最经典最清晰虚拟语气讲解
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虚拟语气
定义:虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,不是事实或与事实相反。
陈述语气
祈使语气
动词的语气非真实条件句中的虚拟语气
名词性从句中的虚拟语气
虚拟语气特殊句型中的虚拟语气
虚拟语气需特别注意的情况
用法:
一.IF引导的虚拟句式
注意;混合虚拟
(1)不同时间的虚拟:
If he had listened to me, he would not be in trouble now.
If he had told me yesterday, I should know what to do now. (2) 虚拟与陈述的混合:
He could have passed the exam, but he wasn’t careful enough. You should have come earlier, the bus left a moment ago. 二.名词性从句中的虚拟语气:从句谓语动词(should) +do
1.主语从句:it is + adj + that结构
2.宾语从句:主语+要求接虚拟语气的动词+that
一个坚持:insist
两个命令:order; command 两个决定:decide; determine
三个建议:suggest; advise; propose
四个要求:demand; ask; request; require
注意:① suggest:暗示;insist:坚持说(不虚拟)
② except, believe, think suspect等动词的否定形式或疑问句后面的宾语从句要用虚拟。
I never thought that he should be such a brave young solider
③ should竟然
I am glad that your novel should have won the first prize.
④ wish引导从句的虚拟语气,谓语动词变化和if从句虚拟语气一样。
Wish可以用以下结构:wish +主语+would/should have done
3.表语从句、同位语从句
三、其他用法
一、名词性从句的虚拟语气中,表示建议、命令、要求的含义是,无论主句谓语动词为何种时态,从句的谓语动词都用:"should + do"。should可以省略。但是:
insist意为“坚持某种动作”才用虚拟语气;意为“坚持某种观点,某个事实”则不用虚拟语气。
He insists he is a student. 他坚持说他是个学生(表示的是事实,因此在这个语句中不能使用虚拟语气)
suggest意为“建议”才用虚拟语气,意为“暗示”则不用虚拟语气。
His face suggests that he looks worried.
他的表情暗含着他很担心(本身是事实,因此它就没有用到虚拟语气)
二、even if, even though 所引导的让步状语从句中
与现在事实相反:从句may/might+动词原形,may/might可以省略,
与过去事实相反:从句had done
类似的词有though/even though/whatever/however/so long as;
主、从句的结构与if所引导的条件从句结构相同
Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do.
即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办。(事实:他没来)
Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here.
即使华佗在世也救不了他。(事实:华佗不在世)
三、含蓄的虚拟语气:but/but for, or,in that case, without, otherwise,
四、would rather, had rather, would sooner等后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不符的一种愿望,其虚拟语气结构为:
过去had + done I'd rather you had seen the film yesterday. 我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。
现在did/were I'd rather you were here now. 我倒想你现在在这儿。
将来did/were We'd rather you went here tomorrow. 我们倒想你明天去那儿
五、wish 后宾语从句
1、表示与现在事实相反的愿望,谓语动词:did/were
I wish I had your brains. 我希望我有你那样的头脑。(事实:我根本比不上你)
2、表示与过去事实相反的愿望,谓语动词:had + done
I wish I had known the truth of the matter.
我希望我那时就知道这件事情的真相。(事实:那时还不知道)
3、表示将来难以实现的愿望。谓语动词:would /could / should / might + 动词原形
I wish I should have a chance again.
我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。(事实:很难再有这样的机会了)
(if only引导的感叹句和as if/as though引导的状语从句也有相同用法)
if only…若是…该多好啊;真希望…
与现在事实相反,从句谓语:did / were
与过去事实相反,从句谓语:had
done If only she had lived a little longer.
cou ld have done If only she could have lived a little longer.
将来可能性不大,从句谓语:would /could / should / might +do
as if, as though有时候引导虚拟语气
与现在事实相反,从句谓语动词:did / were
与过去事实相反,从句谓语动词:had done
将来可能性不大,从句谓语动词:would /could / should / might +do
六、目的状语从句