英语语言学名词解释

Acronyms Acronyms is a word coined by putting together the initial letters of a

group of words.

Affixation A word formation approach that attaches morpheme – an affix to a base，

which is a word with 1 or more affixes in it.

Anaphoric reference前照应A demonstrative determiner with anaphoric reference

is more likely to go with a non-restrictive relative clause

Cataphoric reference 后照应A demonstrative determiner with cataphoric reference，

which goes with a restrictive relative clause

Collective nouns These are generally countable nouns，but even in the singular they

refer to groups of people，animals or things.

Compound A compound，the product of composition，and it is a lexical unit

consisting of more than one base and functioning both grammatically and

semantically as a single word.

Conversion The derivational process whereby an item is adapted or converted to a

new word class without the addition of an affix.

Coordination并列词Realized by coordinators （also termed coordinating

conjunctions）which join units at the same level.

Countable nouns Nouns that can take plural.

Dangling participle:When the subject of participle is not expressed, it is normally to

be the subject of the clause. It is usually poor grammar, and sometimes absurd, if this

rule is broken: Trying to be quiet, the floor board creaked. But the rule is often broken

when the subject is vaguely understood to be “one”, “we”, “you”, people in gen Determiner Words used in the premodification of noun phrase and put before any

adjectives that premodify the head word of noun.

Dynamic adjectives Many adjectives can also be used in the dynamic sense （be

being a.）in predicative position to show subjective measurement or suggest a

temporary state，implying the qualities can be controlled or restricted. （e.g. he is

being rude）

end-focus 尾部焦点under neutral conditions，the nucleus falls on the last element

of the sequence a s it is common that we process the information in a message t o

achieve a linear presentation form low to high information value. We refer to this as

the principle of end-focus.

ellipsis：省略leaves out the redundant/wordy part and do not provide a substitute.

Exclamation Express our impression，especially our surprise，excitement，