最新初中英语被动语态专项讲解教程文件

初中英语被动语态专项讲解一、语态概述语态是动词的一种形式，表示句子之中主语和谓语动词的关系。

英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态主动语态表示主语是动作的发出者（或执行者）eg ：Many people speak Chinese.谓语：speak 的动作是由主语many people 来执行的。

被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。

eg ：Chinese is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak 的承受者。

二、被动语态的构成被动语态由“_________＋________________________”构成。

人称、数和时态的变化是通过______的变化表现出来的。

(被动语态的否定式和疑问式均由助动词或第一个助动词构成。

)各种时态的被动语态构成：1.一般现在时：am ／is ／are ＋及物动词的过去分词Eg ：I'm asked to take care of myself.Football is played all over the world2.一般过去时：was ／were ＋及物动词的过去分词Eg ：This house was built in 1958.His leg was broken in an accident.3.一般将来时：will ／shall be ＋及物动词的过去分词Eg ：More factories will be built in our city.He will be taken to hospital tomorrow.4.现在进行时：am ／is ／are being ＋及物动词的过去分词. Eg ： A road is being built around the mountain.Many new houses are being built in this city5.过去进行时：was/were being ＋及物动词的过去分词Eg ：The meeting was being held when I was there.We were being trained this time last year.6.现在完成时：have ／has been ＋及物动词的过去分词Eg ：His book has been translated into many foreign languages.The prices of many goods have been cut again .7.过去完成时：had been + 及物动词的过去分词Eg ：A new school had been set up by the end of last year.8.含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词Eg ：The rubbish can be put into the dustbin over there.用动词show 的被动语态填空1). I know a new film_____________ at the cinema every week ．2). I know a new film _____________ at the cinema lastweek ．3). I know a new film _____________ at the cinema these days ．4). I know a new film ___________ at the cinema at eight last night ．5). I know a new film _____________ at the cinema recently ．6). I know a new film _____________ at the cinema in two day ．7). I know a new film___________ at the cinema by the endof lastweek ．三、主动语态变被动语态的方法：1.把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

2.把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。

3.把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。

He plant trees in spring .Trees are planted by him in spring.主动语态变被动语态口诀：宾语提前主语变，原主变宾by后见，时态人称be关键。

All the people laughed at him. →He was laughed at by all people.They make the bikes in the factory.→The bikes are made by them in the factory.He cut down a tree. → A tree was cut down by him.※注意：1). 间接宾语前需要加for的动词，buy ,sing ,catch ,find ,get,drw ,cook ,keep ,make，offer 等。

2).间接宾语前需要加to的动词，bring ,give ,pass ,hand ,leave ,show ,write ,take ,teach ,tell ,thow ,lend,send ,return等3). 如果复合宾语是由“宾语+不带to的动词不定式”构成，变为被动语态时，动词不定式前的to要补出来。

常见的这类动词有：一感（feel），二听（hear，listen to ）三让（let ,make ,have ）四看（watch ,see ,notice ,observe,+look at ）但动词为let时，to仍可省略。

Eg:1.The story made us laugh . →We were made to laugh by the story.2.The teacher let the little boy go home . →The little boy was let (to) go home .4). 短语动词的被动语态：一般说来，只有及物动词才有被动语态，但许多“不及物动词+副词或介词”构成的短语动词，相当于及物动词，也可以有被动语态，但变被动语态后，不可把介词或副词漏掉。

Eg：1.He turned on the radio just now. →The radio was turned on just now .2.They take good care of the babies . →The babies are taken care of.3.The look after the babies . →The babies are looked after .5). 宾语从句主动变被动，有两种改写方法：.用it做被动语态的形式主语，宾语从句保持不变.※宾语从句被动语态常用特殊句式：（据说……），"It is reported that …＂（据报道……），It is well known that …（众所周知……）"It is said that…＂It is supposed that（据推测说……），It is believed that…大家相信，It is hoped that…大家希望，It is thought that…大家认为，It is suggested that…据建议等等’。

eg:1.It is said that she is going to be married to a foreigner.据说她要嫁给一个外国人。

2.It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （＝The boy issaid to have passed the national exam. ）.将从句的主语改为被动语态的主语，从句的谓语部分变为不定式。

这时的动词不定式所用的形式要与原来的宾语从句保持一致。

Eg：They say that our teacher is busy these days . →It is said that our teacher is busy these days.Our teacher is said to be busy these days.6).如果原句宾语有后置定语修饰，变为被动语态时，应把后置修饰语随同宾语一同提前。

Eg：we clean the windows of our classroom every day . →The windows of our classroom are cleaned every day.7).by短语的取舍：当主动句中是who ，what ，which等做主语，变被动语态后句首的疑问词在句中的成分由原来的主语变为介词by的宾语，应注意介词by不能丢。

Eg：who wrote the book ? →who was the book written by ?四．可与被动语态连用的介词在被动语态的句子中，常用介词by引出动作的发出者，实际上同被动语态连用的介词除by以外还有很多。

1.表示谓语动词的动作是为谁或为何目的而发生的要用介词for。

(be used for sth /doing sth 被用于…被用于做…)Eg:1.This new bike was bought for you .2.Stamps are used for sending letters .2.表示动作发出者所使用的工具或强调状态时应用介词withEg：1.The trees were cut down with a knife .2.The bottle is filled with orange .3.表示“被作为…(发生)”应用介词as （be used as 被作为…使用）Eg：English is used as a first language in Canada.4.在be well-known 后应用介词to，表示“被…所熟知”Eg：The Great Wall is well-known to everyone in the world .5.在be made 后可用多个介词表示不同的意义1).be made in 表示“在某地制造”Eg：This Tv set is made in shanghai .2).be made of 和be made from 都可以表示“由…制成的”，但be made of 强调从制成品上可以看出原材料，be made from则表示从制成品上看不出原材料。