汉译英翻译常用技巧(一)

1、不努力，不会成功。 One will not succeed unless one works hard.
2、知己知彼，百战不殆 You can fight a hundred battles without defeat if you know the enemy as well as yourself. 3、凡是在科学技术上有建树者，都是工作最勤奋， 并且勇于创新的人。 Those who have made original contributions to science and technology are the ones who have worked the hardest and have not been afraid to break new ground.
汉英翻译的几种常用技巧 （一）
常用的翻译技巧
1. 增译 2. 减译（省译） 3. 重复 4. 转译
5. 语序（词序/句序）调整（倒置） 6. 拆句与合并 7. 正说反译, 反说正译 8. 语态变换
1. 增译法

增译法：指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习 惯和表达方式，在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子，以 便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。
7. 三个臭皮匠, 顶个诸葛亮。 Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the master mind.
2. 减译法

增译法的反面
减译法是指原文中有些词在译文中不译出来, 因为译文中虽无其词而已有其意, 或者在译文 中是不言而喻的;

这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多，而英语 句子一般都要有主语，所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候， 除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或“There be…” 结构来翻译以外，一般都要根据语境补出主语，使句子 完整。

英语中代词使用频率较高，凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的 或与某人有关的事物时，必须在前面加上物主代词。因此， 在汉译英时需要增补物主代词，而在英译汉时又需要根据情 况适当地删减。 英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用 连词来表示，而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关 系。因此，在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。






It isn’t rum for a woman to want her old husband back, for respectability, though for a man to want his old wife back –--- well, perhaps it is funny, rather!
3. 重复法


We have to analyze and solve problems. 我们要分析问题，解决问题。
Let’s revise our safety and sanitary regulations. 我们来修改安全规则和卫生规则吧。 He had it all written out neatly. 他把它写得清清楚楚。





1. 没有调查研究就没有发言权。 He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak. (No investigation, no right to speak.)
2. 子曰: “学而不思则罔, 思而不学则殆。” Confucius said: “He who learns without thinking is lost. He who thinks without learning remains puzzled.”


3. 我们学院受教委和市政府的双重领导。 Our institute is co-administrated by the States Education Commission and the municipal government. (名词转动词)
4. 由于我们实行了改革开放政策，我国的综合国 力有了明显的增强。 Thanks to the introduction of our reform and opening policy, our comprehensive national strength has greatly improved. (动词转名词)
5. 留得青山在, 不怕没柴烧。 So long as green hills remain, there will never be a shortage of firewood.
6. 班roficiency with the axe before Lu Ban the master carpenter.


5. 林则徐认为, 要成功地禁止鸦片买卖, 就得 首先把鸦片焚毁。 Lin Zexu believed that a successful ban of the trade in opium must be preceded by the destruction of the drug itself.


英语句子离不开介词和冠词。
另外，汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的 词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语，以确保译文意思完整。 总之，通过增译，一是保证译文语法结构的完整，二是保证 译文意思的明确。



I am looking forward to the holidays. 我们等待假日的到来。 Much of our morality is customary. 我们大部分的道德观念都有习惯性。 Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. 读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人精确。 Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. 读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人 深刻，伦理使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩。
学习写作的人若能意识到各种文化在修辞模式 上的差别，则有助于他们迅速掌握对他们来说 是外在的写作模式。


Saud was a frustrated man at that time. 沙特那时已受挫折。 Traditionally, there had always been good relations between them. 他们之间一直有着传统的友好关系。
3. 虚心使人进步, 骄傲使人落后。 Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.
4. 交出翻译之前, 必须读几遍, 看看有没有要修改的地 方. 这样你才能把工作做好。 Before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved. Only thus can you do your work well.


减译法是删去一些可有可无的, 或者有了反而 累赘或违背译文习惯表达法的词, 并不是把原 文的某些思想内容删去。

The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕太阳转。 On Sundays we have no school. 礼拜天我们不上学。 If you write him, the response would be absolute silence and void. 你写信给他，总是石沉大海。 A wise man will not marry a woman who has attainments but no virtue. 聪明的人是不会娶有才无德的女子为妻的。


lofty aspirations 雄心壮志 with each passing day 日新月异
hard evidence 真凭实据
help the poor and needy 扶贫帮困 1. 大(家庭)有大(家庭)的难处。 A large family has its difficulties.
汉译英时则反其道而行之。
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For students of composition, an awareness that rhetorical patterns differ from one culture to another can help them become more quickly proficient in a writing pattern that is not native to them.



This experiment is a great success. 这次实验极为成功。
1. 一定要少说空话,多做工作。 There must be less empty talk and more hard work.


2. 徐悲鸿画马画得特别好。 Xu Beihong’s drawings (paintings) of horses are exceptionally good.
2. 这种人闹什么东西呢?闹名誉,闹地位,闹出风头。 What are they after? They are after name, after position, and they want to cut smart figure.