复合句总结和练习

复合句复合句指的是含有两个或更多的主谓结构的句子，其中有一个（或更多）主谓结构充当句子的某一（些）成分，如主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、同位语等。

主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句都属于复合句。

一、状语从句：状语从句，从句用作状语称为状语从句。

根据用途，状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、方式、让步、结果、目的等状语从句。

I. 时间状语从句时间状语从句表示时间，常用的关联词有when, until, as, after, before, once, since, as long as, whenever等等。

例: 1) When you cross a main road, you must be careful.(一般现在时)2) He went out to play football after he had finished his homework.（过去式）3) Wait until you are called. （祈使句）4) I was reading a book while he was singing a song.（过去进行时）II. 地点状语从句地点状语从句表示地点，常用的关联词有where, wherever, anywhere等。

例如：1) Put it where you found it.2) Sit down wherever you like. 随便坐III. 原因状语从句原因状语从句表示原因或理由，常用的关联词有because, as, since, in case等。

1) I eat ice-cream so much because I like sweet food.2) As I didn't know the way, I asked a policeman.IV. 条件状语从句条件状语从句表示真实的或现实的条件，引导从句所用的关联词有if, unless, suppose, in case(that), in the event (that), as (so) long as等等。

1) If it snows tomorrow, we will build a snowman.2)You'll be late, unless（除非） you hurry.V. 方式状语从句式状语从句方式状语从句是表示动作的方式，回答How的问题，常用关联词as, as if, as though, the way(that), in the way(that)等引导，一般置于主语之后。

1) Do as I say. I did just as you told me. 照我说的去做。

我就是照你说的去做的。

2) He acts as if/as though he is the owner. 他行为举止好象是这儿的主人似的。

VI. 让步状语从句让步状语从句表示“虽然、尽管、即使”等概念，使句子具有对比的因素。

常用的关联词有although, though, even if, even though, notthat(=although…not)等，置于主语之前或后。

1) Although you feel very ill right now, this is still a common disease.尽管你现在感觉不舒服，这还是一种很普遍的疾病。

VII. 结果状语从句结果状语从句表示结果，常由连词so…that, such(a/an)…that, so that, such that等引导，置于主语之后。

.1) The news worried him so much that he didn't sleep at all for the whole night.这个消息让让十分担心以至于他整晚都没睡着。

2) We arrived early, so that we got good seats.我们很早就到了，所以我们占到好位置了。

VIII. 目的状语从句目的状语从句表示目的，回答what for或 for what purpose的问题，常用关联so that,in order that等引导，一般置于主语之后。

目的状语从句中的谓语动词常由“情态动词(may,might,can,could,should,would)+动词原形”构成。

1) Ships carry lifeboats so that people can escape if the ship sinks.轮船载有救生船，如果船下沉人们就能逃跑。

2) They risk their lives in order that they may support their kids.他们冒着生命危险为了养育他们的孩子。

Ⅸ. 比较状语从句由than, as…as, not as(so)….as,the(+比较级)…..the (+比较级)等引导。

Today is not as warm as yesterday.今天不像昨天那么热。

He listens to the teacher more carefully than I .他听老师讲课比我更认真。

宾语从句由一个句子充当宾语，我们称之为宾语从句。

宾语从句的时态The teacher tells us that the earth goes round the sun.(一般现在时)I will tell him that his father brought him a gift just now when he comes back.(一般将来时)I wondered if Tom would come back.(一般过去时)三 . 定语从句Ⅰ概念:在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。

Ⅰ.定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that，which，who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where，when，why等。

Ⅱ.从句的谓语动词和先行词的关系1)主谓关系He asked the man(做从句主语)who/that was smoking.2)动宾关系:The noodles(做从句宾语)that/which I cooked were delicious.Ⅲ. 关于引导词（1）关系词只能用that的情况：a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。

b.被修饰的先行词为all， any， much， many， everything， anything， none，the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？c.先行词被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。

d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。

e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：Who is the girl that is crying？正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？f.主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如：There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。

（2）关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况：a.先行词为that， those时，用which，而不用that.例如：What‘s that which is under the desk？在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.例如：This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。

c.引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that.例如：Tom came back， which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。

练一练1. If she_________ here tomorrow, I will tell you.A. comesB. will comeC. comeD. came2.—You study ______ hard _______ you’re sure to pass the exam.— Thank you for saying so.A. enough… toB. as…asC. so…that3. You can’t watch TV ________ you finish your homework.A. beforeB. ifC. whileD. as4. ---- Is there anyone here_______name is Betty?---- Sorry, I don’t know.A. whoB. whichC.whomD. whose5. The basketball ________ I bought yesterday cost me 80 yuan.A. thatB. whereC. whoD. when6. I was late for class yesterday _______ there was something wrong with my bike.A. whenB. thatC. untilD. because7. We should go by bus ___ we can get there earlier.A. as soon asB. whereC. in order thatD. as8. Although it was raining, _____ still worked in the fields.A. but theyB. and theyC. theyD. and yet they9. Iron(铁) is more useful ______any other metal（金属）.A. asB. thanC. thenD. so10.We _________ TV when the telephone ________.A. watched; was ringingB. were watching; rangC. watch; ringsD. are watching; rang11. Mary had ______ much work to do that she stayed at her office all day.A. suchB. soC. tooD. very12. ________ you study harder, you'll never pass the final exam(期末考试).A. IfB. UntilC. UnlessD. Except。