2020年浙江大学考博英语真题及答案

2020年浙江大学考博英语真题及答案SectionⅠ listening comprehension (20 marks,1 mark each )Part ADirections: You will hear a passage about Disneyland’s Opening Day in 1915. Listen and complete the sentence in questions 1-5 with the information you’ve heard. Write not more than 3 words in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below.Part BDirections: You will hear a passage about Harvard Extension School. Answer the questions 6-10 while you listen. Use not more than 5 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the question.Part CDirections: Questions 11-13 are based on the followingpassage about John Grisham. You now have 15 seconds to read choices for question11-13.Directions: Questions 14-16 are based on the following passage about Changes When Becoming Grandparents. You now have 15 seconds to read choices for question14-16.Directions: Questions 17-20 are based on the following passage about Ecotourism. You now have 15 seconds to read choices for question17-20.Section Ⅱ Vocabulary (15 marks,1 mark each ) Directions: There are 15 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet Ⅰ with a single line through the centre.21. “Like most foreigner, I ask a lot of questions, some of which are insultingly silly. But everyone I ＿has answered those questions with patience and honesty.A. come acrossB. come byC. come overD. come into22. Among picture books for 4-8 years olds, severaloutstanding works appeared that combined original stories with＿ illustrations.A. imaginableB. imaginativeC. imagingD. imageless23. As skies fill with millions of migrating birds, European scientists say the seasonal miracle appearsto depend on seeming＿: The fatter the bird, the more efficiently it flies.A. interruptionB. descriptionC. qualificationD. contradiction24.The party leader justified his subsequentre-election＿that he had brought political stabilityand economic development to his country.A. in the wayB. by no meansC. on the groundsD. to the extent25.A leading British scholar has proposed translating Shakespeare into contemporary English＿young audiences who are confused by jokes which are 400 yearsout of date.A. in memory ofB. at the cost ofC. on behalf ofD. for the benefit of26.The objective of this popular consultation is todetermine,＿, the final political status of the region, whether to remain of the country as a special district, or to part from it.A. once upon a timeB. once and againC.all at once D. once and fall all27. The＿choice for a consumer, therefore, is the choice among the available ones that will enable himor her to maximize utility.A. optimalB. optionalC. opticalD. optimistic28. The Adult Vocational College is an opportunity to gain the right qualifications for various careers, forit offers an＿ range of subjects and courses.A. additionalB. excessiveC. adequateD. extensive29.It’s disturbing to note how many of crimes we do know about were detected＿, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures.A. by accidentB. on scheduleC. in generalD. at intervals30. In calculating the daily calories requirements foran individual, variations in body size, physicalactivity and age should be＿.A. brought into practiceB. taken into accountC. thrown light onD. look down upon31. The more a nation’s companies＿factories abroad,the smaller that country’s recorded exports will be.A. lieB. locateC. spotD. stand32.The defence lawyer was questioning the old man who was one of the＿of the murder committed last month.A. witnessB. audiencesC. viewersD. observers33. The belief that the universe is improving and that good will＿triumph over evil prevails.A. ultimatelyB. conclusivelyC. feasiblyD. terminally34. It was difficult to build a power station in the deep valley, but it＿as we had hoped.A. came offB. went offC. brought outD. made out35. The local people were joyfully surprise to find the prices of vegetables no longer＿according to theweather.A. evaluatedB. convertedC. fluctuatedD. modifiedSectionⅢ Cloze Test (20 marks, 1 mark each) Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONEthat best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet Ⅰ with a singleline through the centre.SectionⅣ Reading Comprehension (20 marks, 1 mark each)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer SheetⅠ with a single line through the centre.Passage 1At all ages and at all stages of life,At all ages and at all stages of life, fear presents a problem to almost everyone. "We are largely the playthings of our fears," wrote the British author Horace Walpole many years ago. "To one, fear of the dark; to another, of physical pain; to a third, of public ridicule; to afourth, of poverty; to a fifth, of loneliness--for all of us our particular creature waits in a hidden place." Fear is often a useful emotion. When you become frightened, many physical changes occur within your body. Your heartbeat and responses quicken; your pupils expand to admit more light; large quantities of energy-producing adrenaline (肾上激素) are poured into your bloodstream. Confronted with a fire or accident, fear can fuel life-saving flight (逃离). Similarly, when a danger is psychological rather than physical, fear can force you to take self-protective measures. It is only when fear is disproportional to the danger at hand that it becomes a problem.Some people are simply more vulnerable to fear than others. A visit to the newborn nursery of any large hospital will demonstrate that, from the moment of their births, a few fortunate infants respond calmly to sudden fear-producing situations such as a loudly slammed door. Yet a neighbor in the next bed may cry out with profound fright. From birth, he or she is more prone to learn fearful responses because he or she has inherited a tendency to be more sensitive.Further, psychologists know that our early experiences and relationships strongly shape and determine our later fears. A young man named Bill, for example, grew up with a father who regarded each adversity as a temporary obstacle to be overcome with imagination and courage. Using his father as a model, Bill came to welcome adventure and to trust his own ability to solve problem.Phil's dad, however, spent most of his time trying to protect himself and his family. Afraid to risk the insecurity of a job change, he remained unhappy in one position. He avoided long vacations because "the car might break down." Growing up in such a home, Phil naturally learned to become fearful and tense.56. In the last sentence of Paragraph 1, "our particular creature" refers to ______.A. fear of somethingB. a fierce beastC. physical painD. public ridicule57. Fear can be a useful emotion to us because itcan______.A. stimulate many physical changes within our body.B. quicken our heartbeat and response.C. pour large quantities of adrenaline into our bloodstreamD. help us respond quickly to danger and protect ourselves58. Fear becomes a problem only when______.A. the danger is thought greater than itreally isB. the danger is more psychological than physicalC. one cannot stand the dangerD. one is not well prepared for it59. Different responses of newborn infants toa loudly slammed door imply that ______.A. some people are inherently more easily affected by dangerB. people’s response to stimuli is not an inherited f eatureC. some people seem to be very sensitiveto noiseD. people sometimes seem to turn a deaf ear to noise60. Psychologists have found that our later fears are determined largely by our ______.A. home educationB. school educationC. parents’lifestyleD. early experiencesPassage 2Both civilization and culture are fairly m odern words, having come into prominent use during the 19th century by anthropologists, hist orians, and literary figures. There has been a strong tendeny to use them interchangeabl y as though they mean the same thing, but they are not the same. Although modern in t heir usage, the two words derived from ancie nt Latin. The word civilizationis basedon the Latin civis, of a city. Thus civilization, in its most essential meaning, is the ability of people to live together harmoniously in cities, in social groupings.From this definition it would seem that ce rtain insects, such as ants or bees, are al so civilized.They live and work together in social groups . So do some microorganisms. But there is m ore to civilization, and that is what cultur e brings to it. So, civilization is insepara ble form culture. The word culture is derive d from the Latin verb colere, “to till the soil”. But colere also has a wilder range of starting and promoting growth and develo pment. One may cultivate a garden: one may also cultivate one’s interests, mind, and abilities. In its mod ern use the word culture refers to all the positive aspects and achievements of humanit y that make mankind different from the rest of the animal world. Culture has grown out of creativity, a characteristic that seems to be unique to human beings. One of the b asic and best-known features of civilization and culture is the presence of tools. But more important than their simple existence is that the tools are always being improved a nd enlarged upon, a result for creativity. I t took thousands of years to get from the first wheel to the latest,most advanced model of automobile. It is the concept of humans as toolmakers and improve s that differentiates them from other animals . A monkey may use a stick to knock a ban ana from a tree,but that stick will never, through a monkey’s cleverness, be modified into a hook or a ladder.Monkeys have never devised a spoken languag e, written a book, composed a melody, builta house, or painted a portrait. To say th at birds build nests and beavers their densis to miss the point. People once lived i n caves, but their cleverness, imagination an d creativity led them to progress beyond cav es to buildings.61. What does the author think of the words“civilization”and “culture”?A. They are identicalB. They are different concepts.C. They can often be used interchangeably.D. They are denied different by different pe ople62. According to the author the word “civil ization” originally refers to ______.A. people’s way of life in citiesB. people’s ability to live together in citiesC. a type of social organizationsD. an advanced level of social life63. The Latin verb colere originally means“______”.A. live in a cityB. develop oneselfC. promote growthD. cultivate the land64. The author believes that creativity _______.A. is a unique feature of civilized beingsB. brings forth the improvement of toolsC. is the result of human developmentD. helps the advance of culture65. The author mentions monkeys in the last paragraph to show that _______.A. monkeys are the same as birdsB. people once lived in caves like monke ysC. monkeys can never develop into human beingsD. man is different fromother animals such as monkeysPassage 3Job-related illnesses are growing in freque ncy. In 1985, there were 390,000 cases of i llnesses that were job related, including lun g and bladder(膀胱) cancers, skin ailments, emphysema(肺肿), and heart disease. There were also 100,000 deaths. Many of these illnesses and deat hs are attributable to chemically hazardous s ubstances.An obvious approach to reducing occupationa l illnesses is to rid the workplace of the chemical agents or toxins that are the sou rce of many of the problems. However, someti mes that is not financially feasible or tech nicallypossible. An alternative approachis to capitalize on the fact that not all individu als are equally susceptible to health hazards in the workplace. For example, until the e arly 1970s when strict safety standards were introduced, allworkers in shipbuilding plants were exposed to excessively high levels of asbestos(石棉) dust, yet only some have, or will devel op, respiratory problems such as asbestosis, lung cancer, and emphysema. Researchers have begun only a certain portion to attack the puzzling problem of work groups that are “h yper susceptible”to particular chemical agents or toxins. One approach is to use geneti c information as a means of differentiating between those who will and will not have ad verse reactions to the toxin. At present, th ere are several known genetic markers that s ignal an individual’s predisposition to developing health problems in the presence of certain working conditio ns. For example, people with a pair of gene s deficient in an enzyme called G-6-PD are more likely than others to experience a brea kdown of red blood cells and consequent anem ia(贫血) when they work with chemicals contained in TNT, or types of antimalarial drugs(抗疟药). Recent researchalso suggests hat presence of a defective ge ne on the eleventh chromosome(染色体) reduces thebody’s ability to remove excess cholesterol(胆固醇) deposits from artery walls(动脉壁), thuspredisposing carries of the gene to coronary artery(冠状动脉) disease. Presumably, individuals with this genetic anomaly(异常) would be more likely to have heart problems when stressful job si tuations are encountered thanthose without it. Accordingly, genetic screeni ng is based on the premise that individuals have different genetic markers and some of these differences can be used to predict p redisposition to occupational diseases. Thereis some evidence that certain companies have used the genetic screening to control the incidence of job-related illnesses.Some of the companies also had taken acti on as a result of the tests, including warn ing employees about potential health problems, transferring employees, suggesting that emplo yees seek otherjobs, using the data for replacement purposes , or changing the production process.66. The author states in the passage that chemically dangerous substances in the workplac e _____. A. have nothing to do with occup ational illnessesB. are responsible for many occupational il lnessesC. play a minor role in bringing about su ch occupational diseases as lung cancer and emphysemaD. usually give rise to skin ailments67. The author gives an example of workers in shipbuilding plants _______.A. to show that workers are usually subje ct to bad working conditionsB. to prove there were no safety standard s before 1970C. to warn workers against respiratory pro blemsD. to show that not allworkers exposed to chemically dangerous substa nces are liable to occupational illnesses68. How many occupational diseases are listed in this passage?A. SixB. SevenC. EightD. Nine69. According to the passage, when a person has a defective gene on the eleventh chrom osome, he or she is in the riskof developing _____.A. coronary artery diseaseB. pulmonary diseaseC. respiratory diseaseD. bladder cancer70. This passage is mainly about _____.A. how to reduce job-related diseaseB. the incidence of job-related diseasesC. genetic testing and the preventionof job-related diseasesD. the functions of genetic markersPassage 4The work that women do has always been f undamental to the global economy. But theircontribution hasn’t registered with traditional economic institu tions because so much of it hasbeen nonmonetary. In fact, one common economi c term for nonmonetary work is inactivity. I t’s that attitude that has made women’s work invisible. No wonder the battle cry of the women’s was equality. By moving into the world of paid work, in rich countries at least, wom en have indeedupped their visibility. But I doubt that you could make a very conclusive case that they have become equal to men. The United Nations estimated in 1993 that ec onomic equality between the sexes would take, at the pace then prevailing, 1000 years to achieve.The media love female high fliers, the handf ul of company directors and CEOs who are tr ottedout time and again as evidence of thegains women have made. But they are not truly representative of the average working woman, sad dled with a double burden as she tries to balance her job with life as a mother and homemaker. This balancing act is a formula f or unfulfillment. It would havebeen farmore equitable for women in the long run if it was the nonmonetary work that h ad been shared out --- if, for example, men spent more than afraction of the time with their childrenthattheir wives do. Andbelieve that, in practice, most women would prefer simple fairness to economic equality. As my friend Hazel Henderson says, our kids didn’t want to see us turn into the best bloody men. Still, it’sery much a trend to focus on the global e conomic impact of women, particularlyas it’s felt in the small-scale initiatives that w omen have established around the world. Deali ng directly with economically marginalized com munities and cooperatives around the globe, I’ve seen howwomen hold a society together. Ec onomic opportunity means much more to them t han money. It also fosters the fundamentals of self-esteem: education, health care, cultur al continuity and the chance to protect the past while shaping a future.A sense of community is one of the so-calle d “feminine”values that ethical business t hinkers put forward in their quest for new paradigms. These values reflectintimatepersonal and cultural attributes that are in many w ays the reverse of the global-market syndrome , which is all about distance, impersonality and the movement of capitalregardless of hu man consequence. You don’t have to wonder what would happen if we c ould feminize economic activity and economic relations. There is already plenty of evidenc e in the work of some pioneering female thi nkers whose concern about the society their childrenwill inherit promises to fundamentallychange global economics. In fact most of t he financial sector’s innovative thinking on socially responsive investing has come from women.Why am I not surprised? Globalization is a mug’s game being played in a Man’s world. I can imagine a day when compassio n counts as much as cash flow. After all, the challenges that confront thebusiness world already demand a holistic perspective. And who is going to be best equipped to face t hat future?71. According to the writer, most women ____ ___.A. want to demonstrate how responsible they arein doing businessB. are ignorant of the global economyC. just seek simple fairness rather than q ualityD. are fed up with their husbands’spending less time their children72.The expression “saddled with”in Line10 of Paragraph 2 means _______.A. let downB. put upwithC. played upD. burdened with73. The fifth paragraph suggests that in economic activity and economic relations, wome n ______A. are much more compassionate tha n menB. are less qualified than menC. can make a lot of intimate friendsD. attach much importance to economic con sequences74. By saying “Globalization is a mug’s game being played in a man’s world”, the writer means _______.A. it is men who can really have the ec onomic globalization materializedB. men are unlikely to succeed in economi c globalizationC. men do not take economic globalization seriouslyD. it is a piece of cake for men to gl obalize the world economy75. The writer implies inthe last paragraph that the persons whoare going to be best equipped in world economy are _______.A. university studentsB. futuristsC. menD. womenSection Ⅴ Translation (25marks)Directions: Translate the following into English. Write your English version on Answer Sheet Ⅱ.76.一直以来，哈佛大学要求在校本科生除了自己的主修专业课程之外，还要修习一系列课程，以确保他们受到的本科教育涵盖了宽泛的研究课题和研究方法。