Lecture 8翻译技巧(词义的延伸)

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lecture 8 翻译技巧七 语态变换法

lecture 8 翻译技巧七 语态变换法

1). It’s believed that her plans for a movie career had all been merely a pipe dream. 有人说她那些当明星的计划全都是些非非遐想罢了。
英语中以it 做形式主语,以被动语态作谓语,其后跟一个由that引导的主语从句的结构很多。这种结 构在译成汉语时,除把it一律省略外,通常有两种处理方法: 1.在被动语态前加“人们”、“有人”、“我们”、“大家”等词 2.用“据……”等短语译出
2). It is estimated that Americans spend up to five years of their lives in that tedious, stressful but unavoidable process known as waiting. 据估计,美国人一生中, 在乏味而令人厌烦, 却又躲避 不掉的等待上所耗费的时间,竟达五年之多。
到目前为止,二氧化硫一直被看作是这些污染物中
最严重的一种。
3) All around, the hills were black with oil, and some
were hidden by gas and drifting oil spray. 四周,由于蒙上了一层油,山峦是黑色的,有的山 峦则被天然气和在风中飘洒的喷油遮挡住了。 4) The thrust force of an airplane is produced by the propeller. 飞机的推力由螺旋桨所产生。
近四十岁时,由于事业上的挫折,他几乎为失意所 毁。
8) The laws of motion will be discussed in the next articles.

专八翻译6大翻译技巧整理

专八翻译6大翻译技巧整理

专八翻译6大翻译技巧整理一、确立主干1、确立主语(1)避免主语机械对应这个地区雨比较多。

It rains a lot in this area.(2)方位词或时间词在主语位置山下住着一位老妇人。

There lives an old lady at the foot of the mountain.(3)用it做主语翻译主语是复合结构的汉语信不信是你的事。

It is your concern whether you believe me or not.最好是等他们回来。

It is advisable to wait till they come back.勤能补拙It is diligence that makes for deficiency.2、确立谓语:英语的动词通常只能由某个动词或者系表结构担任在人际关系上我们不要太浪漫主义。

We shouldn't be too romantic about personal relationship.当他活着一天,总要尽量多工作、多学习,不肯虚度年华,不让时间白白地浪费掉。

As long as he is living, he always works and studies as hard as possible, unwilling to dream his life away, let alone waste even a single moment of life.二、语序调整1、定语的位置:英语中,单词充当定语时多为前置,短语和从句充当定语时多为后置。

钓鱼是一项能陶冶性情的运动,有益于身心健康。

Fishing is an outdoor sport that can cultivate your mind and it is good for your mental and physical health.2、状语的位置他是1970年5月20日在北京朝阳区出生的。

lecture的意思用法大全

lecture的意思用法大全

lecture的意思用法大全lecture的意思n. 演讲,训斥,教训vi. 作演讲vt. 给…作演讲,教训(通常是长篇大论的)变形:过去式: lectured; 现在分词:lecturing; 过去分词:lectured;lecture用法lecture可以用作名词lecture主要指教育性或学术性“演讲”,引申可指“冗长的训斥或谴责”。

lecture是可数名词,其后接介词on或about ,意为“关于…的演讲”“就…做演讲”“因…训斥或谴责某人”。

lecture作“讲演,讲课”解时,是不及物动词。

说“讲授某课程”时常与介词on连用,说“在某地讲演”时常与介词at〔in〕连用。

lecture用作名词的用法例句She ran over her notes before giving the lecture.她讲课前把讲稿匆匆看了一遍。

His lecture covered various aspects of language.他的讲课涉及到语言诸方面的问题。

They could not follow the lecture.他们听不懂这次演讲。

lecture可以用作动词lecture作“讲演,讲课”解时,是不及物动词。

说“讲授某课程”时常与介词on连用,说“在某地讲演”时常与介词at〔in〕连用。

lecture也可用作及物动词,意思是“向…讲演,给…讲课”,接名词或代词作宾语。

lecture还可作“责备”“教训”“训斥”解,用作及物动词,接名词或代词作宾语。

“因…而受到训斥”可说lecture sb for n./v -ing。

lecture用作动词的用法例句It was a shame for me to be lectured in front of the whole class.当着整个班级的面被训斥了一顿,真让我感到羞辱。

He lectured to his students on modern writers.他给学生们讲了关于现代作家的一课。

lecture用法最全详解(含习题)

lecture用法最全详解(含习题)

2.lecturelecture /ˈlektʃə(r)/ 词频4n. 讲座;讲课;教训. vi. (开)讲座;讲课. vt. 训斥派:lecturer 词频2 n.演讲者;(大学)讲师①高义频vi.&n.(尤指大学中的)讲座;讲课;演讲go to/attend a lecture 听讲座deliver/give a lecture做讲座a lecture on/about 关于……的讲课/训斥e.g. He lectures on literature at Manchester University. 他在曼彻斯特大学教文学。

②低义频vi.&n.教训;训斥lecture sb. about/on...因……训斥某人give sb. a lecture 给某人一个教训e.g. He’s always lecturing me about the way I dress. 他总是对我的穿着说三道四。

e.g. I know I should stop drinking-don’t give me a lecture about it.我知道我该戒酒,别教训我了。

1.单词拼写(1)I went to the ___(讲座) he gave in the hall.(lecture)(2)He learned a ___(教训)from this thing-he should stop smoking for his health.(lecture)(3)Professor Smith will give a l___ in Fudan University this evening about the history of English.(lecture)(4)She suffered a bad cold. As a result, she missed the ___(讲座) she liked very much.(lecture)(5)She preferred that we should have the discussion right after the ___(讲座).(lecture)(6)Please stop___(lecture) me! I know I should quit smoking.2.语法填空(1)The ___ (lecture) spoke very clearly so that we could hear every word.(lecturer) 3. 完成句子(1)He ___ ___ ___ ___time management to first-year students___ ___ ___ ___.他在报告厅给一年级学生做关于时间管理的讲座。

Lecture 10 分译与扩展

Lecture 10 分译与扩展

长句的分译
逆序法(换序法) 逆序法(换序法)
例1 It was certain that man will eventually solve the riddle of UFO. 人类最后必将解开不明飞行物之谜。这一点是可以肯定的。 人类最后必将解开不明飞行物之谜。这一点是可以肯定的。 例2 The earth’s revolution around the sun is known to all of us. 我们都知道,地球绕太阳运行。(或者:地球绕着太阳转, 。(或者 我们都知道,地球绕太阳运行。(或者:地球绕着太阳转, 这是众所周知的。) 这是众所周知的。) 例3 The heaviest load on his mind, //after s conversation with the slave trader, //lay in the foreseen necessity //of breaking to his wife the arrangement contemplated.
特殊表达方式,需拆离, 特殊表达方式,需拆离,增词完善结构
例1 His addition complete the list. 把他的名字添上,名单就完备了。 的名字添上 把他的名字添上,名单就完备了。 例2 She inspected the table for dust with her finger. 她伸出一个手指抹了一下桌子,看看有没有灰尘。 她伸出一个手指抹了一下桌子,看看有没有灰尘。
类型: 类型:
词义分译 词或短语脱句单译 从句与主句分离, 从句与主句分离,单独成句
词语搭配的分译
“一拖二” 一拖二” 一拖二 两个词, 两个词,分别搭配
例1 But this naval competition strained the Liberal Government’s principles as well as their budgets. 但是,这种海军竞赛使自由党政府的原则无法自圆其说 原则无法自圆其说, 但是,这种海军竞赛使自由党政府的原则无法自圆其说, 也使其预算捉襟见肘 预算捉襟见肘。 也使其预算捉襟见肘。 例2 Do not apply body lotions or perfumes while wearing silk garment; chemicals are harmful to silk. 穿丝绸服装不宜抹润肤露 洒香水之类 抹润肤露、 之类, 穿丝绸服装不宜抹润肤露、洒香水之类,化学产品对丝 绸有害。 绸有害。

lecture翻译技巧八顺序和逆序法

lecture翻译技巧八顺序和逆序法
技巧7-语态变换法翻译练习:
1. The dockers were seen unloading the chemical fertilizer from S.S. “Apollo”.
2. The Finnish Trade Mission was given a warm welcome by their counterparts.
我们天天在教室里认真学习。
2. His address is 518 Wenhua Road, Guzan Town, PA626001, Kangding. 他的地址是康定县姑咱镇文化路518号,邮编编码 626001。
3. They were badly defeated at Luding in November, 1945. 他们于1945年11月在泸定附近大败。
+post-) both his two sisters (pre- + central + post-)
我的三位朋友 她的许多本书
Fourth, general principal for placing several attributive modifiers before noun in Chinese:
predeterminer + central determiner + postdeterminer
all the four teachers (pre- + central + post-) all your three books (pre- + central + post-) all these last few days (pre-+central+post-

网友整理的专八翻译经验与技巧

网友整理的专八翻译经验与技巧

专八翻译技巧有人误以为,所谓合乎翻译标准,就是在把一种语言转换为另一种语言时,做到“不增不减”。

翻译实践告诉我们,由于两种语言表达方式上存在差异,翻译时往往都是“既增又减”。

这种根据各自语言特点,在具体上下文中适当地“增、减”,就是我们所要讨论的翻译技巧。

词量增减,是指根据原文上下文的意思、逻辑关系以及译文语言句法特点和表达习惯,在翻译时增加原文字面没有出现但实际内容已包含的词,或者减去原文虽有但译文语言表达用不着的词。

必须指出的是,词量增减必须防止两个倾向:一是添枝加叶,任意发挥;二是避难就易,肆意裁割。

1、增词增词,从理论上说可以增加任何词,但在什么时候增加什么样的词,才能恰到好处,而不超出一定界限,则需要悉心体会。

下面试分析几个译例:1)A book, tight shut, is but a block of paper.译文一:一本书,紧紧合上,只是一叠纸。

译文二:一本书,如果紧紧合上不读,只是一叠纸。

译文三:一本书,如果紧紧合上不读,只是一叠废纸。

译文四:闲置之书只是一叠废纸。

上面同一个句子四个译文,可以体现翻译不同层次。

译文一,与原文似乎丝丝入扣,但却显得支离破碎、关系不清、语意不足;译文二,增加了“如果……不读”,意思明白无误,只是觉得言犹未尽;译文三,又增加了一个废字,这可是点睛之举。

能否译出这个废字,是翻译这个句子的关键。

一个废字,说话者语意才得以充分表达。

译文三不足之处,就是行文拖沓累赘;而译文四则简明扼要,笔酣墨浓了。

2)Success is often just an idea away.译文一:成功往往只是一个念头的距离。

译文二:成功往往只是一念之差。

译文三:成功与否往往只是一念之差。

译文一让人看后莫名其妙;译文二改变说法,但仍让人似懂非懂,而译文三只是简简单单增加了一个“与否”,但却使人豁然开朗!原句意思表达得淋漓尽致。

如同文学翻译一样,经贸文字翻译增词现象也是千变万化。

Lecture 8

Lecture 8

• 他们同意分工干,每人翻译全书的三分之 一。They agreed on a division of labor, each to translate one third of the book. • 村上的人三三两两来访问工作队,有的是 来求教的,有的是来讨消息的。 • The villagers came in twos and threes to visit the working team, some to seek advice, some to get news.


她一只手提个篮子,内中有个破碗,空的, 另一只手拿着一根比他自己还高的竹竿, 下端开了裂。 In one hand she carried a basket in which was broken bowl, empty. In the other she held a bamboo pole, longer than herself, split at the bottom.
• To tell you the truth, I drank so much wine that I remember nothing. 老实告诉你,我 喝酒太多了,以至于什么都记不清了。 • To begin with, we must consider the problem all-sided. 首先,我们必须全面考 虑这个问题。
• 他是一位天才的语言学家,他对德、法、 英等语言同样精通。 • A gifted linguist, he was equally at home in French, German, and English.
第三类:独立不定式:表示让步,条件,结 果,以及插入成分
• 尽管活上一千年,一个人也学不够。To live a thousand years, one may not learn enough. • 即使走遍天涯海角,也找不到像这样的东西。To go to the world’s end, you could not find another like it. • To hear him speak English, one would take him for an Englishman. • 他扑通一声掉到海里,再也没有起来。He fell plop into the sea, never to rise again. • 他一去不复返。He is gone, never to return. • to say nothing of, not to speak of, not to mention.
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英语中,特别在现代英语中,常常用一个表示具体形象 的词来表示一种属性、一个事物或一种概念。翻译这类 词时,一般可将其词义作抽象化的引伸,译文才能流畅、 自然。 将表示具体形象的词译成该形象所代表的属性的词 There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of the imperialists. 帝国主义者的性格既残暴,又狡猾。 这里把tiger(老虎)和ape(猿)这两个具体形象引伸 为这两个形象所代表的属性:“残暴”和“狡猾”。 Every life has its roses and thorns. 每个人的生活都有甜和苦。 这里把roses(玫瑰)和thorns(刺)这两个具体形象 引伸为这两个形象所代表的属性:“甜”和“苦”。

I have butterflies in my stomach. 我很紧张。 (8)In the modern world salt has many uses beyond the dining table. 在现代世界上,盐除了供食用外,还有许多其他 用途。(dining table原文为"饭桌")
水译:有些书可供一尝,有些书可以吞下,有不多的几 部书则应当咀嚼消化;这就是说,有些书只要读读他们 的一部分就够了,有些书可以全读,但是不必过于细心 地读;还有不多的几部书则应当全读,勤读,而且用心 地读。 王译:书有可浅尝者,有可吞食者,少数则须咀嚼消化。 换言之,有只须读其部分者,有只须大体涉猎者,少数 则须全读,读时须全神贯注,孜孜不倦。


词义的具体化引伸 将词义作具体化的引申,就是把原文中的某些 比较抽象和笼统的词在译文中引申为意义比较 具体和明确的词。 英语中也有用代表抽象概念或属性的词来表示 一种具体事物,译成汉语时一般可作具体化引 伸。



(3) What is known is that weight extremes in either direction are definitely unhealthy. 众所周知,过度肥胖或消瘦肯定是不健康的。 (字面意义为"体重的两个极端") (4)Her jealousy is the cause of her failure. 嫉妒心理是她失败的根源。
(3)If he is unhappy with her…why doesn’t he leave her? She can be happy without him. It is so silly--this cat- and –dog existence.(Theodore Dreiser: The Titan) 假使他和她在一起是那么的不幸福,他为什么不离开 她呢?这是多么无聊啊, 这种经常争吵的生活。 (4)The author’s fingerprint is quite obvious in all his works. 作者的写作特点在其所有作品中都体现得十分明显。 (5)The book is believed to be his swan song. 人们认为这本书是它的最后一部作品。(在西方的传说 中,天鹅临死时会发出美妙的歌声,句中“swan song”表示作家“最后的作品”) (6)I’m not the person to let my heart rule my head. 我不是那种让感s Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment, and disposition of business. … Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. … Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtitle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores.

2. 其他情况具体化。在实际翻译过程中,还会碰 到其他一些字面意义比较空泛或模糊的词句,如 果直译就不能把原文本意交代清楚,有时还会造 成歧义。这时就必须采用具体化的办法进行翻译。 例如: (1) No reproduction is granted by implication or otherwise of this information. 本资料不得私下或公开翻印。 (or otherwise具体译为"公开",以与by implication相对应) (2)The car in front of me stalled and I missed the green. 我前头的那辆车停住了,我错过了绿灯。
Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores.( studies form character) 水译:史鉴使人明智;诗歌使人巧慧;数学使人 精细;博物使人深沉;伦理之学使人庄重;逻辑 与修辞使人善辩。“学问变化气质”。 王译:读史使人明智,读诗使人灵秀,数学使人 周密,科学使人深刻,伦理学使人庄重,逻辑修 辞之学使人善辩:凡有所学,皆成性格。 王佐良的译文信达雅兼备,水天同的译文流畅可 读



词义抽象化的引伸 将词义作抽象化的引申,就是把原文的某些比 较具体和形象的词在译文中引申为意义比较抽 象和一般的词。 英语中常出现一些字面意义比较明确、具体、 实在或形象的词句,但从上下文所表述的精神 实质来看,作者的真正意图有时并不强调这些 词句所表示的具体事物或概念,而是着意于一 些概括性的、泛指的或一般性的事理。 譬如用deadlock (打不开的锁)来指"僵局", 用circulation desk (流通桌子)来只指"借阅 处 "。


Lecture 8
Translation Skills



I. Transaltion Skills :extension of word meanings (词语意义的延伸) 在英译汉的过程中,常常会碰到有些词在词 典里找不到适当的意思,如果生搬硬套或硬 按词典给出的意思翻译的话,译文就会显得 晦涩生硬,给人莫名其妙的感觉,甚至会造 成误解,在这种情况下就应采用引申词义的 方法。 词义引申就是根据上下文和逻辑关系,从该 词或词组的根本含义出发加以引申,选择恰 当的汉语词语来表达。 词义引申常用的两种方法:词义的抽象化引 申以及词义的具体化引申。
Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention.

Exercises: 1. abstract translation (1)lick one’s boots (2)eat like a bird (3)turn thumbs down on sth (4)He’s a rolling stone, I don’t think he can go far. (5)The matter was finally settled under the table. (6) She sailed into the room. 2. concrete translation (1)All the class are moved by the story. (2) His translations are very popular. (3)John’s lightheartedness, however, did not last long. (4)There had been too much violence in that region

Keys for Reference: 1. abstract translation lick one’s boots 巴结 eat like a bird 吃得很少 turn thumbs down on sth 反对 He’s a rolling stone, I don’t think he can go far. 他是个见异思迁的人,我想他不会有多大出息。 The matter was finally settled under the table. 事情终于私下里解决了。 She sailed into the room. 她仪态万方地走进房间。
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