世界各国在由传统农业向现代农业的转变过程中

Analysis of the issueIn the transformation from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture, because of the difference in the natural recourse, land system and such social and economic factors among countries,the paths and modes of agricultural modernization in different countries are not all the same. There are three types of agricultural development in industrialized countries.The United States and Canada are in the representative of the first type, this kind of country with little amount of but in huge scale of land ,they have the problem of the shortage of labor resources,the path of agricultural modernization’s construction is to improve labor productivity greatly, and to realize the modernization of agriculture by firstly focusing on the basis of agricultural mechanization and secondly turning emphases to the biotechnology;Japan and Holland are in the representative of the second type, this kind of country usually with more people than land, and so have abundant labor resources, the path of the agricultural construction is to improve the productivity of land greatly,to realize the agricultural scale on the development of mechanical technology which based on biotechnology;Britain and France are in the representative of the third type, between the first and the second. the path of the modern agricultural construction is the improvement on both of the land productivity and the laborproductivity(Xiyuan.Liao,2011).In China, there are several reasons for the restriction in agricultural machine industry.1、the mode of family productionOver the past years, the agricultural production in China has always been leasing of land management model which see the family as a unit , the land separation problem is very serious, the level of agricultural production is relatively stly,our country through the land circulation system, unified the decentralized farming land , modified the farmland infrastructure according to the requirements of modern agricultural production (by water, power, road reconstruction),It has laid a solid foundation and created more favorable conditions for the scale management of agriculture, the promotion of agricultural mechanization, and the scaling and intensive production.At present, many large agricultural provinces have started to increase investment, strengthen the agricultural integration and infrastructure reconstruction,the progress of irrigation’s supporting equipment,and road construction is speeding up,the rate of agricultural mechanization is increasing. But most of the rural areas the agricultural performance is still laying behind.2、The Backward in mechanization of agriculture production levelThe performance of China's agricultural machine industry in the world is not very prominent. the agricultural machine enterprises from The United States and Japan have occupied most of the market in China.in Japan, the largest agricultural machinery manufacturer is Kubota,which funded in 1998, the main products are the semi-feed combine harvester ,the rice transplanter,and the half-feed combine harvester.they has accounted for more than 50% domestic market,in 2008, the production and sales of semi-feed combine harvesters had reached 7000 units.John Deal was founded in 1937 in the United States, the world's leading agricultural and forestry fields of advanced products and services provider, listed on the NYSE.,it is a suppliers and service providers whose products are advanced in construction, lawn and field conservation, landscape engineering and irrigation.it also is the major manufacturers who cooperate in sugar cane producing areas in Guangxi, Guangdong, Yunnan province.Case new Holland is one of most largest agricultural machine manufacturing company, the tractors, combine harvesters and bundling machine sales are in the forefront above the world. Headquartered is in the United States, the products are sold to over 160 countries and regions, by over 11500 distributors above the world, of which agricultural equipment accounted for 76%. Casenew Holland ’s history can be traced back to 170 years ago, there are nearly a hundred years of history in China. last century,the earliest service branch established in China and the earliest tractor introduced to China are both related with Keith brand.Comparatively,the development of agricultural machinery industry in China is a little late, the domestic industry only share a small Chinese market. The rising space of domestic agricultural machine industry is huge.Critical analysisIn China, the promotion of agricultural machine products mainly has the following problems.-----a serious imbalance between the level in mechanization of the different region.In the east region with developed economy, farmer’s income growths rapidly, the purchase of agricultural machineries are in a large number,the development of agricultural mechanization is speeding fastly; compared to the underdeveloped west regions, the amount of agriculture machinery possession is limited, the development of agricultural mechanization is slow. For example, in Guangxi, 2010,the level of rice tractor machine to plough，plant,harvest respectively were 79.4%, 6.3% and 42%, mechanizedfarming level is only 46.3%, which differs from the average difference is 15.7 percentage points; sugarcane only achieved partly plowing,the planting and harvest mechanization level is almost zero.According to statistics, China's arable land in eastern region accounted up 32.1% of the total arable land, and agricultural machines have accounted up 50.2% of the total agricultural machines; the western region accounted for 23.7%, agricultural machines takes up only 15.3%, the relative possessed rate is 2.4:1.Comparison of the level of Agricultural Mechanization in someprovinces---- product structure is not reasonableFirstly, The amount of large and medium-sized machines are in the small scale, the small agricultural machinery are in the large; secondly, the transport machinery are in a large scale but the agricultural machinery in a samll one; thirdly,the agricultural machinery supporting equipments is little and the matching ratio is low; fourth，the high performance machine are less which can adjust to agricultural structure; fifth, the total amount of agricultural machinery growth fast, but the application of advanced technology growth slowly .----defects in the categoriesThere is a big gap in the level of agricultural mechanization between different crops and production link. At present, the most prominent problem is the level of mechanization in paddy fields and sugar cane industry is too low. As a country with more than 24 million acres of cultivated area ,ranking in the third largest sugarcane producer over the world, sugarcane mechanization rate is less than 1%, only touch the equivalent of the national average level of 0.1/100.----Exist such condition that people can not afford to buy, or using badly.The role of agricultural machinery is to purchase, use and obtain benefits. Although the local government undos activelysubsidies, it still exist such condition,that people can not afford to buy, using badly and the problem of poor efficiency, which get in the way of improving the rate of agricultural mechanization. The performance is: first, can not afford to buy. At present, the large and medium size of the general agricultural machines takes 50 thousand to 100 thousand , a sugarcane harvester will need 1.35 million to 1.8 million , on one-time investment, long payback period of investment. Although many places have introduced the subsidies of agricultural purchase , but the effect is not very obvious. Second,using badly.,Agricultural management is lack of funds, the introduction of agricultural machinery, agricultural technology promotion and free training work is difficult to carried out, causing if some farmers could afford to a buy agricultural machine, but he also can not use it well.At the same time, the promotion of agricultural machinery products in China has a deep relationship with the land transfer policy. In China ,under the mode of agricultural operation in the family unit, the mechanization of agriculture is difficult to promote. One family use some agricultural machinery together, in high cost, high vacancy rate, causing the space smaller, such condition is not convenient also. So if we want to implement the mechanization of agriculture, we must make the agriculturalproduction more scaled.Research questionThe study will use literature review, case study and comparative method, several feature Chinese agricultural policy, agricultural region layout, farmland manage—technology,agricultural management way were briefly combed in this paper．The main points were to explore the following questions:1)Is the agricultural subsidies and agricultural technology extension were the effective means to protect the agriculture sustainable development in Chinese and why?2)Is the agricultural regional layout and mechanical management was the basic premise for improving the production efficiency and reducing the production cost and how?3.Is there any realationship between the development of agricultural mechanization and of the agricultural machinery industry?Bibliography1.xiyuan.Liao,hongfang.Shen,zhigang.Wang．The "three step" strategy of agricultural scale management -- from "the production link" to "the circulation of the management right" and then to "the circulation of contractual right".Agricultural economic problems,2011(12)：15—20/xinwen/2016-08/29/content_5103285.htm2.John Stuart Muller. 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