading the government to make the new law.England. Scotland and Wales compose the island of Great Britain.Listening to her, Beethoven was moved to tears. After all, he could see! After all, he could compose music and write it in paper!Raining is characteristic of Singapore.She’s endowed with intelligence as well as beauty.The adoption of this policy would relieve them of a tremendous burden.Some pop fans had a tremendous night at the theater last night with the concert.He thrust his way through the crowd.We will never thrust our opinions upon others.The order soon came that all villagers should evacuate the village.Her big eyes are her most striking feature.He just showed up from out of nowhere.Direction means objectives. You can get nowhere without an objective in life.You obviously have an innate talent for music.People vary in their innate talents, as measured by, say, IQ tests.They derive an equation, the solution to which is very simple.This is your best time to launch a new business or make a bold career move.People react to the frustration in much the same way.Frustration education is very important for college students.The Marxist faith is still the mainstream faith of university students in contemporary China, but there are some problems in their belief.Please fill in the form below honestly. After you submit it, our staff will contact you soon.It is foolish to submit to such threat.You can donate anything randomly, without seeking reward, and anonymously, without telling anyone.以下是TEXT A的课后练习IV.1. chat2. acknowledge3. motivated4. characteristic5.despite6.influential7.cited8.obstacle9. intrinsic 10. criteria 11. obsession 12. innate13. contribution(s) 14. contemporary 15. submitted 16. morale V.1. left behind2. rise above3. made history4. were endowed with5. put up with6. going nowhere7. focuses on8. be built on9. put in 10. come up with 11. take charge 12. set ... apartVII.1. For some students, it's not that they don't put in enough time-it's that they don't have good study habits.2. Children perform differently at school. It's not that they have different IQs-it's that they are brought up in different environments.3. The company is not very productive. It's not that its staff aren't talented-it's that their energy hasn't been channeled effectively.4. I'm really sorry. It's not that I don't want to go to the cinema with you-it's that I have to finish my paper tonight.5. You have a stomachache. It's not that the food was bad-it's probably that you have too much stress from your work.VIII.1. President Wilson didn't try to bring the US back to economic and political isolation. Instead, he believed in international cooperation through an association of nations.2. Computers don't teach students in groups. Instead, they can help them learn effectively according to their different needs.3. We shouldn't focus on minor points. Instead, we should try to solve the problem of the greatest urgency at present.4. He doesn’t get anybody else to help him. Instead, he likes to attend to everything himself.5. Teaching success shouldn't be measured by the scores the students receive on tests. Instead, it should be measured by whether the students have internalized the ability and desire to learn.XI.1. Americans tend to define people by the jobs they have/do, Such characteristics as their family and educational backgrounds are considered less important.2. His uncompromising personality explains why he could no longer put up with his employer and eventually submitted his resignation.3. If you really want to learn English well, you must put in a lot of time and energy, or you'll go nowhere. The same can be said of other subjects.4. Some actors' fame is built on their innate beauty, but despite his short stature, Dustin Hoffman rose above and it is his excellent acting that set him apart.5. After he took charge, we discovered that there were striking differences between him and his predecessor. He had the drive and passion, came up with many new ideas, and focused his work on how to raise our morale.6. Deng Xiaoping made history when he declared China's reform and opening-up policy. Despite tremendous obstacles, he made lasting contributions to our country's modernization with his unrelenting efforts.7. Why could someone with a genius IQ be left behind by a hardworking person with an average IQ? It has to be acknowledged that besides one's IQ, many other factors have much to do with one's achievements.8. This teacher is really remarkable in first motivating her students so she can really teach them something. It's not that she is talented, it's that she focuses completely on drawing their full attention in class.。