医学课件双语2-消化系统The Digestive System
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双语医学课件2-消化系统the digestive system
化合物/蛋白质/脂肪分解
水/维生素/电解液通过传输，
扩散或易化扩散 经肠
道黏膜 吸收。
Intestinal Digestion and Asborption
肠道消化与吸收
Intestinal Motility 肠道运动
食糜刺激肠道运动 混合有来自肝脏，胰腺和肠腺的分泌物 搅拌运动 腔内物接触到绒毛吸收细胞 推进
小肠运动
Chyme stimulates intestinal movements Mix in secretion from the liver, pancreas, and intestinal glands a churning motion brings the luminal content into contact with the absorbing cells of the villi. Advance the chyme toward the large intestine.
What are the four layers? (Concentric layers)
Sublayers
Intrinsic nerves (内神经)
The gastrointestinal tract 胃肠道
(Meissner plexus) 黏膜下层神经丛 （即迈斯纳神经丛） The s来自bmucosal plexus
4.形成丰富的侧支循环
form a rich collateral circulation
3.分叉深入浆膜和肌层
branch and penetrate the serosa and muscle layers
Cardiovascular System: Major Vessels
双语-消化系统PPT课件
肝和胆囊的功能
肝的功能
肝是人体内主要的代谢器官，具有合成、分解、代谢和排泄 等多种功能。肝能够合成蛋白质、脂肪和糖原等物质，同时 还能将食物中的有毒物质进行分解和转化，以减少对机体的 损害。
胆囊的功能
胆囊主要功能是储存胆汁，胆汁由肝脏分泌，通过胆管流入 胆囊。在消化食物时，胆囊通过收缩将胆汁排入肠道，帮助 消化脂肪。
反流性食管炎
食管裂孔疝
由于胃酸反流导致食管黏膜炎症，引 起烧心、胸痛等症状。
由于食管裂孔扩大，导致胃或其他腹 腔脏器进入胸腔，引起胸痛、呼吸困 难等症状。
食管癌
食管黏膜上皮细胞异常增生导致的恶 性肿瘤，与长期吸烟、饮酒、遗传等 因素有关。
04 胃
胃的结构
胃的解剖结构
胃是一个囊袋形的器官，分为贲门、胃底、胃体和幽门四个部分。
口腔溃疡
舌炎
口腔溃疡是一种常见的口腔黏膜疾病，表 现为口腔黏膜的疼痛性溃疡，通常与饮食 、免疫等因素有关。
舌炎是指舌头部位的炎症性疾病，常见症 状包括舌头疼痛、红肿、味觉障碍等。
03 食管
食管的结构
食管的组成
食管是由肌肉和黏膜组成 的管状结构，连接咽部和 胃部。
食管的长度
食管长约25厘米，分为颈 部、胸部和腹部三个部分。
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分泌唾液、胃酸、酶等 消化液，帮助分解食物。
通过收缩运动将食物与 消化液混合，促进消化。
通过循环系统将营养物 质输送到身体各个部位。
通过排泄系统将废物排 出体外。
02 口腔
口腔的结构
牙齿
牙齿是口腔的主要组成部分， 用于咀嚼食物，并具有保护口
腔和面部结构的作用。
唇和颊
唇和颊是口腔的入口和出口， 具有保护口腔内部结构和协助 发音的功能。
双语医学课件2-消化系统thedigestivesystem
急性胃炎
由食物中毒、药物、应激、酒精 或创伤引起，症状包括恶心、呕 吐、腹痛和腹泻。
慢性胃炎
通常由幽门螺杆菌感染或自身免 疫反应引起，症状可能包括上腹 部疼痛、饱胀感、反酸和消化不 良。
胃溃疡
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胃溃疡是由于胃酸和蛋白酶的消 化作用引起的胃黏膜损伤，通常 由于饮食不规律、压力、吸烟和 饮酒等引起。
通畅。
限酒戒烟
定期体检
吸烟和过量饮酒都会对 消化道产生刺激和损害，
应尽量避免或控制。
定期进行消化系统检查， 及时发现并处理潜在问
题。
治疗手段
药物治疗
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
手术治疗
根据病情需要，医生会开具相应的药物进 行治疗，如抗生素、抗炎药、止泻药等。
对于某些严重的消化系统疾病，如肠道梗 阻、消化道出血等，可能需要进行手术治 疗。
症状可能包括疲劳、食欲不振、恶心、呕吐、右上腹疼痛和 黄疸。
胆结石
胆结石是在胆囊内形成的硬结，通常由胆固醇、胆盐和钙盐的异常沉积引起。 症状可能包括右上腹疼痛、消化不良、恶心和呕吐。
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消化系统疾病的预防与治 疗
预防措施
保持卫生
经常洗手，注意饮食卫 生，避免食用不干净或
过期食物。
规律饮食
保持规律的饮食习惯， 避免暴饮暴食，适量摄 入膳食纤维，保持肠道
在某些情况下，适当的营养补充 可能有助于改善健康状况，但应
在医生的指导下进行。
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吸收营养
吸收消化后的营养物质， 如氨基酸、葡萄糖、脂肪 酸和维生素等，以满足身 体正常生理功能的需要。
排泄废物
将未消化的食物残渣和废 物排出体外，保持身体内 环境的稳定。
消化系统(英文版) PPT课件
The liver, gallbladder, and pancreas are accessory organs of the digestive system that are closely associated with the small intestine.
The large intestine is made up of three portions: the ascending, transverse and descending colon. It is the portion of the digestive system most responsible for absorption of water from the indigestible residue of food. The ileocecal valve of the ileum (small intestine) passes material into the large intestine at the cecum. Material passes through the ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid portions of the colon, and finally into the rectum. From the rectum and anus, the waste is expelled from the body.
Liver is the largest gland in the body. On the surface, the liver is divided into two major lobes and two smaller lobes. It overlies and almost completely covers the stomach.
The large intestine is made up of three portions: the ascending, transverse and descending colon. It is the portion of the digestive system most responsible for absorption of water from the indigestible residue of food. The ileocecal valve of the ileum (small intestine) passes material into the large intestine at the cecum. Material passes through the ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid portions of the colon, and finally into the rectum. From the rectum and anus, the waste is expelled from the body.
Liver is the largest gland in the body. On the surface, the liver is divided into two major lobes and two smaller lobes. It overlies and almost completely covers the stomach.
关于消化系统的英文PPT幻灯片
Mouth Pharynx Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine Liver Gallbladder Pancreas
Accessory organs of the digestive system
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The oral cavity
The teeth The tongue The palate
The colon has 3 divisions : the ascending colon, the transverse colon, the sigmoid colon. As fluid waste from the small intestine pass through various sections of the colon ,water is reabsorbed into body.
•The tongue manipulates food in the mouth during
mastication and deglutition.
•The palate the hard plate and the soft plate (the uvula
hanging from the soft plate)
Chewing and swallowing
•The teeth are used to cut ,tear and crush food into smaller
pieces. Each tooth consists of pulp, cementum and enamel.The teeth are classified incisors , cuspids and molars.
消化系统 英文版
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The gallbladder is a pear-shaped sac that is attached to the visceral surface of the liver by the cystic duct. The principal function of the gallbladder is to serve as a storage reservoir for bile. Bile salts act as emulsifying agents in the digestion and absorption of fats. It is secreted from the intestine and specifically the duodenum.
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The stomach is divided into the fundic, cardiac, body, and pyloric regions. The stomach has three layers of muscle: an outer longitudinal layer, a middle circular layer, and an inner oblique layer. The inner lining consists of four layers: the serosa, the muscularis, the submucosa, and the mucosa. The mucosa is densely packed with gastric glands, which contain cells that produce digestive enzymes, hydrochloric acid, and mucus. The stomach is a multi-functional organ, it stores food, breaks it down and then empties it into the small intestine.
双语医学课件-消化系统TheDigestive
胃溃疡
病因
胃酸和蛋白酶的消化是形成胃溃 疡的主要因素，长期不良饮食习 惯、精神压力大、药物刺激等也
可能导致胃溃疡。
症状
上腹疼痛、饱胀、反酸、嗳气等 是胃溃疡的常见症状，严重时可
出现出血、穿孔等并发症。
治疗
药物治疗是胃溃疡的主要治疗方 法，同时需要改善饮食习惯和生
活方式。
肠道疾病
肠易激综合征
一种功能性肠病，表现为 腹痛、腹胀、排便习惯改 变等症状，但无器质性病 变。
胃
通过胃酸和消化酶进一步分解 食物，并与消化液混合形成食 糜。
大肠
包括盲肠、结肠和直肠，主要 负责吸收水分和形成粪便。
消化系统的生理作用
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分泌消化液
口腔、胃和小肠等器官分 泌消化液，如唾液、胃酸、 胆汁和胰液，以帮助分解 食物。
蠕动运动
消化道的肌肉通过蠕动运 动推动食物向下移动，促 进食物的消化和吸收。
调节消化
神经系统和激素对消化系 统进行调节，控制消化液 的分泌、胃肠的蠕动以及 吸收过程。
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消化系统的结构
口腔
口腔是消化系统的起始部分，主 要功能是咀嚼食物，为后续的消
化做准备。
口腔内有牙齿、舌、唾液腺等结 构，共同完成咀嚼和吞咽的动作。
口腔还是呼吸系统的入口，具有 感受味道的功能。
食管
食管是连接口腔和胃 的管道，主要功能是 输送食物进入胃。
避免久坐
长时间久坐会影响肠道蠕动，增加消化系统疾病的风险，应尽量避免 长时间保持同一姿势。
运动前的热身和运动后的放松
进行适当的热身和放松活动，有助于预防运动损伤和促进身体恢复。
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消化系统的英文PPT演示课件
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• The small intestine is the region of the gut where nearly all of the chemical digestion of the nutrition components of food take place.
• It divided into 3 sections:1)the duodenum 2)the jejunum 3)the ileum
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The stomach
It is composed of an upper portion called fundus,a middle section known as the body and a lower portion, called the antrum.
The cardiac sphincter relaxes and contracts to move food from the esophagus into the stomach ,whereas the pyloric sphincter allows food to leave the stomach when it sufficiently digested.
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• The pharynx or throat ,is a passageway for food from the mouth to the esophagus and as a passway for air from nose to the windpipe.
As the stomach fills ,the rugae unfolded, exposing the digestive glands and stimulating them to secret digestive enzymes and hydrochloric acid. These substances help transform food present to a semifluid substance.
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• The small intestine is the region of the gut where nearly all of the chemical digestion of the nutrition components of food take place.
• It divided into 3 sections:1)the duodenum 2)the jejunum 3)the ileum
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The stomach
It is composed of an upper portion called fundus,a middle section known as the body and a lower portion, called the antrum.
The cardiac sphincter relaxes and contracts to move food from the esophagus into the stomach ,whereas the pyloric sphincter allows food to leave the stomach when it sufficiently digested.
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• The pharynx or throat ,is a passageway for food from the mouth to the esophagus and as a passway for air from nose to the windpipe.
As the stomach fills ,the rugae unfolded, exposing the digestive glands and stimulating them to secret digestive enzymes and hydrochloric acid. These substances help transform food present to a semifluid substance.
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stomach
A h circulation
Gastric Vein liver
Splenic Vein
静止状态下没有壁张力 In resting state, no wall tension.
吞咽动作致使底部松弛
Swallowing causes the fundus to relax.
Stomach 胃
1. 血液通过腹腔一支动脉输入胃中 Blood is supplied to the stomach by a branch of the celiac artery. 2. 主动脉沿胃大弯和胃小弯分布 Major arteries lie along the greater and lesser curvatures. 3. 分叉深入浆膜和肌层 branch and penetrate the serosa and muscle layers 4. 形成丰富的侧支循环 form a rich collateral circulation
Gastric Motility 胃运动
食物存储在垂直层或斜纤层 Food is stored in vertical or oblique layers 液体相对快速地流入胃窦
Fluids flow relatively quickly down to the antrum.
蠕动波使胃动力开始增强 Gastric motility increases with peristaltic waves (蠕动收缩频率)同时受神经和激素活动影响。 Influenced by neural and hormonal activity.
1.Three pairs of salivary glands
1 liter of saliva per day salivation 唾液分泌
1.Three pairs of salivary glands
1 liter of saliva per day salivation 唾液分泌
2. Autonomic nervous system (自主神经系统)controls salivation. (sympathetic and parasympathetic) (But not regulated by hormones)
肠肌神经丛 （即奥尔巴赫神经丛)
The subserosal plexus
浆膜下神经网丛
Mouth and Esophagus 口腔和食道
唾液 saliva 味蕾 taste buds 嗅神经 olfactory nerves 胃液的分泌 the secretion of gastric juice 恒牙 permanent teeth 咀嚼 mastication 食管 esophagus 蠕动 peristalsis 外层纵向肌 outer longitudinal layers of muscles 内层环形肌 inner circular layers of muscles
Intrinsic nerves (内神经)
The submucosal plexus (Meissner plexus) What are the three nerve plexuses?
黏膜下层神经丛 （即迈斯纳神经丛）
The myenteric plexus (Auerbach plexus)
Cardiovascular System: Major Vessels
1. renal artery 肾动脉 2.vertebral artery 脊椎动脉 3. subclavian artery 锁骨下动脉 4. aorta 主动脉 5. coronary artery 冠状动脉 6. celiac artery 腹腔动脉 7. superior mesenteric artery 肠系膜上动脉 8. lumbar artery 腰动脉 9. inferior mesenteric artery 肠系膜下动脉 10. gonadal artery 生殖腺动脉
食糜 chyme 十二指肠 duodenum
Stomach 胃 The stomach’s major anatomic boundaries:
食管括约肌 贲门 胃大弯和胃小
弯
幽门括约肌
十二指肠
What are the functional areas of the stomach? fundus, body, antrum
(Para. 1)
Gastrointestinal tract 胃肠道 Accessory organs 辅助器官
The gastrointestinal tract 胃肠道
The organization of the gastrointestinal tract
What are the four layers? (Concentric layers) Sublayers
1. renal artery 肾动脉 2. vertebral artery 脊椎动脉 3. subclavian artery 锁骨下动脉 4. aorta 主动脉 5. coronary artery 冠状动脉 6. celiac artery 腹腔动脉 7. superior mesenteric artery 肠系膜上动 8. lumbar artery 腰动脉 9. inferior mesenteric artery 肠系膜下动 10. gonadal artery 生殖腺动脉
胃壁 stomach wall 斜肌层 a layer of oblique muscle
Stomach 胃 中环层和外纵层在胃底最薄 The circular and longitudinal layers of muscle are thinnest in the fundus. 胃体和胃窦逐渐变厚 The layers become progressively thicker in the body and antrum. 胃粘膜 the mucosa of the stomach