福师《现代语言学》在线作业一1答案
福师1203考试批次《现代语言学》复习题及参考答案教学内容
福师1203考试批次《现代语言学》复习题及参考答案一本课程复习题所提供的答案仅供学员在复习过程中参考之用，有问题请到课程论坛提问本复习题页码标注所用教材为：教材名称单价作者版本出版社现代语言学教程孙丽红如学员使用其他版本教材，请参考相关知识点1.Sometimes bound morphemes can be used by themselves.2.There is a three-word sentence stage in first language acquisition.3. A simple sentence consists of a single clause which contains asubject and a predicate and stands alone as its own sentence. 4. A locutionary act is the act of conveying literal meaning by meansof syntax, lexicon, and phonology.nguage is entirely arbitrary.6.The naming theory of meaning was proposed by the ancient Greekscholar Plato.pounding is the addition of affixes to stems to form new words.8.All utterances take the form of sentences.9.Suffixes modify the meaning of the original word and in many cases change itspart of speech.10.The most basic element of meaning is traditionally called morpheme.II. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement.(1.5*10=15)1.The pharynx refers to the space of cavity between the larynx and theend of ____.A. tongueB. hard palateC. soft palateD. vocal cords2.Morphemes that represent “tense”, “number”, “gender”,“case” and so forth are called ____ morphemes.A. inflectionalB. boundC. freeD. derivational3. The fact that ability to speak a language is transmitted from generation to generation by a process of learning, and not genetically is usually referred to as ____.A. performanceB. language acquisitionC. cultural transmissionD. competence4. The sound [s] and [z] are the results of air escaping under frication between tongue and ____ before passing through the teeth.A. hard palateB. uvulaC. alveolar ridgeD. soft palate5.____ deals with language application to other fields, particularlyeducation.A. Linguistic geographyB. Applied linguisticsC. SociolinguisticsD. Comparative linguistics6. Vowels that are produced between the positions for a front and back vowel are called ____ vowels.A. openB. closeC. frontD. central7、______ is defined as a conscious process of accumulatingknowledge of a second language usually obtained in schoolsettings.A. CompetenceB. PerformanceC. LearningD. Acquisition8、______ act theory is an important theory in the pragmaticstudy of language.A. SpeakingB. SpeechC. SoundD. Spoken9. A ______ analysis of an utterance will reveal what thespeaker intends to do with it.A. semanticB. syntacticC. pragmaticD. grammatical10.The most basic element of meaning is traditionally callen______A. morphemeB. syntacticC. pragmaticD. grammaticalIII. Dissect the following words into morphemes. (2*5=10)1. though _______________ _______ 考核知识点：morpheme，参见P19-222. speeches _________________ _____ 考核知识点：morpheme，参见P19-223. geography ___________ ___________ 考核知识点：morpheme，参见P19-224、morpheme___________ ___________ 考核知识点：morpheme，参见P19-225、syntactic___________ ___________ 考核知识点：morpheme，参见P19-22IV. Define the following terms. (5*6=30)1. the telegraphic stage考核知识点：language acquisition，参见P482. language考核知识点：language ，参见P33. discreteness考核知识点：discreteness参见P94. vowel考核知识点：vowel，参见P145. internal structure考核知识点：internal structure，参见P22V. Answer the following questions. (15*2=30)1. Why do we say language is arbitrary?考核知识点：arbitrary，参见P5参考答案要点：Arbitrariness in narrow sense refers to the lack of physical，logical or natural connection(i．e．the inexplicability of the relationship)between individual linguistic symbols and the meanings they symbolize．We know people use linguistic symbols which are originally meaningless to refer to something meaningful．There is no physical，’logical or natural connection between the symbolic signs used in language and the meaning they stand for．It is inexplicable．We can’t explain why the English people use‘'water'’to refer to the stuff in this bottle．Similarly,we can’t explain why the Chinese people use“水”to refer to the stuff．So language is arbitrary in nature．2. What’s the difference between langue and parole?考核知识点：langue and parole，参见P3-10参考答案要点：Language is full ofvarieties：no two speakers speak in an identical manner；no two speakers have an identical learning experience．Language consists in its varieties，that is to say,language isrealized through its varieties(cp．the relation．between fruit and apple，between phoneme and allophones and phones and between langue and parole．福师1203考试批次《现代语言学》复习题及参考答案二本课程复习题所提供的答案仅供学员在复习过程中参考之用，有问题请到课程论坛提问本复习题页码标注所用教材为：教材名称单价作者版本出版社现代语言学教程孙丽红如学员使用其他版本教材，请参考相关知识点I. Decide whether each statement is true (T) or false (F). (15 points, 1.5 points for each)1、Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language..2、Language is not only linearly-structured.3、Linguistic performance is essentially a social phenomenon and also a context-dependent behavior.4、General linguistics studies the basic concepts, theories,5、descriptions, models and methods applicable are not in any linguistic study.6、Some languages are not superior to other languages.7、Compounding is the addition of affixes to stems to form new words.8、 Not all utterances take the form of sentences.9、Morphemes modify the meaning of the original word and in many cases change its part of speech.10、The most basic element of meaning is traditionally called morphe.参考答案：1-5 F T F T F 6-10 T F T T FII. Choose the ONE choice that best completes each statement. (20 points, 2 points for each)1.Whcih of the following best states the behaviorist view of child languageacquisition?_______.A. Language acquisition is a process of habit formationB. Language acquisition is the species-specific property of human beingsC. Children are born with an innate ability to acquire languageD. Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use参考答案B2.The pair of words "lend"and "borrow"are ___.A.gradable oppositesB.relational oppositesC.co-hyponymsD.synonyms参考答案B3. The discovery of Indo-European language family began with the work of theBritish scholar .A.Jacob GrimmB.Rasmus RaskC.Franz BoppD.Sir William Jones参考答案D4. A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as __.A.unusualB.something to be fearedC.abnormalD.natural参考答案D5. __produce fast and fluent speech with good intonation and pronunciation but thecontent of their speech ranges from mildly inappropriate to complete nonsense,often as unintelligible.A.Broca"s aphasicB.The linguistic deprivationC.The damage on the angular gyrusD.Wernicke"s aphasic参考答案D6.Some Southern learners of English in China tend to say "night" as "light".Thisshows: .A.They cannot pronounce/n/B. Interlangue interference because there is notthe sound /n/in their mothertongueC.The teachers do not have a good teaching methodD.They do not like to pronounce nasal sounds参考答案B7.. A word with several meanings is called __word.A.a polysemousB.a synonymousC.an abnormalD.a multiple参考答案A8.. The function of the sentence "A nice day, isn"t it?"is __.rmativeB.phaticC.directiveD.performative参考答案B9. The most recognizable differences between American English and BritishEnglish are in __ and vocabulary.ageB.grammarC.pronunciationD.structure参考答案C10. __deals with the way in which a language varies through geographical space.A.Linguistic geographyB.LexicologyC.LexicographyD.Sociolinguistics参考答案AIII. Define each of the following terms. (30 points, 6 points for each)1. phonetics考核知识点：phonetics，参见P122. phoneme考核知识点：phoneme，参见P163. stress考核知识点：stress，参见P174.reference考核知识点：reference，参见P355. idiolect考核知识点：idiolect，参见P41Answer the following questions. (35 points)1. How, in your opinion, does pragmatics differ from semantics?考核知识点：pragmatics and semantics，参见P28-35参考答案要点：Pragmatics is the study of the meaning which is not included in semantics and whose interpretation is dependent on its social contexts．Semantics is the science of meaning．Semantics is concemed t11 encoding and decoding of meaning，(finding out how people encode their meaning and how people try to interpret their meaning)，identifying and classifying meanings，lexical meaning，sentential meaning，and utterance 2. What’s the difference between sense and reference?考核知识点：sense and reference，参见P35参考答案要点：There are two different meanings of meaning：sense(the meaning that relates linguistic forms with what is in the non．1inguistic world)and reference(the meaning that lies in the relation or contrasts among linguistic forms themselves，i．e．how the meanings are divided by the different linguistic forms／how different linguistic forms may be used to express meanings)．3. Explain language production with some examples.考核知识点：language production，参见P51参考答案要点：Language production is more difficult to study than language comprehension for the following reasons：the way thoughts are turned into speech(We don’t know how thoughts are turned intospeech．)；indirect approach through analyzing errors in speech production(We can only use this indirect approach to infer from these errors how we producespeech．)Following Carroll’s model of speech production,there are four stages：construction of thought to be expressed(You must have something in your mind to be expressed)，formation ofthought into linguistic forms(When you have some thought,you should turn it into linguistic forms)，construction of a motor command for the utterance(You need to prepare the command for the speech organs to speak)，execution ofthat motor command(You’re actually saying what you want to say)．福师1203考试批次《现代语言学》复习题及参考答案三本课程复习题所提供的答案仅供学员在复习过程中参考之用，有问题请到课程论坛提问本复习题页码标注所用教材为：教材名称单价作者版本出版社现代语言学教程孙丽红如学员使用其他版本教材，请参考相关知识点I. Decide whether each statement is true (T) or false (F). (15 points, 1.5 points for each)11.Sometimes bound morphemes can be used by themselves.12.There is a three-word sentence stage in first language acquisition.13.A simple sentence consists of a single clause which contains asubject and a predicate and stands alone as its own sentence. 14.A locutionary act is the act of conveying literal meaning by meansof syntax, lexicon, and phonology.nguage is entirely arbitrary.16.Articulatory phonetics that studies speech sounds from a physicalpoint of view, focusing on their physical properties in transmission.17.In speech sound production, lower part of the oral cavity arerelatively stable and function as a foil to the upper part in its articulatory movements.18.Consonants are sounds made by a closure or narrowing somewhere inthe vocal tract.19.Stress may play different functions in different languages.20.Affixation changes the grammatical class of the word.参考答案1-5 F T F T F 6-10 F F T T FII. Choose the ONE choice that best completes each statement. (20 points, 2 points for each)3.The pharynx refers to the space of cavity between the larynx and theend of ______.A. tongueB. hard palateC. soft palateD. vocal cords4.Morphemes that represent “tense”, “number”, “gender”,“case” and so forth are called ______ morphemes.A. inflectionalB. boundC. freeD. derivational3. The fact that ability to speak a language is transmitted from generation to generation by a process of learning, and not genetically is usually referred to as ______.A. performanceB. language acquisitionC. cultural transmissionD. competence4. The sound [s] and [z] are the results of air escaping under frication between tongue and ______ before passing through the teeth.A. hard palateB. uvulaC. alveolar ridgeD. soft palate6.______ deals with language application to other fields, particularlyeducation.A. Linguistic geographyB. Applied linguisticsC. SociolinguisticsD. Comparative linguistics6. Language has that distinguish it from other semiotic systemsused by humans and animals.A. functionB. design featuresC. importanceD. performance7. the main source of energy for speaking, initiating the airflowfor speech, hence pulmonic airstream mechanism.A. MouthB. HeartC. NoseD. Lung8. The phones that can be grouped together as variants of one phonemehave to be similarA. phoneticallyB. phonologicallyC. soundD. seem9. morpheme is a morpheme that contributes to the lexical meaningof the word.A. FunctionalB. LexicalC. GrammaticalD. Performative10. According to , language determines the framework of speaker’sperception and thought.A. Sapir-Whorf HypothesisB. Positivist theoryC. Use theoryD. Speech Acts theory 参考答案1-5 C A D A B 6-10 B D AB AIII. Define each of the following terms. (30 points, 6 points for each)1. pragmatics考核知识点：pragmatics，参见P352. semantics考核知识点：semantics，参见P283. phonology考核知识点：phonology，参见P154. linguistics考核知识点：linguistics，参见P105. syntax考核知识点：syntax，参见P22Answer the following questions. (35 points)1. What is psycholinguistics?考核知识点：psycholinguistics，参见P48参考答案要点：Psycholinguistics is the study of the relation between language and mind，especially language acquisition and learning，and language comprehension and production．2. What’s the difference between free morpheme and bound morpheme?考核知识点：free morpheme and bound morpheme，参见P20参考答案要点：Morpheme may also be classified according to their role in word formation．Inflectional morpheme is a bound morpheme that shows the inflectional changes of the wordand that expresses a certain grammatical meaning．Most of inflectional morphemes in English arerealized through their allomorphs，e．g．{past tense}-->一ed,一d，…An inflectional morpheme doesnot change the grammatical class ofthe word，e．g．{change)change is a verb，and{change)+{pasttense)is still a verb．Derivational morpheme is a morpheme that is added to a word to forma new word．Derivational morpheme may be a bound morpheme such as affixes，but it may also be a freemorpheme such as those used to form a compound．There are six key terms used in derivational3. Explain pidgin and creole with some examples.考核知识点：pidgin and creole，参见P43参考答案要点：Pidgin refers to a kind of lingua franca which is also known as“marginal language”．It has areduced grammatical structure，lexicon and stylistic range and has no native speakers．Theformation of a pidgin usually involves two or more speech communities and requiresconsiderable motivation on the part of the speaker．Pidgin usually flourishes in areas of economic development and of substantial trading among different speech communities．Pidgin English used in trading among the English and the Chinese in Shanghai in the old days．Pidgin English used in Asia in trading includes elements from Malay,Chinese and Portuguese．Creole refers to the pidgin which has developed from a mixture oflanguages and expanded in its vocabulary,grammar and stylistic range，which has acquired its own native speakers and assumed an equal or similar status ofanyhumannatural language．。
福师《语言学概论》在线作业一 现代语言学建立于十九世纪初 以 的产生为标志
语言学概论1 单选题1 现代语言学建立于十九世纪初，以（）的产生为标志。
CA 结构主义语言学B 转换-生成语言学C 历史比较语言学D 共时语言学2 “闻”的音节如何拼写？（） CA wen--w u e nB wen--w e nC wen--u e nD wen--w u e i n.3 世界上的语种中使用人口最多的是： BA 英语B 汉语C 俄语D 法语4 语言学概论这门课就属于： BA 历时语言学B 普通语言学C 共时语言学5 元音和辅音的本质区别在于： AA 发音时气流是否受阻B 紧张与否C 气流强弱D 舌位高低6 下列选项中属于派生词的是： AA 阿哥B 语言C 电灯D 是非7 借词“苏打（soda 英）”的形成通过下面途径： AA 音译B 音译加意译C 半音译半意译D 意译8 “骄”，原指高大健壮的马，现成为表“自高自大”义的语素。
这属于：CA 词义的扩大B 词义的缩小C 词义的转移D 词义的增加9 普通话中的“好”用国际音标记为（）。
BA [ hɑo ]C [ hɑu ]D [ xɑo ]10 研究某个具体语言的语音，即研究某一种语言或某一种方言的语音情况的的语音学是： BA 普通语音学B 专语语音学C 历史语音学D 实验语音学2 多选题1 变换常使用的手段： A B C DA 移位B 添加C 删减D 替代2 地域方言是同一个民族语言里的地域分支，它的形成有三个具体原因：A B CA 地理条件B 社会政治经济历史等因素C 语言系统内部的变化D 社会内部不同年龄、性别、职业、阶级、阶层的人们在语言使用上表现出来的一些变异3 洋泾浜语的特点是： A B C DA 语法较为简单C 语音也因受当地语言系统的影响而大走样D 词汇量也有限4 文字发展的几种趋向： A B C DA 体系完善化的趋向B 构形符号化的趋向C 笔画简便化的趋向D 体制的表音化趋向5 中国古代的小学是指： A B CA 文字学B 音韵学C 训诂学D 语法学6 语言符号在创制过程中带有： A BA 任意性B 强制性C 稳定性D 可变性7 汉语语音审美形态主要表现在文学语言，具体表现在以下方面： A B CDA 均衡美B 错落美C 抑扬美D 回环美A 人类语言具有单位明晰性特点B 人类语言的音义结合具有任意性特点C 人类语言是一种开放系统D 人类语言具有结构的二层性9 基本词汇的三个特点是： A B CA 稳固性B 能产性C 全民常用性D 变动性10 文字与语言的差异性： A B C DA 语言是第一性的，文字是第二性的B 语言是社会必需的交际工具，没有语言，社会就会存在。
奥鹏2020年6月福师《现代汉语(一)》在线作业一_2.doc
1.下列词汇中不属于重叠式的合成词是（）A.爷爷B.妹妹C.星星D.绿油油【参考答案】: D2.现代汉民族共同语，以____为语法规范。
A.白话文著作B.古文著作C.典范的古典文献著作D.典范的现代白话文著作【参考答案】: D3.“刃”的造字法是____A.象形B.指事C.会意D.形声【参考答案】: B4.____是语音中用来区别意义的最重要的要素。
A.音高B.音强C.音长D.音色【参考答案】: D5.下列选项中对“薄膜”的韵母分析正确的是____：A.舌面、央、低、不圆唇元音B.舌面、后、半高、圆唇元音C.舌面、后、半高、不圆唇元音D.舌面、前、半低、不圆唇元音【参考答案】: B6.下列不属于译音加意译的词是（）A.幽默B.引擎C.逻辑D.绷带【参考答案】: C7.同义词在色彩方面的差别主要表现在____A.感情色彩不同B.表现重点不同C.范围大小不同D.语意轻重不同【参考答案】: A8.根据形成阻碍和解除阻碍的方式不同将普通话声母分为五类，z，c，zh，ch，j，q属于____A.塞音B.擦音C.塞擦音D.边音【参考答案】: C9.“正”，表示垂直或符合标准方向时，反义词为____A.“歪”B.“侧、偏”C.“反”D.“误”【参考答案】: A10.____是语音结构的基本单位，也是自然感到的最小的语音片段。
A.音素B.音节C.声母D.韵母【参考答案】: B11.谚语涉及的范围很广，内容非常丰富，具体包括____A.有寓含哲理的B.有讲工作方法的C.有勉励人勤奋的D.口语常常运用【参考答案】: ABC12.轻声决定于____A.音强B.音高C.音长D.音色【参考答案】: AC13.《汉字简化字总表》包括以下几种简化方法____A.同音代替B.换用简单的符号C.保留特征或轮廓D.构成新的形声字或会意字【参考答案】: ABCD14.根据词根和词缀的不同组合情况，合成词的构造方式可以分为以下几种：____A.复合式B.附加式C.重叠式D.合成式【参考答案】: ABC15.汉语外来词根据吸收方式的不同，可以分为以下几类：____A.译音词B.译音兼译意词C.译音加译意词D.字母词【参考答案】: ABCD16.下列选项中关于熟语的说法正确的是____A.是词汇的重要组成部分B.内容丰富，形式精练C.从结构上看，它是词组D.很有表现力，为人们喜闻乐道【参考答案】: ABCD17.笔画组合方式有____A.相离B.相接C.相交D.相合【参考答案】: ABC18.色彩义是附属于理性义上的，也可称做附属义。
福师1203考试批次《现代语言学》复习题及参考答案
福师1203考试批次《现代语言学》复习题及参考答案一本课程复习题所提供的答案仅供学员在复习过程中参考之用，有问题请到课程论坛提问本复习题页码标注所用教材为：教材名称单价作者版本出版社现代语言学教程孙丽红如学员使用其他版本教材，请参考相关知识点1.Sometimes bound morphemes can be used by themselves.2.There is a three-word sentence stage in first language acquisition.3. A simple sentence consists of a single clause which contains asubject and a predicate and stands alone as its own sentence. 4. A locutionary act is the act of conveying literal meaning by meansof syntax, lexicon, and phonology.nguage is entirely arbitrary.6.The naming theory of meaning was proposed by the ancient Greekscholar Plato.pounding is the addition of affixes to stems to form new words.8.All utterances take the form of sentences.9.Suffixes modify the meaning of the original word and in many cases change itspart of speech.10.The most basic element of meaning is traditionally called morpheme.II. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement.(1.5*10=15)1.The pharynx refers to the space of cavity between the larynx and theend of ____.A. tongueB. hard palateC. soft palateD. vocal cords2.Morphemes that represent “tense”, “number”, “gender”,“case” and so forth are called ____ morphemes.A. inflectionalB. boundC. freeD. derivational3. The fact that ability to speak a language is transmitted fromgeneration to generation by a process of learning, and not genetically is usually referred to as ____.A. performanceB. language acquisitionC. cultural transmissionD. competence4. The sound [s] and [z] are the results of air escaping under fricationbetween tongue and ____ before passing through the teeth.A. hard palateB. uvulaC. alveolar ridgeD. soft palate5.____ deals with language application to other fields, particularlyeducation.A. Linguistic geographyB. Applied linguisticsC. SociolinguisticsD. Comparative linguistics6. Vowels that are produced between the positions for a front and backvowel are called ____ vowels.A. openB. closeC. frontD. central7、______ is defined as a conscious process of accumulatingknowledge of a second language usually obtained in schoolsettings.A. CompetenceB. PerformanceC. LearningD. Acquisition8、______ act theory is an important theory in the pragmaticstudy of language.A. SpeakingB. SpeechC. SoundD. Spoken9. A ______ analysis of an utterance will reveal what thespeaker intends to do with it.A. semanticB. syntacticC. pragmaticD. grammatical10.The most basic element of meaning is traditionally callen______A. morphemeB. syntacticC. pragmaticD. grammaticalIII. Dissect the following words into morphemes. (2*5=10)1. though _______________ _______考核知识点：morpheme，参见P19-222. speeches _________________ _____ 考核知识点：morpheme，参见P19-223. geography ___________ ___________ 考核知识点：morpheme，参见P19-224、morpheme___________ ___________ 考核知识点：morpheme，参见P19-225、syntactic___________ ___________ 考核知识点：morpheme，参见P19-22IV. Define the following terms. (5*6=30)1. the telegraphic stage考核知识点：language acquisition，参见P482. language考核知识点：language ，参见P33. discreteness考核知识点：discreteness参见P94. vowel考核知识点：vowel，参见P145. internal structure考核知识点：internal structure，参见P22V. Answer the following questions. (15*2=30)1. Why do we say language is arbitrary?考核知识点：arbitrary，参见P5参考答案要点：Arbitrariness in narrow sense refers to the lack of physical，logical or natural connection(i．e．the inexplicability of the relationship)between individual linguistic symbols and the meanings they symbolize．We know people use linguistic symbols which are originally meaningless to refer to something meaningful．There is no physical，’logical or natural connection between the symbolic signs used in language and the meaning they stand for．It is inexplicable．Wecan’t explain why the English people use‘'water'’to refer to the stuff in this bottle．Similarly,we can’t explain why the Chinese people use“水”to refer to the stuff．So language is arbitrary in nature．2. What’s the difference between langue and parole?考核知识点：langue and parole，参见P3-10参考答案要点：Language is full ofvarieties：no two speakers speak in an identical manner；no two speakers have an identical learning experience．Language consists in its varieties，that is to say,language is realized through its varieties(cp．the relation．between fruit and apple，between phoneme and allophones and phones and between langue and parole．福师1203考试批次《现代语言学》复习题及参考答案二本课程复习题所提供的答案仅供学员在复习过程中参考之用，有问题请到课程论坛提问本复习题页码标注所用教材为：教材名称单价作者版本出版社现代语言学教程孙丽红如学员使用其他版本教材，请参考相关知识点I. Decide whether each statement is true (T) or false (F). (15 points, 1.5 points for each)1、Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language..2、Language is not only linearly-structured.3、Linguistic performance is essentially a social phenomenon and also a context-dependent behavior.4、General linguistics studies the basic concepts, theories,5、descriptions, models and methods applicable are not in any linguistic study.6、Some languages are not superior to other languages.7、Compounding is the addition of affixes to stems to form new words.8、 Not all utterances take the form of sentences.9、Morphemes modify the meaning of the original word and in many cases change its part of speech.10、The most basic element of meaning is traditionally called morphe.参考答案：1-5 F T F T F 6-10 T F T T FII. Choose the ONE choice that best completes each statement. (20 points, 2 points for each)1.Whcih of the following best states the behaviorist view of child languageacquisition?_______.A. Language acquisition is a process of habit formationB. Language acquisition is the species-specific property of human beingsC. Children are born with an innate ability to acquire languageD. Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use参考答案B2.The pair of words "lend"and "borrow"are ___.A.gradable oppositesB.relational oppositesC.co-hyponymsD.synonyms参考答案B3. The discovery of Indo-European language family began with the work of theBritish scholar .A.Jacob GrimmB.Rasmus RaskC.Franz BoppD.Sir William Jones参考答案D4. A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as __.A.unusualB.something to be fearedC.abnormalD.natural参考答案D5. __produce fast and fluent speech with good intonation and pronunciation but thecontent of their speech ranges from mildly inappropriate to complete nonsense,often as unintelligible.A.Broca"s aphasicB.The linguistic deprivationC.The damage on the angular gyrusD.Wernicke"s aphasic参考答案D6.Some Southern learners of English in China tend to say "night" as "light".Thisshows: .A.They cannot pronounce/n/B. Interlangue interference because there is notthe sound /n/in their mothertongueC.The teachers do not have a good teaching methodD.They do not like to pronounce nasal sounds参考答案B7.. A word with several meanings is called __word.A.a polysemousB.a synonymousC.an abnormalD.a multiple参考答案A8.. The function of the sentence "A nice day, isn"t it?"is __.rmativeB.phaticC.directiveD.performative参考答案B9. The most recognizable differences between American English and BritishEnglish are in __ and vocabulary.ageB.grammarC.pronunciationD.structure参考答案C10. __deals with the way in which a language varies through geographical space.A.Linguistic geographyB.LexicologyC.LexicographyD.Sociolinguistics参考答案AIII. Define each of the following terms. (30 points, 6 points for each)1. phonetics考核知识点：phonetics，参见P122. phoneme考核知识点：phoneme，参见P163. stress考核知识点：stress，参见P174.reference考核知识点：reference，参见P355. idiolect考核知识点：idiolect，参见P41Answer the following questions. (35 points)1. How, in your opinion, does pragmatics differ from semantics?考核知识点：pragmatics and semantics，参见P28-35参考答案要点：Pragmatics is the study of the meaning which is not included in semantics and whose interpretation is dependent on its social contexts．Semantics is the science of meaning．Semantics is concemed t11 encoding and decoding of meaning，(finding out how people encode their meaning and how people try to interpret their meaning)，identifying and classifying meanings，lexical meaning，sentential meaning，and utterance2. What’s the difference between sense and reference?考核知识点：sense and reference，参见P35参考答案要点：There are two different meanings of meaning：sense(the meaning that relates linguistic forms with what is in the non．1inguistic world)and reference(the meaning that lies in the relation or contrasts among linguistic forms themselves，i．e．how the meanings are divided by the different linguistic forms／how different linguistic forms may be used to express meanings)．3. Explain language production with some examples.考核知识点：language production，参见P51参考答案要点：Language production is more difficult to study than language comprehension for the following reasons：the way thoughts are turned into speech(We don’t know how thoughts are turned intospeech．)；indirect approach through analyzing errors in speech production(We can only use this indirect approach to infer from these errors how we produce speech．)Following Carroll’s model of speech production,there are four stages：construction of thought to be expressed(You must have something in your mind to be expressed)，formation ofthought into linguistic forms(When you have some thought,you should turn it into linguistic forms)，construction of a motor command for the utterance(You need to prepare the command for the speech organs to speak)，execution ofthat motor command(You’re actually saying what you want to say)．福师1203考试批次《现代语言学》复习题及参考答案三本课程复习题所提供的答案仅供学员在复习过程中参考之用，有问题请到课程论坛提问本复习题页码标注所用教材为：教材名称单价作者版本出版社现代语言学教程孙丽红如学员使用其他版本教材，请参考相关知识点I. Decide whether each statement is true (T) or false (F). (15 points, 1.5 points for each)11.Sometimes bound morphemes can be used by themselves.12.There is a three-word sentence stage in first language acquisition.13.A simple sentence consists of a single clause which contains asubject and a predicate and stands alone as its own sentence. 14.A locutionary act is the act of conveying literal meaning by meansof syntax, lexicon, and phonology.nguage is entirely arbitrary.16.Articulatory phonetics that studies speech sounds from a physicalpoint of view, focusing on their physical properties in transmission.17.In speech sound production, lower part of the oral cavity arerelatively stable and function as a foil to the upper part in its articulatory movements.18.Consonants are sounds made by a closure or narrowing somewhere inthe vocal tract.19.Stress may play different functions in different languages.20.Affixation changes the grammatical class of the word.参考答案1-5 F T F T F 6-10 F F T T FII. Choose the ONE choice that best completes each statement. (20 points, 2 points for each)3.The pharynx refers to the space of cavity between the larynx and theend of ______.A. tongueB. hard palateC. soft palateD. vocal cords4.Morphemes that represent “tense”, “number”, “gender”,“case” and so forth are called ______ morphemes.A. inflectionalB. boundC. freeD. derivational3. The fact that ability to speak a language is transmitted fromgeneration to generation by a process of learning, and not genetically is usually referred to as ______.A. performanceB. language acquisitionC. cultural transmissionD. competence4. The sound [s] and [z] are the results of air escaping under fricationbetween tongue and ______ before passing through the teeth.A. hard palateB. uvulaC. alveolar ridgeD. soft palate6.______ deals with language application to other fields, particularlyeducation.A. Linguistic geographyB. Applied linguisticsC. SociolinguisticsD. Comparative linguistics6. Language has that distinguish it from other semiotic systemsused by humans and animals.A. functionB. design featuresC. importanceD. performance7. the main source of energy for speaking, initiating the airflowfor speech, hence pulmonic airstream mechanism.A. MouthB. HeartC. NoseD. Lung8. The phones that can be grouped together as variants of one phonemehave to be similarA. phoneticallyB. phonologicallyC. soundD. seem9. morpheme is a morpheme that contributes to the lexical meaningof the word.A. FunctionalB. LexicalC. GrammaticalD. Performative10. According to , language determines the framework of speaker’sperception and thought.A. Sapir-Whorf HypothesisB. Positivist theoryC. Use theoryD. Speech Acts theory参考答案1-5 C A D A B 6-10 B D AB AIII. Define each of the following terms. (30 points, 6 points for each)1. pragmatics考核知识点：pragmatics，参见P352. semantics考核知识点：semantics，参见P283. phonology考核知识点：phonology，参见P154. linguistics考核知识点：linguistics，参见P105. syntax考核知识点：syntax，参见P22Answer the following questions. (35 points)1. What is psycholinguistics?考核知识点：psycholinguistics，参见P48参考答案要点：Psycholinguistics is the study of the relation between language and mind，especially language acquisition and learning，and language comprehension and production．2. What’s the difference between free morpheme and bound morpheme?考核知识点：free morpheme and bound morpheme，参见P20参考答案要点：Morpheme may also be classified according to their role in word formation．Inflectional morpheme is a bound morpheme that shows the inflectional changes of the wordand that expresses a certain grammatical meaning．Most of inflectional morphemes in English arerealized through their allomorphs，e．g．{past tense}-->一ed,一d，…An inflectional morpheme doesnot change the grammatical class ofthe word，e．g．{change)change is a verb，and{change)+{pasttense)is still a verb．Derivational morpheme is a morpheme that is added to a word to form a new word．Derivational morpheme may be a bound morpheme such as affixes，but it may also be a freemorpheme such as those used to form a compound．There are six key terms used in derivational3. Explain pidgin and creole with some examples.考核知识点：pidgin and creole，参见P43参考答案要点：Pidgin refers to a kind of lingua franca which is also known as“marginal language”．It has areduced grammatical structure，lexicon and stylistic range and has no native speakers．Theformation of a pidgin usually involves two or more speech communities and requires considerable motivation on the part of the speaker．Pidgin usually flourishes in areas of economic development and of substantial trading among different speech communities．Pidgin English used in trading among the English and the Chinese in Shanghai in the old days．Pidgin English used in Asia in trading includes elements from Malay,Chinese and Portuguese．Creole refers to the pidgin which has developed from a mixture oflanguages and expanded in its vocabulary,grammar and stylistic range，which has acquired its own native speakers and assumed an equal orsimilar status ofanyhumannatural language．11。
福师《现代语言学》在线作业一15秋答案
——————选择：D13. ( ) is the study of the structure and the formation of words in language.A. PhoneticsB. PhonologyC. MorphologyD. Dialectology
——————选择：C14. 'Productivity is characterised by the feature of ( ).A. ArbitrarinessB. Genetic-cultural transmissionC. Non-arbitrarinessD. Duality
——————选择：B2. ( ) refers to a variety of language which is appropriate for a particular situationA. registerB. StyleC. genreD. Form
——————选择：B3. Which h of the following disciplines doen't belong to micro-linguistics?A. PhoneticsB. PhonologyC. MorphologyD. Dialectology
——————选择：B6. 'Language has（）that distinguish it from other semiotic systems used by humans and animals.A. functionB. design featuresC. importanceD. performance
福师20春《现代汉语(一)》在线作业一答案
(单选题)1: 下列词汇中不属于重叠式的合成词是（）
A: 爷爷
B: 妹妹
C: 星星
D: 绿油油
正确答案: D
(单选题)2: 现代汉民族共同语，以____为语法规范。
A: 白话文著作
B: 古文著作
C: 典范的古典文献著作
D: 典范的现代白话文著作
正确答案: D
(单选题)3: “刃”的造字法是____
A: 象形
B: 指事
C: 会意
D: 形声
正确答案: B
(单选题)4: ____是语音中用来区别意义的最重要的要素。
A: 音高
B: 音强
C: 音长
D: 音色
正确答案: D
(单选题)5: 下列选项中对“薄膜”的韵母分析正确的是____：A: 舌面、央、低、不圆唇元音
B: 舌面、后、半高、圆唇元音
C: 舌面、后、半高、不圆唇元音
D: 舌面、前、半低、不圆唇元音
正确答案: B
(单选题)6: 下列不属于译音加意译的词是（）
A: 幽默
B: 引擎
C: 逻辑
D: 绷带
正确答案: C
(单选题)7: 同义词在色彩方面的差别主要表现在____
A: 感情色彩不同。
福师《语言学概论》在线作业一 答案
福师《语言学概论》在线作业一一、单选题（共10 道试题，共20 分。
）1. 与“看电影”相同组合类型的短语是（）。
A. 看一本B. 看一回C. 看一次D. 看一遍正确答案：A2. “骄”，原指高大健壮的马，现成为表“自高自大”义的语素。
这属于：A. 词义的扩大B. 词义的缩小C. 词义的转移D. 词义的增加正确答案：C3. “闻”的音节如何拼写？（）A. wen--w u e nB. wen--w e nC. wen--u e nD. wen--w u e i n.正确答案：C4. 下列选项中属于偏正式的是：A. 眼花B. 脸红C. 地震D. 雪白正确答案：D5. “嘴”，本指身体的口，后来变为指一切动物的口(甚至比喻一切事物的出入部分,如“茶壶嘴”。
)，这属于：A. 词义的扩大B. 词义的缩小C. 词义的转移D. 词义的增加正确答案：A6. 语音的本质属性是：A. 生理属性B. 物理属性C. 心理属性D. 社会属性正确答案：D7. 组合规则的发展主要表现为：A. 形态的改变B. 语法范畴的消长C. 词类的发展D. 语序的变化正确答案：D8. 研究某个具体语言的语音，即研究某一种语言或某一种方言的语音情况的的语音学是：A. 普通语音学B. 专语语音学C. 历史语音学D. 实验语音学正确答案：B9. 北京话“友好”中的“友”实际读音声调是阳平，这种现象属于语流音变中的( )。
A. 同化B. 异化C. 弱化D. 脱落正确答案：B10. 语言中，（）是发展速度最快的部分。
A. 一般词汇B. 语音C. 语法D. 基本词汇正确答案：A福师《语言学概论》在线作业一二、多选题（共22 道试题，共44 分。
）1. 形态学分类法根据语法结构特点把人类语言分为：A. 孤立语B. 屈折语C. 粘着语D. 复综语正确答案：ABCD2. 洋泾浜语的特点是：A. 语法较为简单B. 规则减少到最低限度C. 语音也因受当地语言系统的影响而大走样D. 词汇量也有限正确答案：ABCD3. 人类语言和所谓动物“语言”的区别：A. 人类语言具有单位明晰性特点B. 人类语言的音义结合具有任意性特点C. 人类语言是一种开放系统D. 人类语言具有结构的二层性正确答案：ABCD4. 洋泾浜是语言接触中的一种畸形的语言现象。
15春福师《现代汉语(一)》在线作业一试卷(最新)
15春福师《现代汉语(一)》在线作业一一、单选题（共10 道试题，共20 分。
）V 1. 音素是从____的角度划分出来的。
A. 音高B. 音强C. 音长D. 音色满分：2 分2. ____是语音中用来区别意义的最重要的要素。
A. 音高B. 音强C. 音长D. 音色满分：2 分3. 现代汉民族共同语，以____为语法规范。
A. 白话文著作B. 古文著作C. 典范的古典文献著作D. 典范的现代白话文著作满分：2 分4. “正”，表示垂直或符合标准方向时，反义词为____A. “歪”B. “侧、偏”C. “反”D. “误”满分：2 分5. “刃”的造字法是____：A. 象形B. 指事C. 会意D. 形声满分：2 分6. 一般说来，区别同义词应注意____方面的差别。
A. 意义方面的差别B. 色彩方面的差别C. 语法功能方面的差别D. 语法结构方面的差别满分：2 分7. ____兴于汉末，盛行于魏晋，一直沿用到今天，是通用时间最长的标准字体。
A. 金文B. 篆书C. 隶书D. 楷书满分：2 分8. 现代汉语的七大主要方言区中，分布地域最广，使用人口最多的是____A. 北方方言B. 吴方言C. 湘方言D. 赣方言满分：2 分9. 高升调的调值是____：A. 55B. 214C. 35D. 51满分：2 分10. 下列选项中对“标兵”的声母描写正确的是____A. 双唇、不送气、清、塞音B. 双唇、送气、清、塞音C. 双唇、浊、鼻音D. 唇齿、清、擦音满分：2 分二、多选题（共20 道试题，共40 分。
）V 1. 现代汉语词汇基本成分是词，也包括其性质作用大致相当于词的熟语，如____A. 成语B. 谚语C. 歇后语D. 惯用语满分：2 分2. 词义具有____等几个性质。
A. 概括性B. 模糊性C. 民族性D. 任意性满分：2 分3. 下列字中是会意字的是____：A. 吠B. 林C. 末D. 寸满分：2 分4. 词义具有____等几个性质。
福师10春学期《现代汉语(一)》在线作业一【附答案】
福师10春学期《现代汉语（一）》在线作业一一、单选题（共 10 道试题，共 20 分。
）1. 以下不属于译音词的是____A. 雷达B. 戈壁C. 扑克D. √啤酒满分：2 分2. ____是语音中用来区别意义的最重要的要素。
A. 音高B. 音强C. 音长D. √音色满分：2 分3. “伞”的造字法是____A. √象形B. 指事C. 会意D. 形声满分：2 分4. 现代汉字系统以____为主。
A. 象形字B. 指示字C. 会意字D. √形声字满分：2 分5. 下列词汇中不属于重叠式的合成词是____A. 爷爷C. 星星D. √绿油油满分：2 分6. 高升调的调值是____A. 55B. 214C. √35D. 51满分：2 分7. 发音时，气流受到阻碍的位置叫做发音部位。
从发音部位上说，d，t，n，l属于____A. 舌面音B. 舌尖前音C. 舌尖后音D. √舌尖中音满分：2 分8. 音素是从____的角度划分出来的。
A. 音高B. 音强C. 音长D. √音色满分：2 分9. ____是语音结构的基本单位，也是自然感到的最小的语音片段。
A. 音素B. √音节C. 声母满分：2 分10. 前一词根表示被陈述的对象，后一词根表示陈述的情况。
这类合成词的构造方式称为____A. 偏正型B. 动宾型C. 动补型D. √主谓型满分：2 分二、多选题（共 20 道试题，共 40 分。
）1. 一般说来，同义词存在以下三个方面的差别：____A. √意义方面的差别B. √色彩方面的差别C. √语法功能方面的差别D. 基本义方面的差别满分：2 分2. 根据词的不同内部结构，可以将词分为____A. √单纯词B. √合成词C. 单音节词D. 双音节词满分：2 分3. 下列选项中属于动宾型合成词的是____A. √理事B. √举重C. √司令D. √冒险满分：2 分4. 下列字中是形声字的是____A. 休B. 从C. √姨D. √案满分：2 分5. 词义演变的方式主要有三种：____A. √扩大B. √缩小C. √转移D. 同化满分：2 分6. 笔顺是指笔画的书定先后顺序。
福师《现代语言学》在线作业及答案2017
一、单选题（共 25 道试题，共 50 分。
）1. 'The transformational generative grammar was proposed by ( ).A. Noam ChomskyB. JacobsonC. HalidayD. Nida满分：2 分2. ( ) is the study of the relation between language and mind, especially languageacquisition and learning, and language comprehension and prod uction.A. PragmaticsB. PhonologyC. DialectologyD. Psycholinguistics满分：2 分3. ( )the main source of energy for speaking, initiating the airflow for speech, hencepulmonic airstream mechanism.A. MouthB. HeartC. NoseD. Lung满分：2 分4. ( )of language refers to the property of language in having the structure of two levels.A. ArbitrarinessB. Genetic-cultural transmissionC. Non-arbitrarinessD. Duality5. Phonemes in contrast are differentiated and related by their ( ).A. perfomationB. featureC. functionD. distinctive feature满分：2 分6. ( ) is the first stressed syllable in the tone-unit.A. pre-headB. headC. nuclear tailD. nucleus满分：2 分7. In the tree diagram ( ) is the point from which two or more lines descend.A. NodeB. Initial nodeC. BranchingD. Intermediate node满分：2 分8. ( ) is the bit of spoken or written language that is produced and sent to the receiver ina specific context.A. WordB. SentenceC. UtteranceD. Morpheme满分：2 分9. 'Language has （）that distinguish it from other semiotic systems used by humansand animals.A. functionB. design featuresC. importanceD. performance满分：2 分10. ( ) is the study of the structure and the formation of words in language.A. PhoneticsB. PhonologyC. MorphologyD. Dialectology满分：2 分11. Which h of the following disciplines doen't belong to micro-linguistics?A. PhoneticsB. PhonologyC. MorphologyD. Dialectology满分：2 分12. ( ) is the study of speech, focusing specially on the relation between discourse andits contexts.A. PragmaticsB. Discourse analysisC. DialectologyD. Morphology满分：2 分13. ( ) morpheme is a morpheme that contributes to the lexical meaning of the word.A. FunctionalB. LexicalC. GrammaticalD. Performative满分：2 分14. ( ) is the science that studies soundsA. PhoneticsB. PhonologyC. MorphologyD. Dialectology满分：2 分1 5. ( ) reference refers to the reference where the presupposed occurs in the textbefore the word or expression that is presupposing.A. ExophoricB. AnaphoricC. EndophoricD. Cataphoric满分：2 分16. A ( ) is one that may be used to distinguish one speech sound from another.A. perfomationB. featureC. distinctive featureD. function满分：2 分17. ( ) are a group of words and expressions that refer to the personal, temporal orspatial characteristics of the context within which a text is produced.A. NounsB. AdjectivesC. VerbsD. Deictics满分：2 分18. ( ) is the study of the meaning which is not included in semantics and whoseinterpretation is dependent on its social contexts.A. PragmaticsB. PhonologyC. DialectologyD. Morphology满分：2 分19. '（）is a morphological variant of morpheme.A. AllomorphB. WordC. SegmentD. Morph满分：2 分20. <font face="Arial">（）studies the ways words are combined to form sentences ina language .</font>A. PhoneticsB. PhonologyC. MorphologyD. Syntax满分：2 分21. ( ) is the study of the various aspects of the relation between language on the onehand and speakers and society on the other.A. PragmaticsB. SociolinguisticsC. SyntaxD. Semantics满分：2 分22. 'Collocation (p. 261) refers to the juxtaposition of two elements which aresemantically in opposition (or complementary) to each otherA. CollocationB. ReiterationC. Lexical cohesionD. Coherence满分：2 分23. ( ) is the science that studies how speech sounds are used in language to conveymeanings.A. PhoneticsB. PhonologyC. MorphologyD. Dialectology满分：2 分24. '( ) refers to the sameness in meaning between two or more words.A. SynonymyB. PolysemyC. HomonymyD. Antonymy满分：2 分满分：2 分25. 'The locutionary act ( ) refers to the act of saying something meaningful in aparticular languageA. illocutionary actB. locutionary actC. perlocutionary act满分：2 分二、判断题（共 25 道试题，共 50 分。
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福师《现代语言学》在线作业一-0002
试卷总分:100 得分:0
一、单选题(共25 道试题,共50 分)
1.( ) is the study of speech, focusing specially on the relation between discourse and its contexts.
A.Pragmatics
B.Discourse analysis
C.Dialectology
D.Morphology
正确答案:B
2.( ) is the science that studies how speech sounds are used in language to convey meanings.
A.Phonetics
B.Phonology
C.Morphology
D.Dialectology
正确答案:B
3.The transformational generative grammar was proposed by ( ).
A.Noam Chomsky
B.Jacobson
C.Haliday
D.Nida
正确答案:A
4.（）refers to the juxtaposition of two elements which are semantically in opposition (or complementary) to each other
A.Collocation
B.Reiteration
C.Lexical cohesion
D.Coherence
正确答案:A
5.A ( ) is one that may be used to distinguish one speech sound from another.
A.perfomation
B.feature
C.distinctive feature
D.function
正确答案:C
nguage has （）that distinguish it from other semiotic systems used by humans and animals.
A.function
B.design features
C.importance
D.performance
正确答案:B
7.( ) refers to a variety of language which is appropriate for a particular situation
A.register
B.Style
C.genre
D.Form
正确答案:B
8.Which h of the following disciplines doen't belong to micro-linguistics?
A.Phonetics
B.Phonology
C.Morphology
D.Dialectology
正确答案:D
9.'The transformational generative grammar was proposed by ( ).
A.Noam Chomsky
B.Jacobson
C.Haliday
D.Nida
正确答案:A
10.( ) refers to the speed of speech.
A.Loudness
B.Stress
C.Tempo
D.Tone
正确答案:C
11.( ) is the study of the various aspects of the relation between language on the one hand and speakers and society on the other.
A.Pragmatics。