世界各国在由传统农业向现代农业的转变过程中英文.docx

AnalysisoftheissueInthe transformation from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture, because of the difference in the natural recourse, land system andsuch social and economic factors among countries,the paths and modes of agricultural modernization in different countries are not all the same. There are three types of agricultural development in industrialized countries.The United States and Canada are in the representative of the first type, this kind of country with little amount of but in huge scale of land ,they have the problem of the shortage of labor resources,thepath of agricultural modernization’s constructionis to improve labor productivity greatly, and to realize the modernization of agriculture by firstly focusing on the basis of agricultural mechanization and secondly turning emphases to the biotechnology;Japan and Holland are in the representative of the second type, this kind of country usually withmore people than land, and so have abundant labor resources, the path of the agricultural constructionis to improve the productivity of landgreatly,to realize the agricultural scale on the development of mechanical technology which based on biotechnology;Britain and France are in the representative of the third type, between the first and the second. the path of the modern agricultural construction is the improvement on both of the landproductivity and the labor productivity(Xiyuan.Liao,2011).In China, there are several reasons for the restriction in agricultural machine industry.1、the mode of family productionOver the past years, the agricultural production in China has always been leasing of land management model which see the familyas a unit , the landseparation problem is very serious, the level of agricultural production is relatively stly,our country through the land circulation system, unified the decentralized farming land , modified the farmland infrastructure according to the requirements of modern agricultural production (by water, power, road reconstruction),It has laid a solid foundation and created more favorable conditions for the scale management of agriculture, the promotion of agricultural mechanization, and the scaling and intensive production.At present, many large agricultural provinces have started to increase investment, strengthen the agricultural integration and infrastructurereconstruction,the progress of irrigation’s supportingequipment,and road construction is speeding up,therateof agricultural mechanization is increasing. But most of the rural areas the agricultural performance is still laying behind. 2、The Backward inmechanization of agriculture production level The performance of China's agricultural machineindustry in theworld is not very prominent. the agricultural machineenterprises from The United States and Japan have occupied most of the market in China.in Japan,the largest agricultural machinery manufacturer is Kubota,which fundedin 1998, the main products are the semi-feed combine harvester ,the rice transplanter,and the half-feed combine harvester.they has accounted for more than 50% domestic market,in 2008,the production and sales of semi-feed combineharvesters had reached 7000 units.John Deal was founded in 1937 in the United States, the world's leading agricultural and forestry fields of advanced products and services provider, listed on the NYSE.,it is a suppliers and service providers whose products are advanced in construction, lawn and field conservation, landscape engineering and irrigation.it also is the major manufacturers who cooperate in sugar cane producing areas in Guangxi, Guangdong, Yunnan province.Case new Holland is one of most largest agricultural machine manufacturing company, the tractors, combine harvesters and bundling machine sales are in the forefront above the world. Headquartered is in the United States, the products are sold to over 160 countries and regions, by over 11500 distributors above the world, of which agricultural equipment accounted for 76%. Case new Holland ’s history can be traced back to 170 years ago, there arenearly a hundred years of history in China. last century,the earliestservice branch established in China and the earliesttractorintroduced to China are both related with Keith brand. Comparatively,the development ofagricultural machinery industry in China is a little late, the domestic industry only share a small Chinese market. The rising space of domestic agricultural machineindustry is huge.Critical analysisIn China, the promotion of agricultural machine products mainly has the following problems.-----a serious imbalance between the level in mechanization of the different region.In the east region with developed economy, farmer’s income growths rapidly, the purchase of agricultural machineries are in a large number,the development of agricultural mechanization is speeding fastly; compared to the underdeveloped westregions, the amount of agriculture machinery possessionis limited, the development ofagricultural mechanization is slow. For example, in Guangxi, 2010,the level of rice tractor machine to plough，plant,harvest respectively were 79.4%, 6.3% and 42%, mechanized farming level is only 46.3%, which differs from the averagedifference is 15.7 percentage points; sugarcane only achieved partly plowing,the planting and harvest mechanization level is almost zero. According to statistics, China's arable land in eastern region accounted up 32.1% of the total arable land, and agricultural machines have accounted up 50.2% of the total agricultural machines; the western region accounted for 23.7%, agricultural machinestakes up only 15.3%, the relative possessed rateis 2.4:1.Comparison of the level of Agricultural Mechanization in someprovinces---- product structure is not reasonableFirstly,The amount of large and medium-sized machines are inthe small scale, the small agricultural machinery are in the large; secondly, the transport machinery are in a large scale but the agricultural machinery in a samll one; thirdly,the agricultural machinery supporting equipments islittle and the matching ratio is low; fourth，the high performance machine are less which can adjust to agricultural structure; fifth, the total amount of agricultural machinerygrowth fast, but the application of advanced technologygrowthslowly .----defects in the categoriesThere is a big gap in the level of agricultural mechanization between different crops and production link. At present, the most prominent problem is the level of mechanization in paddy fields and sugar cane industry is too low. As a country with more than 24 million acres of cultivated area ,ranking in the third largest sugarcane producer over the world, sugarcane mechanization rate is less than 1%, only touch the equivalent of the national average level of 0.1/100.----Exist such condition that people can not afford to buy, or using badly.The role of agricultural machinery is to purchase, use and obtain benefits. Although the local government undos activelysubsidies, it still exist such condition,that people can not afford to buy, using badly and the problem of poor efficiency, which get in the way ofimproving the rate of agricultural mechanization. The performance is: first, can not afford to buy. At present, the large and medium size of the general agricultural machinestakes 50 thousand to 100 thousand , a sugarcane harvester will need 1.35 million to 1.8 million , on one-time investment, long payback period of investment. Although many places have introduced the subsidies of agriculturalpurchase , but the effect is not very obvious. Second,using badly.,Agricultural management is lack of funds, the introduction of agricultural machinery, agricultural technology promotion and free training work is difficult to carried out, causing if some farmers could afford to a buy agricultural machine, but he also can not use it well.At the same time, the promotion of agricultural machinery products in China has a deep relationship with the land transfer policy. In China ,under the mode of agricultural operation in the family unit, the mechanization of agriculture is difficult to promote. One family use some agricultural machinery together, in high cost, high vacancy rate, causing the spacesmaller,such condition is not convenient also. So if we want to implement the mechanization of agriculture, we must make the agricultural production more scaled.ResearchquestionThestudywilluseliteraturereview, casestudyandcomparativemethod, severalfeatureChineseagriculturalpolicy, agriculturalregionlayout, farmlandmanage—technology,agriculturalmanagementwaywerebrieflycombedinthispap er．Themainpointsweretoexplorethefollowingquestions:1)Istheagric ulturalsubsidiesandagriculturaltechnologyextensionweretheeffective meanstoprotecttheagriculturesustainabledevelopmentinChineseandw hy?2)Istheagriculturalregionallayoutandmechanicalmanagementwast hebasicpremiseforimprovingtheproductionefficiencyandreducingthe productioncostandhow?3.Is there any realationship between the development of agricultural mechanization and of the agricultural machinery industry?Bibliography1.xiyuan.Liao,hongfang.Shen,zhigang.Wang．The "three step" strategy of agricultural scale management -- from "the production link" to "the circulation of the management right" and then to "the circulation of contractual right".Agricultural economic problems,2011(12)：15—20/xinwen/2016-08/29/content_5103285.htm2.John Stuart Muller. Principle of political economy. China Press,2009。