1 8 10课融合

Dì-yīkèNǐhǎo 第1课你好Lesson1Hello学习要点Learning Points语音Pronunciation交际Communication语法Grammar词汇Vocabulary韵母Finals问候他人自我介绍“是”和“叫”的用法职业名词人称代词国籍yǔyīn语音Pronunciationyùnmǔ一韵母Finalsdānyùnmǔ1.单韵母MonophthongsChinese pronunciation system has seven basic monophthongs in total.They are：ɑo e i uüThe pronunciation of/ɑ/is similar to the English vowel/a:/with the mouth open widest and the tongue lowest in the mouth among all vowels.The final/o/is pronounced with the mouth rounded and smaller than when pronouncing/ɑ/.It is similar to the short vowel/u/in the word"book"，but the mouth is rounded and bigger in pronouncing/o/.The Chinese sound/e/differs considerably from any one in English.Its pronunciation is closer to the English sound/ə/but the former is pronounced with an between the back of the tongue and the soft palate.The Chinese sounds/i/and/u/are similar to/i/and/u:/in English.But in pronouncing/i/，there is an obstruction between the tongue and the front of the hard palate.Due to the influence of English pronunciation,some people tend to mispronounce the Chinese sound/i/ as the English vowel/i/.The Chinese final/ü/has no similar sound in English.It is pronounced in a manner similar to the English sound/u/,but with thefront of the tongue higher and an obstruction between the front of the tongue and the front of the hard palate.fùyùnmǔ2.复韵母Compound finalsIn Chinese,there are frequently the cases where two or three monophthongs are combined to form compound finals,including diphthongs,which can also be found in English.There are13of them in Chinese as follows.ɑi eiɑo ouiɑie uɑuoüeiɑo iou uɑi ueiThese compound finals fall into the falling categories:(1)DiphthongsDiphthongs are finals which include two monophthongs,such as/ɑi/，/ei/，/ɑo/，/ou/，/iɑ/，/ie/，/uɑ/，/uo/，and/üe/.They are pronounced by sliding from one sound to another.But in reading these diphthongs, the two parts within each cannot be distinctively separated.This is similar to the pronunciation of diphthongs in English.The pronunciation of compound finals with the vowel/e/is comparatively complex.There are four of them:ei ieüe ueiThey are pronounced with a variation because of the influence of another sound in the same compound final.For example,in spite of the pronunciation of/e/，the Chinese sound/ie/is pronounced in a manner similar to/je/，and the Chinese sound/ei/is similar to/ei/ in English.(2)Compound finals with three monophthongsThere are four compound finals in Chinese which have three monophthongs.They are/iɑo/，/iou/，/uɑi/,and/uei/.Here/u/is similar to the English consonant/w/and/i/similar to/j/.So in reading these compound finals,it is necessary to read all the three sounds without any separation.(3)Nasal compound finalsIn Chinese there are those finals ending with nasal consonants/n/and/ng/,which have pronunciation respectively similar to/n/ and/ŋ/in English.The following are such nasal compound finals and their roughly corresponding English pronunciations.ɑnɑng en eng in ing ong 汉语Chinese英语æn a:ŋənəŋin iŋɔŋEnglishBesides,there are other nasal compound finals which combine more finals with/n/and/ng/，such as/iɑn/，/iɑng/，/uɑn/，/uɑng/,/uen/，/ueng/and/iong/.Here again both/i/and/u/are respectively similar to/j/and/w/in English.iɑn iɑng uɑn uɑng uen ueng iong 汉语Chinesejæn ja:ŋwæn wa:ŋwən wəŋjɔŋ英语EnglishAnother two nasal compound vowels in Chinese are/üɑn/and/ün/ which are similar to/juæn/and/jun/respectively in English.In pronouncing a compound final all sounds within it must be read smoothly.Moreover,there are some sounds which have to be imitated after native speakers since their pronunciations are hard to be d escribed exactly.rèshēn热身Warm upNínhǎo!刘小明:您好！Nínhǎo!麦克:您好！Nǐhǎo!索菲:你好!Nǐhǎo!木村:你好！kèwén课文TextDàjiāhǎo!Wǒxìng lǐ,wǒjiào LǐJiā.Wǒshìhànyǔlǎoshī.李佳：大家好！我姓李，我叫李佳。

我是汉语老师。

Lǐlǎoshīhǎo!学生：李老师好！Wǒjiào MàiKè.WǒshìMěiguórén.麦克：我叫麦克。

我是美国人。

Wǒjiào SuǒFēi,wǒyěshìMěiguórén.索菲：我叫索菲，我也是美国人。

Dàjiāzǎoshang hǎo!Wǒjiào MùCūn,木村：大家早上好！我叫木村，wǒshìRìběn rén.我是日本人。

Huānyíng nǐmen!李佳：欢迎你们！fānyì翻译TranslationTeacher:Hello everyone!My surname is Li and my full name is LiJia.I am a Chinese teacher.Students:Hello,Miss.Li!Mike:My name is Mike.I'm American.Jack:My name is Sophie.I am an American,too.Kimura:Good morning everyone!My name is Kimura and I am Japanese. Teacher:Welcome!Cíhuìbiǎo词汇表New words and Expressionsshēngcí生词New words你nǐpron.you您nín pron.honorific form of“你”好hǎo adj.fine是shìv.be;is;am;are我wǒpron.I,me老师lǎoshīn.teacher大家dàjiāpron.everyone叫jiào v.to be called人rén n.people;person汉语hànyǔn.Mandarin;Chinese language 学生xuéshēng n.student(s)你们nǐmen pron.you(pl.)也yěadv.also;too姓xìng v.…surname is…哪里nǎli pron wherezhuānyǒu míngcí专有名词Proper nouns中国ZhōngguóChina美国MěiguóU.S.A日本Rìběn Japanyǔfǎ语法Grammar（1）The distinctions between“姓”and“叫”:Both“姓”and“叫”serve to introduce a person,telling the listeners of the surname or the full name of this person.They differ in that the former only involves the family name while the latter is concerned with the full name.In the name of “李佳”,“李”is the family name and “佳”i s the given name.In China,the family name always proceeds the given name.People usually give their family name followed by the full name when they make an introduction.Example:Wǒxìng huáng,wǒjiào Huáng Xiǎolíng.我姓黄，我叫黄晓玲。