制药工程专业英语试卷
药剂英文试题及答案
药剂英文试题及答案Pharmacology Exam Questions and AnswersSection A: Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)1. Which of the following is a side effect of beta-blockers?A. Increased heart rateB. Decreased blood pressureC. Increased respiratory rateD. Increased blood sugar levelsAnswer: B. Decreased blood pressure2. The primary mechanism of action of aspirin is:A. Inhibition of acetylcholinesteraseB. Agonist activity at beta-adrenergic receptorsC. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase enzymesD. Stimulation of prostaglandin synthesisAnswer: C. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase enzymes3. Which class of drugs is used to treat Parkinson's disease?A. BenzodiazepinesB. AntipsychoticsC. Dopaminergic agentsD. AnticholinergicsAnswer: C. Dopaminergic agents4. The therapeutic index is defined as:A. The ratio of the minimum effective dose to the maximum safe doseB. The ratio of the maximum safe dose to the minimum toxic doseC. The ratio of the minimum toxic dose to the maximum effective doseD. The ratio of the minimum effective dose to the minimum toxic doseAnswer: D. The ratio of the minimum effective dose to the minimum toxic dose5. The term "prodrug" refers to a substance that:A. Is administered as a drug but must be metabolized to be activeB. Is an active drug that is converted into a less active metaboliteC. Is a drug that is immediately active uponadministrationD. Is a drug that is converted into a more potent form by the bodyAnswer: A. Is administered as a drug but must be metabolized to be activeSection B: Short Answer Questions6. What is the difference between a receptor agonist and an antagonist?Answer: A receptor agonist is a substance that binds to a receptor and activates it, producing a biological response.An antagonist, on the other hand, binds to a receptor butdoes not activate it, and may block or reduce the effect ofan agonist.7. Explain the concept of drug half-life.Answer: The half-life of a drug is the time required forthe concentration of the drug in the body to decrease by half. It is an important parameter in determining the dosinginterval for a medication.8. What are the factors that can affect drug absorption?Answer: Factors affecting drug absorption include the chemical properties of the drug, the presence of food in the gastrointestinal tract, the pH of the environment, and the blood flow to the absorption site.9. Describe the difference between a narrow therapeutic index drug and a wide therapeutic index drug.Answer: A drug with a narrow therapeutic index has a small margin between its effective dose and toxic dose, requiring careful dosing to avoid toxicity. A drug with a wide therapeutic index has a larger margin between its effective and toxic doses, allowing for greater dosing flexibility and less risk of toxicity.10. What is the role of the liver in drug metabolism?Answer: The liver plays a crucial role in drug metabolism by converting lipophilic drugs into more water-soluble metabolites, which can then be more easily excreted by thekidneys. The liver contains various enzymes, particularly the cytochrome P450 system, which are responsible for the biotransformation of many drugs.Section C: Essay Questions11. Discuss the importance of pharmacokinetics in drug therapy.Answer: Pharmacokinetics is the study of how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted by the body. Understanding the pharmacokinetic properties of a drug is essential for optimizing drug therapy, ensuring efficacy, and minimizing adverse effects. It helps in determining the appropriate dosing regimen, frequency, and duration of treatment.12. Explain the concept of drug-drug interactions and provide examples.Answer: Drug-drug interactions occur when two or more drugs affect each other's action or metabolism. This can lead to increased or decreased drug effects, or the development of new side effects. Examples include the interaction between warfarin and aspirin, where aspirin can enhance the anticoagulant effect of warfarin, and the interaction between phenytoin and isoniazid, where isoniazid can decrease the effectiveness of phenytoin by inducing its metabolism.13. Discuss the role of genetics in individual responses to drugs.Answer: Genetics can significantly influence anindividual's response to a drug. Genetic variations canaffect drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. For example, genetic polymorphisms in the cytochrome P450 enzymes can。
制药工程专外
制药工程专业英语Unit 1production of drugs P1单词Compound 化合物intermediate 中间产物alkaloids 生物碱enzymes酶peptide 肽hormones 荷尔蒙modification 修饰chloramphenicol 氯霉素metabolites 代谢物substitute 替代品derivative衍生物active 活性absorption 吸收extraction 提取Recombinant 重组insulin 编码neuroactive 神经活性start materials 起始原料recrystallization 重结晶methanol 甲醇Ethanol 乙醇isopropanol 异丙醇butanol 丁醇benzene 苯翻译Known examples are the enzymatic cleavage of racemates of N-acetyl-D, L-amino acids to give L-amino acids, the production of 6-aminopenicillanic acid from benzylpenicillin by means of penicillinamidase and the aspartase-catalysed stereospecific addition of ammonia to fumaric acid in order to produce L-aspartic acid.著名的例子是对N -乙酰- D，L -氨基酸消旋给予L -氨基酸酶裂解，从青霉素生产8 -氨基青霉烷酸的青霉素酰胺酶手段和天冬氨酸酶，催化氨立体除了富马酸为了酸生产L -天门冬氨酸。
Reading material 1 p7Antagonist 抑制剂receptor 受体clinical investigation 临床研究antibacterial抗菌的inhibition 抑制mercurial 水银dominate 占主导Unit 3 chemotherapy: an introduction P29单词chemotherapy化学治疗superstition 迷信pathogenic 致病的翻译The activity of the arsenical drugs is explained as due to a blocking of essential thiol groups.For example, lipoic acid dehydrogenase contains two cysteine molecules, while are kept near each other by folding of the molecule. As a result, an arsenical can react with these thiol groups and inactivate the molecule, as show in equation.对含砷药物活性被解释为由于阻塞必不可少的巯基。
药学专业英语试卷
2011 至 2012 学年第 2 学期药学专业英语 试卷 A 卷出卷教师： 适应班级：国生物F0903班~F0906班考试方式：闭卷 本试卷考试分数占学生总评成绩的 80 %复查总分 总复查人一、将下列英单词或词组翻译成汉语（本题20 分，每小题0.5分）1、conception2、physiology3、untoward effect4、ingestion5、hazardous6、antagonist7、hypertension8、epinephrine9、first-pass effect10、high performance liquid chromatography 11、infrared spectroscopy 12、equilibrium constant 13、resolution 14、metabolite 15、lipophilic ity16、nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 17、drug delivery 18、eukaryote 19、smallpox 20、mitochondria《药学专业英语》试卷 第 1 页 （ 共 6 页 ）21、lipophilic compound 22、Good Laboratory Practice 23、embryo24、median lethal dose 25、deterioration 26、donor 27、feedback 28、second message 29、tumor30、mammalian 31、catalyst 32、oxide 33、affinity 34、solvent35、pharmacokinetics 36、dosage 37、titration38、process analytical technologies 39、absolute bioavailability二、将下列词语翻译成英语单词或词组（本题20分，每空0.5分）1、细菌2、碳水化合物3、血压4、消化5、炎症6、关节炎7、研究与开发8、标准偏差9、吸收 10、受体《药学专业英语》试卷 第 2 页 （ 共 6 页 ）学院名称 专业班级： 姓名： 学号：密 封 线 内 不 要 答 题┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃密 ┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃封 ┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃线┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃11、药物化学 12、构效关系 13、保质期 14、药理学 15、免疫学 16、药效学17、排泄物，分泌物excretion/feces 18、水解（作用） 19、生物转化 20、成瘾性 21、阻断药 22、急性反应 23、效应 24、扩散 25、气-固色谱法 26、机制 27、发酵 28、标准溶液 29、中医学 30、临床试验 31、血浆 32、固态 33、研究生课程 34、胶囊 35、染色体 36、酶 37、抑制剂 38、碱基 39、核糖体 40、口服液三、将下列英文文章翻译成汉语（本题30分）Separation TechniquesNearly all the samples presented to the pharmaceutical analyst are mixtures ，sometimes very complex ones. The determination of the amount of each isolated component is usually a simple《药学专业英语》试卷 第 3 页 （ 共 6 页 ）matter. The analysis of these same components in each other’s presence may ，however ，be difficult or even impossible because of interference by one substance in the assay of another. Interference can take several forms. The interfering substance can respond quantitatively to the analytical method for the desired component. An example is the interference caused by acetic acid in the assay of hydrochloric acid by titration with alkali. This is not an entirety hopeless situation ，for the analysis will at least yield the sum of the amounts of the desired component and the interfering component. Another common example is the interference observed in absorption spectroscopy when two solutes have overlapping absorption bands. Sometimes the interference is a partial, nonquantitative response to the assay. For example ，the nonaqueous titration of weakly acidic drugs in tablets containing stearic acid may be unsuccessful because of consumption of titrant by the stearie acid; this is not a reproducible effect ，probably because of incomplete dissolution of stearic acid in the titration medium. It is very difficult to compensate for interferences of this type. Another commonly encountered form of interference is an impairment of the analytical method for the desired component ，leading to nonquantitative results even for this component. A trace of copper in a sample of magnesium can vitiate a visual complexometric titration of the magnesium by poisoning the indicator. Another instance is the quenching of quinine fluorescence by hydrochloric acid.When an analytical method cannot be applied directly to a mixture because of possible interference ，a separation of the mixture into its components may be necessary.《药学专业英语》试卷 第 4 页 （ 共 6 页 ）学院名称 专业班级： 姓名： 学号：密 封 线 内 不 要 答 题┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃密 ┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃封┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃线┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃四、将下面两段文章翻译成英语（本题20分，每题10分）1、制药行业的从业者从事的是药品销售和买卖，以及药品的研究与开发。
制药工程专业英语课后练习题含答案 (2)
制药工程专业英语课后练习题含答案题目一：Drug Substance Manufacturing1.What is Drug Substance Manufacturing?–A. It is the process of producing a finished drug product.–B. It is the process of producing the activeingredient or drug substance used in a drug product.–C. It is the process of packaging and labeling a finished drug product.–D. It is the process of performing clinical trials ona drug product.Answer: B. It is the process of producing the active ingredient or drug substance used in a drug product.2.What are the steps involved in Drug Substance Manufacturing?–A. Synthesis, isolation, and purification.–B. Packaging, labeling, and testing.–C. Clinical trials, manufacturing, and distribution.–D. None of the above.Answer: A. Synthesis, isolation, and purification.3.What is the mn purpose of Drug Substance Manufacturing?–A. To produce a finished drug product for human use.–B. To provide the active ingredient or drug substance used in a drug product.–C. To test and validate the safety and efficacy of a drug product.–D. To distribute a drug product to consumers.Answer: B. To provide the active ingredient or drug substance used in a drug product.题目二：Pharmaceutical Formulation1.What is Pharmaceutical Formulation?–A. It is the process of producing a finished drug product.–B. It is the process of selecting and combining ingredients to produce a drug product.–C. It is the process of packaging and labeling a finished drug product.–D. It is the process of performing clinical trials ona drug product.Answer: B. It is the process of selecting and combining ingredients to produce a drug product.2.What are the key considerations in PharmaceuticalFormulation?–A. Safety, efficacy, and stability.–B. Cost, avlability, and taste.–C. Appearance, texture, and smell.–D. None of the above.Answer: A. Safety, efficacy, and stability.3.What is the role of excipients in Pharmaceutical Formulation?–A. They are the active ingredients in a drug product.–B. They are the inactive ingredients in a drug product that help to improve its properties.–C. They are the ingredients in a drug product that are responsible for the color and flavor.–D. None of the above.Answer: B. They are the inactive ingredients in a drug product that help to improve its properties.题目三：Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)1.What is Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)?–A. It is a set of regulations and guidelines that ensure the quality and safety of pharmaceutical products.–B. It is a set of regulations and guidelines that ensure the efficacy of pharmaceutical products.–C. It is a set of regulations and guidelines that ensure the affordability of pharmaceutical products.–D. None of the above.Answer: A. It is a set of regulations and guidelines that ensure the quality and safety of pharmaceutical products.2.What are the key components of Good Manufacturing Practice(GMP)?–A. Quality control, documentation, and facility design.–B. Clinical trials, manufacturing, and distribution.–C. Cost control, inventory management, and customer service.–D. None of the above.Answer: A. Quality control, documentation, and facility design.3.Why is Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) important?–A. It helps to ensure the quality and safety ofpharmaceutical products.–B. It helps to reduce the cost of producingpharmaceutical products.–C. It helps to increase the avlability ofpharmaceutical products.–D. None of the above.Answer: A. It helps to ensure the quality and safety of pharmaceutical products.总结本文介绍了制药工程专业英语中的几个重要概念和术语，包括Drug Substance Manufacturing（药品物质制造）、Pharmaceutical Formulation（制剂开发）以及Good Manufacturing Practice（良好生产规范）。
专业英语试卷-生物制药.doc
(1) agrochemical 农业化学的(2) cytotoxic 细胞毒素的pharmacognosy(6) fluidisation 流态化 (7) periplasmic 原生质外的cardiovascular牛药学 心血管的(4) toxicological(9) hepatic 毒理学的肝脏的 (5) bead (10) adaptability珠子，水珠 适应性二、Translate the following terms intoEnglish (1)浓度(6)杂质生物与制药工程专业英语期末考试学院: ____________________ 姓名: _______________________ 班级: _____________________ 学号: _______________________ 题序—- 二 三 四 五 六 七 总分一、Translate the following terms into Chineseimpurity(7) 成分与性状discrip tioii(8) 药理作用 phamacological actions(9) 气相色谱 gas chromatography(10) 离子色谱ion chromatographconcentrotion(2) 中性neutrali ty (3) 极易溶解very soluble (4) 定量分析quantitative analysis (5) 等当点equivalent point 三、Word Building (答够十个得满分)antiantibioticantibiotic 抗生素；抗菌的 ant 讦oam 消泡齐U antitussive 止咳药antihistaminic 抗组胺 剂 antineoplastic 抗月中瘤的 antidepressant 抗扌卬郁剂 antianginal 抗心绞痛 antibodv 抗体 an ticoagula nt 抗凝血齐 U an tifoaming^j 沫的 antifun gal 抗真菌 G 勺 anti ・in fectives 抗感染药物antioxidant 抗氧剂 antithrombin 抗凝血酶an tit ode 解毒剂 等(1) Biologists and chemists divide compounds into two principal classes,inorganic and organic.生物学家和化学家将化合物分为两类，无机和有机。
生物制药专业英语试卷
2011 至2012 学年第 2 学期药学专业英语试卷A卷出卷教师：适应班级：国生物F0904班~F0906班考试方式：闭卷本试卷考试分数占学生总评成绩的80 %复查总分总复查人一、英译汉（本题20 分，每小题0.5分）abnormality ---- genetical ----homeostasis ---- physiology ----globulins ---- thrombus ----acute inflammation ---- mammalian ----benign ---- catalyst -----indicator ---- receptor ----dysfunction ---- immunology ----pharmacology ---- thyroxine ----elimination ---- mollify ----feces ---- local anesthetic ----kanamycin ---- noradrenaline ----untoward reaction ---- volatility ----mechanism ---- sensitivity ----boiling point ---- density ----《药学专业英语》试卷第 1 页（共 6 页）plasma ---- ionization ----distribution coefficient ---- drug metabolism ---target site ---- insulin ----fibrosis ---- essence----deoxyribose ---- pneumococci ----transformation ---- connotation ----二、汉译英（本题20分，每空0.5分）腺瘤动脉粥样硬化癌病原学胃炎吸收氨基酸密度乳糖药物化学镇痛药阻断药效能麻黄碱地高辛缓冲液滴定微量混合的活化烧杯离解反离子精密度血清外消旋的粉剂稀释剂《药学专业英语》试卷第 2 页（共 6 页）学院名称专业班级姓名：学号：密封线内不要答题┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃密┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃封┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃线┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃角蛋白 丝心蛋白 探针 血友病 腺嘌呤 突变，变异 核糖 酶原胚胎 药物释放 上皮的 咖啡因三、文章翻译（本题25分）Biochemistry and Human BiologyFirst, biochemistry is an intrinsically beautiful and fascinating body of knowledge. We now know the essence and many the details of the most fundamental processes in biochemistry, such as how a single molecule of DNA replicates to generate two identical copies of itself and how the sequence of bases in a DNA molecule determines the sequence of amino acids in an encoded protein. Our ability to describe these processes in detailed, mechanistic terms places a firm chemical foundation under other biological sciences. Moreover, the realization that we can understand essential life processes, such as the transmission of hereditary information, as chemical structures and their reactions has significant philosophical implications. What does it mean,bilchemically, to be human? What are the biochemical differences between a human being, a chimpanzee, a mouse, and a fruit fly? Are we more similar than we are different?Second, biochemistry is greatly influencing medicine and other fields. The molecular lesions causing sickle cell anemia, cystic fibrosis, hemophilia, and many other genetic diseases have been elucidated at the biochemical level. Some of the molecular events that contribute to cancer development have been identified. An understanding of the underlying defects opens the door to the discovery of effective therapies. Biochemistry makes possible the rational design of new drugs, including specific inhibitors of enzymes required for the replication of viruses such as《药学专业英语》试卷 第 3 页 （ 共 6 页 ）used as “factories ” to produce valuable proteins such as insulin and stimulators of blood-cell development. Biochemistry is also contributing richly to clinical diagnostics. For example, elevated levels of telltale enzymes in the blood reveal whether a patient has recently had a myocardial infarction(heart attack). DNA probes are coming into play in the precise diagnosis of inherited disorders, infectious diseases, and cancers. Agriculture, too, is benefiting from advances in biochemistry with the development of more effective, environmentally safer herbicides and pesticides and the creation of genetically engineered plants that are, for example, more resistant to insects. All of these endeavors are being accelerated by the advances in genomic sequencing.四、把下面段落译为英文（本题25分）《药学专业英语》试卷 第 4 页 （ 共 6 页 ）学院名 专业班级： 姓名 学号密 封 线 内 不 要 答 题┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃ 密┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃ 封┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃ 线┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃到现在为止，蛋白质最大的分类就是酶类。
制药工程专业英语--1单元
制药工程专业英语--1单元Unit 11.Depending on their production or origin pharmaceutical agents can be splitinto three groups: Totally synthetic material (synthetics) Naturalproducts ,and Product from partial syntheses (semi-synthetic products)依据其生产或来源，药物制剂可以分为三类：I.完全的合成材料（人工合成材料），II.天然产物，和III.源自部分合成的产品（半合成产品）。
2.The emphasis of the present book is on the most important compoundsof groups I and III-thus Drug synthesis.翻译：所以本书的重点是I和III部分的药物合成。
本书的重点是在于Ⅰ和Ⅲ类中最重要的化合物——药物合成。
3.This does not mean, however , that natural products or other agents areless important.然而这并不意味着，天然产物和其他试剂不重要。
4.they can serve as valuable lead structures, and they are frequently needed as starting materials or as intermediates fo r important synthetic products.它们可以作为有价值的先导结构，他们常常作为重要的合成产品的起始原料或中间体产品。
5：Table1gives an overview of the different methods for obtaining pharmaceutical agents.表1列出了获取药物制剂的不同方法的概述。
制药工程专业英语第1、5、6、7、9、11、13、16、21、24、25单元文章翻译(吴达俊庄思永)
1、生产的药品其生产或出身不同药剂可以分为三类：Ⅰ.完全（合成纤维）合成材料，Ⅱ.天然产物，和Ⅲ.产品从（半合成产品）的部分合成。
本书的重点是团体的最重要的化合物Ⅰ和Ⅲ一所以药物合成。
这并不意味着，但是，天然产品或其他代理人并不太重要。
它们可以作为有价值的领导结构，他们常常为原料，或作为重要的合成中间体产品的需要。
表1给出了获取药剂的不同方法的概述。
（表1对药物的可能性准备）方法举例1、全合成，超过75％的药剂（合成纤维）2、分离（天然产物）天然来源：2.1植物-生物碱;酶;心甙，多糖，维生素E;类固醇的前体（薯蓣皂素，sitosterin），柠檬醛（中间产品维生素A，E和K）2.2动物器官一酶;肽激素;胆酸从胆;胰岛素）从胰脏;血清和疫苗2.3从角蛋白和明胶L -氨基酸;三一胆固醇从羊毛油脂的其他来源水解3.一抗生素发酵; L -氨基酸，葡聚糖，对类固醇有针对性的修改,例如11 -羟基化;也胰岛素，干扰素，抗体，肽激素，酶，疫苗4。
部分合成修改（半合成剂）天然产品: 一生物碱化合物;半合成/ 3-内酰胺类抗生素;类固醇;人胰岛素其中几个重要的治疗作用最初是从天然产品天然来源获得更有效的今天，我。
大肠杆菌更经济的准备..由全合成。
这样的例子包括L-氨基酸，氯霉素，咖啡因，多巴胺，肾上腺素，左旋多巴，肽类激素，前列腺素，D -青霉胺，长春胺，以及几乎所有的维生素。
在过去的几年里发酵-岛大肠杆菌微生物过程变得极其重要。
通过现代技术和基因选择的结果导致了突变体的微生物创造高性能，发酵，已成为首选方法各种各样的物质。
这两个Eukaryonts（酵母菌和霉菌）和Prokaryonts（单细胞细菌，放线菌和）用于微生物。
下列产品类型可以得到：1.细胞的物质（单细胞蛋白），2.酶，3.主要降解产物（主要代谢物），4.二级降解产物（次生代谢物）。
不顾来自某些微生物，大肠杆菌粘膜生产的葡聚糖克明串珠mesenteroides，2和3级是毒品有关的准备工作。